Real-time strategy

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sucked because of a lack of innovation and poor design. Chuck felt the category was in a long, slow decline, because the players were moving to more exciting genres ... I felt that the genre had a lot of potential – the surface was barely scratched as far as I as concerned, especially from a design standpoint. So I took it as a personal challenge and figured how to harness realtime dynamics with great game controls into a fast-paced wargame . . . Herzog Zwei was a lot of fun, but I have to say the other inspiration for Dune II was the Mac software interface. The whole design/interface dynamics of mouse clicking and selecting desktop items got me thinking, 'Why not allow the same inside the game environment? Why not a context-sensitive playfield? To hell with all these hotkeys, to hell with keyboard as the primary means of manipulating the game!

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as well as reducing the number of resource types, unit types, and building types to make the game more accessible to new users. In an interview between game journalist Bryant Francis and Clash of Clans developer Stuart McGaw, McGaw attributed Clash of Clan's design to "a focus on simplicity and accessibility", something that "anyone could pick up and play", while also retaining "the strategy DNA", that gives players "lots of options" while remaining "clear to understand". Multiple other mobile games, such as

1787:— comparing them unfavorably to real-time tactics games. Players' awareness that the only way for them to win or lose is militarily makes them unlikely to respond to gestures of diplomacy. The result is that the winner of a real-time strategy game is too often the best tactician rather than the best strategist. Troy Goodfellow counters this by saying that the problem is not that real-time strategy games are lacking in strategy (he says attrition is a form of strategy), rather it is that they too often have the 1936: 1413:

ultimate victory condition. Unlike in RTS, a player has control over the only one single powerful unit, called "hero" or "champion", who advances in level, learns new abilities, and grows in power over the course of a match. Players can find various friendly and enemy units on the map at any given time assisting each team, however, these units are computer-controlled and players usually don't have direct control over their movement and

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establish defenses or production. Although this strategy has been criticized for encouraging overwhelming force over strategy and tactics, defenders of the strategy argue that they're simply taking advantage of the strategies utilized, and some argue that it is a realistic representation of warfare. One of the most infamous versions of a rush is the "Zergling rush" from the real-time strategy game

882:, though the player only controls one unit, the manner of control foreshadowed the point-and-click mechanic of later games. Scott Sharkey of 1UP argues that it introduced much of the genre conventions, including unit construction and resource management, with the control and destruction of bases being an important aspect of the game, as were the economic/production aspects of those bases. 2014:, where all projectiles, units and terrain were simulated in real time, taking full advantage of the UI's zoom feature, which allowed cartographic style navigation of the 3D environment. This led to a number of unique gameplay elements, which were mostly obscured by the lack of computing power available in 2007, at the release date. 1012:(1992) featured all the core concepts and mechanics of modern real-time strategy games that are still used today, such as using the mouse to move units, and gathering resources, and as such served as the prototype for later real-time strategy games. According to its co-designer and lead programmer, Joe Bostic, a "benefit over 1751:, "A player controls hundreds of units, dozens of buildings and many different events that are all happening simultaneously. There is only one player, and he can only pay attention to one thing at a time. Expert players can quickly flip between many different tasks, while casual gamers have more problems with this." 1530:, allowed RTS game developers to produce smaller-scale and increasingly accessible Indie-RTS games. These RTS games often are more true to the traditional RTS formula, with the player having the "perspective of god" and managing units and resources. Such Indie-RTS Games released in this period were often subject to 1844:, where the Zerg player would morph one of their starting workers (or the first one produced) into a spawning pool immediately and use all of their resources to produce Zerglings, attacking once they have enough to overwhelm any early defense; in fact, the term "zerging" has become synonymous with rushing. 1837:

gave birth to the now-common "tank rush" tactic, where the game outcome is often decided very early on by one player gaining an initial advantage in resources and producing large amounts of a relatively powerful but still quite cheap unit—which is thrown at the opposition before they have had time to

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deals with a player's constant need to manage and maintain individual units and resources on a fine scale. On the other hand, macromanagement refers to a player's management of economic expansion and large-scale strategic maneuvering, allowing the player time to think and consider possible solutions.

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Oftentimes, modern RTS games attempt to capture the "nostalgia" of classic RTS games. Rusted Warfare (2017), is an indie-mobile release which is a good example of a traditional-style RTS which utilizes assets from the unreleased Hard Vacuum (1993) to create a "revived" RTS experience. Hard Vacuum was

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genre, Clash of Clans still possesses many of the classic RTS elements, such as a "perspective of god", control over buildings and mobile units, and resource management. It also introduces and simplifies specific elements of an RTS to fit the mobile format with "idle" resource gathering and defenses,

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has lost many traditional RTS elements. These type of games moved away from constructing additional structures, base management, army building, and controlling additional units. Map and the main structures for each team are still present, and destroying enemy main structure will secure victory as the

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A second criticism of the RTS genre is the importance of skill over strategy in real-time strategy games. The manual dexterity and ability to multitask and divide one's attention is often considered the most important aspect to succeeding at the RTS genre. According to Troy Dunniway, former Westwood

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The inspiration for Dune II was partly from Populous, partly from my work on Eye Of The Beholder and the final and perhaps most crucial part came from an argument I once had with Chuck Kroegel, then vice president of Strategic Simulations Inc ... The crux of my argument with Chuck was that wargames

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The common retort is that success involves not just fast clicking, but also the ability to make sound decisions under time pressure. The "clickfest" argument is also often voiced alongside a "button babysitting" criticism, which pointed out that a great deal of game time is spent either waiting and

1203:, which was also released in 1999 and featured a nearly 100% 3D environment, attempted to combine the RTS genre with a first-person shooter (FPS) genre although it was not a particularly successful title. These games were followed by a short period of interest in experimental strategy games such as 2208:

It wasn't until some time after the game was in development that I decided to call it "real-time strategy"--it seems obvious now, but there was a lot of back and forth between calling it a "real-time war game", "real-time war", "wargame", or "strategy game". I was deeply concerned that words like

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The genre recognized today as "real-time strategy" emerged from an extended period of evolution and refinement. Games sometimes perceived as ancestors of the real-time strategy genre were never marketed or designed as such. As a result, designating "early real-time strategy" titles is problematic

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In a typical real-time strategy game, the screen is divided into a map area displaying the game world and terrain, units, and buildings, and an interface overlay containing command and production controls and often a "radar" or "minimap" overview of the entire map. The player is usually given an

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This mostly a concern with older RTS games that did not feature building queues, meaning that players would have to click the button to build a unit soon after it was completed. However, in some games where units have timed abilities that must be explicitly activated, for instance heroes in the

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Although games such as Populous and SimCity are certainly played in real time, these give rise to the "god game" genre, which includes such titles as the city-builder series from Impressions, Will Wright's innovative designs, and much of Peter Molyneux's work, including the upcoming Black &

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The real-time strategy genre has been relatively stable since 1995. Additions to the genre's concept in newer games tend to emphasize more of the basic RTS elements (higher unit caps, more unit types, larger maps, etc.). Rather than innovations to the game concept, new games generally focus on

