304:, or from having the alveoli air spaces filled with external material such as debris or exudate in pneumonitis. As some diseases of the lung parenchyma progress, the normal lung tissue can be gradually replaced with scar tissue that is interspersed with pockets of air. This can lead to parts of the lung having a honeycomb-like appearance. The extrinsic causes result in lung restriction, impaired ventilatory function, and even respiratory failure due to the diseases that effect the lungs ability to create a change in lung volumes during respiration due to the diseases of the systems stated above.
584:
Lee, H., Lim, S., Kim, J., Ha, H., & Park, H. (2015). Comparison Of
Various Pulmonary Function Parameters In The Diagnosis Of Obstructive Lung Disease In Patients With Normal Fev1/FVC And Low FVC. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 191, American Journal of Respiratory and
299:
Restrictive lung disease is characterized by reduced lung volumes, and therefore reduced lung compliance, either due to an intrinsic reason, for example a change in the lung parenchyma, or due to an extrinsic reason, for example diseases of the chest wall, pleura, or respiratory muscles. Generally,
291:
In normal respiratory function, the air flows in through the upper airway, down through the bronchi and into the lung parenchyma (the bronchioles down to the alveoli) where gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs. During inspiration, the lungs expand to allow airflow into the lungs and
344:
Medical treatment for restrictive lung disease is normally limited to supportive care since both the intrinsic and extrinsic causes can have irreversible effects on lung compliance. The supportive therapies focus on maximizing pulmonary function and preserving activity tolerance through oxygen
700:
328:
however, the FEV1/FVC is less than 0.7, indicating that FEV1 is significantly reduced when compared to the total expired volume. This indicates that the FVC is also reduced, but not by the same ratio as FEV1.
448:
Amaral, André F.S.; Coton, Sonia; Kato, Bernet; Tan, Wan C.; Studnicka, Michael; Janson, Christer; Gislason, Thorarinn; Mannino, David; Bateman, Eric D.; Buist, Sonia; Burney, Peter G.J. (October 2015).
1148:
345:
therapy, bronchodilators, inhaled beta-adrenergic agonists, and diuretics. Because there is no effective treatment for restrictive lung disease, prevention is key.
90:
Due to the chronic nature of this disease, the leading symptom of restrictive lung disease is progressive exertional dyspnea. For acute on chronic cases,
133:
292:
thereby increasing total volume. After inspiration follows expiration during which the lungs recoil and push air back out of the pulmonary pathway.
503:
767:
300:
intrinsic causes are from lung parenchyma diseases that cause inflammation or scarring of the lung tissue, such as interstitial lung disease or
571:
1612:
1367:
595:
Brack T, Jubran A, Tobin MJ (May 2002). "Dyspnea and decreased variability of breathing in patients with restrictive lung disease".
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638:. Honan, Linda, 1955- (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013.
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Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine's Interactive Respiratory Physiology > Restrictive Ventilatory Defect
320:(FVC) are reduced, however, the decline in FVC is more than that of FEV1, resulting in a higher than 80%
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667:
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55:
1622:
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523:
eMedicine
Specialties > Pulmonology > Interstitial Lung Diseases > Restrictive Lung Disease
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Author: Lalit K Kanaparthi, MD, Klaus-Dieter
Lessnau, MD, Sat Sharma, MD. Updated: Jul 27, 2009
217:
79:
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914:
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317:
1531:
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451:"Tuberculosis associates with both airflow obstruction and low lung function: BOLD results"
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170:(ARDS), a severe lung condition occurring in response to a critical illness or injury.
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Restrictive lung diseases may be due to specific causes which can be intrinsic to the
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501:
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS A Workshop on Simple
Spirometry & Flow Volume Loops.
293:
466:
82:. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity.
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In restrictive lung disease, both forced expiratory volume in one second (
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caused by long-term exposure to dusts, especially in mining. For example,
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540:
Pathophysiology : introductory concepts and clinical perspectives
510:
Dr. S. Osborne, Dept. Cellular & Physiological
Sciences. Mars 2009
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728:
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71:
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429:"eMedicine - Restrictive Lung Disease : Article by Sat Sharma"
253:
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276:
268:
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is the difference of volume during inspiration and expiration.
239:
Conditions specifically affecting the interstitium are called
975:
95:
924:
313:
267:
Diseases restricting lower thoracic/abdominal volume (e.g.
518:
516:
136:, usually from the radiation given for cancer treatment.
