191:
326:
5071:
4440:
4148:
2916:
38:
161:. In 1650, to guard against forgeries a set of rules was passed in an attempt to guarantee the origin of the wine. In 1737 King Louis XV of France decreed that all casks destined for resale should be branded C.D.R. These were the wines from the area around Tavel, Roquemaure, Lirac and Chusclan on the western ('right') bank of the Rhône. Just over 100 years later, wines from the 'left' bank were included in the C.D.R. definition.
5083:
742:. There is no official classification differentiating between different crus, but the market prices of some AOCs are much higher than others. Sometimes, individual vineyard names (such as La Landonne within the Côte-Rôtie appellation) are displayed on the labels. Most producers will only do this for top wines, but vineyard-labelled wines enjoy no different official status from other cru wines.
553:
is an AOC that covers both the northern and southern sub-regions of Rhône. Typically it is only used if the wine does not qualify for an appellation that can command a higher price. Therefore, almost all Côtes du Rhône AOC is produced in southern Rhône, since the northern sub-region is covered by
233:
designation, Syrah must be used exclusively, whereas other reds from the northern Rhône sub-region may be blended with white wine grapes, either
Viognier or Marsanne and Roussanne, depending on the appellation. However, while this is allowed by the AOC rules, blending with white grapes is widely
169:
The various AOC wines of the Rhône Valley region are produced by over 6,000 wine growing properties including 1,837 private wineries and 103 cooperatives. Those vineyard owners which do not vinify their wines themselves deliver their grapes in bulk either to a winemaking cooperative, for example
751:
Different grape varieties are allowed in the different Rhône appellations; a few appellations are single variety appellations, while the regional Côtes du Rhône appellation allow 21 different varieties. In most cases, Northern Rhône appellations allow many fewer varieties than those of
Southern
349:
which give rise to a wide diversity of wines. A feature of the cultivation of the region is the use of large pebbles around the bases of the vines to absorb the heat of the sun during the day to keep the vines warm at night when, due to the cloudless skies, there is often a significant drop in
625:-styled wines made from Syrah and Grenache lobbied for this change since the local winemaking traditions did not coincide with administrative borders, and presumably due to the greater prestige of Rhône wines in the marketplace. Such changes of borders between wine regions are very rare.
558:
who buy grapes in bulk from various parts of the region to bottle, distribute, and export on an industrial scale. This nevertheless makes it the most commonly known, produced, and distributed appellation of the region. Produce from vineyards surrounding certain villages including
181:
The entire Rhône region produces around 4 million hl of wine each year, of which over half is classified under the Côte du Rhône and Côte du Rhône-Villages appellations. The prestigious
Northern Rhône appellations account for less than 5% of the total Rhône wine production.
606:. In 2004 ten new appellations were officially added to the Rhône region, 9 in the Gard and one in the Vaucluse, which largely parallel the wines of Southern Rhône proper, while two appellations were discontinued for reasons of reforesting and urban encroachment.
713:
is an AOC allowed for 95 communes, with a higher minimum requirement for grape maturity than basic Côtes du Rhône. It is therefore a higher classification. In general, the appellation does not allow the village name to be
667:
which are marketed as Vin de Pays du Gard, Vin de Pays de
Vaucluse, etc., or are sold to blenders of wine from the European Union, and mass food distribution for sale as own brands. Excess wines of the lowest quality,
524:(the furrow of the Rhône) by some thirty producers including Château d'Aqueria, Domaine Maby, Domaine de la Mordorée, Domaine Pelaquier, is an elite rosé only, which has been referred to as 'the wine of kings".
707:
only displays the region, and may be used in the entire wine region, in 171 communes. For some communes, this is the only allowed AOC. It is therefore the lowest classification for Rhône AOC wine.
3049:
JORF n°177 du 1 août 2004 page 13753 texte n° 25: Arrêté du 19 juillet 2004 relatif à la composition des comités régionaux vins et eaux-de-vie de l'Institut national des appellations d'origine
700:. There are, however, differences between the Rhône AOCs regarding their geographical delineation and naming practices, which, in turn, provide a classification into four distinct categories:
149:, at which time the production of wine expanded greatly. The wines were traded to such a degree that the Duke of Burgundy banned import and export of non-Burgundian wines. In 1446 the city of
405:, after the first three varietals. The reds from the left bank are full bodied, rich in tannins while young, and are characterized by their aromas of prune, undergrowth, chocolate and
225:
permitted in red AOC wines from this sub-region. The grape, which is believed to have originated in or close to the Rhône region, is also widely known as Shiraz, its name in
157:" – very small and miserable wines. The name Côtes du Rhône comes from public administration in the Middle Ages and was the name (Côte without 's') of a district in the Gard
357:, a blend containing up to 19 varieties of wine grapes (ten red and nine white) as permitted by the Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC rules. Other nearby AOC regions including
130:, whence circa 280 AD the Romans brought it and the Viognier grape. However, extensive DNA typing and viticultural research has established beyond doubt that
490:
White wines from the southern Rhône sub-region, such as in Châteauneuf-du-Pape whites, are also typically blends of several wine grapes. These may include
106:
The first cultivated vines in the region were probably planted around 600 BC. The origins of the two most important grape varieties in the northern Rhone (
389:
has a more restricted set of permitted grapes. Depending on the specific AOC rules, grapes blended into southern Rhône reds may include
Grenache, Syrah,
218:. Northern Rhône is therefore cooler than southern Rhône, which means that the mix of planted grape varieties and wine styles are slightly different.