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Early computer strategy games adhered firmly to the turn-based concepts of their board game ancestors, where—by necessity—players had time to plan their turns before their opponents had a chance to move. Real-time strategy changed all of that so that games would begin to more closely resemble

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had already "offered a nearly perfect solution to the problem by giving the player direct control of a single powerful unit and near autonomy for everything else," and is surprised "that more console RTS games aren't designed with this kind of interface in mind from the ground up, rather than

1764:, he said, " was my realizing that although we call this genre 'Real-Time Strategy,' it should have been called 'Real-Time Tactics' with a dash of strategy thrown in." (Taylor then posits his own game as having surpassed this mold by including additional elements of broader strategic scope.) 1553:

Traditional RTS games released in the late 2010s - early 2020s were developed with a focus on coupling the traditional-style gameplay with uniquely styled, or hyper-realistic graphics. These RTS games are often Indie-RTS games, but released on a multitude of platforms. Some RTS releases like

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In a real-time strategy game, each participant positions structures and maneuvers multiple units under their indirect control to secure areas of the map and destroy their opponents' assets. In a typical RTS game, it is possible to create additional units and structures generally limited by a

1986:, the game is set in space, offering a uniquely exploitable 3D environment in which all units can move vertically in addition to the horizontal plane. However, the near-industry-wide switch to full 3D was very gradual and most real-time strategy titles, including the first sequels to 244:; for example, the technique of "clicking and dragging" to create a box that selects all units under a given area. Though some video game genres share conceptual and gameplay similarities with the RTS template, recognized genres are generally not subsumed as RTS games. For instance, 1550:

intended to include "resource gathering from mineral deposits", "base building", and "a wide range of fighting with units". Rusted Warfare and other traditional RTS titles utilized the element of classic PC-gaming nostalgia in order to drive the game-playing experience.

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computer games. In the past, a common criticism was to regard real-time strategy games as "cheap imitations" of turn-based strategy games, arguing that real-time strategy games had a tendency to devolve into "click-fests" in which the player who was faster with the

756:. The winner of the magazine's annual Game Contest, the author described it as a "single-player game of real-time action and strategic decision making". The magazine described it as "a real-time space strategy game". The game has elements of resource management and 1608:

Gameplay generally consists of the player being positioned somewhere in the map with a few units or a building that is capable of building other units/buildings. Often, but not always, the player must build specific structures to unlock more advanced units in the

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is more concerned with short-term goals such as winning an individual battle. In the context of strategy video games, however, the difference is often reduced to the more limited criteria of either a presence or absence of base building and unit production.

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is that we had the advantage of a mouse and keyboard. This greatly facilitated precise player control, which enabled the player to give orders to individual units. The mouse, and the direct control it allowed, was critical in making the RTS genre possible.”

1490:, mobile RTS games were often simpler than their desktop counterparts. The simplification of the RTS formula coupled with the adoption of the smartphone during this period allowed for mobile RTS games to be more accessible than traditional RTS games. 1030:(1994) achieved great prominence upon its release, owing in part to its use of a fantasy setting and also to its depiction of a wide variety of buildings (such as farms) which approximated a full fictitious society and not just a military force. 1803:

of combat tactics, suggesting real-time tactics games as a more suitable substitute. He also says that developers need to begin looking outside the genre for new ideas in order for strategy games to continue to be successful in the future.

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Although real-time strategy games have an extensive history, some titles have served to define the popular perception of the genre and expectations of the genre more than others, in particular the games released between 1992 and 1998 by

1676:(and related genres) based on the merits of the real-time and turn-based systems. Because of their generally faster-paced nature (and in some cases a smaller learning curve), real-time strategy games have surpassed the popularity of 808:(or "simulation RPG"); the game revolves around the player leading an army across a battlefield against enemy forces in real-time while recruiting/spawning soldiers along the way, for which it is considered by Ray Barnholt of 1613:. Often, but not always, RTS games require the player to build an army (ranging from small squads of no more than 2 units, to literally hundreds of units) and using them to either defend themselves from a virtual form of 1349:(RTT) template, have moved toward an increased focus on tactics while downplaying traditional resource management, in which designated units collect the resources used for producing further units or buildings. Titles like 1992:, initially used isometric 3D graphics made by pre-rendered 3D tiles. Only in later years did these games begin to use true 3D graphics and gameplay, making it possible to rotate the view of the battlefield in real-time. 1617:

or to eliminate enemies who possess bases with unit production capacities of their own. Occasionally, RTS games will have a preset number of units for the player to control and do not allow building of additional ones.

229:. These resources are in turn garnered by controlling special points on the map or possessing certain types of units and structures devoted to this purpose. More specifically, the typical game in the RTS genre features 1831:" where the players try to gain the advantage and subsequently defeat the opponent as quickly in the game as possible, preferably before the opposition is capable of successfully reacting. For example, the original 696:(1981), citing it as the "birth of a genre", with a "real-time element" that was "virtually unheard of", thus making it "arguably the earliest ancestor of the real-time strategy genre". According to Ars Technica, 655:

because such games are being held up to modern standards. The genre initially evolved separately in the United Kingdom, Japan, and North America, afterward gradually merging into a unified worldwide tradition.

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strategy: produce faster than you consume. He also states that building and managing armies is the conventional definition of real-time strategy, and that it is unfair to make comparisons with other genres.

1277:(2001) offered a simpler model: the main map contains locations that expand into their own maps. In these examples, however, the gameplay was essentially identical regardless of the map layer in question. 2209:"strategy" and "wargame" would keep many players from even trying this completely new game dynamic. Before 1992, wargames and strategy games were very much niche markets—with the exception of 672:

company. He stated that it had "far better support than many of the application programs used in the business", with a published manual and regular schedule. Comparing its complexity to

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White. Games in this genre tend to appeal to their own fans, and while there definitely is an overlap between these two genres, gamers generally see them as distinct from one another.

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series (2007-2021), and more have (varyingly) adapted the RTS format in the same manner as Clash of Clans, and in turn developed a style of RTS unique to the mobile game industry.

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are at a serious disadvantage when the opponent is on high ground because the missiles often hit the cliffside, even in the case when the attacker is a missile-armed helicopter.

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Real-time strategy games have been criticized for an overabundance of tactical considerations when compared to the amount of strategic gameplay found in such games. According to

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Micromanagement involves the use of combat tactics involved in the present, whereas macromanagement considers the greater scale of the game in an attempt to predict the future.

