220:, drug testing screens are typically performed in scientific laboratories so that the results will be admissible in evidence at trial. Due to the overwhelming number of impairing substances that are not alcohol, drugs are classified into different categories for detection purposes. Drug impaired drivers still show impairment during the battery of standardized field sobriety tests, but there are additional tests to help detect drug impaired driving. In the US, one study found that 25.8% of drivers seriously injured in crashes tested positive for cannabinoids, 13.6% tested positive solely for cannabinoids, and 24.6% tested positive for a drug other than alcohol or cannabis.
94:"driving while intoxicated" (DWI), "impaired driving", "operating while intoxicated" (OWI), "operating under the influence" (OUI), "operating vehicle under the influence" (OVI), "drunk in charge", or "over the prescribed limit" (in the UK). Alcohol-related DUI is referred to as "drunk driving", "drunken driving", or "drinking and driving" (US), or "drink-driving" (UK/Ireland/Australia). Cannabis-related DUI may be termed "driving high", and more generally drug-related DUI may be referred to as "drugged driving", "driving under the influence of drugs" (DUID), or "drug-impaired driving".
171:
55:
494:(USDOT) regulates many occupations and industries, and has a zero tolerance policy pertaining to the use of cannabis for any regulated employee whether he or she is on-duty or off-duty. Regardless of any State's DUI Statutes and DMV Administrative Penalties, a Commercial Driver's License "CDL" holder will have his or her CDL suspended for 1-year for a DUI arrest and will have his or her CDL revoked for life if they are subsequently arrested for driving impaired.
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263:(THC) in their whole blood can be prosecuted for driving under the influence (DUI). However, no matter the level of THC, law enforcement officers base arrests on observed impairment." In Colorado, if consumption of marijuana is impairing your ability to drive, "it is illegal for you to be driving, even if that substance is prescribed or legally acquired."
245:
accidents than drug and alcohol-free drivers". A more recent 2023 study found that when compared to alcohol, "the impairment effect of marijuana on driving is relatively mild" since drivers using cannabis "drive slower, avoid overtaking other vehicles, and increase following distances." In Canada, police forces such as the
396:
It can be important to perform testing soon after a traffic stop, as THC plasma levels decline significantly after the passage of one or two hours. A number of companies are developing roadside THC breathalyzers that may be used by the police to help identify drivers impaired by the use of marijuana.
392:
U.S. states prohibit the operation of a motor vehicle while under the influence of drugs, including marijuana. For example, in
Illinois it is illegal to operate a motor vehicle with a THC level of 5 nanograms or more per milliliter of whole blood or 10 nanograms or more per milliliter of other bodily
330:
The Drug
Evaluation and Classification program is designed to detect a drug impaired driver and classify the categories of drugs present in his or her system. The procedures are used post-arrest to gather evidence for trial, rather than for probable cause, as they would be difficult to conduct at the
249:
have "...specially trained drug recognition and evaluation officers... can detect whether or not a driver is drug impaired, by putting suspects through physical examinations and co-ordination tests. In 2014, in the
Canadian province of Ontario, Bill 31, the Transportation Statute Law Amendment Act,
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and drug recognition evaluations to determine whether the officer believes the driver is under the influence of drugs." In the province of
Manitoba, an "...officer can issue a physical coordination test. In B.C., the officer can further order a drug recognition evaluation by an expert, which can be
147:
level than driving. In some jurisdictions, there are separate charges depending on the vehicle used. In
Washington state, for instance, BUI (bicycling under the influence) laws recognize that intoxicated cyclists are likely to primarily endanger themselves. Accordingly, law enforcement officers are
334:
Initially developed by the Los
Angeles, California, Police Department in the 1970s, the DEC program breaks down detection into a twelve-step process that a government-certified Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) can use to determine the category or categories of drugs that a suspect is impaired by. The
208:. It is not known nationally how many people are killed each year in crashes involving drug-impaired drivers because of data limitations, but one study of drivers who were seriously injured in crashes found that 23.6% of drivers were positive for alcohol and 12.2% were positive solely for alcohol.
