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central tendon is mobile, when the muscle contracts the central tendon is drawn down, compressing the cavity underneath and expanding the thoracic cavity downward. When the central tendon is stabilized and the lower ribs are mobile, a contraction of the diaphragm elevates the ribs, which works in conjunction with other muscles to expand the thoracic indent upward.
444:
on the thoracic vertebra of the same rib number. The transverse costal facet is on the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is
564:
that develop in association with the vertebral arches. During the fifth week the costal processes on the thoracic vertebrae become longer to form the ribs. In the sixth week, the costovertebral joints begin to develop and separate the ribs from the vertebrae. The first seven pairs of ribs, the true
423:
is a flattened part that extends laterally from the head. The neck is about 3 cm long. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, whilst its posterior is perforated by numerous foramina and its surface rough, to give attachment to the ligament of the neck. Its upper border presents a rough crest
516:
which controls breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity is expanded, reducing intra-thoracic pressure and drawing air into the lungs. This happens through one of two actions (or a mix of the two): when the lower ribs the diaphragm connects to are stabilized by muscles and the
508:
In general, human ribs increase in length from ribs 1 through 7 and decrease in length again through rib 12. Along with this change in size, the ribs become progressively oblique (slanted) from ribs 1 through 9, then less slanted through rib 12.
372:
lies next to a vertebra. The ribs connect to the vertebrae with two costovertebral joints, one on the head and one on the neck. The head of the rib has a superior and an inferior articulating region, separated by a crest. These articulate with the
439:
on the posterior surface of the neck of the rib, has two facets (surfaces) one articulating and one non-articulating. The articular facet, is small and oval and is the lower and more medial of the two, and connects to the
632:
arise from the vertebral column just below the dorsal ribs, and enclose the lower body, often joining at the tips. Not all species possess both types of rib, with the dorsal ribs being most commonly absent.
709:
is an attachment for the shoulder muscles. Usually dogs have 26 ribs. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs on the thoracic vertebra, although fixed cervical ribs are also present in
346:
and are numbered from 1 to 12 according to the vertebrae to which they attach. The first rib is attached to thoracic vertebra 1 (T1). At the front of the body, most of the ribs are joined by
485:. The first rib is unique and easier to distinguish than other ribs. It is a short, flat, C-shaped bone, and attaches to the manubrium. The vertebral attachment can be found just below the
397:
joins the head of the rib to both the body of the upper vertebra and to the body of the lower vertebra. The smaller middle part of the ligament connects to the intervertebral disc. This
408:
The other costovertebral joint is that between the tubercle on the neck and the transverse process of the joining thoracic vertebra of the same rib number, and this is known as the
628:, are found in the dividing septum between the upper and lower parts of the main muscle segments, projecting roughly sideways from the vertebral column. The second set, the
234:
584:. Primary ossification centers are located near the angle of each rib, and ossification continues in the direction away from the head and neck. During
206:
202:
497:", three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed
382:
1055:
915:
870:
717:
mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as
721:. In general, the structure and number of the true ribs in humans is similar to that in other mammals. Unlike reptiles,
493:. Ribs 2 through 7 then become longer and less curved as they progress downwards. The following five sets are known as "
338:
to help protect internal organs. Humans usually have 24 ribs, in 12 pairs. 1 in 500 people have an extra rib known as a
701:
In birds, ribs are present as distinct bones only on the thoracic region, although small fused ribs are present on the
797:
1136:
1018:
990:
413:
115:
1078:
Saladin, K. S. (2010). Anatomy and
Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
96:
1161:
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68:
1102:
53:
229:
814:
75:
938:"Evaluation of congenital rib anomalies with multi-detector computed tomography in the Turkish population"
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1035:
895:
850:
342:. People may have a cervical rib on the right, left or both sides. All are attached at the back to the
581:
82:
1166:
429:
185:
489:
at the first thoracic vertebra, and the majority of this bone can be found above the level of the
441:
416:
attaches from the non-articular facet of the tubercle to the transverse process of the vertebra.
