540:
144:
25:
720:, the literary or pictorial interpretation of local everyday life, mannerisms, and customs, was also active in Galicia, as it was elsewhere in Spain. However, in Galicia it focused almost entirely on rural life. Urban narratives in Galician began to appear only toward the end of the 19th century, as in the work of
684:("Maxina or A Spurious Daughter") appeared in the 1880s in a series of inserts in a magazine; the manuscript dates from 1870). The book is particularly unusual in its mix of Galician and Castilian Spanish to suggest the bifurcated lives of its characters. The first drama in Galician was
633:
In 1886, for the first time, a literary contest was held, confined to
Galician-language works. Poetry was particularly prominent, and anthologies of Galician poetry began to appear. In a more political vein, that year saw the publication of
362:
From 1840 onward, groups of intellectuals saw
Galicia as a backward region whose advancement was dependent on the formation of a regional or national identity. This provincialist movement centered at the
359:
of 1846. The first phase involved a rather diffuse revival of the
Galician language; the second is more concentrated, including the first new Galician-language works in centuries to gain acclaim.
423:
The two foremost
Galician-language genres from this time were political writings and the revival of Galician as a literary language. The first of the political writings were linked to the
490:
as basically a
Galician form of artistic and political Romanticism. Some institutions developed during this period, such as an Academia Literaria de Santiago with its official organ
378:. This political and military defeat nonetheless awoke Galician literary consciousness. Authors who shared the idea of Galicia as their fatherland published in magazines such as
675:
721:
440:
680:
409:
699:
460:
368:
316:, a positive value was placed on regional traditions, languages, and dialects. In Galicia, Castilian Spanish had become the language of the cities and of the
476:
405:
566:
548:
515:
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641:
These years also saw the publication of many grammar books, dictionaries, and critical literary studies, and further history books, including another
400:
387:
143:
246:
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305:
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However, beginning in 1875 more works were published in
Galician, including, again, newspapers, the most famous of which was
364:
89:
997:
126:
61:
374:
The failed SolĂs
Uprising of 1846, an uprising against centralism, ended with the summary execution of the so-called
324:, with Castilian Spanish dominating literary and business use, and Galician being strictly a language of daily life.
108:
320:, while Galician had become a largely rural language without a live literary tradition. This created some degree of
68:
239:
183:
926:
795:
220:
394:(1865â1866) a heroic narrative of Galician history in six volumes. Important works from this period include the
1007:
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46:
75:
444:
42:
921:
210:
946:
888:
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833:
823:
583:
232:
57:
451:, and other polemics critical of the administrative situation of the region. On the literary front were
1002:
941:
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702:
is considered the true father of the
Galician novel. He wrote three novels, the best known of which is
539:
439:("Prowess of Galicia explained through the rustic conversation of two comrades Chinto and Mingote") by
312:. Languages besides the official Castilian Spanish were reevaluated. In contrast to the universalizing
689:
627:
420:("The Charity Album") and newspapers that published fragments of Galician-language novels and plays.
216:
602:
916:
645:
by Manuel MurguĂa. Furthermore, there was a recovery of the splendid works in
Galician by medieval
472:
443:(1812). Later, pamphlets and newspapers published polemics on both sides in the struggle between
35:
437:
Proezas de
Galicia explicadas baxo la conversaciĂłn rĂșstica de los dos compadres Chinto y Mingote
883:
597:("Galician Library") published 52 works beginning in 1885, including such prominent works as
780:
931:
838:
724:, urban, bourgeois, and psychological. This was a prelude to the innovative writers of the
578:, and there were no other significant publications in Galician for over a decade after the
313:
561:
543:
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501:
The intellectual heirs of this thwarted movement were a group of young people, among them
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8:
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135:
523:") marks the founding of the Liceo de la Juventud as a gathering place and a base for
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464:
435:("A farmer who was a sergeant", 1808) and several dialogues, the first of them being
309:
274:
266:
502:
498:. However, many of these institutions were repressed after the 1846 SolĂs Uprising.
356:
898:
811:
711:
706:("The Weaver of Bonabal"), published in installments in Galician newspapers. These
282:
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872:
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696:
506:
428:
424:
991:
707:
355:, two phases can be roughly distinguished, before and after the unsuccessful
168:
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273:
during the 19th century. Its central feature was the revitalization of the
956:
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193:
413:
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452:
448:
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321:
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163:
24:
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as a vehicle of social and cultural expression after the so-called
173:
158:
612:
1880 was a particularly outstanding year, with the publication of
936:
674:
The first significant published prose fiction in Galician was by
486:, while cautious in drawing conclusions, sees this phase of the
468:
560:
is conventionally considered to begin with the publication of
828:
810:
427:, viewed throughout Spain as a war of independence against
772:
Adra. Revista dos socios e socias do Museo do Pobo Galego
733:
There were very few theatrical works associated with the
570:
in 1863. Nonetheless, there is no sharp break from the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
714:are set at different points in Galician history.
989:
626:("Spines, Leaves, and Fronds. First Sprigs") by
655:. The first such work to be published was the
593:("Uncle Marcos from Portela", 1876â1889). The
337:
796:
479:was another author relevant in this period.
347:is referred to by literary historians as the
281:("dark centuries") in which the dominance of
240:
609:("Moans of the Pines") by Eduardo Pondal.
398:("Prowess of Galicia") by FernĂĄndez Neira,
327:
803:
789:
530:
247:
233:
624:Espiñas, follas e frores. Ramiño primeiro
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:19th-century Galician revivalist movement
538:
416:(1861), as well as publications such as
990:
768:Vida y obra de Evaristo Martelo PaumĂĄn
638:("The Precursors") by Manuel MurguĂa.
