203:
Early research in Sub-Saharan Africa identified formal education as a risk factor, with more educated individuals being most likely to be infected. Some studies have found that educational attainment decreases girls' and women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, but does not affect or even worsens boys' and
199:
if subjects report what they think the interviewer wants to think. Encouraging Kenyan students to write essays on way of protecting oneself against HIV/AIDS led to increased self-reported use of condoms without an increase in self-reported sexual activity. There is no evidence to determine whether an
68:
Data analysis collected in Sydney, Australia in 2007 found that within 236 adults, age 20 to 65, respondents were concerned about risks of HIV/AIDS transmitted through casual contact, leading to disapproval of homosexuality and drug use. In contrast, highly educated respondents were shown to be less
124:
led to a decline in HIV rates among more educated, suggesting they may have the greater cognitive skill required to sift through the various levels of accuracy and mount a more effective response. Increased motivation needed to analyze personal risks and behavioural choices were increased by
72:
In a 2011 study, 1 in 4 students aged 16 and above in
England stated they had learned nothing about HIV/AIDS in school, even though learning about sexually transmitted diseases is compulsory for secondary school students in England and Wales.
89:
associated with those who have HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa prevents many from getting tested. As formal education continues to change attitudes towards those living with HIV/AIDS, the reduction of stigma enhances prevention techniques.
874:
Baird, Sarah; Ahner-McHaffie, Tessa; Ozler, Berk (2018-11-26). "Can
Interventions to Increase Schooling and Incomes Reduce HIV Incidence Among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa?". In Crosby, Richard A.; DiClemente, Ralph J. (eds.).
365:
Pradhan, Elina; Suzuki, Elina; Martinez, Sebastian; Schaferhoff, Marco; Jamison, Dean (2017-11-20). "Chapter 30: The
Effects of Education Quantity and Quality on Child and Adult Mortality: Their Magnitude and Their Value".
321:
Leon, Juan; Baker, David P.; Salinas, Daniel; Henck, Adrienne (2017-12-01). "Is education a risk factor or social vaccine against HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa? The effect of schooling across public health periods".
1300:
679:
Smith, William; Salinas, Daniel; Baker, David P. (2012-01-01), Alexander, W. Wiseman; Ryan, N. Glover (eds.), "Multiple
Effects of Education on Disease: The Intriguing Case of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa",
106:
and lowered vulnerability to HIV in young people in low and middle income countries. In many of the studies in the review, financial education was combined with sexual health education and/or counselling.
93:
A 2016 study in primarily
African-American faith-based organizations in South Carolina, United States found that education level was associated with lower levels of stigmatizing attitudes about HIV/AIDS.
1295:
1035:
151:. Types of support include cash transfers to families, educational support (such as school fees paid on student's behalf), savings accounts and microcredit, and vocational training.
1607:
1571:
969:
Sambah, Francis; Baatiema, Linus; Appiah, Francis; Ameyaw, Edward
Kwabena; Budu, Eugene; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Oduro, Joseph Kojo; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz (2020-01-15).
1036:
The Socio-economic
Inequalities and HIV Working Group for Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europe (COHERE) in Euro-Coord (2017-01-14).
1290:
1662:
2258:
147:
A 2018 review of studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa found evidence that support for girls' and young women's schooling is associated with lower rates of
643:
2253:
1307:
912:"Educational Attainment as a Predictor of HIV Testing Uptake Among Women of Child-Bearing Age: Analysis of 2014 Demographic and Health Survey in Zambia"
971:"Educational attainment and HIV testing and counselling service utilisation during antenatal care in Ghana: Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys"
33:(UNESCO) aims to ensure all individuals, in and out of formal education, have access to comprehensive HIV education. UNESCO is a founding cosponsor of
1768:
195:
Studies of the effectiveness of HIV education programs often rely on self-reported information about knowledge and behavior, leading to a possible
53:
Education is a strong factor in improving population health by building in individuals the capacity to process and understand risks related to the
1241:
1642:
1038:"Inequalities by educational level in response to combination antiretroviral treatment and survival in HIV-positive men and women in Europe"
22:. Education has also been identified as a social vaccine against contracting HIV. Research suggests a negative linear relationship between
1514:
1333:
1283:
1231:
223:
86:
69:
likely to overestimate the possibility of HIV transmission through casual contact compared to respondents with a lower level education.
