25:
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potentially disk-intensive process. One workaround is to "pad out" the leading INFO chunk using dummy data (using a "dummy chunk" or "pad chunk") when the file is created. Later editing can then expand or contract the "dummy" field to keep the total size of the file header constant: an intelligently written piece of software can then overwrite just the file header when tagging data is changed, without modifying or moving the main body of the file.
399:
For cataloguing purposes, the optimal position for the INFO chunk is near the beginning of the file. However, since the INFO chunk is optional, it is often omitted from the detailed specifications of individual file formats, leading to some confusion over the correct position for this chunk within a
407:
Some programs have tried to address the problem by placing the INFO chunk at the end of a media file, after the main body of the file. This has resulted in two different conventions for chunk placement, with the attendant risk that some combinations of software can cause a file's INFO data to be
403:
When dealing with large media files, the expansion or contraction of the INFO chunk during tag-editing can result in the following "data" section of the file having to be read and rewritten back to disk to accommodate the new header size. Since media files can be gigabytes in size, this is a
361:
The optional INFO chunk allows RIFF files to be "tagged" with information falling into a number of predefined categories, such as copyright ("ICOP"), comments ("ICMT"), artist ("IART"), in a standardised way. These details can be read from a RIFF file even if the rest of the file format is
419:
10 nominally uses a RIFF file structure, the program's initial release placed the INFO chunk at the end, so that any embedded preview bitmap would not be displayed under
Windows' file manager by default. A "patch" utility supplied with the program fixes this problem.
362:
unrecognized. The standard also allows the use of user-defined fields. Programmers intending to use non-standard fields should bear in mind that the same non-standard subchunk ID may be used by different applications in different (and potentially incompatible) ways.
408:
ignored or permanently overwritten during editing. More sophisticated programs will take into account the possibility of "unexpected" chunk placement in files and respond accordingly. For instance, when the audio-editing program
379:
format used for storing song information to be played on electronic musical instruments. Microsoft's MIDI file format consisted of a standard MIDI file enclosed in a RIFF wrapper, and had the file extension
384:. Since the existing MIDI file format already supported embedded "tagging" information, this caused the disadvantage of having to deal with two file formats for the same type of information.
317:
Two chunk identifiers, "RIFF" and "LIST", introduce a chunk that can contain subchunks. The RIFF and LIST chunk data (appearing after the identifier and length) have the following format:
321:
4 bytes: an ASCII identifier for this particular RIFF or LIST chunk (for RIFF in the typical case, these 4 bytes describe the content of the entire file, such as "AVI " or "WAVE").
387:
The MIDI Manufacturers
Association have since embraced the RIFF-based MIDI file format, and used it as the basis of an "extended midifile" that also includes instrument data in "
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The file itself consists of one RIFF chunk, which then can contain further subchunks: hence, the first four bytes of a correctly formatted RIFF file will spell out "RIFF".
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encounters a .WAV file with end-placed INFO data, it will correctly identify and read the data, but on saving, will relocate the INFO chunk back to the file header.
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In line with their policy of using .RIFF for all
Windows 3.1 "multimedia" files, Microsoft introduced a new variant on the existing
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713:(Full draft). Sustainability of Digital Formats. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 16 September 2004
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486:// time in seconds - "concatenate" date & time elements with a decimal point delimiter
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integer with the length of this chunk (except this field itself and the chunk identifier).
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The field consists of two values (v and v) separated with a space (0x20). Sample code:
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195:. It is primarily used for audio and video, though it can be used for arbitrary data.
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546:// shift basis from Jan 1, 1601 to Unix epoch Jan 1, 1970 (369 years & leap days)
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variable-sized field: the chunk data itself, of the size given in the previous field.
300:
identifier for this chunk (examples are "fmt " and "data"; note the space in "fmt ").
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is a multichannel file format based on RIFF specification, developed by the
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The
Microsoft implementation is mostly known through container formats like
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353:. It does so by providing a "ds64" chunk with a 64-bit (8-byte) size.
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RIFF information tags are found in WAV audio and AVI video files.
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Multimedia
Programming Interface and Data Specifications 1.0
266:. A RIFX format, which is big-endian, was also introduced.
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More information about the RIFF format can be found in the
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Encyclopedia of
Graphics File Formats, Second Edition
16:
Tagged file structure for multimedia resource files
2740:
394:
273:picture format, which uses RIFF as a container.
680:(the generic format that RIFF is an example of)
740:. IBM / Microsoft. August 1991. pp. 10–11
581:
391:" format, embedded within the same .RMI file.
