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therapist accomplishes this by partaking in child-rearing acts such as bottle feeding, lap pillows, and other techniques wherein the client consciously adopts physical positions and behaviors of a small child. These actions will also gain the client's trust in the therapist as his or her new parent. Once the ideal level of closeness is achieved, the therapist can finally proceed to providing the messages that reform the client's negative way of thinking by lecturing, entering discussions, or other forms of communication appropriate in a parent-child relationship.
197:. Human subjects were divided into two groups, a treatment group that consisted of 10 people, and a control group that consisted of 12 people. The sample group was made up of students and staff from a rural university, and only the treatment group went through self-reparenting treatment. The subjects were given questionnaires to measure their level of self-esteem before and after treatment. The result showed that subjects that received self-reparenting had significantly increased levels of self-esteem while the control group had decreased levels of self-esteem.
77:
is vulnerable to new experiences, called the child ego state in transactional analysis theory. Once the client is in the child ego state, the therapist adopts the role of the client's parent and attempts to correctly reparent the client. The nature of reparenting by the therapist should be more positive and influence the client into developing a healthier parent ego state, which ultimately negates the psychological problems the client may have experienced before reparenting therapy.
168:. Dr. Kline theorized that the patient's anorexia was due to her mother's strict expectations. Reparenting was then used to counteract the negative influence of the patient's mother's parenting style. According to the patient, the therapy was a success, and she now lives with more confidence in her image as suggested by her therapist's reparenting.
185:
The results show that the subjects going through reparenting treatment at the
Cathexis and Lafayette Institute had a mean tryptophan reuptake of 3.32 and 3.75 respectively. The control group had a group mean of 2.13. The numbers show that subjects that received reparenting had significantly higher tryptophan reuptake at the end of the experiment.
133:
Self-reparenting was developed by Muriel James. Unlike prior forms of reparenting, James's form of reparenting did not attempt to totally replace the parent ego state of the client. Instead, the therapy confirms the positive aspects already apparent in the client's ego. The client is also the primary
262:
This problem is especially true for total regression reparenting. Clients in therapy are totally immersed in an environment that promotes regression into the child ego state. However, during this time at which the client may spend months or years, the client is left at the mercy of the therapist and
184:
reuptake. In the study, 20 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were divided into three groups: a group going through reparenting treatment at the
Cathexis Institute, a group going through separate treatment at the Lafayette Institute, and a control group that did not receive reparenting treatment.
146:
patients. But unlike both Schiff and Wilson, Del Casale proposes that the therapist does not play the role of the parent for the client. Instead, Del Casale had the client's actual parents become an active participator in the therapy. Del Casale bases this model on the belief that some parts of the
76:
theory, reparenting seeks to treat problems associated with defective parenting. The theory of reparenting states that psychological problems due to defective parenting can be overcome by reforming the parent ego state of the client. This is achieved by regressing the client to a state of mind that
253:
There is no way to objectively determine the success in completely replacing the client's parent ego state after reparenting therapy. The therapist can only rely on the client's subjective statement, which may conflict with the therapist's account of the results. This conflict leads to questioning
235:
among practitioners. In addition, the definitions of commonly used terms differ in definition among practitioners. The vagueness produced by these two weaknesses present danger of miscommunication between the therapist and the patient during treatment. The patient may also not fully understand the
209:
in jail, who were between the ages of eleven and eighteen. In the study, all of the subjects received exactly the same treatment to support the theory that the effects of self-reparenting can be directly replicated. According to the results, twenty seven of the twenty eight subjects expressed less
103:
theory. Typically, the patient lives with the therapist for up to several years at an institution. During this time, the patient is totally immersed in the reliving of his or her childhood. The therapist provides all the care and nurturing with the goal of totally reforming the client's parent ego
244:
The nature of reparenting often requires the therapist to develop a close relationship with the client. There is no protocol to provide the boundary as to what the therapist can or cannot do. Often, it is up to the therapist to determine the plan of action to take when faced with a dilemma during
59:
theory. She would dub this form of therapy as total regression reparenting. Schiff and her followers claimed success with curing clients with schizophrenia using reparenting, which resulted in the expansion of its practice. The promising findings of reparenting by Schiff led other therapists to
85:
Due to the wide varying forms of reparenting, each therapist may adopt different methods when treating clients. However, the mechanism that underlie the theory of reparenting is generally agreed upon. Typically, reparenting starts with the regression of the client to the child ego state. The
34:
in which the therapist actively assumes the role of a new or surrogate parental figure for the client, in order to treat psychological disturbances caused by defective, even abusive, parenting. The underlying assumption is that all mental illness results principally from such parenting, even
124:
Spot reparenting was developed by
Russell Osnes. In addition to also being less time intensive than Schiff's total regression reparenting, Osnes's form of reparenting focuses more on patients traumatized by specific experiences and incidents rather than by general disturbances in childhood.