1627:
831:
Lucas, Adrienne M.; Wilson, Nicholas L. (2019-10-03). "Schooling, Wealth, Risky Sexual
Behaviour, and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa".
34:
1106:
Mensch, Barbara S.; Grant, Monica J.; Soler-Hampejsek, Erica; Kelly, Christine A.; Chalasani, Satvika; Hewett, Paul C. (2019-10-17).
1441:
1108:"Does schooling protect sexual health? The association between three measures of education and STIs among adolescents in Malawi"
187:(cART) between 1996 and 2013 found that patients with fewer years of education had poorer responses to cART and lower survival.
163:, a 2018 study of over 15,000 women of childbearing age found a strong correlation between educational attainment and uptake of
1353:
1183:
1096:
The World Bank: Knowledge, Attitudes, and
Behavior Related To HIV/AIDS Among Transport Sector Workers: A Case Study of Georgia.
1602:
894:
876:
697:
575:
426:
391:
238:
61:(STDs). The mischaracterization of HIV/AIDS as a homosexual disease has led higher status heterosexuals that participate in
2033:
1721:
771:"Financial education for HIV-vulnerable youth, orphans, and vulnerable children: A systematic review of outcome evidence"
233:
684:, International Perspectives on Education and Society, vol. 18, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 79–104,
2158:
1398:
1581:
1471:
769:
Lee, Nanci; Beeler StĂĽcklin, Sabrina; Lopez
Rodriguez, Patricia; El Alaoui Faris, Meryem; Mukaka, Ida (2020-02-25).
1328:
650:
2284:
878:
Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention: Optimizing Strategies for Reducing New Infections and Improving Care
2279:
2061:
1323:
1037:
2123:
1637:
1617:
1348:
1236:
370:(3rd ed.). Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
58:
19:
2236:
1509:
1497:
1378:
1338:
2008:
1704:
1632:
1561:
1519:
1263:
1221:
228:
537:
1698:
1622:
1612:
1343:
1176:
450:
144:
completion, is associated with a higher risk of being HIV positive than not completing primary school.
26:(years of education) and HIV infection rate, especially the educational attainment of women and girls.
41:
in 2018. This report provides evidence-based guidelines for developing and implementing comprehensive
2289:
2172:
2140:
2128:
2081:
1657:
265:"Education attainment linked to health throughout lifespan: Exploring social determinants of health"
2013:
1863:
1736:
1424:
1383:
591:
Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hossain, Syeda Zakia (2011-03-11). "Functional Analysis of HIV/AIDS Stigma".
196:
2231:
2103:
1978:
1896:
1798:
1363:
1358:
264:
2294:
1943:
1916:
1906:
1828:
1813:
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1531:
1461:
1268:
1258:
213:
184:
23:
562:
2226:
2180:
2118:
2108:
2018:
1953:
1524:
1492:
1429:
1253:
1169:
164:
62:
421:. Wiseman, Alexander W., 1968-, Glover, Ryan N. (1st ed.). Bingley, UK: Emerald. 2012.
2195:
2113:
2028:
2003:
1988:
1926:
1878:
1858:
1783:
1778:
1763:
1504:
1436:
982:
689:
8:
2210:
2185:
2153:
2071:
2043:
1993:
1911:
1901:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1808:
1419:
1393:
886:
133:
120:
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the introduction of partially accurate information in
986:
464:
Whiteside, Alan; Vinnitchok, Andriana; Dlamini, Tengetile; Mabuza, Khanya (2017-10-02).
