637:
632:
20:
94:
order of birth, the male children of the daughters of the two princesses. Finally, should these leave no male issue either, the succession would pass to
Antonio Alberico's grandnephews, Francesco and Ottaviano Malaspina, descendants of his brother Francesco. The Salic law in force in the territories of the Empire seemed thus in some way safeguarded, and Ricciarda was in the meantime named "lady and mistress and usufructuary and heiress of his inheritance and assets, as long as she is of age to conceive and bear children".
174:
came of age, it was he that extorted the lordship from
Ricciarda in 1546, by force of arms, threats and entreaties and, finally, with a purchase contract whose terms were far beyond his means, but she took back the reins the following year after his involvement in a pro-France plot, which led to his
93:
In his renewed will
Antonio Alberico established as his universal heir the future first-born son of Ricciarda, or, in the event of his predecease, Ricciarda's other sons in order of birth, or, in their absence, those of his fourth-born daughter Taddea, or in further absence and always respecting the
158:
The following year her husband went on the counterattack and in turn managed to get himself appointed "co-owner" of the two fiefdoms by
Charles V, but the two spouses could no longer find terms of mutual understanding and peaceful coexistence. After a failed attempt by Lorenzo to oust her from the
210:
Ricciarda was a strong and stubborn woman ahead of her time, pleasure-loving and of easy virtue but also proud of her own prerogatives and determined to defend them at all costs even against her male family members who strived to trample on them. It was thanks to the results achieved during her
175:
decapitation in Milan in 1548. She made attempts to save her son from death, although it is difficult to establish whether she really did her utmost. In a letter written from Rome on 2 February 1548, in particular, she directly entreated pardon of
Charles V, but in vain.
195:, Ricciarda's brother-in-law and her long-time lover en titre and mentor. In her will she imposed on her successors the obligatory clause that they should bear her family surname Malaspina alongside their paternal one Cybo, thus giving rise to the new House of
154:
with a truly unusual imperial decree: in derogation of the Salic law, it gave her the right to transmit her titles not only to her male descendants, but, in their absence, also to females, always respecting the newly established principle of primogeniture.
373:
Ricciarda
Gonzaga was named after her paternal grandmother Ricciarda Cybo-Malaspina (1622–1683) who had derived her first name from her ancestor Ricciarda Malaspina. The last Duchess of Massa was also named Maria Beatrice "Ricciarda" after her
102:
After
Antonio Alberico also died in 1519 (few months before her husband), notwithstanding her being a woman and in spite of the Salic law, Ricciarda succeeded in maintaining control over his states. The following year she married
183:"My dear sister, you ought to have learned about Sir Lorenzo's death from other letters of mine. Know that, had anybody told me I would be saddened by it, I'd have spat in their face. Yet, let me assure you that it grieved me."
400:
Alberico later attempted to accredit his date of birth two years before 1534, when
Ricciarda and Lorenzo had not yet completely and definitively separated, but his attempt did not stand up to the scrutiny of historians
178:
The beheading of her son was soon followed by the death of her husband, on 14 March 1549. Writing to her sister Taddea, Ricciarda expressed herself with words that are, according to
Calonaci, 'emblematic of her
731:
1182:
1157:
1152:
90:, but she died in 1515. The following year Fieschi got married again, this time to his sister-in-law, Ricciarda. The marriage lasted for four years, until he too died, without male issue.
736:
1416:
1082:
159:
throne by force in 1538, Ricciarda turned again to the emperor: in 1541 she succeeded in having the 1530 imperial decree revoked and thus got rid of her husband's claims for good.
1222:
1122:
1117:
809:
788:
772:
60:
1092:
762:
686:
383:
In fact, being her parents' only surviving child, Maria
Beatrice succeeded her mother as the Duchess of Massa in 1790, but, due to the Salic law, she never became her father
1227:
1041:
844:
711:
1016:
875:
834:
435:
849:
1247:
1242:
746:
211:
tragic life that the states of Massa and Carrara were eventually governed, in their last hundred years of autonomous existence, by three illustrious duchesses :
1455:
1252:
1237:
839:
506:
1192:
1162:
1137:
1031:
1021:
741:
1460:
1207:
1097:
1087:
706:
696:
658:
1483:
1278:
1187:
1142:
1112:
942:
721:
968:
922:
1488:
1257:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1132:
1127:
1067:
767:
691:
1202:
1147:
1102:
1077:
1072:
1062:
983:
973:
937:
927:
880:
726:
1217:
1212:
1057:
1026:
932:
701:
212:
150:'s favour. Thus, in 1529, also to counter her husband's ambitions to get his hands on her father's fiefdoms, she succeeded in getting invested with them
1509:
978:
716:
1283:
1273:
1288:
859:
261:
227:
200:
78:, in condominium with his brother Francesco, whom however he soon ousted from power. Having no sons, Antonio Alberico, in violation of
230:(1790 to 1829), who were entitled to reign despite their being women only because they descended from marquise Ricciarda Malaspina.