3347:
3272:
3362:
3332:
3317:
3302:
3287:
3257:
3242:
3227:
3164:
3149:
3134:
3119:
3104:
3089:
3074:
3059:
4482:
730:
are the 16 named appellations which display only the name of the cru, and not Côtes du Rhône. These include the most famous Rhône wines, such as
618:
141:
interest in the wine of the region disappeared. Rhône reappeared in the 13th century when the Popes and their considerable purchasing power
70:
The Rhône is generally divided into two sub-regions with distinct vinicultural traditions, the
Northern Rhône (referred to in French as
554:
well-known appellations and also is much smaller in terms of total vineyard surface. This AOC is also used by the commercial blenders
4595:
621:
moved the responsibility for oversight of this appellation's wine to the regional committee of the Rhône valley. Local producers of
229:
and much of the
English-speaking world, and has recently become very popular with consumers around the world. For wines bearing the
4374:
59:
3048:
660:
that, provided they comply with the rules for varieties, plant spacing, pruning and maximum yield, are admitted in the AOC.
4475:
4196:
94:
grapes. The southern sub-region produces an array of red, white and rosé wines, often blends of several grapes such as in
3458:
3004:
Inter Rhône: Committee for the promotion of the technology, economy, communication and marketing of Rhône Wine (2005)
2992:
2968:
2947:
41:
Detailed map of the Rhône wine region, with separate maps of
Southern Rhône ("Zoom A") and Northern Rhône ("Zoom B").
341:
is permitted. The differing terroirs, together with the rugged landscape which partly protects the valleys from the
4604:
721:
564:
426:
578:
Other appellations falling outside the main Rhône area in terms of wine styles but administratively within it are
5105:
4562:
4468:
3433:
535:
479:
3747:
2382:
2340:
17:
3914:
2901:
4588:
4400:
190:
4955:
4405:
334:
4795:
3387:
610:
138:
5061:
4325:
4292:
4121:
207:
739:
434:
354:
95:
4537:
4415:
4305:
752:
Rhône. In many appellation regulations, a division is made into main grape varieties (indicated by "
4581:
4410:
4189:
4131:
4060:
3952:
3553:
3536:
317:
Northern Rhône reds are often identified by their signature aromas of green olive and smoky bacon.
599:
416:
358:
4300:
3673:
3509:
587:
550:
439:
421:
362:
222:
64:
4163:
4086:
3531:
3037:
1197:
685:
31:
756:"), supplementary varieties (indicated by "S"), and accessory varieties (indicated by "(A)").
280:
242:
4885:
4101:
3870:
3514:
474:
301:- reds of Syrah and up to 15% Marsanne and Roussanne; whites of only Marsanne and Roussanne.
295:- reds of Syrah and up to 15% Marsanne and Roussanne; whites of only Marsanne and Roussanne.
289:- reds of Syrah and up to 10% Marsanne and Roussanne; whites of only Marsanne and Roussanne.
3752:
3504:
583:
579:
292:
246:
171:
8:
4542:
4330:
4282:
4182:
3426:
735:
622:
346:
268:
178:(wine producers and merchants) who blend, distribute, and export on an industrial scale.
3732:
4860:
4643:
4320:
3825:
337:
with milder winters and hot summers. Drought can be a problem in the area, but limited
310:
258:
4274:
4221:
3805:
3543:
2988:
2964:
2943:
1778:
1096:
507:
338:
3742:
3389:(Committee for the promotion of the production, economy and marketing of Rhône Wine)
5002:
4915:
4880:
4734:
4679:
4065:
3992:
3855:
3757:
531:
286:
254:
127:
122:. Others that the grape came 50 years later when Greeks fled from the Persian king
82:
grape, sometimes blended with up to 20% of white wine grapes, and white wines from
325:
5038:
4997:
4900:
4865:
4764:
4739:
4420:
4241:
4158:
3944:
3772:
3707:
3650:
3613:
3493:
2935:
2466:
689:
50:
1541:
5048:
5028:
5018:
4950:
4930:
4845:
4800:
4749:
4714:
4669:
4648:
4628:
4310:
4259:
4213:
4070:
4042:
4017:
3938:
3927:
3922:
3820:
3787:
3603:
3581:
3548:
3524:
3419:
2565:
2520:
1944:
1842:
1680:
638:
634:
614:
527:
444:
374:
342:
215:
211:
142:
115:
4315:
5099:
5087:
5070:
5043:
5023:
4981:
4971:
4905:
4875:
4830:
4805:
4785:
4780:
4724:
4709:
4689:
4674:
4653:
4638:
4633:
4623:
4618:
4547:
4517:
4512:
4439:
4340:
4249:
4147:
4055:
4050:
3727:
3519:
2064:
2010:
731:
697:
693:
603:
464:
386:
298:
250:
195:
3366:
3351:
3336:
3321:
3306:
3291:
3276:
3261:
3246:
3231:
3168:
3153:
3138:
3123:
3108:
3093:
3078:
3063:
5033:
4976:
4940:
4935:
4920:
4910:
4870:
4855:
4810:
4790:
4759:
4704:
4699:
4527:
4126:
3717:
3655:
3645:
3598:
3215:
3203:
3191:
3179:
3013:
Robinson, Jancis (2006). The Oxford
Companion to Wine (3rd Ed.), pp. 572-4.