349:-compatible and allows file sizes to exceed 4
313:a pad byte, if the chunk's length is not even.
905:
912:
898:
787:James D. Murray; William vanRyper (1996).
860:Resource Interchange File Format Services
759:"RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format)"
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
356:
32:This article includes a list of general
710:RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format)
365:
303:4 bytes: an unsigned, little-endian 32-
2754:Computer-related introductions in 1991
2741:
811:from the original on November 28, 2005
780:
292:All chunks have the following format:
285:". The overall format is identical to
893:
632:(An image format developed by Google)
371:Initial difficulties with MIDI files
18:
477:Converting DTIM time to normal time
226:and used as the default format for
13:
2703:Comparison of audio coding formats
751:
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2765:
853:
457:ICC Profile "dtim" format values
423:
230:multimedia files. It is based on
210:, which use RIFF as their basis.
608:(CorelDRAW vector graphics file)
281:RIFF files consist entirely of "
181:Resource Interchange File Format
23:
663:format from which RIFF derives)
218:RIFF was introduced in 1991 by
2265:ISO/IEC base media file format
822:
725:
701:
642:console audio format based on
276:
269:In 2010 Google introduced the
1:
694:
395:INFO chunk placement problems
7:
880:Multimedia Registration Kit
650:
582:Some common RIFF file types
343:European Broadcasting Union
254:integers are stored in the
191:for storing data in tagged
102:; 33 years ago
10:
2770:
2708:Comparison of video codecs
1218:(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1)
614:(Animated Windows cursors)
246:convention of the Amiga's
213:
145:, PAL, RDIB, RMIDI, RMMP,
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602:(Windows "RIFF MIDIfile")
165:
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134:
124:
114:
96:
86:
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324:rest of data: subchunks.
88:Internet media type
2532:Alliance for Open Media
875:DirectMusic file format
865:RIFF AVI file reference
333:Interchange File Format
250:CPU, but in RIFF multi-
232:Interchange File Format
129:Interchange File Format
53:more precise citations.
1452:MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)
2749:Computer file formats
2470:QuickTime File Format
674:Broadcast Wave Format
626:(Downloadable Sounds)
596:(Windows audiovisual)
357:Use of the INFO chunk
2729:Compression software
2286:MPEG media transport
1363:Sorenson Video/Spark
763:Digital Preservation
366:Compatibility issues
187:) is a generic file
2727:for techniques and
2725:Compression methods
1221:HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)
767:Library of Congress
262:processors used in
83:
870:Reading WAVE files
797:. Microsoft RIFF.
264:IBM PC compatibles
125:Extended from
92:application/x-riff
81:
2736:
2735:
2510:
2509:
2428:DivX Media Format
2216:
2215:
2001:
2000:
1401:
1400:
1291:Microsoft Video 1
1226:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)
1212:(GB/T 20090.2/16)
474:
473:
451:DateTimeOriginal
178:
177:
79:
78:
71:
2761:
2502:VOB, IFO and BUP
2276:Motion JPEG 2000
2227:
2226:
2014:
2013:
1973:aptX Low Latency
1750:Chinese Standard
1414:
1413:
1203:Chinese Standard
975:Motion JPEG 2000
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830:"RIFF Container"
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189:container format
171:
158:
135:Extended to
119:Container format
110:
108:
103:
100:August 1991
84:
80:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
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2008:
1997:
1793:
1765:(GB/T 33475.3)
1759:(GB/T 20090.10)
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1722:
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1598:
1513:
1509:MPEG-H 3D Audio
1435:MPEG-1 Layer II
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590:(Windows audio)
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443:Values / notes
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368:
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279:
242:. IFF uses the
238:in 1985 on the
236:Electronic Arts
216:
166:
153:
106:
104:
101:
97:Initial release
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
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11:
5:
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2713:List of codecs
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2515:Collaborations
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2281:MPEG-21 Part 9
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2270:MPEG-4 Part 14
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1790:(SJ/T 11299.4)