2200:
2190:
2098:
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2023:
1973:
1936:
1921:
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1848:
1818:
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1013:
970:
946:
911:
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805:
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746:
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624:
444:
347:
121:
564:
International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach
2148:
1998:
1968:
1948:
1931:
1838:
1803:
1788:
1773:
1758:
1536:
1446:
1403:
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54:
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923:
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782:
741:
725:
685:
628:
600:
477:
379:
371:
331:
141:
129:
128:
A 2018 analysis of data from over 500,000 people in Sub-Saharan Africa showed that
125:
cognitive abilities enhanced by formal education, suggesting a direct correlation.
1124:
844:
482:
466:"Mixed results: the protective role of schooling in the HIV epidemic in Swaziland"
465:
1716:
1456:
1226:
1056:
995:
910:
Muyunda, Brian; Musonda, Patrick; Mee, Paul; Todd, Jim; Michelo, Charles (2018).
768:
200:
increase in condom use by students corresponds to actual reduction in HIV/AIDS.
1667:
1451:
137:
712:
Coleman, Jason D.; Tate, Allan D.; Gaddist, Bambi; White, Jacob (2016-03-17).
375:
335:
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343:
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218:
148:
103:
42:
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1151:
1072:
1022:
955:
814:
755:
620:
499:
401:
294:
513:
1586:
1487:
1278:
714:"Social Determinants of HIV-Related Stigma in Faith-Based Organizations"
1546:
1388:
1216:
383:
787:
243:
1652:
1551:
1248:
1196:
102:
A 2020 systematic review showed that financial education increased
1161:
167:. Similar findings were reported in a 2020 study of 2660 women in
1576:
57:. Inadequate information becomes a risk factor for the spread of
31:
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
463:
364:
295:"The Social Determinants of Health and Structural Interventions"
37:, and in conjunction with partner agencies UNESCO published the
1692:
1105:
180:
160:
30:
110:
1608:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
168:
1726:
1687:
968:
1211:
1192:
1291:
WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease
873:
711:
65:
to continue without considering the risk of infection.
48:
39:
International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education
2259:
List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
644:"Young people's experiences of HIV and AIDS education"
909:
320:
174:
76:
2254:
List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
1643:
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
1628:
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
641:
590:
678:
2271:
132:was correlated with a lower likelihood of being
1242:National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program
1177:
1092:
1090:
682:The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Education Worldwide
419:The impact of HIV/AIDS on education worldwide
1334:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
830:
368:Child and Adolescent Health and Development
224:Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS
111:Impact on infection rate and other outcomes
1567:People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement
1184:
1170:
1087:
1141:
1123:
1012:
994:
945:
927:
804:
786:
745:
481:
881:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press.
2272:
262:
1603:Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
1165:
826:
824:
674:
672:
670:
239:Abstinence, be faithful, use a condom
140:completion alone, without subsequent
130:secondary school completion for women
413:
411:
316:
314:
49:Availability of HIV/AIDS information
1722:The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert
1191:
234:AIDS education and training centers
13:
887:10.1093/oso/9780190675486.001.0001
833:The Journal of Development Studies
821:
690:10.1108/s1479-3679(2012)0000018007
667:
154:
14:
2306:
1308:Countries by AIDS prevalence rate
718:American Journal of Public Health
408:
311:
185:combined antiretroviral treatment
175:Medication efficacy and mortality
115:
77:Attitudinal changes and education
1769:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1329:AIDS-defining clinical condition
642:Sex Education Forum (May 2011).
470:African Journal of AIDS Research
97:
1099:
1029:
962:
903:
867:
762:
705:
635:
593:Health Education & Behavior
584:
555:
530:
506:
457:
358:
324:Journal of Population Research
287:
263:McGill, Natalie (2016-08-01).
256:
1:
1638:Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS
1618:International AIDS Conference
1572:HIV/AIDS in the porn industry
1515:Discrimination against people
1125:10.1080/00324728.2019.1656282
845:10.1080/00220388.2018.1493195
538:"HIV and Sexuality Education"
483:10.2989/16085906.2017.1362016
249:
59:sexually transmitted diseases
45:curriculum for young people.