264:(1534–1623) succeeded his mother following her death. albeit in reality the likely illegitimate son of his uncle, the cardinal.
142:, and the Italian states, she proved adroit in wangling her way amid conflicting interests and, despite being a relative of
1549:
419:
581:
1544:
513:
272:
Alessandro, Clemente, Elena and Ricciarda, later legitimized by her brother-in-law Cardinal Innocenzo Cybo, their father;
414:
38:
from 1519 to 1546, and again from May 1547 until her death in 1553. She was ultimately succeeded by her younger son
65:
187:
Ricciarda Malaspina continued to reign over Massa until her death in 1553. She was succeeded by her younger son
1232:
636:
255:
1524:
631:
560:
331:"Giulio Cybo-Malaspina, Marchese di Massa. Studio storico su documenti e atti per la maggior parte inediti"
147:
294:
Leone Tettoni-Francesco Saladini, La famiglia Cybo e Cybo Malaspina, Palazzo di S. Elisabetta, Massa 1997.
854:
223:
204:
1450:
604:
388:
308:
599:
1539:
1529:
824:
483:
188:
39:
1534:
464:
454:
171:
82:, named his first daughter, Eleonora, as heiress to his titles. Elenora was married to Scipione
829:
549:
275:
Scipione, by her lover, the imperial ambassador to Rome, Giovan Ferdinando Manrique d'Aguilar;
1347:
681:
116:
254:(1525–1548) dethroned his mother in 1546–1547 and was later beheaded in 1548 by decision of
1519:
1514:
1197:
1107:
963:
676:
671:
384:
217:
8:
35:
31:
19:
666:
499:
112:
1352:
1036:
139:
108:
958:
586:
565:
522:
471:
442:
143:
1421:
1357:
330:
278:
Giulia Cybo, of uncertain paternity (possibly another member of the Cybo family).
241:
From her second marriage Ricciarda had three children who survived to adulthood:
617:
304:
196:
192:
56:
1503:
335:
Atti e Memorie della R. Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Province Modenesi
245:
71:
303:
Francesco and his descendants remained in exclusive possession of the minor
238:
From her first marriage Ricciarda had only one daughter, Isabella Fieschi.
127:
104:
819:
251:
191:, officially held to be legitimate but most probably the son of Cardinal
545:
312:
120:
97:
1478:
146:
by marriage and often living in Rome, she managed to win the Emperor
79:
222:, as regent (1731 to 1744), and, as legitimate rulers, her daughter
554:
424:
316:
151:
165:
162:
The two spouses had already been living apart for over a decade.
87:
83:
75:
131:
199:, who would hold Massa and Carrara until 1790 (or 1829 if the
135:
74:. His father in 1481 had become marquis of Massa and lord of
491:
30:(1497 – 15 June 1553) was an Italian noblewoman, who was
98:
Second marriage and power struggle with her husband
268:Ricciarda also had several illegitimate children:
1501:
166:Conflict with her son Giulio, death and legacy
126:In a period in which Italy was overrun by the
507:
50:
732:Ippolito Malaspina (Marchese di Fosdinovo)
538:
514:
500:
360:
358:
356:
262:Alberico I Cybo-Malaspina, Prince of Massa
1510:People from the Province of Massa-Carrara
643:Sum Mala Spina Malis Sum Bona Spina Bonis
328:
226:(1731 to 1790) and the latter's daughter
18:
782:Marquises of Massa and lords of Carrara
353:
1502:
495:
23:Marchesa di Massa Ricciarda Malaspina
420:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
1328:Painters, Scolptures and Architects
1158:Castello di Montechiaro (Rivergaro)
1153:Castello di Montechiaro (Fivizzano)
13:
737:Carlo Francesco Agostino Malaspina
14:
1561:
1417:Chiesa di San Remigio (Fosdinovo)
1183:Castello di Santo Stefano d'Aveto
1083:Castello di Calice al Cornoviglio
860:Maria Beatrice d'Este (1750-1829)
635:
630:
387:'s heiress to the throne of the
119:, and a nephew of the incumbent
803:Sovereigns of Massa and Carrara
407:
252:Giulio I Cybo, Marquis of Massa
228:Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este
111:nobleman who was a grandson of
1233:Castello Malaspiniano (Bobbio)
1223:Castello Malaspina (Fosdinovo)
394:
377:
367:
322:
297:
288:
1:
1123:Castello di Isola del Cantone
1118:Castello di Groppo San Pietro
810:Antonio Alberico II Malaspina
789:Antonio Alberico II Malaspina
773:Antonio Alberico II Malaspina
582:Malaspina dello Spino Fiorito
561:Oberto II (Margrave of Milan)
521:
282:
207:is also taken into account).
