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403:, a majority of American FR vehicles (station wagons and luxury sedans) were phased out for the front-engine, front-wheel drive (FF) layout – this trend would spawn the SUV-van conversion market. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, most American companies set as a priority the eventual removal of rear-wheel drive from their mainstream and luxury lineup. Chrysler went 100% FF by 1990 and
317:) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles feature a longitudinally-mounted engine at the front of the car.
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Some manufacturers, such as Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Porsche (944, 924, 928) and
Chevrolet (C5, C6, and C7 Corvettes), place the engine at the front of the car and the transmission at the rear of the car, in order to provide a more balanced weight distribution. This configuration is often referred to as a
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to be placed in-line with the engine output shaft, spreading weight under the vehicle. In comparison, a vehicle with the engine over the driven wheels eliminates the need for the drive shaft (replacing this with the transaxle of lighter combined weight), but has the disadvantage of concentrating all
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In order to reduce the relative weight of the drive shaft, the transmission was normally split into two parts: the gearbox and the final drive. The gearbox was normally produced with its highest gear being 1:1, which offers some mechanical advantages. The final drive, in the rear axle, would then
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In the 21st century, most cars are FF, including all front-engined economy cars, though FR cars are making a return as an alternative to large sport-utility vehicles. In North
America, GM returned to the production of FR-based luxury vehicles with the 2003
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In an era when petrol was cheap and cars were heavy, the mechanical advantages of the front-engine, rear-wheel-drive (FR) drivetrain layout made up for any disadvantage in weight terms. It remained almost universal among car designs until the 1970s.
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were almost exclusively FR until the late 1970s and early 1980s. Toyota's first FF vehicle was the Toyota Tercel, with the
Corolla and Celica later becoming FF while the Camry was designed as an FF from the beginning. The Supra, Cressida,
221:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
439:) until they were discontinued in 2011 in favour of the Ford Taurus, which Ford discontinued production in 2019, being formally available with either a transverse front-wheel drive or all-wheel drive layout.
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has a mostly FR lineup. Subaru's BRZ is an FR car. The fact that a driveshaft is needed to transfer power to the rear wheels means a large centre tunnel between the rear seats; therefore, cars such as the
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Many of the cars built in the 19th century were rear-wheel drive, often with the engine mounted at the rear of the car. The first rear-wheel drive car with the engine mounted at the front was an 1895
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model, so this layout was known as the "Système
Panhard" in the early years. The layout has the advantage of minimizing mechanical complexity, as it allows the
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is the product of torque and angular velocity, spinning the shaft faster for any given power reduces the torque and allows a lighter shaft construction.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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in 2011 and the
Australasia-only Falcon in 2016. Excluding trucks, vans, and SUVs, the Mustang is the only FR vehicle remaining in their lineup.
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remained mostly independent of this trend and retained a lineup mostly or entirely made up of FR cars. Japanese mainstream marques such as
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The most common layout for a rear-wheel drive car is with the engine and transmission at the front of the car, mounted longitudinally.
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has stayed rear-wheel drive, as it must maintain a sporty presence, as were Ford's full-size cars based on the
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having consistently strong sales until their discontinuation in the late 2010s. In Europe,
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on a FR platform. They also maintain FR layout on the now unibody Grand
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reduce this to the most appropriate speed for the wheels. As
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are FR-based vehicles. Chevrolet reintroduced the FR-based
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and adopted for all mainstream cars. Upscale marques like
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628:"Comparison Test: Front-Wheel Drive Vs. Rear-Wheel Drive"
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in 2011. Pontiac also had a short run with the FR-based
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103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
649:"2005 Ford Mustang - Popular Hot Rodding Magazine"
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536:. A Chevrolet replacement for the G8 called the
357:, a modern example of a rear-wheel drive sedan
342:since the transmission and axle are one unit.
256:accompanying your translation by providing an
205:Click for important translation instructions.