127:
a motor vehicle while under the influence, requiring actual "driving". "The distinction between these two terms is material, for it is generally held that the word 'drive,' as used in statutes of this kind, usually denotes movement of the vehicle in some direction, whereas the word 'operate' has a
93:
The name of the offense varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from legal to colloquial terminology. In various jurisdictions the offense is termed "driving under the influence" (DUI), "driving under the influence of intoxicants" (DUII), "driving while impaired" (DWI), "impaired driving",
244:
stated that there "...is clear evidence that cannabis, like alcohol, impairs the psychomotor skills required for safe driving." The study stated that while "annabis-impaired drivers tend to drive more slowly and cautiously than drunk drivers,... evidence shows they are also more likely to cause
275:
often cause side effects such as excessive drowsiness, and, in the case of opioids, nausea. Other prescription drugs including antiepileptics and antidepressants are now also believed to have the same effect. In the last ten years, there has been an increase in motor vehicle crashes, and it is
295:. If the worker is to drive, then the health care provider should not give them opioids. If the worker is to take opioids, then their employer should assign them work which is appropriate for their impaired state and not encourage them to use safety sensitive equipment.
110:
In typical usage of the terms DUI, DWI, OWI, and OVI, the offense consists of driving a vehicle while affected by alcohol or drugs. However, in the majority of US states, the criminal offense may not involve actual driving of the vehicle but rather may broadly include
426:
in exchange for the elimination of the drunk driving charge. In
California, a driver may not be charged or arrested for "wet reckless" driving, and the sole function of the charge is as a possible disposition following a plea bargain for a driver charged with DUI.
101:
is usually called driving under the influence, but states may use other names for the offense including "driving while intoxicated" (DWI), "operating while impaired" (OWI) or "operating while ability impaired", and "operating a vehicle under the influence" (OVI).
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to make people aware of the danger of driving while impaired and the potential fines and criminal charges, discourage impaired driving, and encourage drivers to take taxis or public transport home after using alcohol or other drugs. In some jurisdictions, a
322:" requirements (or the equivalent), necessary to sustain a DWI or DUI conviction based on a chemical blood alcohol test. In the US, field sobriety tests are voluntary; however, some states mandate commercial drivers accept preliminary breath tests (PBT).
469:(roadblocks of police cars where drivers are checked), driver's licence suspensions, fines, and prison sentences for DUI offenders are used as part of an effort to deter impaired driving. In addition, many countries have prevention campaigns that use
1161:
Thomas FD, Darrah J, Graham L, Berning A, Blomberg R, Finstad K, Griggs C, Crandall M, Schulman C, Kozar R, Lai J, Mohr N, Chenoweth J, Cunningham K, Babu K, Dorfman J, Van
Heukelom J, Ehsani J, Fell J, Whitehill J, Brown T, Moore C (December 2022),
439:
may be automatically declared invalid for the intoxicated driver; the drunk driver would be fully responsible for damages. In the
American system, a citation for driving under the influence also causes a major increase in car insurance premiums.
283:, then that person's doctor should be told that driving is a part of the worker's duties and the employer should be told that the worker could be treated with opioids. Workers should not use impairing substances while driving or operating
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was introduced to the provincial legislature. Bill 31 contains driver's license "...suspensions for those caught driving under the influence of drugs, or a combination of drugs and alcohol. Ontario police officers "...use
393:
substances. Under that law, an individual can be arrested for driving under influence of cannabis at any THC level, including under the per se legal limits if an
Officer believes the individual is impaired by cannabis.
383:
The DEC program is recognized by all fifty states in the U.S., Canada, and the United Kingdom and DRE training in the use of the twelve-step process is scientifically validated by both laboratory and field studies.
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believed that the use of impairing prescription drugs has been a major factor. Workers are expected to notify their employer when prescribed such drugs to minimize the risk of motor vehicle crashes while at work.
128:
broader meaning so as to include not only the motion of the vehicle but also acts which engage the machinery of the vehicle that, alone or in sequence, will set in motion the motive power of the vehicle."
