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Red, White and Maddox

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For the 1968–69 season, after failing to develop another original production, Broad decided to create a satirical revue based on the life of Lester Maddox, the governor of Georgia. Maddox was well-known for his racist and conservative policies, and in the summer of 1968, he was running for president
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The play is a fictional biography on Maddox, chronicling his political career. The action is divided into two acts, with the first titled "One Hundred Years Later" and the second titled "One Hundred Years Too Late". Act One details Maddox's business career and initial forays into politics as a
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The play debuted in Atlanta in October 1968, beginning a three-month run. While a commercial success, the production was the source of controversy and conflict between the company and Lee, who owned the theater. Lee, who was sympathetic to
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Some sources state that the play made its Broadway debut in February, with one source giving an exact date of February 9. However, several sources state that the production debuted on January 26, including the
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expressed enjoyment with the soundtrack. Due to the play's short run on Broadway, a planned album was cancelled, though several singles were recorded. In February 1970, a television adaptation was aired on
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were also noted as a contributing issue, with Broad later stating, "In all fairness to her ... we were not too prompt in our rent payments". After the eviction, the company began to seek relocation to a
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called the broadcast "only limitedly amusing", giving additional criticism to the edits made for television and saying that "on TV its bite was never particularly hard and its pace was seldom varied".
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The play was controversial upon its debut in Atlanta and may have contributed to Theatre Atlanta being evicted from their theater. After this, company management entered into discussions with producer
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on Broadway. The play received mixed reviews from New York critics, who contended that the subject matter was of local importance and not of enough notability to merit a Broadway production. However,
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from January 26 to March 1, 1969. The play was conceived by Broad, who at the time was the director of the Theatre Atlanta theatrical company. Modeled as a fictional biography of Georgia Governor
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also gave the play a mixed review, criticizing its local appeal, but he singled out Garner's lead performance, calling the actor a "joy" who was "fantastically funny" and "tellingly accurate".
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to the company. After a series of legal disputes, the company was officially evicted on January 4, 1969. While the evictions may have been due in part to political issues, rent
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The play received mixed reviews from critics, with many noting that the local appeal that the play had had in Atlanta was absent from its Broadway run. Theatre historian
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later stated that the play was better received in Atlanta, where it was more politically relevant, than in New York City, a sentiment echoed by historian and critic
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An album was scheduled to be recorded by Metromedia Records, though it was cancelled due to the short run that the play had on Broadway. However,
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Theatre Atlanta was a theatrical company established in 1957 through the merger of two other companies. In 1965, the company hired Jay Broad as a
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For the Atlanta production, costumes were designed by both David Chapman and David Charles, while additional lyrics were provided by Ronald Axe.
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operation to a more professional one, hiring a team of a dozen actors consisting of both local amateurs and professionals from cities such as
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in 1966. During his early years as director, Broad developed a reputation for politically controversial plays, such as a production of
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criticized the amateur nature of the play, but found the soundtrack enjoyable, singling out "Jubilee Joe" in particular.
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on January 26, 1969, as the last play to debut that month. According to theatre historian
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in 1968. The play ran for 41 performances at the venue, ending its run on March 1.