42:
64:
241:
213:
197:
409:
378:
374:
355:
1034:
Sly, Peter D.; Collins, Rachel A. (2008-01-01), Taussig, Lynn M.; Landau, Louis I. (eds.),
894:
Sly, Peter D.; Collins, Rachel A. (2008-01-01), Taussig, Lynn M.; Landau, Louis I. (eds.),
49:
20:
8:
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526:
386:
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have formed on the vertebral bodies. These processes are small, lateral protrusions of
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945:
903:
858:
779:
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660:
482:
347:
624:, there are often two sets of ribs attached to the vertebral column. One set, the
588:
secondary ossification centers are formed in the tubercles and heads of the ribs.
16:
Long bone in vertebrates that protects vital respiratory and cardiovascular organs
698:
typically have no ribs, aside from a sacral pair, which form part of the pelvis.
294:
190:
89:
694:, while snakes have numerous ribs running along the full length of their trunk.
686:
have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilaginous
674:
In most true tetrapods, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living
652:
286:
270:
936:
Oner, Zulal; Oner, Serkan; Sahin, Necati Emre; Cay, Mahmut (26 January 2023).
637:, for example, have no ventral ribs, and only very short dorsal ribs. In some
1155:
783:
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222:
218:
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824:
751:
742:
are widely used from many animals. The ribs are the less meaty part of the
604:
577:
498:
339:
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937:
705:. The thoracic ribs of birds possess a wide projection to the rear; this
829:
739:
734:
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398:
310:
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and they are often cooked as part of a slab; five or more is known as a
819:
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494:
259:
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only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum.
247:
137:
763:
743:
710:
682:, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example,
675:
502:
474:
331:
298:
31:
19:
This article is about the part of the skeleton. For other uses, see
1131:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 170–173.
771:
691:
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490:
457:
390:
335:
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647:, however, only ever have a single set of ribs which are probably
767:
679:
641:, there may be additional rib-like bones within the muscle mass.
638:
566:
538:
478:
351:
262:
152:
985:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. pp. 293–297.
851:"Chapter 18 - Trunk Control: Supporting Functional Independence"
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683:
664:
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381:
on the connecting vertebrae. The crest gives attachment to the
317:, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body.
445:
much more prominent in the upper ribs than in the lower ribs.
385:
that joins the rib to the vertebra of the same number, at the
981:
Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2018).
634:
570:
466:
314:
306:
173:
655:, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the
301:
by expanding the thoracic cavity. They serve to protect the
695:
486:
302:
278:
157:
Animation of all ribs, including the false ones in humans
142:
Collection of single ribs in the
Faculty of Education of
512:
The rib cage is separated from the lower abdomen by the
1097:(3rd ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 80–85.
549:. The vertebrae and ribs develop from the sclerotomes.
758:
are ribs of beef either served singly or several as a
1074:
1072:
1036:"Chapter 7 - Applied Clinical Respiratory Physiology"
896:"Chapter 7 - Applied Clinical Respiratory Physiology"
361:
The parts of a rib includes the head, neck, body (or
663:
were stout and short, since they formed part of the
1127:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
297:, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1069:
600:Skeleton of a dog showing the location of the ribs
1153:
935:
1040:Pediatric Respiratory Medicine (Second Edition)
980:
900:Pediatric Respiratory Medicine (Second Edition)
849:Gillen, Glen (2016-01-01), Gillen, Glen (ed.),
651:with the dorsal ribs of fishes. In the earlier
1013:(Sixth ed.). Saunders. pp. 183–184.
573:stage the sternal bars have completely fused.
766:from beef is a popular choice used in many
313:of the thorax. In some animals, especially
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116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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473:The first seven sets of ribs, known as "
469:image of human chest, with ribs labelled
461:
1042:, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 73–88,
902:, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 73–88,
576:The ribs begin as cartilage that later
1154:
1092:
1008:
855:Stroke Rehabilitation (Fourth Edition)
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428:) for the attachment of the anterior
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1120:
1118:
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
533:form and soon subdivide into three
403:articulation of the head of the rib
354:. Ribs connect to vertebrae at the
13:
863:10.1016/b978-0-323-17281-3.00018-6
789:
14:
1178:
1111:
884:
725:ribs are never found in mammals.
667:, connecting the backbone to the
414:superior costotransverse ligament
1048:10.1016/b978-032304048-8.50011-6
908:10.1016/b978-032304048-8.50011-6
796:
591:
432:; its lower border is rounded.
