142:
314:, this raw data may indicate the particular items that each customer buys, when they buy them, and at what price; as well, an analyst or manager could calculate the average total sales per customer or the average expenditure per day of the week by hour. This processed and analyzed data provides information for the manager, that the manager could then use to help her determine, for example, how many cashiers to hire and at what times. Such
45:
360:, meaning that everyone should demand that governments and businesses share the data they collect as raw data. He points out that "data drives a huge amount of what happens in our lives… because somebody takes the data and does something with it." To Berners-Lee, it is essentially from this sharing of raw data, that advances in science will emerge. Advocates of
226:
Data has two ways of being created or made. The first is what is called 'captured data', and is found through purposeful investigation or analysis. The second is called 'exhaust data', and is gathered usually by machines or terminals as a secondary function. For example, cash registers, smartphones,
177:
which records the temperature of a chemical mixture in a test tube every minute, the list of temperature readings for every minute, as printed out on a spreadsheet or viewed on a computer screen are "raw data". Raw data have not been subjected to processing, "cleaning" by researchers to remove
306:) in a busy supermarket collects huge volumes of raw data each day about customers' purchases. However, this list of grocery items and their prices and the time and date of purchase does not yield much information until it is processed. Once processed and analyzed by a
271:, to make it easier for computers and humans to interpret during later processing. Raw data (sometimes colloquially called "sources" data or "eggy" data, the latter a reference to the data being "uncooked", that is, "unprocessed", like a raw
202:), because even once raw data have been "cleaned" and processed by one team of researchers, another team may consider these processed data to be "raw data" for another stage of research. Raw data can be inputted to a
263:. For example, a data input sheet might contain dates as raw data in many forms: "31st January 1999", "31/01/1999", "31/1/99", "31 Jan", or "today". Once captured, this raw data may be
291:
processing. Raw data that has undergone processing are sometimes referred to as "cooked" data in a colloquial sense. Although raw data has the potential to be transformed into "
194:
result). As well, raw data have not been subject to any other manipulation by a software program or a human researcher, analyst or technician. They are also referred to as
231:
serve a main function but may collect data as a secondary task. Exhaustive data is usually too large or of little use to process and becomes 'transient' or thrown away.
243:, raw data may have the following attributes: it may possibly contain human, machine, or instrument errors, it may not be validated; it might be in different area (
364:
argue that once citizens and civil society organizations have access to data from businesses and governments, it will enable citizens and NGOs to do their
162:(e.g., numbers, instrument readings, figures, etc.) collected from a source. In the context of examinations, the raw data might be described as a
295:," extraction, organization, analysis, and formatting for presentation are required before raw data can be transformed into usable information.
368:
analysis of the data, which can empower people and civil society. For example, a government may claim that its policies are reducing the
330:, which enables the raw data to become accessible for further processing and analysis in any number of different ways.
109:
128:
81:
380:
do their own analysis of the raw data, which may lead this group to draw different conclusions about the data set.
88:
66:
432:
345:
357:
95:
353:
218:
data on electronic storage devices, such as hard disk drives (also referred to as "low-level data").
77:
62:
17:
55:
299:
182:, obvious instrument reading errors or data entry errors, or any analysis (e.g., determining
145:
The two columns to the right of the left-most column in this computerized table are raw data.
465:
27:"Primary data" redirects here. For data that has been created at the time under study, see
8:
455:
211:
102:
460:
369:
307:
203:
183:
436:
341:
333:
264:
187:
389:
337:
326:
campaign. As a result of processing, raw data sometimes ends up being put in a
28:
449:
349:
303:
215:
141:
377:
256:
34:
A collection of information which has not been fully processed or analyzed
292:
268:
228:
174:
311:
244:
207:
167:
361:
323:
240:
44:
327:
275:) are the data input to processing. A distinction is made between
260:
373:
252:
179:
191:
322:
for further processing, for example as part of a predictive
248:
199:
158:
340:) argues that sharing raw data is important for society.
251:
or unformatted; or some entries might be "suspect" (e.g.,
272:
310:
or even by a researcher using a pen and paper and a
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
447:
206:or used in manual procedures such as analyzing
442:Tim Berners-Lee Gives the Web a New Definition
376:advocacy group may be able to have its staff
433:Give Us the Data Raw, and Give it to Us Now
267:stored as a normalized format, perhaps a
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
435:- the blog post from Rufus Pollock that
283:, to the effect that information is the
140:
413:
214:. The term "raw data" can refer to the
198:data. Raw data is a relative term (see
14:
448:
173:If a scientist sets up a computerized
409:
407:
405:
67:adding citations to reliable sources
38:
24:
426:
221:
25:
477:
418:. United States: Sage. p. 6.
402:
43:
54:needs additional citations for
302:(POS terminal, a computerized
13:
1:
395:
7:
383:
234:
10:
482:
26:
354:Open Knowledge Foundation
356:his call to action is
300:point-of-sale terminal
146:
414:Kitchin, Rob (2014).
144:
186:aspects such as the
63:improve this article
416:The Data Revolution
318:could then become
147:
370:unemployment rate
336:(inventor of the
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
473:
420:
419:
411:
308:software program
204:computer program
184:central tendency
152:, also known as
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
481:
480:
476:
475:
474:
472:
471:
470:
446:
445:
439:Tim Berners-Lee
429:
427:Further reading
424:
423:
412:
403:
398:
386:
378:econometricians
334:Tim Berners-Lee
298:For example, a
237:
224:
222:Generating data
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
479:
469:
468:
463:
458:
444:
443:
440:
428:
425:
422:
421:
400:
399:
397:
394:
393:
392:
390:Standard score
385:
382:
358:"Raw Data Now"
338:World Wide Web
236:
233:
223:
220:
137:
136:
51:
49:
42:
33:
29:Primary source
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
478:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
451:
441:
438:
434:
431:
430:
417:
410:
408:
406:
401:
391:
388:
387:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:Rufus Pollock
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:cash register
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:), requiring
254:
250:
246:
242:
232:
230:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
143:
133:
130:
122:
119:December 2009
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
30:
19:
415:
365:
332:
319:
315:
297:
288:
284:
280:
276:
257:confirmation
238:
229:speedometers
225:
195:
172:
163:
157:
154:primary data
153:
149:
148:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
466:Information
316:information
293:information
287:product of
281:information
269:Julian date
247:) formats;
175:thermometer
168:test scores
456:Data types
450:Categories
396:References
312:calculator
245:colloquial
208:statistics
89:newspapers
78:"Raw data"
362:open data
324:marketing
265:processed
241:computing
164:raw score
461:Research
437:inspired
384:See also
372:, but a
342:Inspired
328:database
261:citation
253:outliers
235:Examples
180:outliers
150:Raw data
18:Raw Data
374:poverty
352:of the
249:uncoded
210:from a
196:primary
188:average
166:(after
103:scholar
346:a post
216:binary
212:survey
192:median
156:, are
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
110:JSTOR
96:books
320:data
289:data
279:and
277:data
227:and
200:data
159:data
82:news
366:own
348:by
344:by
285:end
273:egg
259:or
239:In
190:or
170:).
65:by
452::
404:^
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