66:
that restrict lung expansion, resulting in a decreased
775:
636:
Focus on adult health : medical-surgical nursing
513:
682:
537:
447:
16:Respiratory illnesses that restrict lung expansion
252:Nonmuscular diseases of the upper thorax such as
193:(have no known cause). Still, there is generally
164:due to an allergic reaction to inhaled particles.
1842:
594:
761:
336:which is 80% or less of the expected value.
154:As a consequence of another disease such as
588:
441:
389:
189:Many cases of restrictive lung disease are
768:
754:
570:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1368:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
496:
494:
474:
180:in the lungs of a baby born prematurely.
1392:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
542:. Frizzell, Joan Parker. Philadelphia.
395:
1843:
585:Critical Care Medicine, 2015, Vol.191.
491:
749:
630:
628:
626:
355:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
533:
531:
174:Infant respiratory distress syndrome
1825:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
168:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
102:are some of the more common signs.
13:
1414:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
777:Diseases of the respiratory system
623:
286:
209:, of which there are several types
14:
1867:
678:
528:
207:Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
114:of the lung, or extrinsic to it.
85:
1830:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
578:
386:Retrieved on February 25, 2010
377:
234:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
229:Langerhans' cell histiocytosis
34:Restrictive ventilatory defect
1:
1404:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
597:Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med
370:
339:
202:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
1387:Respiratory hypersensitivity
1325:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
455:European Respiratory Journal
307:
246:
162:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
117:
7:
1296:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
538:Capriotti, Theresa (2016).
467:10.1183/13993003.02325-2014
348:
10:
1872:
1149:Acute exacerbation of COPD
398:"Restrictive Lung Disease"
360:Extrapulmonary restriction
332:One definition requires a
241:interstitial lung diseases
1792:
1765:
1695:
1681:
1635:
1593:
1572:
1546:
1449:
1435:
1426:
1355:
1240:
1220:
1103:
1083:
923:
803:
783:
719:
686:
105:
52:Restrictive lung diseases
39:
29:
24:
1212:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
1205:Bronchiolitis obliterans
1071:Laryngotracheal stenosis
1018:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
996:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
954:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
882:Nasal septum perforation
365:Obstructive lung disease
326:obstructive lung disease
223:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
25:Restrictive lung disease
960:Retropharyngeal abscess
176:due to a deficiency of
70:, an increased work of
1653:Pulmonary hypertension
1382:Eosinophilic pneumonia
1034:Vocal cord dysfunction
877:Nasal septum deviation
666:: CS1 maint: others (
218:Eosinophilic pneumonia
139:Certain drugs such as
1780:Mediastinal emphysema
1559:Healthcare-associated
1489:Legionnaires' disease
915:Peritonsillar abscess
887:Nasal septal hematoma
318:forced vital capacity
275:, or the presence of
1527:Mendelson's syndrome
1399:Hamman–Rich syndrome
609:10.1164/rccm.2201018
273:diaphragmatic hernia
156:rheumatoid arthritis
64:respiratory diseases
1856:Respiratory therapy
1800:Respiratory failure
1767:Mediastinal disease
1335:Bird fancier's lung
910:Adenoid hypertrophy
334:total lung capacity
282:Pleural thickening.
100:respiratory failure
92:shortness of breath
1705:Pleuritis/pleurisy
1658:Pulmonary embolism
1554:Community-acquired
1479:Atypical bacterial
1378:Löffler's syndrome
1159:Status asthmaticus
1144:Chronic bronchitis
1029:Vocal fold paresis
843:Vasomotor rhinitis
720:External resources
506:2010-03-31 at the
302:pulmonary fibrosis
195:pulmonary fibrosis
134:Radiation fibrosis
54:are a category of
1838:
1837:
1788:
1787:
1745:Empyema/pyothorax
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1631:
1630:
1564:Hospital-acquired
1422:
1421:
1286:Caplan's syndrome
1079:
1078:
1024:Vocal fold nodule
848:Atrophic rhinitis
743:
742:
645:978-1-58255-877-6
549:978-0-8036-1571-7
74:, and inadequate
62:, or parenchymal
49:
48:
19:Medical condition
1863:
1723:Pleural effusion
1716:Hemopneumothorax
1693:
1692:
1447:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1276:Bauxite fibrosis
1241:External agents/
1238:
1237:
1169:Exercise-induced
1125:Acute bronchitis
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461:(4): 1104–1112.