170:When the couple's eldest son
61:Antonio Alberico II Malaspina
1093:Castello di Castel del Piano
763:Antonio Alberico I Malaspina
687:Antonio Alberico I Malaspina
45:
7:
1550:16th-century women monarchs
1228:Castello Malaspina di Varzi
1042:Palazzo Venerosi Pesciolini
855:Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina
845:Alberico III Cybo-Malaspina
712:Giuseppe Malaspina (nobile)
600:Malaspina dello Spino Secco
413:Calonaci, Stefano (2006). "
341:(II). Modena: Vincenzi: 144
233:
224:Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina
205:last Cybo-Malaspina duchess
10:
1566:
1545:16th-century Italian women
1451:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
1017:Palazzo Boldieri-Malaspina
876:Giovanna Novella Malaspina
835:Alberico II Cybo-Malaspina
756:Lords of Massa and Carrara
605:Conrad Malaspina (The Old)
436:Antonio Alberico Malaspina
59:, she was the daughter of
1471:
1443:
1430:
1409:
1392:
1379:
1367:Philosofers and Humanists
1366:
1340:
1327:
1314:
1297:
1266:
1050:
1009:
996:
952:Military-men and Warlords
951:
915:
902:
889:
868:
850:Alderano I Cybo-Malaspina
825:Alberico I Cybo-Malaspina
802:
781:
755:
657:
650:
628:
574:
529:
480:
469:
461:
451:
440:
432:
329:Staffetti, Luigi (1892).
51:Family and first marriage
1248:Fortezza delle Verrucole
1243:Fortezza della Verrucola
747:Carlo Emanuele Malaspina
1456:Marchesato di Fosdinovo
1253:Rocca Malaspina (Massa)
1238:Fortezza della Brunella
916:Bishops and Archbishops
840:Carlo II Cybo-Malaspina
1193:Castello di Scaldasole
1163:Castello di Montemassi
1138:Castello di Madrignano
1032:Palazzo Ducale (Massa)
1022:Palazzo Cybo Malaspina
830:Carlo I Cybo-Malaspina
742:Gabriele III Malaspina
550:Adalberto the Margrave
185:
24:
1461:Marchesato di Tresana
1348:Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
1208:Castello di Torriglia
1098:Castello di Codiponte
1088:Castello di Casarasco
707:Galeotto II Malaspina
697:Gabriele II Malaspina
682:Spinetta II Malaspina
659:Marquise of Fosdinovo
425:Enciclopedia Italiana
181:
22:
1484:Castelli lunigianesi
1279:Villa la Rinchiostra
1198:Castle of Serravalle
1188:Castello di Sassalbo
1143:Castello di Malgrate
1113:Castello di Grondola
1108:Castello di Compiano
964:Alessandro Malaspina
943:Gherardino Malaspina
722:Giacomo II Malaspina
677:Gabriele I Malaspina
672:Galeotto I Malaspina
415:Malaspina, Ricciarda
1525:Marquisses of Massa
1489:Pace di Castelnuovo
1258:Torre di Castruccio
1178:Castello di Rivalta
1173:Castello di Regnano
1168:Castello di Oramala
1133:Castello di Lusuolo
1128:Castello di Levanto
1068:Castello di Ameglia
815:Ricciarda Malaspina
794:Ricciarda Malaspina
768:Giacomo I Malaspina
692:Giacomo I Malaspina
28:Ricciarda Malaspina
1203:Castello di Suvero
1148:Castello di Moneta
1103:Castello di Comano
1078:Castello di Bastia
1073:Castello di Arcola
1063:Castello di Agnino
984:Moroello Malaspina
974:Ippolito Malaspina
938:Gabriele Malaspina
928:Aragonio Malaspina
881:Marcella Malaspina
727:Pasquale Malaspina
667:Spinetta Malaspina
117:Lorenzo de' Medici
113:Pope Innocent VIII
25:
16:Italian noblewoman
1497:
1496:
1405:
1404:
1353:Guilhem de la Tor
1310:
1309:
1218:Castello di Viano
1213:Castello di Varsi
1058:Castello del Dego
1051:Castles and Forts
1037:Palazzo Malaspina
1027:Palazzo Dessilani
992:
991:
969:Bernabò Malaspina
933:Barnaba Malaspina
923:Bernabò Malaspina
702:Lorenzo Malaspina
645:
626:
625:
490:
489:
481:Succeeded by
472:Marquise of Massa
452:Succeeded by
443:Marquise of Massa
256:Emperor Charles V
213:Ricciarda Gonzaga
140:Holy Roman Empire
32:marquise of Massa
1557:
1540:Malaspina family
1530:Lords of Carrara
1325:
1324:
1007:
1006:
979:Obizzo Malaspina
959:Albert Malaspina
717:Andrea Malaspina
655:
654:
641:
639:
634:
587:Opizzo Malaspina
566:Albert Malaspina
536:
535:
516:
509:
502:
493:
492:
478:1547–1553
462:Preceded by
449:1519–1546
433:Preceded by
430:
429:
402:
398:
392:
381:
375:
371:
365:
364:Calonaci (2006).