1367:(2006) replace the traditional resource gathering model with a strategic control-point system, in which control over strategic points yields construction/reinforcement points. 1588:, showing typical RTS interface elements such as a resource overview (top left), a map of the game world (bottom left), and a description of the selected unit (bottom center) 149: 1090:, which became an international phenomenon and is still played in large professional leagues to this day. Collectively, all of these games defined the genre, providing the 2699: 1283:(2005) emphasized its dual-layer maps by placing one of the game's two main resources in each map, making exploration and control of both maps fundamentally valuable. 388: 1724:

series has a combination of a turn-based strategy map with a real-time battle map. Another example of a game combining both turn-based game and real-time-strategy is

925:– 1990). Although these two lacked direct control of military units, they both offered considerable control of resource management and economic systems. In addition, 1621:

Resource gathering is commonly the main focus of the RTS games, but other titles of the genre place higher gameplay significance to how units are used in combat (

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series have a combination of a (turn-based) strategy map with a (real-time) battle map, allowing the player to concentrate on one or the other. The games of the

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watching for the next time a production button could be clicked, or rapidly alternating between different units and buildings, clicking their respective button.

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mode where both players are in action simultaneously and there are no pauses while decisions are taken, forcing players to think quickly while on the move. In

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series also combine a strategy map and a battle map (in full real-time) and the player can at any point in time seamlessly zoom in and out in between both.

5242: 52: 2764: 5199: 1265:(2000) allowed units to tunnel underground, effectively creating a dual-layer map; three-layer (orbit-surface-underground) maps were introduced in 1251:

The move from 2D to 3D has been criticized in some cases. Issues with controlling the camera and placement of objects have been cited as problems.

1923:, generated generally positive reviews, achieved an 82% critic average on aggregate web sites, and sold over 1 million copies. According to 3911: 5237: 4489: 1631:

genre. Some titles impose a ceiling on the number simultaneous troops, which becomes a key gameplay consideration, a significant example being

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have been consistently criticized due to their control schemes, as the PC's keyboard and mouse are considered to be superior to a console's

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to expand to and develop. Innovation on the traditional RTS format accelerated throughout the early 2010s as RTS games were released on the

4075: 636: 1498:(2012), is a good example of a game which modified the RTS format into a simpler mobile experience. While often classified in the broader 740:"attempted real time strategy", it was "much more tactical than strategic" due to "the inability to construct units or manage resources". 3042: 2046:, in order to increase realism experienced in gameplay. A modern real-time strategy game that uses a physics engine is Ensemble Studios' 1962:

travel in real time in simulated 3D space, and they can miss their target by passing over or under it. Similarly, missile-armed units in

953:(1991) had resource gathering, and controlling an attacking army by having them follow a lead unit. However, it was with the release of 560: 3779: 3697: 3546: 4107: 4025: 2965: 3868: 2644: 5379: 1271:. In addition, units could even be transported to entirely separate maps, with each map having its own window in the user interface. 392: 373: 3017: 2717: 1376:

Others are moving away from the traditional real-time strategy game model with the addition of other genre elements. One example is

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Chambers, C.; Feng, W.; Feng, W.; Saha, D. (June 2005). "Mitigating information exposure to cheaters in real-time strategy games".

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You can't really talk about the real-time strategy genre without giving a nod to Dune II, the title that kicked off the phenomena.

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for example, awards credits for territory captured rather than gathered resources), the extreme example of which are games of the

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for ZX Spectrum in 1987. In North America, the oldest game retrospectively classified as real-time strategy by several sources is

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which allows players, in a 'War of the Ring' game, to play a turn-based strategy game, but also battle each other in real time.

943:, involved real-time responses to events in the game, requiring management of resources and control of vehicles. The early game 5192: 4568: 2131: 1771:

refers to the use of a broad arsenal of weapons including diplomatic, informational, military, and economic resources, whereas

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game with hybrid elements that ran "in real-time but events happened on a regular turn-based cycle." According to Brett Weiss,

575: 249: 144: 2909: 2878: 2736: 1869:, laying the foundations for the real-time strategy genre, RTS games never gained popularity on consoles like they did on the 1259:

A few games have experimented with diversifying map design, which continues to be largely two-dimensional even in 3D engines.

4053: 3962: 2670: 2225: 427: 1927:, the gameplay lacks the traditional RTS concepts of limited resources and resource gathering and lacks multiple buildings. 5372: 1747: 580: 3723: 3586: 2515:

Vintage Games: An Insider Look at the History of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the Most Influential Games of All Time

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Vintage Games: An Insider Look at the History of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the Most Influential Games of All Time

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since their 1998 and 2002 releases. The games have been so successful that some players have earned over $ 200,000 at the

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in 1989 as "arguably the first RTS game ever", and it is often cited as "the first real-time strategy game" according to

570: 555: 175: 2213:'s work—so my fears were justified. But in the end, it was best to call it an "RTS" because that is exactly what it was. 1398:(2011), which incorporates time travel as a game mechanic, allowing a player to send units forward or backward in time. 892:

as a landmark that defined the genre and as "the progenitor of all modern real-time strategy games." Chuck Sperry cited

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series made supply and (seasonal) resource management an integral part of its gameplay, thus limiting rapid expansion.

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featured a 3D environment in space, therefore allowing movement in every direction, a feature which its semi-sequel,

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games (MOBA) have originated as a subgenre of real-time strategy games, however this fusion of real-time strategy,

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is another real-time strategy game that uses realistically modeled physics as a part of gameplay, including fully

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reality: Time was limited, and if you wasted yours, your opponents would probably be taking advantage of theirs.

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imitating" PC control schemes "that just doesn't work very well with a controller". Some handheld consoles like

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Proceedings of the international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video

3095: 2991: 1980:(all released in 1999) advanced the use of fully 3D environments in real-time strategy titles. In the case of 1084:

with the real-time strategy concept by introducing ages of technologies. In 1998, Blizzard released the game

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This criticism has ushered into a couple of hybrid designs that try to resolve the issues. The games of the

1783:, Nathan Toronto criticizes real-time strategy games for too often having only one valid means of victory — 4654: 4639: 4504: 4412: 3490: 1848: 1815: 1755: 1716: 1567: 1429: 1300: 917: 299: 226: 1739: 812:

to be an early prototype real-time strategy game. Another early title with real-time strategy elements is

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Some games have since introduced designs that do not easily lend themselves to rushes. For example the

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are generally not considered real-time strategy per se. This would only apply to anything considered a

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Aha, D.; Molineaux, M.; Ponsen, M. (September 7, 2005). Muñoz-Ávila, HéCtor; Ricci, Francesco (eds.).

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game-play experience in three dimensions. The most ambitious use of full 3D graphics was realized in

1332: 1123: 550: 3218: 1570:(2023) are examples of modern RTS games that are focused on providing a traditional RTS experience. 708:

is often cited as "the first real-time strategy game." According to Matt Barton and Bill Loguidice,

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Relatively few genres have emerged from or in competition with real-time strategy games, although

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Silva, Victor do Nascimento; Chaimowicz, Luiz (May 30, 2017). "MOBA: a New Arena for Game AI".