474: 428:. Through the 1967–68 season, the company performed before over 85,000 spectators. 421: 120: 98: 1589: 1494:"Stage: 'Red, White and Maddox' Here; Satire from Atlanta Is at the Cort Theater" 1456: 1435: 1407: 1385: 1357: 1332: 1287: 1237: 1217: 1151: 1126: 1101: 1079: 1073: 596: 465: 370: 236: 1543: 1431: 1242: 1097: 612: 592: 514: 361: 185: 128: 1558: 1508: 1403: 1193: 635: 616: 509: 478: 390:
was being constructed for the company by Frania Lee, daughter of businessman
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Atlanta Rising: The Invention of an International City 1946-1996
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In February 1970, an edited version of the play was aired by
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The principal production team for the Broadway production of
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The principal cast members for the Broadway production of
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written by Jay Broad and Don Tucker. The play debuted in
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in October 1968 and later had a 41-performance run on
970: 835: 811: 553:"Second Campaign Song" – Salvation Army Band, Company 1021: 1009: 905: 893: 544:"First Campaign Song" – Salvation Army Band, Company 1048: 920: 864: 799: 759: 706: 1492: 1128:Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street 1359:Everything is Pickrick: The Life of Lester Maddox 1556: 324:Lighting and Design Supervision – Richard Casler 493:The production had a 41-performance run at the 1219:Curtain Times: The New York Theater, 1965-1987 481:responded and helped relocate the production. 195: 587:"Red, White and Maddox Kazoo March" – Company 1153:The Complete Book of 1960s Broadway Musicals 1334:Queer Theatre and the Legacy of Cal Yeomans 398:. The theater opened with a production of 315:Associate Producers – William Domnitz and 33: 18:Musical based on the life of Lester Maddox 1458:Regional Theatre: The Revolutionary Stage 1304: 1212: 988: 943: 790: 652: 566:"Hip-Hooray for Washington" – Jay Garner 488: 344: 142:, who helped move the production to the 1454: 1330: 1096: 976: 964: 858: 829: 817: 230:Mitchell Edmonds as Governor of Indiana 204:, who were all credited as "The Kids". 1557: 1487: 1430: 1402: 1286:Little, Stuart W. (January 20, 1969). 1285: 1030: 1003: 887: 275:Steve Renfroe as Political Commentator 272:Arlene Nadel as Girl from the New Left 1380: 1355: 1258: 1174: 1149: 1124: 1103:American Musical Theater: A Chronicle 1071: 1054: 1042: 1015: 931: 914: 899: 805: 778: 731: 606: 449: 1200:from the original on January 6, 2023 1180:"TV: 'Red, White and Maddox' on Air" 532:"What America Means to Me" – Company 504:The play debuted on Broadway at the 321:Scenery and Costumes – David Chapman 306:Direction – Jay Broad and Don Tucker 1545:​Red, White and Maddox​ 1259:Jones, Kenneth (January 24, 2011). 1236: 750: 603:, and Metromedia of "Jubilee Joe". 572:"Song of the Malcontents" – Company 263:Ted Martin as Boy from the New Left 245:William Gammon as Radio Commentator 39:Cover of the production's Broadway 13: 1515:from the original on July 23, 2018 1481: 1318:from the original on June 13, 2020 521: 242:Gary Gage as General of the Armies 227:Fred Chappell as Air Force General 14: 1606: 1528: 584:"The Impeachment Waltz" – Company 327:Visual Materials – Bill Diehl Jr. 248:Elaine Harris as Student Delegate 221:Lois Broad as Cynical Campaigner 1455:Zeigler, Joseph Wesley (1973). 