192:expand this article with text translated from
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66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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327:Car layout § Rear-wheel drive layouts
298:Learn how and when to remove this message
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
1146:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
603:Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout
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1492:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
651:. Popularhotrodding.com. Archived from
454:was popularized by small cars like the
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701:. Rearwheeldrive.org. Archived from
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101:adding citations to reliable sources
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268:{{Translated|de|Hinterradantrieb}}
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1156:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
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630:. Popular Mechanics. 2004-09-13
88:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
1793:Template:EC car classification
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491:remained FR. Luxury division
375:the weight in one location.
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1482:Gasoline / petrol
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512:. As of 2012, all but the
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397:Arab oil embargo of 1973
1522:Liquified petroleum gas
1334:Driverless (autonomous)
277:For more guidance, see
1427:Compressed natural gas
1354:Personal rapid transit
583:Individual wheel drive
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1693:Dual motor-four-wheel
1291:Town (Coupé de Ville)
556:Coupe and Sedan, the
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425:Ford Panther platform
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279:Knowledge:Translation
250:copyright attribution
1704:Engine configuration
97:improve this article
1710:internal combustion
1512:Internal combustion
1319:All-terrain vehicle
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699:"Automaker Ratings"
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1537:Drive wheels
1310:Specialized
1231:Pickup truck
1136:Cabrio coach
980:Sports sedan
955:Grand tourer
707:. Retrieved
703:the original
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682:. Retrieved
678:the original
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653:the original
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510:Cadillac CTS
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95:Please help
90:verification
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1814:Car layouts
1730:Four-stroke
1630:Front-front
1570:Eight-wheel
1545:Front-wheel
1477:Natural gas
1462:Fossil fuel
1417:Biogasoline
1103:Body styles
1031:Vintage car
598:Drive wheel
526:Caprice PPV
448:Ford Falcon
1819:Drivetrain
1808:Categories
1755:Two-stroke
1651:Front-rear
1644:Rear-front
1560:Four-wheel
1550:Rear-wheel
1389:Propulsion
1379:Voiturette
1364:Flying car
1359:Police car
1324:Amphibious
1236:Quad coupé
1126:Berlinetta
843:Street rod
785:Subcompact
709:2011-11-11
684:2008-06-26
659:2011-11-11
634:2015-11-14
614:References
562:Kia Quoris
395:After the
123:newspapers
52:improve it
1665:Rear-rear
1575:Ten-wheel
1565:Six-wheel
1555:Two-wheel
1467:Fuel cell
1407:Biodiesel
1374:Tow truck
1349:Pedal car
1329:Connected
1301:Vis-Ă -vis
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833:Lead sled
810:Full-size
790:Supermini
498:Mazda RX8
460:Renault 5
419:. Ford's
340:transaxle
272:talk page
224:Consider
196:in German
58:talk page
1788:Category
1765:W engine
1750:Straight
1507:Hydrogen
1472:Fuel gas
1437:Electric
1312:vehicles
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876:Personal
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838:Lowrider
805:Mid-size
572:See also
500:and the
413:Firebird
409:Corvette
399:and the
248:provide
1760:V (Vee)
1735:H-block
1501:plug-in
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1454: (
1452:Ethanol
1441:battery
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1344:Gyrocar
1339:Go-kart
1286:Touring
1281:Torpedo
1226:Phaeton
1206:Minibus
1171:Hardtop
1016:Economy
1011:Classic
1006:Antique
990:Go-kart
922:Compact
899:Leisure
894:Compact
828:Hot rod
800:Compact
768:By size
554:Genesis
550:Durango
546:Charger
489:Century
421:Mustang
368:Panhard
346:History
270:to the
252:in the
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795:Family
753:design
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487:, and
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381:power
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544:and
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244:You
116:news
1603:Mid
1456:E85
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1111:2+2
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1021:Ute
914:SUV
780:Kei
751:Car
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315:RWD
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