116:. But unlike Schiff's therapy, the patient is only required to attend five two-hour sessions with the therapist instead of living with the therapist. Nurturing is also more intensive and more structured than total regression reparenting.
60:
develop their own application and forms of re-parenting. The other most notable forms of reparenting that later came include time-limited, spot, and self-re-parenting. Some people consider reparenting to be one of the many forms of
271:
Although some studies have been done to test the efficacy of reparenting, the amount of statistically powerful studies available are few. Few studies try to confirm the mechanism or isolate moderating variables of reparenting.
176:
Jaqui Lee Schiff conducted a study to attain biochemical evidence for reparenting's effectiveness on schizophrenics. Schiff based this study on the observation that individuals with
218:
in comparison to how they were before treatment. The subject that didn't show change was a drug abuser and clinicians concluded that more specialized treatment was required.
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client's parent ego state is still healthy, and that defective parenting is not at the fault of the parents, but of the weak communication between the parent and child.
161:
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Wissink, Lilian (1994). "A validation of transactional analysis in increasing self-esteem among participants in a self-reparenting program".
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Developed by Del Casale, this form of reparenting, like Wilson's time-limited regression reparenting, focused primarily on treatment for
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715:
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state. Total regression reparenting is famously associated with the
Cathexis Institution, which was founded by Jaqui Lee Schiff.
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343:
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Rumney, Avis (1985). "Growing up and getting dependency needs met as an adult: Reparenting in anorexia nervosa".
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21:
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The
Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions
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Thomas Wilson developed time-limited regression reparenting for the purpose of treating patients with
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Developed by Jaqui Lee Schiff, this form of reparenting was the first form of therapy built upon
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Dr. David Kline practiced Schiff's total regression reparenting and was a staff member of the
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Gloria
Noriega conducted a study to analyze the effects of self-reparenting on female
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1103:
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214:, fewer conflicts with parents, increased motivation to achieve goals, and increased
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Woods, Ken (1998). "The Danger of
Sadomasochism in the Reparenting of Psychotics".
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Lankford, Valerie (1988). "The parent ego state from a reparenting perspective".
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Lilian M. Wissink conducted a study to determine self-reparenting's effect on
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This article is about a kind of psychotherapy. For the term relating to the
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Jacobs, Alan (1994). "Theory as ideology: Reparenting and thought reform".
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Gayol, Gloria (1995). "Self-reparenting with female delinquents in jail".
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whether the therapy actually succeeded in reforming the Parent ego state.
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Schiff, Jacqui (1977). "Biochemical evidence of cure in schizophrenics".
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information shared with them when contracting or terminating treatment.
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164:. Among his most noted clients was a young girl diagnosed with severe
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Although reparenting is widely practiced, there is no set system of
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Lankford, Valerie (1998). "A reparented daughter's perspective".
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52:
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Munilla, Horacio (1982). "Defective parenting and reparenting".
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Weiss, Laurie (1994). "Ethics of parenting and reparenting".
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James, Muriel (1998). "Self-reparenting and redecision".
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In the late 1960s, Jacqui Lee Schiff developed a form of
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Moroney, Margaret (1989). "Comparison of 5 methods".
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442:Osnes, Russell (1974). "Spot reparenting".
134:agent in therapy instead of the therapist.