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first) real-time strategy games ." On the other hand, Scott Sharkey of 1UP argues that, while

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units, terrain, and physics in both rendering and in gameplay. For instance, the missiles in

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SSI's most famous non-CRPG game is probably Cytron Masters (1982), one of the first (if not

2477: 836:(1988) is regarded as a precursor to the real-time strategy genre, being the predecessor to 5320: 4999: 4890: 4734: 4530: 4224: 4182: 3620: 2343: 2272: 2195: 2160: 2000: 1998:

is a good example of the transformation from semi-3D to full-3D game simulations. It is an

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It is only in approximately 2002 that 3D real-time strategy became the standard, with both

480: 1068:. It featured a streamlined interface that would influence many RTS games in later years. 8: 5452: 4756: 4706: 4661: 4494: 4374: 2478: 2107: 1828: 1677: 1673: 1584: 1563: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1187: 832: 701: 692: 241: 208: 200: 128: 3404: 3354: 1578: 5447: 5437: 5407: 5249: 5157: 5099: 4761: 4604: 4581: 4437: 4407: 4242: 4212: 4001: 3968: 3380: 3147: 2452: 2048: 1874: 1628: 1598: 1433: 1305: 1052: 317: 245: 230: 161: 123: 113: 83: 3843:"Halo Wars Review; Ensemble takes Halo, and real-time strategy, to a whole new planet" 664:

a multiplayer, real-time strategy space game that ran ("and probably still is") on an

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The tasks a player must perform to win an RTS game can be very demanding, and complex

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from 1997 introduced the first 3D units and terrain in real-time strategy games. The

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in 1997, introduced 3D units and terrain and focused on huge battles that emphasized

961:(1992) that real-time strategy became recognized as a distinct genre of video games. 912: 410: 253: 67: 3842: 5315: 5308: 5152: 5063: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4823: 4818: 4773: 4614: 4379: 4280: 4219: 4159: 4116: 4041: 4005: 3993: 3972: 3950: 3190: 3180: 2913: 2043: 1772: 1605:

the screen and issue commands with the mouse, and may also use keyboard shortcuts.

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focus on historical setting and age advancement was refined further by its sequel,

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uses turn-based combat and real-time gameplay, while the real-time strategy games

1197:, released in 2003, streamlined movement in the 360° 3D environment. Furthermore, 5442: 5286: 5121: 4811: 4666: 4287: 4247: 4197: 3997: 3519: 3429: 3411: 2847: 2102:

tournaments are held yearly, as it is becoming an increasingly popular branch of

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Some titles attempt to merge the two systems: for example, the role-playing game

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling

3185: 3168: 1042:(1996), became the most popular early RTS games. These two games contended with 207:, but allow all players to play simultaneously, in "real time." By contrast, in 4766: 4472: 4356: 4268: 4263: 4154: 3731: 3594: 3123: 2570:"The History of Computer Role-Playing Games Part 2: The Golden Age (1985-1993)" 2312: 1685:

generally won, because they could give orders to their units at a faster rate.

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games, players take turns to play. The term "real-time strategy" was coined by

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However, several console titles in the genre received positive reception. The

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series allow the player to pause the game and issue orders. Additionally, the

863:. It combines traditional strategy gameplay with fully real-time, fast-paced, 5469: 5303: 4910: 4751: 4692: 4543: 4484: 4275: 4234: 4177: 3573: 3204: 3018:"The History of Real Time Strategy, Part 3.2: Polygons and Pixels, continued" 2721: 2032: 2027: 1935: 1499: 1487: 1322: 1244: 907: 800: 62: 3954: 3896: 3893:

Havok announces the use of the Havok Game Dynamics SDK in Age of Empires III

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A third common criticism is that real-time gameplay often degenerates into "

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that involved directing a set of troops across various enemy-filled levels.

5346: 5147: 5109: 4951: 4801: 4719: 4384: 4346: 4307: 4207: 4187: 4169: 3873: 3815: 2781: 2546: 2432: 2405: 2098: 2086: 1972: 1882: 1866: 1239: 1218: 1213:

was notable for being one of the few completely non-linear RTS games ever.

1177: 1159: 933:

that determine offensive and defensive prowess. Another early (1988) game,

856: 779: 686: 525: 500: 212: 5177: 1534:, and often made it to mobile devices. A few of these Indie-RTS games are 1373:(2000) was the first such game to replace individual units with "squads". 5341: 5291: 5058: 5032: 4855: 4828: 4806: 4609: 4558: 4202: 4137: 3169:"Towards Procedural Map and Character Generation for the MOBA Game Genre" 2485: 2119: 2022: 2018: 1861: 1555: 1508: 1409: 1386:, which mixes elements of grand-scale stellar empire building games like 1193: 983: 884: 868: 864: 848: 823: 818: 774: 460: 447: 329: 3030:

Homeworld was the first fully three-dimensional RTS game to be released.

2035:

title released in 2007, which features hand-drawn animated 2D graphics.

5432: 5422: 5412: 5104: 5080: 5027: 4915: 4619: 4538: 4146: 3982:"The effect of latency on user performance in Real-Time Strategy games" 3784: 2401:"Build, gather, brawl, repeat: The history of real-time strategy games" 1519: 1504: 1479: 1475: 1291: 1261: 853: 827: 679: 108: 98: 88: 3329:"Game Developer | Game Industry News, Deep Dives, and Developer Blogs" 3195: 712:"helped set the template" for the genre, but has "more in common with 4878: 4796: 4499: 4477: 4065:"Online planning for resource production in real-time strategy games" 4045: 3648: 2574: 2210: 2115: 2080: 1994: 1982: 1944: 1915: 1840: 1780: 1610: 1602: 1543: 1483: 1326: 1181:(2000) were among the first completely 3D real-time strategy titles. 1171: 1086: 660: 4085: 3944: 2807: 1290:(RTT), a superficially similar genre, emerged around 1995. In 1998, 1078:

in 1997 tried to put a game in a slower pace, combining elements of

1024:

encouraged several games that became influential in their own right.

5142: 5094: 5040: 4966: 4956: 4835: 4548: 3152: 2703: 2267: 2103: 1920: 1910: 1594: 1094:

benchmark against which new real-time strategy games are measured.

765: 747: 257: 4063:

Chan, H.; Fern, A.; Ray, S.; Wilson, N. & Ventura, C. (2007).

3755:"The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-earth II (Xbox 360)" 2910:"The Making of Dune II - The birth of the real-time strategy game" 1672:

A debate has emerged between fans of real-time strategy (RTS) and

1191:(2000) continued to build upon adding features such as waypoints. 789:(1984), designed by Dave and Barry Murry of Evryware, followed by 5336: 4442: 4062: 3328: 3272:"Best Modern MOBA Games - LoL, Dota 2, HotS & Smite Compared" 2725: 1955: 1886: 1878: 1796: 1531: 1008: 898: 889: 809: 763:

In the United Kingdom, the earliest real-time strategy games are

757: 714: 440: 217: 1470:

2012–present: Expansion and adaptation to various gaming formats

1392:

with real-time strategy elements. Another example is indie game

840:

and somewhat similar in nature, though primitive in comparison.