18:Education is recognized as a
1498:Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS
1379:HIV Drug Resistance Database
1057:10.1097/QAD.0000000000001270
996:10.1371/journal.pone.0227576
20:social determinant of health
7:
1799:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
1633:Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS
1562:List of HIV-positive people
775:Campbell Systematic Reviews
229:Economic impact of HIV/AIDS
207:
190:
10:
2311:
1699:Reports from the Holocaust
1623:International AIDS Society
1613:Elton John AIDS Foundation
916:Frontiers in Public Health
2249:
2219:
2171:
2139:
2089:
2080:
2052:
1887:
1744:
1735:
1658:Treatment Action Campaign
1595:
1480:
1412:
1374:Tuberculosis co-infection
1316:
1237:disease progression rates
1204:
376:10.1596/978-1-4648-0423-6
336:10.1007/s12546-017-9192-5
179:A study of nearly 25,000
81:
1384:Innate resistance to HIV
1354:Neurocognitive disorders
929:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00192
730:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302985
605:10.1177/1090198110386180
197:social desirability bias
1705:AIDS–Holocaust metaphor
1688:Gay Men's Health Crisis
1364:Opportunistic infection
2285:Prevention of HIV/AIDS
1532:HIV-affected community
1472:HIV and homosexual men
449:: CS1 maint: others (
214:Prevention of HIV/AIDS
24:educational attainment
2280:Education in Ethiopia
1712:Silence=Death Project
1510:Criminal transmission
1430:Multiple sex partners
183:patients who started
63:risky sexual behavior
2034:United Arab Emirates
1505:Circumcision and HIV
1462:City of Hope Patient
1222:structure and genome
1582:AIDS Memorial Quilt
1394:HIV-positive people
987:2020PLoSO..1527576S
269:The Nation's Health
2159:Dominican Republic
1542:HIV/AIDS denialism
1467:Women and HIV/AIDS
1457:The London Patient
1324:Signs and symptoms
1232:CDC classification
1112:Population Studies
544:. 20 February 2017
122:Sub-Saharan Africa
2267:
2266:
2245:
2244:
2167:
2166:
1648:The SING Campaign
1537:HIV/AIDS activism
1525:Cost of treatment
1447:Timothy Ray Brown
1442:World AIDS Museum
896:978-0-19-067548-6
839:(10): 2177–2192.
699:978-1-78190-233-2
577:978-92-3-100259-5
428:978-1-78190-233-2
393:978-1-4648-0423-6
55:HIV/AIDS pandemic
2302:
2290:Health education
2237:Papua New Guinea
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649:. Archived from
648:
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582:
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570:. UNESCO. 2018.
569:
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165:HIV/AIDS testing
142:secondary school
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1994:Myanmar (Burma)
1883:
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1717:Day Without Art
1663:The Global Fund
1591:
1520:Economic impact
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1408:
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1264:pathophysiology
1200:
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981:(1): e0227576.
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155:HIV test uptake
118:
113:
100:
84:
79:
51:
12:
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5:
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2062:United Kingdom
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2016:
2011:
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1673:YAA/Youthforce
1670:
1668:World AIDS Day
1665:
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1452:Berlin Patient
1449:
1444:
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1410:
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1407:
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1396:
1391:
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1369:Superinfection
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1349:Cardiomyopathy
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
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1305:
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1301:Teens / Adults
1298:
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1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1118:(2): 241–261.
1098:
1086:
1051:(2): 253–262.
1028:
961:
902:
895:
866:
820:
761:
724:(3): 492–496.
704:
698:
666:
634:
599:(6): 584–595.
583:
576:
554:
529:
514:"HIV and AIDS"
505:
476:(4): 305–313.
456:
427:
407:
392:
357:
330:(4): 347–372.