787:Association for Research and Enlightenment
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672:Transactional Analysis Journal
645:Transactional Analysis Journal
613:Transactional Analysis Journal
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552:Transactional Analysis Journal
525:Transactional Analysis Journal
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498:Transactional Analysis Journal
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471:Transactional Analysis Journal
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444:Transactional Analysis Journal
417:Transactional Analysis Journal
390:Transactional Analysis Journal
363:Transactional Analysis Journal
302:Transactional Analysis Journal
240:Therapist-patient relationship
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171:
1:
275:
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67:
7:
227:Terminology and definitions
180:tend to have low levels of
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22:Re-parenting window manager
10:
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684:10.1177/036215379802800111
657:10.1177/036215379402400108
625:10.1177/036215379402400110
591:10.1177/036215379502500303
564:10.1177/036215379402400306
537:10.1177/036215377700700217
510:10.1177/036215378501500110
483:10.1177/036215379802800106
456:10.1177/036215377400400308
429:10.1177/036215379802800108
402:10.1177/036215378801800108
375:10.1177/036215378201200302
332:"Psychotherapies, New Age"
314:10.1177/036215378901900106
80:
46:
15:
1074:
898:
815:
779:
731:
880:Transpersonal psychology
833:Human Potential Movement
1211:Psychological astrology
108:Time-limited regression
1252:Transactional analysis
1119:Creative visualization
759:Progressive electronic
101:transactional analysis
74:transactional analysis
57:transactional analysis
1257:Psychotherapy by type
1011:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
1154:Higher consciousness
1094:Alternative medicine
201:Crime rehabilitation
90:Forms of reparenting
1206:Religious pluralism
1109:Bicameral mentality
1066:Marianne Williamson
1051:Neale Donald Walsch
890:Western esotericism
802:Findhorn Foundation
739:New Age communities
267:Scientific efficacy
138:Del Casale's method
1216:Sun sign astrology
807:New World Alliance
771:New Age travellers
249:Frame of reference
162:Cathexis Institute
1242:New Age practices
1229:
1228:
1201:Quantum mysticism
1181:Michael Teachings
1164:Law of attraction
828:Hippie subculture
345:978-1-118-04563-3
263:the institution.
1264:
1221:Yoga as exercise
1006:Shirley MacLaine
1001:Max Freedom Long
956:Marilyn Ferguson
936:Carlos Castaneda
792:Esalen Institute
725:New Age movement
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166:anorexia nervosa
129:Self-reparenting
120:Spot reparenting
95:Total regression
41:bipolar disorder
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1159:Indigo children
1134:Earth mysteries
1124:Crystal healing
1089:Age of Aquarius
1084:2012 phenomenon
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1016:Claudio Naranjo
894:
843:Integral theory
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18:X Window System
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1026:James Redfield
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986:Michael Harner
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951:Benjamin Creme
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585:(3): 208–210.
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558:(3): 189–196.
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531:(2): 178–182.
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369:(3): 181–184.
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72:Deriving from
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1129:Earth Changes
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1046:Eckhart Tolle
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976:Linda Goodman
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971:Shakti Gawain
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941:Deepak Chopra
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916:James Brennan
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854:Seth Material
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37:schizophrenia
33:
32:psychotherapy
30:is a form of
29:
23:
19:
1191:Neoshamanism
1061:Stuart Wilde
1031:Jane Roberts
946:Paulo Coelho
926:Eileen Caddy
921:Rhonda Byrne
911:Richard Bach
885:UFO religion
865:Spirituality
860:Spiritualism
852:
754:Neoclassical
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450:(3): 40–46.
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111:
98:
84:
71:
50:
27:
26:
1186:Neopaganism
931:Lee Carroll
823:Edgar Cayce
764:Space music
245:treatment.
233:terminology
216:self-esteem
207:delinquents
195:self-esteem
189:Self-esteem
172:Biochemical
28:Reparenting
1236:Categories
1169:Meditation
1114:Breathwork
1056:Ken Wilber
1036:Mark Satin
996:David Icke
961:Marc Gafni
899:Proponents
816:Influences
797:The Family
328:Carroll RT
276:References
258:Monitoring
212:aggression
182:tryptophan
156:Kline case
35:including
1247:Parenting
1196:Neotantra
1144:Feng shui
981:Alex Grey
875:Theosophy
848:Occultism
678:: 48–54.
651:: 39–55.
619:: 57–59.
504:: 55–61.
477:: 16–19.
423:: 31–34.
396:: 47–50.
308:: 35–41.
68:Mechanism
55:based on
1149:Gaianism
1021:Ram Dass
749:Biomusic
330:(2011),
151:Efficacy
1099:Animism
966:Gandalf
870:Thelema
732:Culture
81:Methods
62:New Age
53:therapy
47:History
1139:Energy
1076:Themes
780:Groups
342:
20:, see
1104:Aura
838:Huna
340:ISBN
39:and
680:doi
653:doi
621:doi
587:doi
560:doi
533:doi
506:doi
479:doi
452:doi
425:doi
398:doi
371:doi
310:doi
43:.
1238::
1174:TM
676:28
674:.
649:24
647:.
633:^
617:24
615:.
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