726:(1979) as the oldest "2D Real-Time Strategy". Barton also cites 3869:"OpenHV - Free RTS Based on C&C Red Alert Gets New Version" 3301: 2449:

Classic Home Video Games, 1972–1984: A Complete Reference Guide

2038:

From 2010, real-time strategy games more commonly incorporated

1905: 1438: 1394: 1248:(2001) was another full 3D game, but had limited camera views. 945: 4035: 5087: 4928: 1321:, a game modification based on the Half-Life engine, and the 1097: 950: 240:

have evolved for them. Some features have been borrowed from

1799:, Mark Walker criticizes real-time strategy games for their 1342:(2003) combined the RPG and RTS elements in an online game. 1597:

perspective of the world, or a free-roaming camera from an

1137:

series brought population caps into the tens of thousands.

813: 4015:"Case-based plan recognition for real-time strategy games" 3355:"20 Years Ago, Valve Changed How We Play PC Games Forever" 2428:"The evolution of gaming: computers, consoles, and arcade" 1254: 3516:"Point – CounterPoint: Turn Based vs. Real Time Strategy" 2740: 1924: 843: 1954:(1997) was the first real-time strategy game to utilize 260:, where the player assumes a god-like role of creation. 4714: 1518:

Beginning in the early-mid 2010s, the expansion of the

1103:

refining aspects of successful predecessors. Cavedog's

4012: 3698:"Strategy Gaming: Part VI – Where the Genre is Headed" 1638: 1727:

The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-Earth II

3465:"Strategy Gaming: Part V – Real-Time vs. Turn-Based" 3440: 2642: 1885:have been met with mixed success. Scott Sharkey of 1454:(2015), are the typical representatives of the new 3491:"Theatre of War by 1C and Battlefront – Interview" 3296:O'Connor, Frank; Smith, Luke (February 19, 2008). 3045:. StrategyPlanet. December 6, 2000. Archived from 2636: 4022:Proc. of the 5th Game-On International Conference 3295: 2879:"The Origin of Realtime Strategy Games on the PC" 5467: 3035: 2959: 2957: 1294:attempted to combine the real-time strategy and 732:(1982), saying it was "one of the first (if not 5394: 3663: 3270:Amstrup, Johannes; ersen (September 15, 2017). 3166: 3145: 2512: 2475: 2052:, released on October 18, 2005, which used the 1417:; instead, they march forward along set paths. 3689: 3614: 3612: 2885:. Above the Garage Productions. Archived from 2873: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2226:"Top ten real-time strategy games of all time" 2078:RTS World tournaments have been held for both 556:History of East Asian role-playing video games 5380: 5271:History of massively multiplayer online games 5193: 4101: 4038:Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development 3866: 3538: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3245:"The history of MOBAs: From mod to sensation" 3167:Cannizzo, Alejandro; Ramírez, Esmitt (2015). 2954: 2394: 2392: 1740:Real-time tactics § Genre classification 1228:(2002) being built on a full 3D game engine. 630: 591:History of massively multiplayer online games 169: 3881: 3840: 3635: 3434: 3269: 3061: 2901: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2362: 2118:. RTS tournaments are especially popular in 1873:platform. Real-time strategy games made for 1635:, while other titles have no such unit cap. 964: 5207: 3716: 3672:"The Future Of The RTS – A Counter-Opinion" 3644:"The Future Of The Real-Time Strategy Game" 3609: 3565: 2801: 2799: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2247: 1661: 682:at 5 P.M., a lot of regular work stopped". 561:History of Western role-playing video games 5387: 5373: 5200: 5186: 4108: 4094: 4013:Cheng, D.; Thawonmas, R. (November 2004). 3669: 3451: 3116: 2907: 2867: 2389: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 1098:1995–2003: Refinement and transition to 3D 637: 623: 176: 162: 3194: 3184: 3151: 2828: 2611: 2561: 2469: 2371:"In Search of the Ultimate Computer Game" 3979: 3746: 3483: 3378: 2796: 2689: 2596: 2531: 1934: 1656: 1577: 203:that does not progress incrementally in 3641: 3441:Rollings, Andrew; Ernest Adams (2006). 3088: 2936:"The Essential 50 Part 31: Herzog Zwei" 2883:The Rise and Fall of Virgin Interactive 2805: 2663: 2336:"A History of Real-Time Strategy Games" 2333: 2287: 2263:"A History of Real-Time Strategy Games" 2188:"A History of Real-Time Strategy Games" 2185: 2153:"A History of Real-Time Strategy Games" 2150: 1822: 1733: 1255:2004–2012: Specialization and evolution 250:construction and management simulations 5468: 4081:from the original on October 10, 2008. 3909: 3752: 3695: 3618: 3510: 3508: 3326: 2992:"The History of Command & Conquer" 2513:Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (2012). 2476:Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (2009). 2132:List of real-time strategy video games 1913:, became a million-seller. Similarly, 576:History of tactical role-playing games 5368: 5181: 4115: 4089: 4031:from the original on August 12, 2007. 3980:Claypool, Mark (September 15, 2005). 3910:Burnes, Andrew (September 11, 2006). 3670:Goodfellow, Troy (January 28, 2008). 2643:Sartori-Angus, Alan (December 1982). 2539:"War of Nerves! - Overview - allgame" 2446: 2440: 2368: 2302: 1919:, which was released in 2009 for the 1478:in the 2010s led to a new market for 1436:from 2003, and its standalone sequel 905:Notable as well are early games like 769:by John Gibson, published in 1983 by 722:and later RTS games." Allgame listed 428:Timeline of arcade video game history 3867:Adrian Werner (September 24, 2021). 3642:Toronto, Nathan (January 24, 2008). 3117:Fahrenbach, Achim (April 25, 2010). 3072:. Game Industry News. Archived from 2966:"Strategy Gaming: Part I – A Primer" 2399:Moss, Richard (September 15, 2017). 2398: 1909:series, which began in 2001 for the 1900:on the GBA uses a similar solution. 1748:Command and Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars 1601:for modern 3D games. Players mainly 1314:games. Later variants have included 581:History of single-player video games 3780:"Halo Wars (xbox360: 2009) Reviews" 3505: 3423:Command & Conquer in-game image 3352: 3327:Bryant, Francis (August 22, 2022). 3067: 3015: 2708: 1881:for the genre. Thus, RTS games for 1639:Micromanagement and macromanagement 658:Tim Barry in May 1981 described in 571:History of real-time strategy games 13: 3938: 3895:. October 18, 2005. Archived from 3889:"Havok Enables Age of Empires III" 3841:Geddes, Ryan (February 20, 2009). 3621:"Supreme Commander Interview (PC)" 3544: 3462: 3160: 2963: 2912:. Read-Only Memory. Archived from 2567: 1486:. With the new format specific to 1274:Three Kingdoms: Fate of the Dragon 1211:Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds 1154:Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds 1009:Dune II: The Building of a Dynasty 609:List of video games in development 586:History of multiplayer video games 448:History of personal computer games 14: 5492: 5228:Massively multiplayer online game 3353:Bea, Robin (September 21, 2023). 2778:"IGN's Top 100 Games of All Time" 2715:Dru Hill: The Chronicle of Druaga 2260: 1745:developer who has also worked on 1458:subgenre. Former game journalist 746:in December 1982 published as an 690:traces the genre's roots back to 4320: 3949:. New York: ACM. pp. 7–12. 3730:. August 6, 2004. Archived from 3593:. September 2007. Archived from 2908:Winstanley, Cam (June 9, 2020). 2851:. Next-Gen.biz. December 9, 2008 2780:. Top100.ign.com. Archived from 2591:first) real-time strategy games. 2218: 2179: 2144: 2093:Warcraft III World Championships 2056:to power its real-time physics. 1526:'s gaming distribution service, 1048:after its release in late 1995. 1039:Command & Conquer: Red Alert 678:, Barry recalled that "when the 488:History of virtual reality games 423:Golden age of arcade video games 271: 34: 3903: 3860: 3834: 3804: 3772: 3579: 3522:. June 27, 2001. Archived from 3416: 3398: 3372: 3346: 3320: 3289: 3263: 3237: 3211: 3139: 3110: 3009: 2984: 2928: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2730: 2506: 2106:. Notable tournaments include 1402:Multiplayer online battle arena 1345:Some games, borrowing from the 1114:Age of Empires II: Age of Kings 5476:Real-time strategy video games 3753:Ocampo, Jason (July 7, 2006). 3696:Walker, Mark (February 2002). 3379:fgasking (December 28, 2022). 3070:"Emperor's Spice Flows Strong" 2420: 2327: 2067: 1854: 1536:Ultimate Epic Battle Simulator 1496:Supercell (video game company) 1339:Savage: The Battle for Newerth 1045:Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness 325:History of video game consoles 28:Real-time strategy video games 1: 5299:Social interaction in MMORPGs 3619:Keefer, John (July 8, 2005). 3591:Aspects of real-time strategy 3298:"The Official Bungie Podcast" 2137: 2004:project which aims to give a 1668:Time-keeping systems in games 1494:, a mobile game published by 1352:Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War 1222:(2002) and Ensemble Studio's 792:The Ancient Art of War at Sea 418:History of arcade video games 384:9th generation (2020–present) 379:8th generation (2012–present) 16:Strategy video game sub-genre 3998:10.1016/j.comnet.2005.04.008 3219:"How MOBAs Took Over Gaming" 3096:"Age of Empires 3 PC Review" 2808:"Mean Machines: Herzog Zwei" 2806:Glancey, Paul (April 1990). 2303:Adams, Dan (April 7, 2006). 1568:Last Train Home (video game) 300:Early history of video games 227:expend accumulated resources 7: 3493:. Armchair General Magazine 3444:Fundamentals of Game Design 3186:10.17230/ingciencia.11.22.5 3098:. TTGamer. December 5, 2005 2369:Barry, Tim (May 11, 1981). 2125: 2096:. In addition, hundreds of 1930: 1573: 1027:Warcraft: Orcs & Humans 10: 5497: 4318: 3912:"Company of Heroes Review" 3724:"StarCraft vs Dawn of War" 3547:"Strategy Gaming: Part II" 2843:"The Making of... Dune II" 2671:"RTSC Historical RTS List" 2071: 1737: 1665: 1642: 1474:The popularization of the 1231:Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns 798:In Japan, the earliest is 649: 374:7th generation (2005–2017) 369:6th generation (1998–2013) 364:5th generation (1993–2005) 359:4th generation (1987–2004) 354:3rd generation (1983–2003) 342:2nd generation (1976–1992) 337:1st generation (1972–1983) 263: 5403: 5354:Social networking service 5329: 5279: 5258: 5215: 5135: 5051: 5015: 4977: 4871: 4864: 4789: 4705: 4680: 4630: 4595: 4567: 4529: 4520: 4458: 4428: 4398: 4355: 4329: 4256: 4233: 4168: 4145: 4136: 4128:List of video game genres 4123: 3700:. GameSpy. Archived from 3549:. GameSpy. Archived from 3467:. GameSpy. Archived from 3119:"Dancing on the timeline" 2968:. GameSpy. Archived from 2517:. CRC Press. p. 73. 2228:. GameSpy. Archived from 2062:destructible environments 2017:Japanese game developers 1674:turn-based strategy (TBS) 1582:Screenshot from the game 1522:market on game developer 965:1992–1998: Seminal titles 209:turn-based strategy (TBS) 4420:Digital collectible card 3812:"Halo Wars for Xbox 360" 3576:this is still a concern. 