784:
618:("New Leaves") by RosalĂa de Castro,
463:, published in 1849 and centered on
365:University of Santiago de Compostela
269:for Resurgence) was a period in the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
285:was nearly complete. The Galician
14:
1019:
582:, a period that includes Spain's
513:. Their gathering in 1856 at the
455:(intended to be sung), one play (
586:and the subsequent liberal era.
367:; its most prominent figure was
335:The transitional phase from the
142:
23:
412:("Floral Games of Galicia") in
34:needs additional citations for
760:
747:
665:Cantigas de Alfonso X El Sabio
382:("The Galician Sentinel") and
1:
755:Historia da literatura galega
404:("The Galician Bagpipes") by
433:Un labrador que foi sarxento
408:(1853), the founding of the
7:
475:, and various other works.
10:
1024:
998:History of Galicia (Spain)
722:Francisco Ălvarez de Novoa
710:works with aspects of the
410:Juegos Florales de Galicia
819:
681:Maxina ou a filla espĂșrea
657:Cancionero de la Vaticana
471:, two books of poetry by
740:
676:Marcial Valladares NĂșñez
622:by Curros EnrĂquez, and
494:, and magazines such as
814:during the 19th century
753:Cf. Dolores Vilavedra,
690:Evaristo Martelo PaumĂĄn
628:ValentĂn Lamas Carvajal
601:("Airs of My Land") by
591:O TĂo Marcos da Portela
441:José Fernåndez de Neira
380:El Centinela de Galicia
159:Gallaeci (Celtic tribe)
704:A tecedeira de Bonabal
700:Antonio LĂłpez Ferreiro
603:Manuel Curros EnrĂquez
553:
492:El IdĂłlatra de Galicia
461:Antonio Benito Fandiño
418:El ĂĄlbum de la caridad
369:AntolĂn Faraldo Asorey
338:
1008:19th century in Spain
774:8 (2013), pp. 104-105
542:
473:Nicomedes Pastor DĂaz
766:Laura SuĂĄrez Llano,
659:(1875), followed by
384:La Aurora de Galicia
314:Age of Enlightenment
304:led to a revival of
43:improve this article
686:Rentar de Castromil
669:Cancionero de Ajuda
620:Aires da miña terra
607:Queixumes dos Pinos
599:Aires da miña terra
584:Glorious Revolution
289:coincides with the
154:Prehistoric Galicia
727:Irmandades da fala
643:History of Galicia
595:Biblioteca Gallega
554:
496:Revista de Galicia
406:Juan Manuel Pintos
396:Proezas de Galicia
392:History of Galicia
271:History of Galicia
199:Galicia at Present
179:Kingdom of Galicia
174:Brythonic Galicia
136:History of Galicia
1003:National revivals
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812:National revivals
580:Cantares Gallegos
567:Cantares Gallegos
564:'s book of poems
562:RosalĂa de Castro
549:Cantares Gallegos
544:RosalĂa de Castro
525:cultural activism
516:Banquete de Conxo
511:RosalĂa de Castro
484:Dolores Vilavedra
465:arranged marriage
376:Martyrs of Carral
310:Iberian Peninsula
283:Castilian Spanish
275:Galician language
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712:historical novel
661:Colocci Brancuti
572:Prerrexurdimento
488:Prerrexurdimento
353:Prerrexurdimento
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339:séculos escuros
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184:Compostelan Era
164:Roman Gallaecia
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507:Eduardo Pondal
503:Manuel MurguĂa
477:Francisco Añón
457:A casamenteira
425:Peninsular War
357:SolĂs Uprising
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58:"Rexurdimento"
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99:February 2010
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32:This article
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735:Rexurdimento
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667:(1889), and
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615:Follas Novas
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576:Rexurdimento
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558:Rexurdimento
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546:, author of
533:Rexurdimento
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345:Rexurdimento
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328:Road to the
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287:Rexurdimento
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262:Rexurdimento
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189:Rexurdimento
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
647:troubadours
453:villancicos
318:bourgeoisie
306:regionalism
302:Romanticism
194:Galicianism
992:Categories
947:Lithuanian
849:Belarusian
688:(1904) by
482:Professor
449:liberalism
445:absolutism
429:Napoleonic
295:Renaixença
69:newspapers
977:Ukrainian
952:Norwegian
927:Icelandic
922:Hungarian
859:Bulgarian
708:realistic
322:diglossia
912:Galician
889:Estonian
879:Croatian
839:Asturian
834:Armenian
824:Albanian
671:(1904).
663:(1889),
652:Cantigas
431:France:
414:A Coruña
267:Galician
221:Consorts
217:Monarchs
211:Timeline
127:a series
125:Part of
972:Turkish
967:Serbian
957:Occitan
942:Latvian
932:Italian
906:VormÀrz
904:German
899:Flemish
894:Finnish
871:(incl.
864:Catalan
854:Bengali
649:), the
574:to the
552:(1863).
469:sonnets
343:to the
308:in the
291:Catalan
83:scholar
962:Polish
937:Jewish
869:Celtic
844:Basque
678:. His
535:proper
509:, and
129:on the
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
917:Greek
884:Czech
873:Irish
741:Notes
697:canon
521:Conxo
90:JSTOR
76:books
829:Arab
695:The
605:and
556:The
531:The
447:and
259:The
62:news
770:,
630:.
459:by
371:.
45:by
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