320:
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659:are typically the longest. The
41:needs additional citations for
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565:ribs join at the front to the
520:
325:
1:
835:
815:Anatomical terms of location
7:
983:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
857:, Mosby, pp. 360–393,
808:
501:. They are attached to the
451:
10:
1183:
732:
455:
18:
803:Thoracic cage with spine
582:endochondral ossification
383:intra-articulate ligament
365:), tubercle, and angle.
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1093:Larsen, William (2001).
552:During the fourth week (
430:costotransverse ligament
477:", are attached to the
442:transverse costal facet
1162:Thorax (human anatomy)
1011:Atlas of human anatomy
1009:Netter, Frank (2014).
617:
601:
470:
379:inferior costal facets
334:that form part of the
277:) are the long curved
274:
242:Anatomical terminology
951:10.5603/FM.a2023.0006
607:
599:
527:the developing embryo
465:
410:costotransverse joint
356:costovertebral joints
719:transverse processes
293:, ribs surround the
50:improve this article
21:Rib (disambiguation)
1129:The Vertebrate Body
580:– a process called
426:crista colli costae
387:intervertebral disc
942:Folia Morphologica
703:cervical vertebrae
657:thoracic vertebrae
618:
602:
514:thoracic diaphragm
471:
344:thoracic vertebrae
144:Charles University
1057:978-0-323-04048-8
917:978-0-323-04048-8
872:978-0-323-17281-3
554:fertilization age
537:components – the
483:costal cartilages
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820:Bone terminology
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707:uncinate process
614:Eptesicus fuscus
608:Rib cage of the
558:costal processes
401:is known as the
395:radiate ligament
348:costal cartilage
248:edit on Wikidata
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437:tubercle of rib
421:neck of the rib
370:head of the rib
330:Human ribs are
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281:which form the
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569:bars. By the
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37:
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876:, retrieved
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825:Rib fracture
774:, including
759:
752:rack of lamb
747:
740:Ribs as food
738:
729:Ribs as food
718:
706:
700:
673:
643:
630:ventral ribs
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369:
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340:cervical rib
329:
311:vital organs
309:, and other
266:
257:
207:A02.3.02.001
203:A02.3.01.001
178:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
830:Rib removal
735:Ribs (food)
661:sacral ribs
626:dorsal ribs
586:adolescence
521:Development
399:plane joint
326:Rib details
168:Identifiers
1156:Categories
1104:0443065837
1063:2020-11-03
923:2020-11-03
878:2020-11-03
836:References
776:spare ribs
756:Short ribs
750:, as in a
711:monotremes
676:amphibians
649:homologous
622:jawed fish
562:mesenchyme
547:sclerotome
545:, and the
535:mesodermal
495:false ribs
389:. Another
332:flat bones
289:. In most
260:vertebrate
76:newspapers
968:256899032
772:Pork ribs
764:rib steak
744:meat chop
669:hip bones
653:choanates
645:Tetrapods
543:dermatome
525:Early in
503:vertebrae
475:true ribs
299:breathing
291:tetrapods
106:June 2008
960:36794687
809:See also
780:European
768:cuisines
692:plastron
688:carapace
680:reptiles
639:teleosts
578:ossifies
491:clavicle
458:Rib cage
452:Rib cage
391:ligament
375:superior
336:rib cage
283:rib cage
715:therian
684:turtles
567:sternal
539:myotome
531:somites
481:by the
479:sternum
352:sternum
350:to the
263:anatomy
191:D012272
163:Details
90:scholar
1135:
1101:
1054:
1017:
989:
966:
958:
914:
869:
723:caudal
665:pelvis
635:Sharks
412:. The
393:, the
315:snakes
275:costae
179:costae
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
964:S2CID
760:plate
713:. In
696:Frogs
571:fetal
467:X-ray
363:shaft
307:heart
303:lungs
279:bones
271:Latin
246:[
174:Latin
97:JSTOR
83:books
65:"Rib"
1133:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1052:ISBN
1015:ISBN
987:ISBN
956:PMID
912:ISBN
867:ISBN
782:and
762:. A
748:rack
690:and
678:and
487:neck
419:The
377:and
368:The
267:ribs
235:7574
223:1118
219:1105
198:TA98
186:MeSH
69:news
1044:doi
946:doi
904:doi
859:doi
620:In
258:In
230:FMA
214:TA2
131:Rib
52:by
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