2813:Computer and Video Games 1662:Turn-based vs. real-time 1542:series (2007-2012), and 1358:Star Wars: Empire at War 1308:attempted this with the 666:IBM System/370 Model 168 347:Video game crash of 1983 5266:History of online games 5209:Multiplayer video games 4505:Roguelike deck-building 4413:Roguelike deck-building 3955:10.1145/1065983.1065986 3572:real-time tactics game 3405:Starcraft in-game image 2875:Clarke-Willson, Stephen 2753:Top 10 Renovation Games 2054:Havok Game Dynamics SDK 1708:, and the games of the 1420:Defense of the Ancients 1148:Populous: The Beginning 1119:Stainless Steel Studios 981:Drawing influence from 854:Sega Mega Drive/Genesis 566:History of online games 508:History of cloud gaming 468:History of mobile games 280:Part of a series on the 2737:Sega Ages: Gain Ground 2305:"The State of the RTS" 1948: 1589: 1379:Sins of a Solar Empire 1304:(1998), while in 2002 976:Blizzard Entertainment 786:The Ancient Art of War 670:San Francisco Bay Area 286:History of video games 4747:Tactical role-playing 4512:Tactical role-playing 3597:on September 27, 2007 3428:May 24, 2010, at the 3410:May 24, 2010, at the 3333:www.gamedeveloper.com 2942:on September 13, 2004 2624:on September 13, 2004 2447:Weiss, Brett (2011). 1989:Command & Conquer 1938: 1834:Command & Conquer 1657:Criticism of gameplay 1581: 1058:Cavedog Entertainment 1033:Command & Conquer 305:Early mainframe games 5321:Non-player character 5223:Cooperative gameplay 5127:Vertically scrolling 3922:on November 30, 2007 3792:on February 27, 2009 3526:on February 26, 2007 3471:on December 21, 2008 3173:Ingeniería y Ciencia 3076:on February 26, 2008 3049:on December 26, 2007 3016:TDA (June 6, 2008). 2916:on February 27, 2023 2755:, IGN, June 17, 2008 2549:on November 14, 2014 1823:Rushing vs. planning 1734:Tactics vs. strategy 1513:Bloons Tower Defense 1466:"the ultimate RTS". 1382:(2008), released by 1296:first-person shooter 242:desktop environments 221:in the early 1990s. 201:strategy video games 4757:Turn-based strategy 4662:Submarine simulator 4468:Action role-playing 4375:Interactive fiction 3704:on October 30, 2007 3251:. September 1, 2014 2877:(August 18, 1998). 2453:McFarland & Co. 2436:. October 11, 2005. 2025:worked together on 1943:project uses 8-bit 1875:video game consoles 1758:, lead designer of 1678:turn-based strategy 1564:Company of Heroes 3 1451:Heroes of the Storm 1442:(2013), as well as 1234:introduced classic 1188:Homeworld Cataclysm 1036:(1995), as well as 996:Eye of the Beholder 896:as an influence on 852:, released for the 822:(1988), a strategy- 702:turn-based strategy 246:city-building games 22:Part of a series on 5408:Actions per minute 5396:Real-time strategy 5158:Video game modding 5100:Nonlinear gameplay 4762:Turn-based tactics 4730:Real-time strategy 3899:on April 30, 2009. 3553:on January 5, 2010 3385:Games That Weren't 3381:"Hard Vacuum (PC)" 2972:on August 10, 2010 2677:on August 23, 2006 2614:"Hail to the Duke" 2049:Age of Empires III 2006:Total Annihilation 1960:Total Annihilation 1952:Total Annihilation 1949: 1795:In an article for 1779:In an article for 1767:In general terms, 1629:real-time tactical 1590: 1306:Rage Games Limited 1238:elements, such as 1105:Total Annihilation 1053:Total Annihilation 718:than it does with 411:Arcade video games 389:Impact of COVID-19 231:resource-gathering 189:Real-time strategy 84:Actions per minute 5481:Video game genres 5461: 5460: 5362: 5361: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5163:Video game remake 5071:Emergent gameplay 4742:Real-time tactics 4701: 4700: 4640:Flight simulation 4370:Graphic adventure 4316: 4315: 4117:Video game genres 4055:978-3-540-28174-0 3986:Computer Networks 3964:978-1-58113-987-7 3734:on April 14, 2009 3308:on April 11, 2008 3276:Pro Gamer Reviews 3020:. gamereplays.org 2651:. pp. 3, 124 2645:"Cosmic Conquest" 2377:. pp. 11, 48 2346:on April 27, 2011 2275:on April 27, 2011 2198:on April 27, 2011 2163:on April 27, 2011 2074:Electronic sports 2058:Company of Heroes 2011:Supreme Commander 1769:military strategy 1761:Supreme Commander 1624:Z: Steel Soldiers 1615:Human wave attack 1524:Valve Corporation 1445:League of Legends 1364:Company of Heroes 1347:real-time tactics 1317:Natural Selection 1288:real-time tactics 913:Sensible Software 804:(1983), an early 680:game was restored 647: 646: 441:Personal computer 254:real-time tactics 186: 185: 68:Real-time tactics 5488: 5389: 5382: 5375: 5366: 5365: 5316:Player character 5309:Persistent world 5202: 5195: 5188: 5179: 5178: 5153:Video game clone 4869: 4868: 4865:Related concepts 4672:Vehicular combat 4527: 4526: 4400:Digital tabletop 4380:Interactive film 4340:Grand Theft Auto 4331:Action-adventure 4324: 4281:Platform fighter 4160:Platform fighter 4143: 4142: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4080: 4069: 4059: 4046:10.1007/11536406 4032: 4030: 4019: 4009: 3976: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3918:. 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Archived from 2148: 1773:military tactics 1599:aerial viewpoint 1560:Steel Division 2 1225:Age of Mythology 1076:Ensemble Studios 972:Westwood Studios 959:Westwood Studios 931:technology trees 771:Imagine Software 639: 632: 625: 275: 268: 267: 178: 171: 164: 38: 19: 18: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5466: 5465: 5462: 5457: 5443:Technology tree 5428:Micromanagement 5418:Macromanagement 5399: 5393: 5363: 5358: 5325: 5287:Virtual economy 5275: 5254: 5211: 5206: 5176: 5167: 5131: 5122:Twitch gameplay 5047: 5011: 4973: 4860: 4812:Survival horror 4785: 4735:Time management 4697: 4676: 4667:Train simulator 4626: 4591: 4563: 4516: 4454: 4424: 4394: 4351: 4325: 4312: 4252: 4248:Survival horror 4229: 4164: 4132: 4119: 4114: 4078: 4067: 4056: 4028: 4017: 3965: 3941: 3939:Further reading 3936: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3908: 3904: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3778: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3722: 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2731: 2713: 2709: 2694: 2690: 2680: 2678: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2641: 2637: 2627: 2625: 2612:Scott Sharkey. 2610: 2597: 2580: 2578: 2566: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2543:www.allgame.com 2537: 2536: 2532: 2525: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2445: 2441: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2411: 2409: 2397: 2390: 2380: 2378: 2367: 2363: 2349: 2347: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2316: 2301: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2259: 2248: 2235: 2233: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2201: 2199: 2184: 2180: 2166: 2164: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2128: 2076: 2070: 2040:physics engines 1933: 1857: 1825: 1742: 1736: 1705:Rise of Nations 1670: 1664: 1659: 1650:Micromanagement 1647: 1645:Micromanagement 1641: 1576: 1540:Machines at War 1528:Steam (service) 1472: 1389:Master of Orion 1257: 1100: 1066:micromanagement 1062:macromanagement 1020:The success of 967: 936:Carrier Command 888:is credited by 869:action gameplay 754:Cosmic Conquest 751:type-in program 652: 643: 614: 613: 604: 596: 595: 546: 536: 535: 521: 520:Other platforms 513: 512: 503: 493: 492: 483: 481:Virtual reality 473: 472: 463: 453: 452: 443: 433: 432: 413: 403: 402: 393:2023-24 layoffs 320: 310: 309: 295: 266: 252:, and games of 238:user interfaces 225:requirement to 182: 150:List of MMORTSs 119:Technology tree 104:Micromanagement 94:Macromanagement 17: 12: 11: 5: 5494: 5484: 5483: 5478: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5392: 5391: 5384: 5377: 5369: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5339: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5311: 5301: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5283: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5225: 5219: 5217: 5213: 5212: 5205: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5182: 5173: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5117:Side-scrolling 5114: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5097: 5092: 5085: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5067: 5066: 5055: 5053: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5025: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4962:Climate change 4959: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4933: 4932: 4920: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4866: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4821: 4816: 4815: 4814: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4779:Grand strategy 4771: 4770: 4769: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4738: 4737: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4711: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4636: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4607: 4601: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4497: 4495:Monster-taming 4492: 4487: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4473:Looter shooter 4464: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4440: 4434: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4415: 4404: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4335: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4299: 4298: 4285: 4284: 4283: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4269:Hack and slash 4260: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4239: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4174: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4155:Endless runner 4151: 4149: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4113: 4112: 4105: 4098: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4060: 4054: 4033: 4010: 3977: 3963: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3902: 3880: 3859: 3833: 3803: 3771: 3745: 3715: 3688: 3662: 3634: 3608: 3578: 3564: 3545:Walker, Mark. 3537: 3504: 3482: 3463:Walker, Mark. 3450: 3433: 3415: 3397: 3371: 3345: 3319: 3288: 3262: 3236: 3210: 3179:(22): 95–119. 