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222:, an Egyptian publisher of about 250 scientific journals that Wiley acquired in 2021. The article detailed how the research paper mill fraud worked, and highlighted individual efforts to identify and prevent future fraud. The article also warned that artificial intelligence was going to make fraud more difficult to detect.
56:, and some journals are revamping their review processes." Chinese researchers have been identified as particularly prevalent customers of paper mill services. Differing estimates put the share of paper mill productions between 2% and 20% of published academic papers, with particularly severe problems in some areas of
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The report identified hundreds of published academic papers where positions for authorship had been sold through a
Russian website allowing researchers to pay for academic prestige without requiring legitimate research contributions. During the three-year period analyzed, 419 articles were identified
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were found to coordinate sale of authorship across four different MDPI journals, totalling over 20 papers (picture, right). Beyond collusion between editors and
International Publisher Ltd., many legitimate research papers also sold authorship unknown to the journal editors, and were ultimately
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In some cases, paper mills are sophisticated operations that sell authorship positions on legitimate research, but in many cases the papers contain fraudulent data and can be heavily plagiarized or otherwise unprofessional. According to a report from
178:) alone, seemingly coordinated through the involvement of journal editors hosting Special Issues with space for coauthors auctioned off for anywhere from $ 180–5000 USD. In a separate network, guest editors and salaried academic editors for
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that were matched to manuscripts later published in many different academic journals, with a significant bias towards publications in
476:"Publication and collaboration anomalies in academic papers originating from a paper mill: evidence from a Russia-based paper mill"
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Depiction of a coordinated publishing ring associated with paper mill
International Publisher Ltd. Figure 4 from Abalkina (2022).
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is a business that publishes poor or fake journal papers that seem to resemble genuine research, as well as sells authorship.
218:. More that 11,300 papers were retracted, and 19 journals were reportedly closed. The problematic papers were linked to
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272:"Systematic manipulation of the publishing process via paper mills: Forum discussion topic September 2020"
543:"Publication and Collaboration Anomalies in Academic Papers Originating From a Russian-Based Paper Mill"
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207:. As of April 6, 2022, many of these publishers have opened an investigation into the matter.
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301:"Science's fake-paper problem: high-profile effort will tackle paper mills"
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News department covered a report exposing a
Russian paper mill company
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published a report on fake studies that affected New Jersey publisher
432:"China's fake science industry: how 'paper mills' threaten progress"
351:"The fight against fake-paper factories that churn out sham science"
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Organisation that produces and sells fraudulent research manuscripts
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518:"Academic fraud factories are booming, warns plagiarism sleuth"
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19:"Academic paper mill" redirects here. Not to be confused with
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International
Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning
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349:Else, Holly; Van Noorden, Richard (2021-03-23).
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474:Abalkina, Anna (October 2023).
276:Committee on Publication Ethics
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403:Chawla, Dalmeet (2022-04-06).
232:Academic mill (disambiguation)
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522:Times Higher Education (THE)
163:International Publisher Ltd.
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376:10.1038/d41586-021-00733-5
325:10.1038/d41586-024-00159-9
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87:). It is an instance of
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189:Oxford University Press
176:Kassel University Press
153:Times Higher Education
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640:Plagiarism in science
635:Scientific misconduct
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121:scientific literature
101:academic ghostwriting
630:Academic terminology
547:Peer Review Congress
247:Predatory publishing
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99:, more specifically
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367:2021Natur.591..516E
317:2024Natur.626...17S
212:Wall Street Journal
125:scientific journals
115:, and sometimes to
105:medical ghostwriter
89:academic dishonesty
73:academic publishing
63:It is a problem of
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168:predatory journals
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81:scientific writing
69:research integrity
604:. January 5, 2021
503:10.1002/leap.1574
361:(7851): 516–519.
252:Publish or perish
210:In May 2024, the
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107:. It may include
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113:junk science
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117:retractions
58:biomedicine
624:Categories
552:2023-03-15
528:2023-03-15
493:2112.13322
436:www.ft.com
414:2022-04-12
282:2021-03-30
258:References
242:Essay mill
97:authorship
91:involving
71:affecting
32:paper mill
21:Essay mill
602:Wiley.com
385:33758408
333:38243120
226:See also
185:Elsevier
155:and the
139:Examples
28:research
608:May 24,
582:May 15,
454:Science
438:. 2023.
363:Bibcode
313:Bibcode
220:Hindawi
119:in the
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355:Nature
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305:Nature
278:(COPE)
203:, and
54:Russia
41:Nature
488:arXiv
216:Wiley
131:, or
46:China
610:2024
584:2024
381:PMID
329:PMID
180:MDPI
95:and
83:and
67:and
52:and
50:Iran
30:, a
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359:591
321:doi
309:626
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103:or
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