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In the US state of Colorado, the state government indicates that "ny amount of marijuana consumption puts you at risk of driving impaired." Colorado law states that "drivers with five nanograms of active
838:
158:, ended up being the first person to be convicted of driving a motor vehicle while intoxicated, on September 10, 1897, under the "drunk in charge" provision of the 1872 Licensing Act. He was fined 25
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of a car while intoxicated and holding the car keys, even while parked, may be charged with DUI because they are in control of the vehicle. In contrast, California only makes it illegal to
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The German model serves to reduce the number of crashes by identifying unfit drivers and revoking their licenses until their fitness to drive has been established again. The
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study ranking various drugs (legal and illegal) based on statements by drug-harm experts. This study rated alcohol the most harmful drug overall, and the only drug more
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works for a prognosis of the fitness for drive in future, has an interdisciplinary basic approach, and offers the chance of individual rehabilitation to the offender.
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746:. Surgeon General’s Workshop on Drunk Driving. Rockville, MD: Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. pp. 136–156.
85:), to a level that renders the driver incapable of operating a motor vehicle safely. Multiple other terms are used for the offense in various jurisdictions.
2019:
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to determine if a person suspected of impaired driving is intoxicated with alcohol or other drugs. FSTs are primarily used in the United States, to meet "
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The laws relating to DUI vary significantly between countries, particularly the thresholds at which a person is charged with a crime. In many countries,
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Graham, Kyle (2011). "Facilitating Crimes: An Inquiry into the Selective Invocation of Offenses within the Continuum of Criminal Procedures".
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may face civil liability for injuries caused by that driver. In some countries, non-profit advocacy organizations, a well-known example being
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of a motor vehicle while under the influence, even if the person charged is not in the act of driving. For example, individuals found in the
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Occupational medicine practice guidelines : evaluation and management of common health problems and functional recovery in workers
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1486:(online March 2014) (3rd ed.). Elk Grove Village, IL: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. p. 11.
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Driving With Care:Education and Treatment of the Impaired Driving Offender-Strategies for Responsible Living: The Provider's Guide
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Some nations use saliva swabs to test for THC levels at roadside, but questions remain about the reliability of saliva testing.
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Walsh, J. Michael; Gier, Johan J.; Christopherson, Asborg S.; Verstraete, Alain G. (11 August 2010). "Drugs and Driving".
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881:("f you bicycle while intoxicated you will be held to the same standards as other motorists and may be issued a DUI.")
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Benikov, Alexander Y. (2012). "When Is an Arizona Drunk Driver Not a Driver: Zarogoza and Actual Physical Control".
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708:"DUI | the crime of driving a vehicle while drunk also: a person who is arrested for driving a vehicle while drunk"
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Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis".
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422:"Wet reckless" is a term used informally when a driver takes a plea bargain, agreeing to plead guilty to
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1895:"The Medical Psychological Assessment: An Opportunity for the Individual, Safety for the Genera Public"
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Weiss, MS; Bowden, K; Branco, F; et al. (2011). "Opioids Guideline". In Kurt T. Hegmann (ed.).
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DREs are qualified to offer expert testimony in court that pertains to impaired driving on drugs.
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1347:"Basic Concepts in Opioid Prescribing and Current Concepts of Opioid-Mediated Effects on Driving"
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Drunk driving (or drink-driving in British English) is the act of driving under the influence of
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empowered only to protect the cyclist by impounding the bicycle rather than filing DUI charges.
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can be charged and convicted of impaired driving in some jurisdictions. A 2011 study in the
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69:) is the offense of driving, operating, or being in control of a vehicle while impaired by
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1629:"A State-by-State Analysis of Laws Dealing With Driving Under the Influence of Drugs"
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of a motor vehicle crash. In the United States, alcohol is involved in 30% of all
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1129:"Impaired Driving: Get the Facts | Transportation Safety | Injury Center | CDC"
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959:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
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1286:"Ontario to bring in stronger punishment for driving under influence of drugs"
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Wanberg, Kenneth W.; Milkman, Harvey B.; Timkin, David S. (3 December 2004).
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482:(MADD) run their own publicity campaigns against drunk or impaired driving.
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Driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of an impairing substance
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Alcohol and Drug Prevalence Among Seriously or Fatally Injured Road Users
661:(1 ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications, Inc. p. 14.