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408:
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262:pectus excavatum
258:pectus carinatum
197:. Examples are:
22:
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1697:Pleural disease
1686:
1669:
1627:
1589:
1573:By distribution
1568:
1547:By vector/route
1542:
1440:
1428:
1418:
1373:Pulmonary edema
1351:
1246:
1242:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1181:Cystic fibrosis
1108:
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508:Wayback Machine
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294:Lung compliance
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1375:
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1345:Lycoperdonosis
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1313:
1308:
1303:
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1293:
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1256:Pneumoconiosis
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1215:
1214:
1209:
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1207:
1197:
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1176:Bronchiectasis
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986:Laryngeal cyst
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981:Laryngomalacia
978:
973:
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962:
957:
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939:
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734:article/301760
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687:Classification
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679:External links
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322:FEV1/FVC ratio
309:
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288:
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265:
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225:
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137:
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124:Pneumoconiosis
119:
116:
107:
104:
87:
84:
56:extrapulmonary
47:
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43:
37:
36:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1798:
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1795:
1793:Other/general
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1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Mediastinitis
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1518:noninfectious
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1427:Obstructive /
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1340:Farmer's lung
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1200:Bronchiolitis
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1712:Pneumothorax
1665:Lung abscess
1647:
1517:
1506:Pneumocystis
1467:Pneumococcal
1248:lung disease
1244:occupational
1226:
1222:Interstitial
1187:
1131:
1117:
1090:lung disease
1056:
1050:Epiglottitis
1040:
1008:
1002:Laryngospasm
966:
947:Strep throat
932:
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871:nasal septum
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432:. Retrieved
401:. Retrieved
391:
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331:
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298:
290:
238:
188:
184:Tuberculosis
149:methotrexate
109:
89:
86:Presentation
51:
50:
33:
1810:Common cold
1757:Fibrothorax
1740:Chylothorax
1735:Hydrothorax
1688:mediastinum
1648:circulatory
1643:Atelectasis
1450:By pathogen
1442:pneumonitis
1429:Restrictive
1409:Sarcoidosis
1281:Berylliosis
1227:restrictive
1188:unspecified
1110:obstructive
1093:(including
1010:vocal cords
942:Pharyngitis
905:Tonsillitis
860:Nasal polyp
795:common cold
788:(including
213:Sarcoidosis
80:oxygenation
76:ventilation
68:lung volume
45:Pulmonology
30:Other names
1845:Categories
1730:Hemothorax
1532:Aspiration
1494:Chlamydiae
1484:Mycoplasma
1472:Klebsiella
1330:Bagassosis
1316:Byssinosis
1291:Chalicosis
1266:Asbestosis
1261:Aluminosis
1195:Bronchitis
1066:Tracheitis
1042:epiglottis
991:Laryngitis
865:Rhinorrhea
434:2008-11-21
403:2008-04-19
371:References
340:Management
227:Pulmonary
191:idiopathic
178:surfactant
141:amiodarone
128:Asbestosis
112:parenchyma
1805:Influenza
1750:Malignant
1513:Parasitic
1462:Bacterial
1437:Pneumonia
1306:Silicosis
1301:Siderosis
1271:Baritosis
1105:Bronchial
853:Hay fever
822:Sinusitis
729:eMedicine
662:cite book
654:756895022
566:cite book
558:900626405
308:Diagnosis
247:Extrinsic
145:bleomycin
118:Intrinsic
72:breathing
41:Specialty
1820:COVID-19
1613:BOOP-COP
1580:Broncho-
1523:Chemical
1311:Talcosis
1232:fibrosis
1085:Lower RT
838:Rhinitis
785:Upper RT
617:11991875
504:Archived
485:26113680
349:See also
254:kyphosis
1132:chronic
1058:trachea
934:pharynx
814:sinuses
476:4594762
277:ascites
269:obesity
78:and/or
60:pleural
1501:Fungal
1155:Asthma
968:larynx
897:tonsil
710:518.89
652:
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615:
556:
546:
483:
473:
316:) and
106:Causes
98:, and
1636:Other
1585:Lobar
1536:Lipid
1457:Viral
1356:Other
1118:acute
1095:LRTIs
1020:(LPR)
998:(LPR)
976:Croup
956:(LPR)
790:URTIs
324:. In
96:cough
1815:SARS
1618:NSIP
1363:ARDS
1164:AERD
1139:COPD
925:Neck
830:nose
805:Head
705:9-CM
668:link
650:OCLC
640:ISBN
613:PMID
572:link
554:OCLC
544:ISBN
481:PMID
314:FEV1
260:and
147:and
1608:DIP
1603:UIP
1595:IIP
701:ICD
605:doi
601:165
471:PMC
463:doi
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