669:
657:
459:
454:
382:
274:
238:
63:(AOC) designations. The region's major appellation in production volume is
3875:
2232:
390:
175:
5075:
4925:
4895:
4835:
4825:
4820:
4744:
4719:
4694:
4684:
4502:
4491:
4444:
4395:
4358:
4152:
4007:
3997:
3895:
3660:
3591:
3450:
2906:
2736:
1477:
664:
595:
591:
539:
499:
449:
406:
378:
153:
forbade all wines from Lyon, Tournon and Vienne, arguing that they were "
3777:
3318:
AOC regulations for Muscat de
Beaumes-de-Venise, version 13 October 2009
114:) have in the past been subject to speculation. Some suggested that the
4945:
4890:
4850:
4840:
4815:
4729:
4557:
4507:
4348:
4264:
4254:
4205:
4111:
4106:
4091:
4027:
4022:
3987:
3885:
3880:
3840:
3767:
3712:
3702:
3684:
3640:
3628:
3618:
3576:
3402:
3392:
2786:
1291:
1249:
514:
is increasingly being used and is also appearing as a single varietal.
491:
402:
304:
230:
118:
were responsible for bringing the Syrah grape from the Persian city of
3697:
1150:
663:
The excess production of many domains and cooperatives is released as
210:
with harsh winters but warm summers. Its climate is influenced by the
4754:
4532:
4522:
4226:
4116:
4096:
4032:
4012:
4002:
3962:
3900:
3782:
3722:
3623:
3468:
2618:
2290:
931:
673:
517:
495:
484:
469:
370:
366:
226:
87:
409:
black fruit. The right bank reds are slightly lighter and fruitier.
131:
3972:
3967:
3957:
3850:
3830:
3797:
3762:
3608:
3571:
3483:
3478:
3463:
2834:
2424:
2193:
2136:
1894:
1632:
1051:
873:
724:
that have been deemed to be of a higher standard than the majority.
642:
511:
398:
394:
111:
91:
83:
4573:
3692:
199:
54:
37:
4425:
4231:
3982:
3835:
3810:
3737:
3473:
1720:
1592:
503:
264:
From north to south the appellations in the northern Rhône are:
146:
123:
3586:
3273:
AOC regulations for Châteauneuf-du-Pape, version 20 October 2009
2911:
126:. Yet others suggested the grape came from the Sicilian city of
4390:
4353:
3977:
3865:
3860:
646:
560:
119:
4460:
3258:
AOC regulations for Beaumes de Venise, version 23 October 2009
2979:
2977:
245:. Marsanne and Roussanne are in turn used for the whites from
4174:
3890:
3845:
3815:
3135:
AOC regulations for Crozes-Hermitage, version 29 October 2009
2678:
1333:
989:
150:
107:
79:
3381:
3075:
AOC regulations for Château-Grillet, version 28 October 2009
617:, was also attached to the Rhône wine region. In that year,
313:- sparkling and still whites of only Marsanne and Roussanne.
3442:
3398:
3243:
AOC regulations for Côtes du Rhône, version 23 October 2009
3228:
AOC regulations for Côtes du Rhône, version 14 October 2009
3216:
AOC regulations for Coteaux de Die, version 1 December 2016
3204:
AOC regulations for Coteaux de Die, version 1 December 2016
3192:
AOC regulations for Cremant de Die, version 1 December 2016
3180:
AOC regulations for Coteaux de Die, version 1 December 2016
2974:
650:
3382:
Les Vins des Côtes du Rhône - Côtes du Rhône official site
649:. These wines usually do not conform to the rules of a
3150:
AOC regulations for Saint-Joseph, version 28 October 2009
3165:
AOC regulations for Saint-Péray, version 28 October 2009
3411:
3363:
AOC regulations for Vacqueyras, version 14 October 2009
3105:
AOC regulations for Côte-Rôtie, version 28 October 2009
613:, which previously had been counted as part of eastern
78:). The northern sub-region produces red wines from the
3120:
AOC regulations for Hermitage, version 28 October 2009
3027:. London: Cassell & Company Ltd. pp. 450–452.
5059:
3288:
AOC regulations for Gigondas, version 23 October 2009
3060:
AOC regulations for Condrieu, version 28 October 2009
570:
Red Côtes du Rhône is usually dominated by Grenache.
329:
A vineyard in Châteauneuf-du-Pape, in southern Rhône.
3333:
AOC regulations for Rasteau, version 13 October 2009
653:
or AOC. They are usually only sold on the premises.
633:
Many private wineries also produce wines including
3090:
AOC regulations for Cornas, version 28 October 2009
3348:AOC regulations for Tavel, version 20 October 2009
3303:AOC regulations for Lirac, version 14 October 2009
3025:Alexis Lichine's Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits
718:Côtes du Rhône-Villages together with village name
57:valley and produces numerous wines under various
5097:
385:, on the other hand, is predominantly made from
237:Viognier by itself is used for white wines from
2987:JP Bøger - JP/Politikens Forlagshus A/S, 2004.