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175:
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1869:"How an impaired driving conviction can affect your car insurance rates"
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In the US state of Colorado, impaired drivers may be charged with child
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If a worker who drives has a health condition which can be treated with
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Issues in the enforcement of impaired driving laws in the United States
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1592:"Drug Evaluation and Classification Program (DECP) Annual Report 2018"
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1546:"DRUG EVALUATION AND CLASSIFICATION TRAINING - ADMINISTRATOR'S GUIDE"
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1391:"Driving Under the Influence, Public Policy, and Pharmacy Practice"
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1510:"The proactive role employers can take: Opioids in the Workplace"
1171:, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT HS 813399,
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if they are arrested for DUI with minor children in the vehicle.
280:
237:
132:
1465:, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
1316:"Marijuana and Driving — Colorado Department of Transportation"
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34:. For driving under the influence of alcohol specifically, see
1753:"These companies are racing to develop a Breathalyzer for pot"
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2403:
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769:"Impaired Driving in Canada: Cost and Effect of a Conviction"
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American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
524:
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such as tractors and combines, riding horses or driving a
1231:"Marijuana legalization and traffic fatalities revisited"
1160:
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used as evidence of drug use to pursue further charges."
2767:
Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
1716:"Marijuana-Impaired Driving : A Report to Congress"
1194:
1192:
892:"Ore. skateboarder collides with van, charged with DUI"
143:, bicycling, or skateboarding, possibly with different
58:
1937 poster warning U.S. drivers against drunk driving
1453:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1229:
Chen, Weiwei; French, Michael T. (7 September 2023).
1189:
2020:
Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
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1278:
1276:
654:
314:
Field sobriety tests are a battery of tests used by
2691:
List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
41:"DUI" and "DWI" redirect here. For other uses, see
2696:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
2101:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism
1481:
1273:
923:"Bike Law University: Riding Under the Influence"
4022:
984:
831:"In Mt Isa it's RUI: riding under the influence"
476:bar or restaurant that serves an impaired driver
3078:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
3842:Commercial Driver's License Information System
228:Drivers who have smoked or otherwise consumed
3890:Disabled parking permits of the United States
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1599:International Association of Chiefs of Police
271:Prescription medications such as opioids and
2640:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day
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1069:"Why drunk drivers may get behind the wheel"
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162:, which is equivalent to ÂŁ179 in 2023.
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3281:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
2851:List of countries with alcohol prohibition
1982:
1968:
1934:One for the Road: Drunk Driving Since 1900
1578:Drug Evaluation and Classification Program
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492:United States Department of Transportation
326:Drug Evaluation and Classification program
131:Many DUI laws apply also to motorcycling,
2183:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
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955:inflation figures are based on data from
865:Police Department, University of Colorado
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3824:List of countries by minimum driving age
737:Voas, Robert B.; Lacey, John H. (1989).
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53:
2821:Legal drinking age in the United States
1783:"Child Endangerment Drunk Driving Laws"
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1700:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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1469:from the original on 11 September 2014
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1608:from the original on 28 February 2023
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767:Tekenos-Levy, Jordan (29 July 2015).
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252:Standard Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs)
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2317:List of methanol poisoning incidents
1389:Sigona, Nicholas (13 October 2014).
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1261:from the original on 11 January 2024
1079:from the original on 9 November 2020
902:from the original on 7 February 2019
841:from the original on 15 October 2008
457:Drunk driving § Laws by country
3038:Alcohol consumption recommendations
2963:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day
1049:from the original on 24 August 2022
135:, piloting aircraft, use of mobile
97:In the United States, the specific
24:
3880:Decriminalised parking enforcement
2762:Alcohol packaging warning messages
2374:Alcohol use among college students
2036:Drunk driving in the United States
1923:
1829:from the original on 27 March 2023
1763:from the original on 1 August 2017
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1139:from the original on 26 March 2024
450:
363:Injection sites (for injection of
25:
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3687:Category: Speed limits by country
3491:Vienna Convention on Road Traffic
3321:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
3301:Index of alcohol-related articles
2744:Administrative License Suspension
1944:
1823:LII / Legal Information Institute
1732:from the original on 8 March 2022
1580:. NHTSA. pp. Sev IV Pg. 5–6.
1345:Kaye, Adam M. (12 January 2013).