1437:Theatre World: 1991-1992 Season 679: 284:William Trotman as C.I.A. Chief 269:Muriel Moore as Virginia Maddox 575:"The General's Song" – Company 556:"God Is an American" – Company 535:"Givers and Getters" – Company 349:The original venue in Atlanta 278:Judy Schoen as Little Mary Sue 160:'s performance of Maddox, and 133:president of the United States 1: 1463:University of Minnesota Press 699: 340: 266:Sandy McCallum as The Redneck 233:Karl Emery as Standard Bearer 1409:Broadway Yearbook, 2000-2001 260:Bettye Malone as Rock Singer 7: 1331:Schanke, Robert A. (2011). 1254:: 58–59. February 27, 1969. 578:"Little Mary Sue" – Company 541:"Ballad of a Redneck" – Men 484: 438:The Riddle of Lester Maddox 287:James Weston as Rock Singer 251:Ted Harris as Buttercup Boy 196:Characters and cast members 10: 1611: 1550:Internet Broadway Database 1252:Johnson Publishing Company 1064: 560: 526: 454: 384:Actors' Equity Association 281:Susan Shaloub as Protestor 224:Ronald Bush as The Senator 1072:Allen, Frederick (1996). 581:"Billie Joe Ju" – Company 401:The Royal Hunt of the Sun 192:that destroys the world. 88: 75: 65: 57: 49: 32: 23: 1575:American political plays 1386:"Red, White...and Bland" 1158:Rowman & Littlefield 1106:(3rd ed.). Oxford: 672: 443:The Atlanta Constitution 386:. Around the same time, 382:who were members of the 71:Don Tucker and Jay Broad 1570:Alternate history plays 1414:Oxford University Press 1364:Mercer University Press 1306:"Red, White and Maddox" 1125:Davis, Michael (2008). 1108:Oxford University Press 692:published for the play. 538:"Jubilee Joe" – Company 178: 111:is a satirical musical 501: 357: 1384:(February 17, 1969). 1214:Guernsey, Otis L. Jr. 1178:(February 13, 1970). 1078:. Marietta, Georgia: 653:Television adaptation 569:"City Life" – Company 550:"Phooey" – Jay Garner 492: 348: 300:Red, White and Maddox 202:Red, White and Maddox 108:Red, White and Maddox 26:Red, White and Maddox 1491:(January 27, 1969). 1314:. January 26, 1969. 1156:. Lanham, Maryland: 661:in New York. Critic 547:"Hoe Down" – Company 434:that year's election 413:Caesar and Cleopatra 410:and a production of 396:a recent plane crash 330:Musical Direction – 1356:Short, Bob (1999). 1273:on January 30, 2011 1150:Dietz, Dan (2014). 1045:, pp. 497–498. 832:, pp. 105–106. 462:right-wing politics 1595:Theatre in Atlanta 1500:The New York Times 1362:. Macon, Georgia: 1339:Palgrave Macmillan 1185:The New York Times 667:The New York Times 646:The New York Times 623:, in a review for 607:Critical reception 502: 450:Production history 358: 153:The New York Times 1580:Broadway musicals 1472:978-1-4529-1142-7 1447:978-1-55783-142-2 1423:978-0-19-515637-9 1373:978-0-86554-662-2 1348:978-0-230-11988-8 1337:. New York City: 1229:978-0-936839-24-0 1167:978-1-4422-3072-9 1142:978-0-670-01996-0 1131:. New York City: 1117:978-0-19-977117-2 1089:978-1-4616-6167-2 1006:, pp. 80–83. 631:Richard Watts Jr. 595:were recorded by 500:in New York City. 376:community theatre 255:Christopher Lloyd 218:as Student Leader 190:nuclear holocaust 162:Richard Watts Jr. 104: 103: 1602: 1540: 1539: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1496: 1476: 1451: 1427: 1399: 1377: 1352: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1301: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1269:. Archived from 1255: 1233: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1171: 1146: 1121: 1093: 1080:Longstreet Press 1058: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1019: 1013: 1007: 1001: 995: 986: 980: 974: 968: 962: 947: 941: 935: 929: 918: 912: 903: 897: 891: 885: 862: 856: 833: 827: 821: 815: 809: 803: 797: 788: 782: 776: 757: 748: 735: 729: 693: 683: 601:Columbia Records 475:Broadway theatre 422:African American 293:as Lester Maddox 84: 83: 37: 27: 21: 20: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1555: 1554: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1518: 1516: 1484: 1482:Further reading 1479: 1473: 1461:. Minneapolis: 1448: 1424: 1374: 1349: 1321: 1319: 1276: 