2963:JP Bøger - JP/Politikens Forlagshus A/S, 2004.
2942:JP Bøger - JP/Politikens Forlagshus A/S, 2004.
645:- particularly from the Syrah grape - and even
3218:on National Institute of Origin & Quality
3206:on National Institute of Origin & Quality
3194:on National Institute of Origin & Quality
3182:on National Institute of Origin & Quality
520:, produced in the special microclimate of the
381:may contain even more varieties in the blend.
4589:
4476:
4190:
3427:
2912:Official Rhône wine trade association website
676:and are reprocessed into industrial alcohol.
353:The southern Rhône's most famous red wine is
401:. Similar wine blends globally are known as
4596:
4582:
4483:
4469:
4197:
4183:
3434:
3420:
602:. These are more similar to the wines of
333:The southern Rhône sub-region has a more
206:The northern Rhône is characterised by a
3397:
431:Côtes du Rhône Villages (named villages)
324:
189:
36:
4375:Clarification and stabilization of wine
3022:
271:- reds of Syrah and up to 20% Viognier.
14:
5098:
1544:(locally called Camarèse or Vaccarèse)
4577:
4464:
4178:
3415:
3396:
573:
198:grapes are produced stands above the
692:", or similar terms, in contrast to
656:Several wineries produce wines from
132:Syrah originated in the Rhône region
74:) and the Southern Rhône (in French
4603:
2917:INAO AOC/AOP IGP Vin Specifications
214:, which brings colder air from the
24:
3016:
746:
672:, occasionally become part of the
25:
5117:
3459:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
3375:
679:
545:
320:
185:
5081:
5069:
4438:
4146:
684:Rhône does not have an official
174:, or sell them to one of the 51
4490:
3356:
3341:
3326:
3311:
3296:
3281:
3266:
3251:
3236:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3158:
3143:
3128:
3113:
3098:
3083:
3068:
536:Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOC
480:Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AOC
234:practiced only for Côte-Rôtie.
60:Appellation d'origine contrôlée
4204:
3053:
3042:
3031:
3007:
2998:
2953:
2929:
2902:List of wine-producing regions
628:
13:
1:
4401:Glossary of viticulture terms
2922:
412:Southern Rhône appellations:
164:
4406:Glossary of winemaking terms
2383:Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains
2341:Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
658:organically cultivated vines
194:The steep hill on which the
7:
2895:
1424:Muscat de Beaumes de Venise
565:Côtes-du-Rhône Villages AOC
427:Côtes-du-Rhône Villages AOC
155:très petits et pauvres vins
10:
5122:
4326:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1387:
764:
563:and others may be labeled
277:- whites of Viognier only.
101:
29:
5011:
4990:
4964:
4773:
4662:
4611:
4498:
4434:
4416:History of the wine press
4383:
4367:
4339:
4306:Sparkling wine production
4291:
4273:
4240:
4212:
4140:
4079:
4041:
3936:
3913:
3796:
3683:
3671:
3564:
3492:
3449:
3409:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1381:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
788:
783:
778:
769:
761:
4411:Wine tasting descriptors
4132:Wine tasting descriptors
4061:Phenolic content in wine
3953:Alternative wine closure
3537:Great French Wine Blight
3441:
3023:Lichine, Alexis (1967).
4301:Malolactic fermentation
1399:Côtes du Rhône Villages
711:Côtes du Rhône-Villages
588:Grignan-Les Adhemar AOC
440:Grignan-Les Adhemar AOC
435:Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC
363:Grignan-Les Adhemar AOC
5106:Wine regions of France
4796:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1198:Muscat a petite grains
611:Costières de Nîmes AOC
330:
221:Syrah is the only red
203:
42:
32:Rhone (disambiguation)
4102:Wine and food pairing
1385:Regional appellations
600:Côtes du Vivarais AOC
475:Beaumes de Venise AOC
417:Côtes du Vivarais AOC
359:Côtes du Vivarais AOC
335:Mediterranean climate
328:
307:- reds of Syrah only.
283:- whites of Viognier.