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1447:MPEG-1 Layer I
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1053:Part 2 / LCEVC
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854:External links
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2047:CCITT Group 4
2045:
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2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2004:
1994:
1991:
1989:
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1978:aptX Adaptive
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1728:Bluetooth SIG
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1474:MPEG Surround
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1025:
1024:Part 2 / HEVC
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:Part 33 / IVC
1010:
1008:
1007:Part 10 / AVC
1005:
1003:
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837:
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831:
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804:1-56592-161-5
800:
796:
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783:
768:
764:
760:
754:
736:
735:
728:
712:
711:
704:
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689:
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673:
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668:
665:
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658:
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645:
641:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
585:
555:TimeInSeconds
549:UnixTimeStamp
489:TimeInSeconds
482:
470:
467:
464:
461:
460:
456:
453:
450:
447:
446:
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439:
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363:
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309:
306:
302:
299:
295:
294:
293:
290:
288:
284:
274:
272:
267:
265:
261:
258:order of the
257:
256:little-endian
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
211:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
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173:
169:
164:
160:
156:
151:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
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120:
117:
113:
99:
95:
91:
89:
85:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2484:
1779:(GB/T 22726)
1440:Multichannel
1296:MSU Lossless
1210:AVS1 P2/AVS+
1164:TrueMotion S
1102:H.265 / HEVC
1048:Part 1 / EVC
1036:Part 3 / VVC
1002:Part 2 / ASP
839:. Retrieved
833:
824:
813:. Retrieved
789:
782:
771:. Retrieved
769:. 2014-01-08
762:
753:
742:. Retrieved
733:
727:
715:. Retrieved
709:
703:
688:Magic number
480:
427:
414:
406:
402:
398:
386:
374:
360:
337:
330:
327:
316:
296:4 bytes: an
291:
280:
268:
217:
197:
184:
180:
179:
65:
59:January 2019
56:
37:
2497:MOD and TOD
2438:Flash Video
2376:3GP and 3G2
2057:HEIC / HEIF
2009:compression
1769:Audio Vivid
1504:MPEG-D USAC
1499:MPEG-4 CELP
1494:MPEG-4 HVXC
1409:compression
1241:Apple Video
1157:and AOMedia
1107:H.266 / VVC
1097:H.264 / AVC
939:compression
924:compression
835:Google Code
717:13 December
638:(Microsoft
277:Explanation
228:Windows 3.1
168:Free format
155:Open format
51:introducing
2743:Categories
2731:for codecs
2678:Daubechies
2653:Transforms
2555:Arithmetic
2222:Containers
1927:True Audio
1771:(GY/T 363)
1489:MPEG-4 DST
1484:MPEG-4 SLS
1479:MPEG-4 ALS
1353:SheerVideo
1327:QuickTime
1155:TrueMotion
921:Multimedia
815:2016-04-07
773:2014-03-11
744:2017-07-07
695:References
661:big-endian
244:big-endian
34:references
2480:RealMedia
2082:JPEG 2000
1885:RealAudio
1865:OptimFROG
1343:RealVideo
1331:Animation
1301:OMS Video
928:container
885:Tag Names
841:1 October
620:(Palette)
465:TapeName
440:Writable
437:Tag name
417:CorelDRAW
415:Although
377:MIDI file
351:gigabytes
335:article.
220:Microsoft
2599:Lossless
2565:Modified
2458:Matroska
2337:Matroska
2248:MPEG-PES
1860:Musepack
1757:AVS1 P10
1336:Graphics
1286:Lagarith
809:Archived
795:O'Reilly
651:See also
640:Xbox 360
410:Audacity
345:. It is
2673:Wavelet
2614:DEFLATE
2560:Huffman
2550:Entropy
2542:Methods
2527:MPEG LA
2416:Smacker
2304:H.222.0
2260:MPEG-TS
2255:MPEG-PS
2243:MPEG-ES
2127:TIFF/IT
2122:TIFF/EP
2107:JPEG XT
2102:JPEG XS
2097:JPEG XR
2092:JPEG XL
2087:JPEG-LS
1968:aptX HD
1948:WavPack
1890:RTAudio
1830:Codec 2
1763:AVS2 P3
1690:GSM-EFR
1660:AMR-WB+
1594:G.729.1
1574:G.723.1
1564:G.722.2
1559:G.722.1
1358:Smacker
1348:RTVideo
1276:Huffyuv
1256:Cinepak
1216:AVS2 P2
930:formats
644:WMA Pro
434:Tag ID
214:History
107:1991-08
105: (
47:improve
2475:RatDVD
2369:Others
2136:Others
1938:VMR-WB
1933:TwinVQ
1798:Others
1685:GSM-FR
1680:GSM-HR
1670:EVRC-B
1655:AMR-WB
1627:Vorbis
1467:AAC-LD
1462:HE-AAC
1368:Theora
1311:ProRes
1306:Pixlet
1234:Others
1043:MPEG-5
1031:MPEG-I
1019:MPEG-H
997:MPEG-4
990:Part 2
985:MPEG-2
980:MPEG-1
801:
684:FourCC
561:134774
400:file.