310:
286:
254:
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209:
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176:
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138:primary school
117:
116:Infection rate
114:
112:
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2024:Taiwan (ROC)
2014:Saudi Arabia
1864:South Africa
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1683:Larry Kramer
1425:Epidemiology
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651:the original
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299:www.catie.ca
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134:HIV positive
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2232:New Zealand
2104:El Salvador
2009:Philippines
1979:North Korea
1932:China (PRC)
1897:Afghanistan
1587:Product Red
1488:AIDS orphan
1344:Nephropathy
1279:vaccination
384:10986/28876
275:(6): 1–19.
136:. However,
2274:Categories
1944:East Timor
1917:Bangladesh
1907:Azerbaijan
1829:Mozambique
1814:Madagascar
1547:Red ribbon
1389:Serostatus
1317:Conditions
1269:prevention
1259:management
1217:Lentivirus
660:2014-03-14
548:2020-03-28
523:2019-03-11
304:2020-03-28
250:References
2227:Australia
2181:Argentina
2141:Caribbean
2119:Nicaragua
2109:Guatemala
2019:Sri Lanka
1954:Indonesia
1737:Locations
1678:"Free Me"
1404:Pregnancy
1399:Nutrition
1254:diagnosis
1134:0032-4728
1065:0269-9370
1005:1932-6203
938:2296-2565
861:158121055
853:0022-0388
797:1891-1803
738:0090-0036
613:1090-1981
492:1608-5906
445:cite book
437:822967886
352:158326821
344:1835-9469
281:0028-0496
244:TeachAids
2196:Colombia
2114:Honduras
2029:Thailand
2004:Pakistan
1989:Malaysia
1927:Cambodia
1879:Zimbabwe
1859:Tanzania
1784:Ethiopia
1779:Eswatini
1764:Botswana
1653:Solidays
1552:Safe sex
1493:Religion
1437:Timeline
1359:Pruritus
1296:Children
1274:research
1249:HIV/AIDS
1227:subtypes
1152:31619138
1073:27662557
1023:31940331
975:PLOS ONE
956:30155454
815:37131976
756:26794158
621:21398622
500:29132280
402:30212057
208:See also
191:Critique
181:European
2220:Oceania
2211:Uruguay
2186:Bolivia
2154:Jamaica
2072:Ukraine
2044:Vietnam
1912:Bahrain
1902:Armenia
1854:Senegal
1844:Nigeria
1834:Namibia
1809:Lesotho
1596:Culture
1577:HIV.gov
1420:History
1413:History
1143:7162723
1081:2916139
1014:6961934
983:Bibcode
947:6102411
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806:8356319
747:4815751
629:7283689
2201:Guyana
2191:Brazil
2099:Mexico
2094:Canada
2067:Russia
2054:Europe
2039:Turkey
1974:Jordan
1937:Yunnan
1922:Bhutan
1874:Zambia
1869:Uganda
1849:Rwanda
1819:Malawi
1794:Guinea
1754:Angola
1746:Africa
1693:ACT UP
1481:Social
1199:topics
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161:Zambia
87:Stigma
82:Stigma
35:UNAIDS
2149:Haiti
1999:Nepal
1969:Japan
1949:India
1839:Niger
1804:Kenya
1789:Ghana
1774:Egypt
1759:Benin
1077:S2CID
1041:(PDF)
857:S2CID
654:(PDF)
647:(PDF)
625:S2CID
568:(PDF)
348:S2CID
169:Ghana
2206:Peru
1984:Laos
1964:Iraq
1959:Iran
1889:Asia
1824:Mali
1727:Ayds
1284:PrEP
1197:AIDS
1148:PMID
1130:ISSN
1069:PMID
1061:ISSN
1045:AIDS
1019:PMID
1001:ISSN
952:PMID
934:ISSN
891:ISBN
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617:PMID
609:ISSN
572:ISBN
496:PMID
488:ISSN
451:link
433:OCLC
423:ISBN
398:PMID
388:ISBN
340:ISSN
277:ISSN
29:The
1212:HIV
1205:HIV
1193:HIV
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1120:doi
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332:doi
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