193:
40:
4538:Languedoc-Roussillon
3753:Muscat of Alexandria
868:Sparkling Rose (AM)
580:Clairette de Die AOC
293:Crozes-Hermitage AOC
172:Cellier des Dauphins
30:For other uses, see
4331:Yeast in winemaking
4283:Carbonic maceration
1409:Châteauneuf-du-Pape
740:Châteauneuf-du-Pape
510:. Since about 1998
355:Châteauneuf-du-Pape
281:Château-Grillet AOC
208:continental climate
96:Châteauneuf-du-Pape
72:Rhône septentrional
53:is situated in the
4321:Traditional method
4122:Wine personalities
3826:Cabernet Sauvignon
819:Chatillon-en-Diois
584:Crémant de Die AOC
574:Other appellations
551:Côtes du Rhône AOC
534:) are made in the
422:Côtes du Rhône AOC
331:
204:
65:Côtes du Rhône AOC
43:
5057:
5056:
4571:
4570:
4563:South West France
4458:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4222:Late harvest wine
4172:
4171:
3909:
3908:
3806:Alicante Bouschet
3554:Judgment of Paris
2983:Niels Lillelund:
2959:Niels Lillelund:
2890:
2889:
1779:Clairette blanche
1404:Beaumes de Venise
1377:
1376:
1097:Clairette blanche
47:Rhône wine region
16:(Redirected from
5113:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5074:
5073:
5065:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4575:
4574:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4443:
4442:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4151:
4150:
4066:Proteins in wine
3733:Grüner Veltliner
3681:
3680:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3394:
3393:
3369:
3360:
3354:
3345:
3339:
3330:
3324:
3315:
3309:
3300:
3294:
3285:
3279:
3270:
3264:
3255:
3249:
3240:
3234:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3162:
3156:
3147:
3141:
3132:
3126:
3117:
3111:
3102:
3096:
3087:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3057:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2981:
2972:
2957:
2951:
2933:
1379:
1378:
824:Clairette de Die
794:Crozes-Hermitage
759:
758:
532:vin doux naturel
522:sillon rhodanien
287:Saint-Joseph AOC
247:Crozes-Hermitage
137:When the Romans
76:Rhône méridional
21:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5082:
5080:
5068:
5060:
5058:
5053:
5007:
4986:
4960:
4886:North Macedonia
4769:
4658:
4607:
4605:Wine by country
4602:
4572:
4567:
4494:
4489:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4445:Wine portal
4437:
4430:
4421:History of wine
4379:
4363:
4335:
4287:
4269:
4250:Deacidification
4236:
4208:
4203:
4173:
4168:
4153:Wine portal
4145:
4136:
4075:
4037:
3942:
3932:
3905:
3792:
3773:Sauvignon blanc
3708:Cayetana blanca
3676:
3674:grape varieties
3667:
3560:
3488:
3445:
3440:
3405:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3361:
3357:
3346:
3342:
3331:
3327:
3316:
3312:
3301:
3297:
3286:
3282:
3271:
3267:
3256:
3252:
3241:
3237:
3226:
3222:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3163:
3159:
3148:
3144:
3133:
3129:
3118:
3114:
3103:
3099:
3088:
3084:
3073:
3069:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3032:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2982:
2975:
2958:
2954:
2936:Niels Lillelund
2934:
2930:
2925:
2898:
2892:
2467:Piquepoul blanc
1372:
1363:
1321:
1277:
1243:
1234:
1223:
1183:
1176:
1141:
1127:
1120:
1066:
1059:
1039:
1022:
1013:
1006:
999:
969:
962:
955:
950:
943:
911:
904:
897:
892:
885:
862:Sparkling (AM)
775:Château-Grillet
749:
747:Grape varieties
720:is allowed for
682:
639:fortified wines
635:sparkling wines
631:
576:
548:
528:Fortified wines
323:
311:Saint-Péray AOC
243:Château-Grillet
188:
167:
104:
51:Southern France
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5119:
5109:
5108:
5091:
5090:
5078:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4956:United Kingdom
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4816:Czech Republic
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4601:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4488:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4465:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4311:Sugars in wine
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4260:Chaptalization
4257:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4179:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4087:Classification
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4071:Sugars in wine
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4043:Wine chemistry
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4018:Wine dispenser
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3821:Cabernet Franc
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3788:Welschriesling
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3743:Müller-Thurgau
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3510:Ancient Greece
3507:
3498:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3377:
3376:External links
3374:
3371:
3370:
3355:
3340:
3325:
3310:
3295:
3280:
3265:
3250:
3235:
3220:
3208:
3196:
3184:
3172:
3157:
3142:
3127:
3112:
3097:
3082:
3067:
3052:
3041:
3030:
3015:
3006:
2997:
2973:
2952:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:Piquepoul noir
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:Piquepoul gris
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1945:Grenache blanc
1941:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:Clairette rose
1839:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:Carignan blanc
1677:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:Côtes du Rhône
1390:
1389:
1388:Southern crus
1386:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
992:
986:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
964:
957:
952:
945:
940:
938:
936:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
906:
899:
894:
887:
882:
880:
878:
876:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
859:Red & Rose
857:
854:
851:
848:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
832:
830:
827:
826:
821:
816:
814:Cremant de Die
811:
809:Coteaux de Die
806:
801:
796:
787:
782:
777:
767:
766:
765:Northern Crus
763:
748:
745:
744:
743:
725:
715:
708:
705:Côtes du Rhône
686:classification
681:
680:Classification
678:
630:
627:
623:Côtes du Rhône
575:
572:
547:
546:Côtes du Rhône
544:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
445:Vacqueyras AOC
442:
437:
432:
429:
424:
419:
375:Vacqueyras AOC
322:
321:Southern Rhône
319:
315:
314:
308:
302:
296:
290:
284:
278:
272:
269:Côte-Rôtie AOC
216:Massif Central
187:
186:Northern Rhône
184:
166:
163:
103:
100:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5118:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5094:
5089:
5079:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5012:South America
5010:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4982:United States
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:North America
4963:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4861:Liechtenstein
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4587:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4481:
4479:
4474:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4433:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4195:
4193:
4188:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Acids in wine
4054:
4052:
4051:Aroma of wine
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3915:Major regions
3912:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:Montepulciano
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3388:
3386:
3384:(6 languages)
3383:
3380:
3379:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3217:
3212:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3188:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3034:
3026:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2994:
2993:87-567-7140-1
2990:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2970:
2969:87-567-7140-1
2966:
2962:
2956:
2949:
2948:87-567-7140-1
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2065:Grenache noir
2063:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Grenache gris
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1380:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
995:
993:
991:
988:
987:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
968:
965:
961:
958:
953:
949:
946:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
930:
929:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
910:
907:
903:
900:
895:
891:
888:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
872:
871:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
833:
831:
829:
828:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
791:
786:
781:
776:
772:
768:
760:
757:
755:
741:
737:
733:
729:
726:
723:
719:
716:
712:
709:
706:
703:
702:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
677:
675:
671:
666:
661:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
571:
568:
566:
562:
557:
552:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
523:
519:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
465:Vinsobres AOC
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
413:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Grenache noir
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
350:temperature.