1296:from the original on 2 March 2022
1210:from the original on 30 June 2023
1109:from the original on 6 March 2023
829:Rowling, Troy (14 October 2008).
718:from the original on 7 April 2023
3354:
3353:
2755:Alcoholic beverage control state
2551:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
1875:from the original on 14 May 2017
871:from the original on 16 May 2017
773:National College for DUI Defense
572:Mobile phones and driving safety
445:medical-psychological assessment
400:
2364:Alcohol in association football
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561:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
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3834:Traffic violations reciprocity
2576:List of deaths through alcohol
2394:Epidemiology of binge drinking
2198:Subjective response to alcohol
1938:Johns Hopkins University Press
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587:Driver's license: point system
577:National Motorists Association
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30:For the legal definition, see
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1:
3857:Non-Resident Violator Compact
3799:Inter-American Driving Permit
3061:Sweat alcohol content monitor
2096:Alcoholism in rural Australia
1867:Tchir, Jason (10 June 2014).
1009:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6
927:League of American Bicyclists
683:"driving under the influence"
598:
566:Mothers Against Drunk Driving
480:Mothers Against Drunk Driving
247:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
182:than to the users themselves.
105:
3804:International Driving Permit
3662:Assured clear distance ahead
3476:School bus traffic stop laws
3461:Left- and right-hand traffic
3426:Assured clear distance ahead
2984:Adult Children of Alcoholics
2772:Drunk driving law by country
2188:Long-term effects of alcohol
2106:Disease theory of alcoholism
2091:Alcoholism in family systems
2081:Alcohol and Native Americans
1850:Lewis & Clark Law Review
1751:Smith, Aaron (26 May 2017).
1395:Journal of Pharmacy Practice
921:McLeod, Ken (11 July 2013).
687:Cambridge English Dictionary
430:
7:
4031:Driving under the influence
3819:Driving licences by country
3784:Commercial driver's license
3530:Rules of the Road (Ireland)
2711:International whisk(e)y day
2025:Driving under the influence
898:. CBS News. 13 March 2013.
497:
63:Driving under the influence
10:
4077:
3794:Graduated driver licensing
3667:National Maximum Speed Law
3227:Christian views on alcohol
2833:List of alcohol laws of US
2111:High-functioning alcoholic
1627:Walsh, J. Michael (2009).
1099:"Alcohol-Impaired Driving"
454:
307:
298:
196:. A small increase in the
185:
165:
40:
29:
3948:
3920:
3865:
3832:
3774:
3727:Mobile phones and driving
3695:
3642:
3538:
3499:
3411:
3349:
3293:
3247:
3217:
3141:
3126:Alcoholic spirits measure
3111:Low-alcoholic malt drinks
3025:
2869:
2841:
2792:Ignition interlock device
2734:
2725:
2681:Drunken monkey hypothesis
2614:
2543:
2514:Routes of administration
2295:
2206:
2175:
2143:Alcohol congener analysis
2125:
2086:Alcoholism in adolescence
2071:
2008:
1997:
1235:Southern Economic Journal
626:10.1080/15389580490465292
614:Traffic Injury Prevention
376:Toxicological examination
320:probable cause for arrest
216:For drivers suspected of
3990:"How's my driving?" sign
3847:Driver License Agreement
3789:European driving licence
3519:The Highway Code (Malta)
1407:10.1177/0897190014549839
435:In the case of a crash,
373:Opinion of the evaluator
370:Interrogation of suspect
267:Prescription medications
81:and those prescribed by
3885:Disabled parking permit
3682:Speed limits by country
3677:Speed limit enforcement
3306:Alcohol and spaceflight
3048:Alcohol server training
2921:Managed alcohol program
2499:Binge drinking devices
2193:Pharmacology of ethanol
1638:. NHTSA. Archived from
1517:National Safety Council
1460:: an initiative of the
957:Clark, Gregory (2017).