362:
351:
350:
348:
346:
326:
320:
301:
295:
292:
221:
144:Pope Clement VII
69:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1467:
1439:
1426:
1422:Massa Cathedral
1401:
1388:
1375:
1362:
1358:Dante Alighieri
1336:
1323:
1306:
1293:
1284:Villa Malaspina
1274:Villa di Agnano
1262:
1046:
1005:
988:
947:
911:
898:
885:
864:
798:
777:
751:
646:
640:
622:
570:
531:
525:
520:
486:
477:
474:Lady of Carrara
473:
467:
457:
448:
445:Lady of Carrara
444:
438:
410:
405:
399:
395:
389:Duchy of Modena
382:
378:
372:
368:
363:
354:
344:
342:
327:
323:
302:
298:
293:
289:
285:
236:
215:
168:
100:
72:Lucrezia d'Este
63:
53:
48:
36:lady of Carrara
17:
12:
11:
5:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:Cybo-Malaspina
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1410:Resting places
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1004:
1003:
1000:
998:
994:
993:
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
955:
953:
949:
948:
946:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
919:
917:
913:
912:
910:
909:
906:
904:
900:
899:
897:
896:
893:
891:
887:
886:
884:
883:
878:
872:
870:
866:
865:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
806:
804:
800:
799:
797:
796:
791:
785:
783:
779:
778:
776:
775:
770:
765:
759:
757:
753:
752:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
663:
661:
652:
648:
647:
629:
627:
624:
623:
621:
620:
618:Cybo-Malaspina
614:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
596:
595:
592:
591:
590:
589:
578:
576:
572:
571:
569:
568:
563:
558:
552:
542:
540:
533:
527:
526:
519:
518:
511:
504:
496:
488:
487:
482:
479:
468:
463:
459:
458:
453:
450:
439:
434:
428:
427:
409:
406:
404:
403:
393:
376:
366:
352:
337:(in Italian).
321:
296:
286:
284:
281:
280:
279:
276:
273:
266:
265:
259:
249:
235:
232:
197:Cybo-Malaspina
193:Innocenzo Cybo
167:
164:
99:
96:
52:
49:
47:
44:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1562:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1289:Villa Massoni
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
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246:Eleonora Cybo
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201:Este daughter
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1444:Institutions
997:Architecture
814:
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575:Sub-branches
470:
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408:Bibliography
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369:
343:. Retrieved
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299:
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267:
248:(1523–1594);
240:
237:
209:
186:
182:
177:
169:
161:
157:
125:
105:Lorenzo Cybo
101:
92:
54:
27:
26:
1520:1553 deaths
1515:1497 births
820:Giulio Cybo
539:Main branch
401:(Calonaci).
216: [
179:character':
86:, count of
64: [
1504:Categories
1380:Scientists
546:Obertenghi
484:Alberico I
385:Ercole III
315:alone, in
313:Scaldasole
309:Sannazzaro
283:References
121:Pope Leo X
40:Alberico I
1479:Lunigiana
1393:Musicians
903:Cardinlas
523:Malaspina
307:fiefs of
148:Charles V
80:Salic law
46:Biography
869:Consorts
555:Oberto I
530:Dynastic
465:Giulio I
455:Giulio I
317:Lombardy
305:Milanese
234:Children
189:Alberico
152:suo jure
130:between
55:Born in
1472:Related
1431:Heraldy
1315:Patrons
1010:Palaces
345:27 July
203:of the
109:Genoese
88:Lavagna
84:Fieschi
76:Carrara
1267:Villas
890:Saints
651:People
417:". In
172:Giulio
138:, the
132:France
1341:Poets
1298:Altro
532:lines
220:]
136:Spain
68:]
57:Massa
347:2024
311:and
128:wars
115:and
107:, a
70:and
34:and
1506::
355:^
339:IV
333:.
218:it
134:,
123:.
66:it
42:.
557:)
548:(
515:e
508:t
501:v
391:.
374:.
349:.
319:.
258:;
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