348:
347:microclimates
344:
340:
336:
327:
318:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
299:Hermitage AOC
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
266:
265:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
232:
228:
224:
223:grape variety
219:
217:
213:
209:
201:
197:
196:Hermitage AOC
192:
183:
179:
177:
173:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
139:left the area
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
5093:
4644:South Africa
4552:
4543:Loire Valley
4436:
4293:Fermentation
4144:
4127:Wine tasting
3748:Muscat blanc
3718:Chenin blanc
3515:Ancient Rome
3358:
3343:
3328:
3313:
3298:
3283:
3268:
3253:
3238:
3223:
3211:
3199:
3187:
3175:
3160:
3145:
3130:
3115:
3100:
3085:
3070:
3055:
3044:
3033:
3024:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2985:Rhône-Vinene
2984:
2961:Rhône-Vinene
2960:
2955:
2940:Rhône-Vinene
2939:
2931:
2891:
2884:
2852:
2842:
2757:
2727:
2719:
2707:
2699:
2671:
2644:
2636:
2626:
2603:
2586:
2552:
2537:
2507:
2488:
2441:
2407:
2365:
2311:
2281:
2273:
2261:
2253:
2186:
2154:
2144:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2049:
2044:
2030:
2003:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1970:
1962:
1952:
1915:
1879:
1862:
1835:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1796:
1786:
1769:
1761:
1749:
1741:
1563:
1542:Brun Argenté
1534:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1495:
1485:
1460:Red and rosé
1445:Red and rosé
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1360:
1318:
1274:
1240:
1231:
1220:
1180:
1173:
1138:
1124:
1117:
1056:
1036:
1019:
1010:
1003:
996:
966:
959:
947:
908:
901:
889:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
799:Saint-Joseph
798:
793:
789:
784:
779:
774:
770:
753:
750:
727:
717:
710:
704:
683:
670:Vin de Table
662:
655:
632:
608:
577:
569:
556:(négociants)
555:
549:
540:Rasteau AOCs
526:
521:
516:
489:
460:Gigondas AOC
455:Cairanne AOC
411:
383:Gigondas AOC
352:
332:
316:
275:Condrieu AOC
263:
255:Saint Joseph
236:
220:
212:mistral wind
205:
180:
168:
158:
154:
136:
105:
75:
71:
69:
58:
46:
44:
18:Rhône (wine)
5003:New Zealand
4946:Switzerland
4891:Netherlands
4740:Philippines
4492:French wine
4396:Wine bottle
4368:Other steps
4359:Wine cellar
4316:Süssreserve
4008:Wine cellar
3998:Wine bottle
3939:accessories
3937:Packaging,
3896:Tempranillo
3525:Noah's wine
3505:Phoenicians
3451:Viticulture
3038:Inter Rhône
2907:French Wine
2737:Terret noir
1478:Bourboulenc
804:Saint-Péray
722:20 communes
665:Vin de Pays
629:Other wines
596:Ventoux AOC
592:Luberon AOC
500:Bourboulenc
450:Rasteau AOC
379:Ventoux AOC
259:Saint Péray
159:département
27:Wine region
4916:San Marino
4881:Montenegro
4866:Luxembourg
4720:Kazakhstan
4680:Azerbaijan
4508:Beaujolais
4275:Maceration
4265:Wine press
4255:Destemming
4206:Winemaking
4112:Wine fraud
4107:Wine fault
4092:Oenophilia
4028:Wine label
4023:Wine glass
3988:Port tongs
3886:Sangiovese
3881:Pinot noir
3841:Douce noir
3768:Rkatsiteli
3713:Chardonnay
3703:Catarratto
3677:by acreage
3651:Biodynamic
3614:Aromatized
3403:winemaking
3367:Légifrance
3352:Légifrance
3337:Légifrance
3322:Légifrance
3307:Légifrance
3292:Légifrance
3277:Légifrance
3262:Légifrance
3247:Légifrance
3232:Légifrance
3169:Légifrance
3154:Légifrance
3139:Légifrance
3124:Légifrance
3109:Légifrance
3094:Légifrance
3079:Légifrance
3064:Légifrance
2971:, p. 12-13
2923:References
2787:Ugni blanc
1439:Vacqueyras
1292:Pinot Noir
1250:Chardonnay
785:Côte-Rôtie
736:Côte-Rôtie
714:displayed.