1274: 1230: 1203: 1201: 1168: 1143: 1118: 1098:Bordman, Gerald 1090: 1067: 1062: 1061: 1053: 1049: 1041: 1037: 1029: 1022: 1014: 1010: 1002: 998: 987: 983: 975: 971: 963: 950: 942: 938: 930: 921: 913: 906: 898: 894: 886: 865: 857: 836: 828: 824: 816: 812: 804: 800: 789: 785: 777: 760: 749: 738: 730: 707: 702: 697: 696: 684: 680: 675: 655: 609: 597:Capitol Records 563: 529: 524: 522:Musical numbers 498:(pictured 2019) 487: 466:eviction notice 457: 452: 371:Life Is a Dream 353:, now known as 351:(pictured 2023) 343: 296: 239:as Interlocutor 237:Clarence Felder 198: 181: 96: 81: 79: 45: 25: 19: 12: 11: 5: 1608: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1585:Broadway plays 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1553: 1552: 1541: 1530: 1529:External links 1527: 1526: 1525: 1503:. p. 27. 1483: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1471: 1452: 1446: 1428: 1422: 1404:Suskin, Steven 1400: 1378: 1372: 1353: 1347: 1328: 1302: 1288:"Onstage 1969" 1283: 1256: 1234: 1228: 1210: 1188:. p. 75. 1172: 1166: 1147: 1141: 1122: 1116: 1094: 1088: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1047: 1035: 1020: 1018:, p. 250. 1008: 996: 981: 969: 967:, p. 718. 948: 946:, p. 131. 936: 919: 917:, p. 176. 904: 902:, p. 160. 892: 863: 861:, p. 106. 834: 822: 820:, p. 105. 810: 808:, p. 499. 798: 783: 781:, p. 498. 758: 736: 734:, p. 497. 704: 703: 701: 698: 695: 694: 677: 676: 674: 671: 654: 651: 613:Gerald Bordman 608: 605: 589: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 562: 559: 558: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 533: 528: 525: 523: 520: 486: 483: 456: 453: 451: 448: 420:was played by 368:adaptation of 362:stage director 342: 339: 335: 334: 328: 325: 322: 319: 313: 307: 295: 294: 288: 285: 282: 279: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 261: 258: 252: 249: 246: 243: 240: 234: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 213: 206: 197: 194: 186:segregationist 180: 177: 129:segregationist 102: 101: 90: 86: 85: 80:October 1968: 77: 73: 72: 69: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 38: 30: 29: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1607: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1565:1968 musicals 1563: 1562: 1560: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1537:BroadwayWorld 1533: 1532: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1495: 1490: 1489:Barnes, Clive 1486: 1485: 1474: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1329: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1148: 1144: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1123: 1119: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1070: 1069: 1057:, p. 50. 1056: 1051: 1044: 1039: 1033:, p. 80. 1032: 1027: 1025: 1017: 1012: 1005: 1000: 994:, p. 21. 993: 991: 985: 979:, p. 37. 978: 973: 966: 961: 959: 957: 955: 953: 945: 944:Guernsey 1987 940: 934:, p. 75. 933: 928: 926: 924: 916: 911: 909: 901: 896: 890:, p. 59. 889: 884: 882: 880: 878: 876: 874: 872: 870: 868: 860: 855: 853: 851: 849: 847: 845: 843: 841: 839: 831: 826: 819: 814: 807: 802: 796:, p. 29. 795: 793: 787: 780: 775: 773: 771: 769: 767: 765: 763: 756:, p. 58. 755: 753: 747: 745: 743: 741: 733: 728: 726: 724: 722: 720: 718: 716: 714: 712: 710: 705: 691: 690: 682: 678: 670: 668: 664: 660: 650: 648: 647: 642: 638: 637: 636:New York Post 632: 628: 627: 622: 618: 617:Steven Suskin 614: 604: 602: 598: 594: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 565: 564: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 537: 534: 531: 530: 519: 517: 516: 511: 510:Steven Suskin 507: 499: 496: 491: 482: 480: 479:Edward Padula 476: 471: 467: 463: 447: 445: 444: 439: 435: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 414: 409: 408: 