3968:Drivers' working hours
3940:Clunk Click Every Trip
3875:Alternate-side parking
3852:Driver License Compact
3561:Field sobriety testing
2911:Alcohol rehabilitation
2879:Alcohol detoxification
2782:Field sobriety testing
2667:Health effects of wine
2635:International Beer Day
2399:Holiday heart syndrome
551:DUI laws in California
357:Dark room examinations
348:Evaluation of the eyes
345:Preliminary evaluation
310:Field sobriety testing
304:Field sobriety testing
183:
59:
4061:Social responsibility
3732:Texting while driving
3652:85th percentile speed
3466:Bidirectional traffic
3451:New Zealand Road Code
3431:Australian Road Rules
3163:Disulfiram-like drugs
2703:Ritual use of alcohol
2672:Wine and food pairing
2657:Apéritif and digestif
2308:Adulterated moonshine
2155:Blood alcohol content
2117:Seeing pink elephants
1204:News.nationalpost.com
819:(1977) 269 S.C. 356 .
536:Drug–impaired driving
510:Alcohol-related crime
486:US federal regulation
461:Drug-impaired driving
455:Further information:
218:drug-impaired driving
198:blood alcohol content
173:
57:
32:Drug–impaired driving
18:Random breath testing
3979:Epilepsy and driving
3657:Advisory speed limit
3582:Road traffic control
3232:Alcohol in the Bible
3219:Religion and alcohol
3185:General anaesthetics
2978:Alcoholics Anonymous
2936:List of mixed drinks
2389:Alcohol intoxication
2304:Adulterated alcohol
582:Responsible drug use
467:sobriety checkpoints
388:Testing for cannabis
261:tetrahydrocannabinol
242:B.C. Medical Journal
174:Table from the 2010
115:or being physically
47:DWI (disambiguation)
43:DUI (disambiguation)
4005:Slow moving vehicle
3995:Old age and driving
3546:Parking enforcement
3311:Gateway drug effect
3097:Low-alcohol drinks
2926:Non-alcoholic drink
2861:Temperance movement
2843:Alcohol prohibition
2566:Gilbert Paul Jordan
2556:Dionysian Mysteries
2340:on college campuses
2335:Alcohol advertising
2053:Public intoxication
1645:on 13 November 2020
1351:The Ochsner Journal
1292:. 22 October 2014.
993:(9752): 1558–1565.
933:on 13 February 2023
861:"Pedestrian Safety"
712:Merriam-webster.com
339:Breath Alcohol Test
141:horse-drawn vehicle
4056:Traffic psychology
3963:Digital tachograph
3935:Click It or Ticket
3761:Vehicular homicide
3722:Distracted driving
3143:Addiction medicine
3086:Get Your Sexy Back
3026:Alcohol limitation
3002:Sober living house
2968:Twelve-step groups
2901:Brief intervention
2894:Open-container law
2856:Neo-prohibitionism
2816:Legal drinking age
2622:Alcoholic beverage
2523:Alcohol inhalation
2438:Drinking in public
2416:Blackout Wednesday
2274:Beverage-specific
1991:Alcohol and health
1907:on 8 February 2012
1871:. Globe and Mail.
1326:on 15 October 2019
1247:10.1002/soej.12657
1075:. 18 August 2010.
1043:Collins Dictionary
953:Retail Price Index
800:Phoenix Law Review
406:Child endangerment
335:twelve steps are:
224:Recreational drugs
206:traffic fatalities
184:
79:recreational drugs
60:
4018:
4017:
3922:Automotive safety
3907:Parking violation
3766:Wrong-way driving
3697:Moving violations
3413:Rules of the road
3367:
3366:
3289:
3288:
3239:Islam and alcohol
3173:Calcium carbimide
3043:Alcohol education
2931:List of cocktails
2906:Designated driver
2884:Alcohol-free zone
2787:Hip flask defence
2721:
2720:
2662:Hangover remedies
2606:Whiskey Rebellion
2596:Six o'clock swill
2384:Austrian syndrome
2323:Surrogate alcohol
2313:Denatured alcohol
2285:Red wine headache
1936:. Baltimore, MD:
1682:on 4 October 2021
1451:(February 2014),
1290:Ca.news.yahoo.com
520:Designated driver
351:Psychomotor tests
232:products such as
180:harmful to others
16:(Redirected from
4068:
3984:Hours of service
3809:Learner's permit
3776:Driver licensing
3739:Reckless driving
3705:Impaired driving
3551:Impaired driving
3524:Road Users' Code
3514:The Highway Code
3501:Road user guides
3441:Green Cross Code
3394:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3370:
3357:
3356:
3156:Chlordiazepoxide
3106:Low-alcohol beer
2750:Alcohol monopoly
2732:
2731:
2652:Drinking culture
2645:Women in brewing
2528:Vodka eyeballing
2495:Passive drinking
2006:
2005:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1951:Impaired driving
1930:Barron H. Lerner
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1900:. Archived from
1899:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1799:on 29 March 2017
1798:
1792:. Archived from
1787:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1675:. Archived from
1674:
1666:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1633:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1596:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1551:. January 2011.