492:Ugni blanc
345:, produce
339:irrigation
305:Cornas AOC
231:Cornas AOC
176:négociants
165:Production
5019:Argentina
4998:Australia
4735:Palestine
4523:Champagne
4227:Noble rot
4117:Winemaker
4097:Sommelier
4033:Wine rack
4013:Wine cork
4003:Wine cave
3993:Screw cap
3963:Corkscrew
3928:New World
3923:Old World
3901:Zinfandel
3876:Mourvèdre
3783:Trebbiano
3723:Colombard
3624:Noble rot
3604:Fortified
3582:Sparkling
3549:New World
2619:Roussanne
2291:Muscardin
2233:Mourvèdre
1224:max 5-10%
932:Roussanne
865:Sparkling
853:Sparkling
790:Hermitage
732:Hermitage
690:Grand cru
674:wine lake
643:varietals
641:, single
615:Languedoc
609:In 2004,
518:Tavel AOC
508:Clairette
496:Roussanne
485:Tavel AOC
470:Lirac AOC
391:Mourvèdre
371:Tavel AOC
367:Lirac AOC
251:Hermitage
227:Australia
88:Roussanne
5100:Category
5039:Paraguay
4931:Slovenia
4926:Slovakia
4901:Portugal
4801:Bulgaria
4755:Thailand
4670:Abkhazia
4649:Tanzania
4629:Ethiopia
4548:Provence
4518:Burgundy
4513:Bordeaux
4242:Pressing
4164:Glossary
4080:Industry
3973:Jug wine
3968:Decanter
3958:Box wine
3856:Isabella
3851:Grenache
3831:Carignan
3778:Sémillon
3763:Riesling
3758:Palomino
3501:Ancient
3484:Vineyard
3479:Veraison
3464:Oenology
2995:, pp. 13
2950:, pp. 12
2896:See also
2835:Viognier
2425:Picardan
2194:Marselan
2137:Marsanne
1895:Counoise
1633:Carignan
1414:Gigondas
1373:max 10%
1364:min 75%
1244:min 75%
1235:min 75%
1052:Viognier
874:Marsanne
771:Condrieu
698:Burgundy
694:Bordeaux
647:brandies
604:Provence
512:Viognier
399:Cinsault
395:Carignan
239:Condrieu
134:itself.
128:Syracuse
112:Viognier
92:Viognier
84:Marsanne
5062:Portals
5049:Uruguay
5024:Bolivia
4991:Oceania
4951:Ukraine
4906:Romania
4876:Moldova
4851:Ireland
4846:Hungary
4836:Germany
4831:Georgia
4821:Denmark
4806:Croatia
4791:Belgium
4786:Austria
4781:Albania
4765:Vietnam
4725:Lebanon
4675:Armenia
4654:Tunisia
4639:Namibia
4634:Morocco
4619:Algeria
4528:Corsica
4426:Terroir
4384:Related
4232:Vintage
4214:Harvest
4159:Outline
3983:Muselet
3945:storage
3836:Cinsaut
3811:Barbera
3738:Macabeo
3698:Aligoté
3656:Organic
3646:Natural
3599:Dessert
3544:Georgia
3494:History
3474:Terroir
3469:Species
1721:Cinsaut
1593:Calitor
1429:Rasteau
1382:Variety
1177:max 10%
1151:Aligoté
1128:min 55%
1067:max 20%
1023:min 90%
1014:min 85%
1007:min 80%
956:max 10%
944:max 15%
898:max 10%
886:max 15%
762:Variety
688:using "
504:Picpoul
343:Mistral
147:Avignon
124:Cyrus I
102:History
5088:France
5029:Brazil
4977:Mexico
4972:Canada
4941:Sweden
4921:Serbia
4911:Russia
4896:Poland
4841:Greece
4826:France
4811:Cyprus
4774:Europe
4760:Turkey
4750:Taiwan
4715:Jordan
4705:Israel
4685:Bhutan
4612:Africa
4503:Alsace
4391:Winery
4354:Solera
3978:Kvevri
3866:Merlot
3861:Malbec
3661:Kosher
3637:Other
3592:Orange
3565:Styles
3532:France
2991:
2967:
2946:
1472:White
1322:0-25%
1278:0-100%
1184:0-100%
970:0-100%
963:0-100%
951:0-100%
912:0-100%
905:0-100%
893:0-100%
850:White
780:Cornas
561:Laudun
506:, and
377:, and
257:, and
120:Shiraz
116:Greeks
5034:Chile
4936:Spain
4871:Malta
4856:Italy
4745:Syria
4730:Nepal
4710:Japan
4695:India
4690:China
4624:Egypt
4558:Savoy
4553:Rhône
4341:Aging
3891:Syrah
3846:Gamay
3816:Bobal
3728:Glera
3693:Airén
3685:White