403: 402: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 380:New York City 377: 373: 372: 367: 363: 356: 352: 347: 338: 333: 329: 326: 323: 320: 318: 317:Arthur Miller 314: 312: 311:Edward Padula 308: 305: 304: 303: 301: 292: 289: 286: 283: 280: 277: 274: 271: 268: 265: 262: 259: 257:as Bombardier 256: 253: 250: 247: 244: 241: 238: 235: 232: 229: 226: 223: 220: 217: 214: 211: 210:Georgia Allen 208: 207: 205: 203: 193: 191: 187: 176: 174: 169: 168: 167:New York Post 163: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 141: 140:Edward Padula 136: 134: 130: 126: 125:Lester Maddox 122: 118: 114: 110: 109: 100: 95: 91: 87: 78: 74: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 43: 36: 31: 28: 22: 16: 1544: 1517:. Retrieved 1498: 1457: 1436: 1432:Willis, John 1408: 1395: 1389: 1358: 1333: 1320:. Retrieved 1309: 1297: 1291: 1275:. Retrieved 1271:the original 1264: 1247: 1241: 1218: 1202:. Retrieved 1183: 1152: 1133:Viking Press 1127: 1102: 1074: 1050: 1038: 1011: 999: 989: 984: 977:Schanke 2011 972: 965:Bordman 2001 939: 895: 859:Zeigler 1973 830:Zeigler 1973 825: 818:Zeigler 1973 813: 801: 791: 786: 751: 687: 681: 666: 656: 644: 641:Clive Barnes 634: 624: 610: 590: 513: 506:Cort Theatre 503: 497: 495:Cort Theatre 458: 441: 437: 430: 411: 405: 399: 369: 366:off-Broadway 359: 355:Center Stage 350: 336: 331: 299: 297: 201: 199: 182: 165: 151: 148:Clive Barnes 144:Cort Theatre 137: 107: 106: 105: 40: 24: 15: 1382:Simon, John 1300:(3): 57–61. 1176:Gould, Jack 1031:Suskin 2002 1004:Suskin 2002 888:Little 1969 426:Diana Sands 388:a new venue 309:Producer - 89:Productions 1559:Categories 1519:January 6, 1412:. Oxford: 1322:January 6, 1277:January 6, 1204:January 6, 1055:Simon 1969 1043:Dietz 2014 1016:Davis 2008 932:Gould 1970 915:Short 1999 900:Allen 1996 806:Dietz 2014 779:Dietz 2014 732:Dietz 2014 700:References 663:Jack Gould 621:John Simon 392:H. L. Hunt 341:Background 332:Uncredited 291:Jay Garner 216:Fran Brill 212:as Alberta 158:Jay Garner 61:Don Tucker 53:Don Tucker 1509:0362-4331 1194:0362-4331 418:Cleopatra 1513:Archived 1434:(1994). 1406:(2002). 1398:(7): 50. 1391:New York 1316:Archived 1311:Playbill 1293:New York 1266:Playbill 1216:(1987). 1198:Archived 1100:(2001). 990:Playbill 792:Playbill 689:Playbill 626:New York 485:Broadway 424:actress 416:wherein 407:MacBird! 156:praised 121:Broadway 99:Broadway 76:Premiere 42:Playbill 1548:at the 1065:Sources 659:WNEW-TV 633:of the 593:singles 561:Act Two 527:Act One 470:arrears 455:Atlanta 173:WNEW-TV 164:of the 117:Atlanta 94:Atlanta 82:Atlanta 1590:Revues 1507:  1469:  1444:  1420:  1370:  1345:  1250:(21). 1226:  1192:  1164:  1139:  1114:  1086:  58:Lyrics 673:Notes 113:revue 97:1969 92:1968 50:Music 1521:2023 1505:ISSN 1467:ISBN 1442:ISBN 1418:ISBN 1368:ISBN 1343:ISBN 1324:2023 1279:2023 1248:XXXV 1224:ISBN 1206:2023 1190:ISSN 1162:ISBN 1137:ISBN 1112:ISBN 1084:ISBN 992:1969 794:1969 754:1969 515:Hair 179:Plot 67:Book 1243:Jet 752:Jet 665:of 643:of 432:in 150:of 1561:: 1511:. 1497:. 1465:. 1416:. 1394:. 1388:. 1366:. 1341:. 1308:. 1296:. 1290:. 1263:. 1246:. 1240:. 1196:. 1182:. 1160:. 1135:. 1110:. 1082:. 1023:^ 951:^ 922:^ 907:^ 866:^ 837:^ 761:^ 739:^ 708:^ 619:. 599:, 446:. 302:. 175:. 135:. 1523:. 1475:. 1450:. 1426:. 1396:2 1376:. 1351:. 1326:. 1298:2 1281:. 1232:. 1208:. 1170:. 1145:. 1120:. 1092:.

Index


Playbill
Book
Atlanta
Broadway
revue
Atlanta
Broadway
Lester Maddox
segregationist
president of the United States
Edward Padula
Cort Theatre
Clive Barnes
The New York Times
Jay Garner
Richard Watts Jr.
New York Post
WNEW-TV
segregationist
nuclear holocaust
Georgia Allen
Fran Brill
Clarence Felder
Christopher Lloyd
Jay Garner
Edward Padula
Arthur Miller

Center Stage

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