283:chunks
193:chunks
36:, but
2696:Lists
2641:ADPCM
2636:µ-law
2631:A-law
2604:Lossy
2577:ACELP
2522:NETVC
2347:SMPTE
2309:T.802
2296:ITU-T
2272:(MP4)
2072:JBIG2
2035:ITU-T
2007:Image
1943:VSELP
1920:SVOPC
1910:Siren
1880:RCELP
1875:QCELP
1820:ATRAC
1805:ACELP
1622:Speex
1589:G.729
1584:G.728
1579:G.726
1569:G.723
1554:G.722
1549:G.719
1544:G.718
1537:µ-law
1532:A-law
1527:G.711
1519:ITU-T
1407:Audio
1281:Indeo
1261:Daala
1117:SMPTE
1092:H.263
1087:H.262
1082:H.261
1077:H.120
1065:ITU-T
970:MJPEG
937:Video
738:(PDF)
659:(the
462:TAPE
448:DTIM
298:ASCII
240:Amiga
2723:See
2668:MDCT
2646:DPCM
2592:WLPC
2582:CELP
2485:RIFF
2463:WebM
2453:M2TS
2443:HEIF
2411:Bink
2391:AIFF
2319:IETF
2208:WebP
2203:WBMP
2198:QTVR
2178:ICER
2173:FLIF
2163:DjVu
2153:AVIF
2143:APNG
2117:TIFF
2077:JPEG
2067:JBIG
2062:HEVC
2039:JPEG
2026:IETF
1993:LLAC
1988:LHDC
1983:LDAC
1963:aptX
1924:TTA
1905:SILK
1845:MELP
1840:Lyra
1835:iSAC
1825:CELT
1815:Asao
1810:ALAC
1788:ExAC
1783:L2HC
1713:AC-4
1708:AC-3
1700:ETSI
1665:EVRC
1642:3GPP
1632:FLAC
1617:iLBC
1612:Opus
1604:IETF
1427:MPEG
1393:YULS
1373:Thor
1321:4444
1271:FFV1
1251:Bink
1145:VC-6
1140:VC-5
1135:VC-3
1130:VC-2
1125:VC-1
1069:VCEG
957:MPEG
926:and
843:2010
799:ISBN
719:2021
667:AIFF
630:WebP
573:3600
382:.RMI
339:RF64
271:WebP
252:byte
222:and
206:and
185:RIFF
82:RIFF
2683:DWT
2663:FFT
2658:DCT
2626:PCM
2619:LZW
2587:LSP
2572:LPC
2490:WAV
2448:IFF
2433:EVO
2423:BMP
2406:BPG
2396:AVI
2386:ASF
2381:AMV
2360:MXF
2355:GXF
2332:Ogg
2327:RTP
2235:IEC
2231:ISO
2193:QOI
2188:PGF
2183:MNG
2168:EXR
2158:BPG
2148:AV1
2112:PNG
2052:GIF
2031:W3C
2022:ISO
2018:IEC
1958:MQA
1953:WMA
1915:SMV
1900:SHN
1895:SD2
1870:OSQ
1855:MT9
1777:DRA
1741:LC3
1736:SBC
1718:DTS
1675:EVS
1650:AMR
1457:AAC
1422:IEC
1418:ISO
1388:XEB
1383:WMV
1316:422
1266:DVI
1246:AVS
1194:AV1
1189:VP9
1184:VP8
1179:VP7
1174:VP6
1169:VP3
952:IEC
948:ISO
678:TLV
672:BWF
657:IFF
636:XMA
624:DLS
618:PAL
612:ANI
606:CDR
600:RMI
594:AVI
588:WAV
389:DLS
347:BWF
305:bit
287:IFF
260:x86
224:IBM
208:WAV
204:ANI
200:AVI
174:Yes
161:Yes
147:WAV
143:ANI
139:AVI
2745::
2609:LZ
2401:AU
2233:,
2037:,
2033:,
2028:,
2024:,
2020:,
1420:,
1378:Ut
1067:,
965:DV
954:,
950:,
832:.
807:.
793:.
765:.
761:.
567:24
543:);
540:-7
531:10
513:32
468:N
454:N
202:,
141:,
1424:,
913:e
906:t
899:v
845:.
818:.
776:.
747:.
721:.
690:)
646:)
576:;
570:*
564:*
558:-
552:=
537:(
534:^
528:*
525:)
522:v
519:+
516:)
510:^
507:2
504:(
501:*
498:v
495:(
492:=
183:(
170:?
157:?
109:)
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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