3641:Table
3629:Straw
3619:Fruit
3577:White
3520:China
3399:Wines
2679:Syrah
1463:White
1457:White
1448:White
1434:Tavel
1419:Lirac
1334:Gamay
1121:100%
1040:0-25%
990:Syrah
856:White
845:White
839:White
200:Rhône
151:Dijon
143:moved
108:Syrah
80:Syrah
55:Rhône
5076:Wine
5044:Peru
4700:Iran
4663:Asia
4533:Jura
3943:and
3672:Top
3587:Rosé
3443:Wine
3401:and
2989:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2944:ISBN
1469:Rosé
1454:Rosé
1371:(A)
1145:(A)
1142:100%
1135:(A)
1065:(A)
1060:100%
1000:100%
954:(A)
942:(A)
896:(A)
884:(A)
738:and
651:VDQS
637:and
619:INAO
538:and
407:ripe
397:and
241:and
110:and
90:and
45:The
4349:Oak
3798:Red
3609:Ice
3572:Red
3365:on
3350:on
3335:on
3320:on
3305:on
3290:on
3275:on
3260:on
3245:on
3230:on
3167:on
3152:on
3137:on
3122:on
3107:on
3092:on
3077:on
3062:on
2881:(A)
2878:(A)
2873:(A)
2868:(A)
2865:(A)
2862:(A)
2857:(A)
2849:(A)
2839:(A)
2821:(A)
2816:(A)
2813:(A)
2810:(A)
2805:(A)
2802:(A)
2799:(A)
2794:(A)
2791:(A)
2779:(A)
2776:(A)
2771:(A)
2762:(A)
2754:(A)
2749:(A)
2746:(A)
2741:(A)
2716:(A)
2668:(A)
2665:(A)
2660:(A)
2655:(A)
2652:(A)
2649:(A)
2641:(A)
2633:(A)
2623:(A)
2611:(A)
2608:(A)
2600:(A)
2591:(A)
2583:(A)
2578:(A)
2575:(A)
2570:(A)
2504:(A)
2499:(A)
2496:(A)
2493:(A)
2485:(A)
2482:(A)
2479:(A)
2474:(A)
2471:(A)
2333:(A)
2330:(A)
2325:(A)
2316:(A)
2308:(A)
2303:(A)
2300:(A)
2295:(A)
2270:(A)
2250:(A)
2219:(A)
2198:(A)
2183:(A)
2180:(A)
2175:(A)
2170:(A)
2167:(A)
2164:(A)
2159:(A)
2151:(A)
2141:(A)
2057:(A)
2054:(A)
2035:(A)
2027:(A)
2022:(A)
2015:(A)
2000:(A)
1997:(A)
1975:(A)
1967:(A)
1959:(A)
1949:(A)
1937:(A)
1934:(A)
1929:(A)
1920:(A)
1912:(A)
1907:(A)
1904:(A)
1899:(A)
1887:(A)
1884:(A)
1876:(A)
1867:(A)
1859:(A)
1854:(A)
1847:(A)
1832:(A)
1829:(A)
1821:(A)
1809:(A)
1801:(A)
1793:(A)
1783:(A)
1766:(A)
1758:(A)
1746:(A)
1738:(A)
1733:(A)
1730:(A)
1725:(A)
1709:(A)
1673:(A)
1670:(A)
1667:(A)
1664:(A)
1657:(A)
1650:(A)
1645:(A)
1642:(A)
1637:(A)
1621:(A)
1585:(A)
1582:(A)
1577:(A)
1568:(A)
1560:(A)
1555:(A)
1552:(A)
1547:(A)
1531:(A)
1528:(A)
1520:(A)
1508:(A)
1500:(A)
1492:(A)
1482:(A)
1466:Red
1451:Red
842:Red
836:Red
728:Cru
696:or
403:GSM
145:to
49:in
5102::
2976:^
2938::
792:,
773:,
734:,
598:,
594:,
590:,
586:,
582:,
567:.
542:.
502:,
498:,
494:,
393:,
373:,
369:,
365:,
361:,
261:.
253:,
249:,
98:.
86:,
67:.
5064::
4597:e
4590:t
4583:v
4484:e
4477:t
4470:v
4198:e
4191:t
4184:v
3941:,
3435:e
3428:t
3421:v
2885:M
2853:M
2843:M
2758:M
2728:M
2724:S
2720:M
2708:M
2704:S
2700:M
2696:S
2691:S
2688:S
2683:S
2672:M
2645:M
2637:M
2627:M
2604:M
2587:M
2553:M
2538:M
2508:M
2489:M
2442:M
2408:M
2366:M
2312:M
2282:M
2278:S
2274:M
2262:M
2258:S
2254:M
2245:S
2242:S
2237:S
2187:M
2155:M
2145:M
2128:M
2123:M
2118:M
2113:M
2104:M
2099:M
2094:M
2089:M
2082:M
2077:M
2070:M
2050:M
2045:M
2031:M
2004:M
1993:M
1988:M
1981:M
1971:M
1963:M
1953:M
1916:M
1880:M
1863:M
1836:M
1825:M
1815:M
1805:M
1797:M
1787:M
1770:M
1762:M
1750:M
1742:M
1564:M
1535:M
1524:M
1514:M
1504:M
1496:M
1486:M
1361:M
1319:S
1275:M
1241:M
1232:M
1221:S
1181:M
1174:S
1139:M
1125:M
1118:M
1057:M
1037:S
1020:M
1011:M
1004:M
997:M
967:M
960:M
948:M
909:M
902:M
890:M
754:M
530:(
202:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