3159: 3138: 3124:Spiegel Online 3109: 3087: 3060: 3034: 3008: 2983: 2964:Walker, Mark. 2953: 2927: 2900: 2889:on May 4, 2003 2866: 2827: 2795: 2769: 2757: 2745: 2729: 2720:2005-01-19 at 2707: 2688: 2662: 2635: 2595: 2568:Barton, Matt. 2560: 2530: 2523: 2505: 2499:978-0240811468 2498: 2468: 2461: 2439: 2419: 2388: 2361: 2326: 2286: 2261:Geryk, Bruce. 2246: 2217: 2178: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2124: 2072:Main article: 2069: 2066: 1932: 1929: 1856: 1853: 1824: 1821: 1735: 1732: 1666:Main article: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1643:Main article: 1640: 1637: 1575: 1572: 1492:Clash of Clans 1488:Mobile devices 1471: 1468: 1384:Ironclad Games 1370:Ground Control 1311:Hostile Waters 1256: 1253: 1242:to the genre. 1142:Dungeon Keeper 1129:GSC Game World 1109:Age of Empires 1099: 1096: 1074:, released by 1071:Age of Empires 1056:, released by 1004:user interface 966: 963: 941:Realtime Games 871:, featuring a 738:Cytron Masters 729:Cytron Masters 651: 648: 645: 644: 642: 641: 634: 627: 619: 616: 615: 612: 611: 605: 602: 601: 598: 597: 594: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 551:List of genres 547: 542: 541: 538: 537: 534: 533: 528: 522: 519: 518: 515: 514: 511: 510: 504: 499: 498: 495: 494: 491: 490: 484: 479: 478: 475: 474: 471: 470: 464: 459: 458: 455: 454: 451: 450: 444: 439: 438: 435: 434: 431: 430: 425: 420: 414: 409: 408: 405: 404: 401: 400: 399: 398: 396: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 350: 349: 339: 334: 333: 332: 321: 316: 315: 312: 311: 308: 307: 302: 296: 293: 292: 289: 288: 282: 281: 277: 276: 265: 262: 184: 183: 181: 180: 173: 166: 158: 155: 154: 153: 152: 147: 139: 138: 134: 133: 132: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 78: 77: 73: 72: 71: 70: 65: 60: 55: 47: 46: 40: 39: 31: 30: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5493: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5464: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5402: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5383: 5378: 5376: 5371: 5370: 5367: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5304:Virtual world 5302: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5203: 5198: 5196: 5191: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5180: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5007:Single-player 5005: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4788: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4752:Tower defense 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4694: 4693:Immersive sim 4691: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4582:City-building 4580: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4485:Dungeon crawl 4483: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4450:Tile-matching 4448: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4439: 4438:Hidden object 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4408:Deck-building 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4323: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4243:Battle royale 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4104: 4099: 4097: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4077: 4073: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3884: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3863: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3781: 3775: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3719: 3703: 3699: 3692: 3677: 3673: 3666: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3622: 3615: 3613: 3601:September 13, 3596: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3575: 3574:Mark of Chaos 3568: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3509: 3492: 3486: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3437: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3401: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3360: 3356: 3349: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3255:September 15, 3250: 3246: 3240: 3229:September 14, 3224: 3220: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3163: 3154: 3149: 3142: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3113: 3097: 3091: 3075: 3071: 3064: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3031: 3019: 3012: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2958: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2863: 2850: 2849: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2802: 2800: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2754: 2749: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2727: 2723: 2722:archive.today 2719: 2716: 2711: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2696:Bokosuka Wars 2692: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2592: 2590: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2564: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2534: 2526: 2524:9781136137587 2520: 2516: 2509: 2501: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2472: 2464: 2462:9780786487554 2458: 2455:p. 291. 2454: 2450: 2443: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2423: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2395: 2393: 2376: 2372: 2365: 2358: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2334:Bruce Geryk. 2330: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2243: 2231: 2227: 2221: 2214: 2212: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2186:Bruce Geryk. 2182: 2175: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2151:Bruce Geryk. 2147: 2143: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2082: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2033:PlayStation 2 2030: 2029: 2028:Grim Grimoire 2024: 2020: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1990: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1901: 1899: 1898: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1883:home consoles 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1852: 1850: 1845: 1843: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1741: 1731: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1690: 1686: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1669: 1654: 1651: 1646: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1587: 1586: 1580: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1500:Strategy game 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1323:free software 1320: 1318: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1269: 1268:Metal Fatigue 1264: 1263: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1245:Battle Realms 1241: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1220: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1135: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1106: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1006:, Westwood's 1005: 1002: 998: 997: 992: 991: 986: 985: 979: 977: 973: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 947: 942: 938: 937: 932: 929:has advanced 928: 927:Mega Lo Mania 924: 921:(also called 920: 919: 914: 910: 909: 908:Mega-Lo-Mania 903: 901: 900: 895: 891: 887: 886: 881: 877: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 855: 851: 850: 845: 841: 839: 835: 834: 829: 825: 821: 820: 815: 811: 807: 803: 802: 801:Bokosuka Wars 796: 794: 793: 788: 787: 782: 781: 776: 772: 768: 767: 761: 759: 755: 752: 749: 745: 744: 739: 735: 731: 730: 725: 724:War of Nerves 721: 717: 716: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 694: 689: 688: 683: 681: 677: 676: 671: 667: 663: 662: 656: 640: 635: 633: 628: 626: 621: 620: 618: 617: 610: 607: 606: 600: 599: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 548: 545: 540: 539: 532: 529: 527: 524: 523: 517: 516: 509: 506: 505: 502: 497: 496: 489: 486: 485: 482: 477: 476: 469: 466: 465: 462: 457: 456: 449: 446: 445: 442: 437: 436: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 415: 412: 407: 406: 397: 394: 390: 387: 386: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 348: 345: 344: 343: 340: 338: 335: 331: 328: 327: 326: 323: 322: 319: 314: 313: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 294:Early history 291: 290: 287: 284: 283: 279: 278: 274: 270: 269: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 234: 232: 228: 222: 220: 219: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 179: 174: 172: 167: 165: 160: 159: 157: 156: 151: 148: 146: 143: 142: 141: 140: 136: 135: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 81: 80: 79: 75: 74: 69: 66: 64: 63:Tower defense 61: 59: 56: 54: 51: 50: 49: 48: 45: 42: 41: 37: 33: 32: 29: 26: 25: 21: 20: 5463: 5395: 5347:Browser game 5148:Toys-to-life 5088: 5081: 5033: 4978:Player modes 4942:Personalized 4927: 4916: 4884: 4790:Other genres 4729: 4720:Auto battler 4688:Falling-sand 4650:Lunar Lander 4460:Role-playing 4443: 4385:Visual novel 4347:Metroidvania 4339: 4293: 4225:Third-person 4198:Shoot 'em up 4183:First-person 4071: 4037: 4021: 3992:(1): 52–70. 3989: 3985: 3946: 3924:. 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