1550:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1519:. Archived from
1514:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1445:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1322:. Archived from
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1282:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1135:. 19 July 2023.
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1002:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
929:. Archived from
918:
912:
911:
909:
907:
888:
882:
880:
878:
876:
857:
851:
850:
848:
846:
826:
820:
814:
808:
807:
795:
789:
788:
786:
784:
779:on 1 August 2017
775:. Archived from
764:
758:
757:
755:
745:
734:
728:
727:
725:
723:
704:
698:
697:
695:
693:
679:
673:
672:
652:
646:
645:
609:
527:, UK police code
424:reckless driving
151:George Smith, a
99:criminal offense
21:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4014:
3944:
3916:
3861:
3828:
3770:
3691:
3638:
3577:Pretextual stop
3534:
3509:Driver's manual
3495:
3407:
3398:
3368:
3363:
3345:
3326:Self-medication
3285:
3243:
3213:
3151:Benzodiazepines
3137:
3021:
3007:Sobering center
2992:Sober companion
2973:Al-Anon/Alateen
2865:
2837:
2727:
2717:
2610:
2539:
2479:In vino veritas
2473:Hair of the dog
2291:
2207:Adverse effects
2202:
2171:
2121:
2067:
2011:
2010:Alcohol-related
2001:
1993:
1988:
1947:
1926:
1924:Further reading
1921:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1865:
1861:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1670:"Archived copy"
1668:
1667:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1472:
1470:
1462:ABIM Foundation
1458:Choosing Wisely
1446:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1387:
1380:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1200:"National Post"
1198:
1197:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1039:"drink-driving"
1037:
1036:
1032:
1000:10.1.1.690.1283
983:
979:
969:
967:
950:
946:
936:
934:
919:
915:
905:
903:
890:
889:
885:
874:
872:
859:
858:
854:
844:
842:
827:
823:
817:State v. Graves
815:
811:
796:
792:
782:
780:
765:
761:
753:10.1.1.553.1031
743:
735:
731:
721:
719:
706:
705:
701:
691:
689:
681:
680:
676:
669:
653:
649:
610:
606:
601:
596:
500:
488:
463:
453:
451:Laws by country
433:
420:
408:
403:
390:
367:or other drugs)
328:
316:police officers
312:
306:
301:
285:heavy machinery
273:benzodiazepines
269:
226:
214:
190:
168:
108:
91:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4074:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3976:
3974:Drowsy driving
3971:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3930:Seat belt laws
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3897:Double parking
3894:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3744:Brake checking
3736:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3629:Traffic ticket
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:Highway patrol
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3436:Boulevard rule
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3341:French paradox
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3197:Sulfonic acids
3194:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3131:Standard drink
3128:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3093:Liquor license
3090:
3089:
3088:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2965:
2960:
2958:Temperance bar
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2659:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2379:Binge drinking
2376:
2371:
2369:Alcohol powder
2366:
2361:
2359:Alcohol myopia
2356:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2272:
2267:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2167:Wine chemistry
2164:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2133:Beer chemistry
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2003:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1946:
1945:External links
1943:
1942:
1941:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1886:
1859:
1840:
1819:"wet reckless"
1810:
1774:
1743:
1707:
1656:
1619:
1583:
1569:
1537:
1526:on 10 May 2017
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:978-0615452272
1492:
1478:, which cites
1435:
1401:(1): 119–123.
1378:
1337:
1307:
1272:
1241:(2): 259–276.
1221:
1188:
1150:
1120:
1090:
1060:
1030:
977:
964:MeasuringWorth
944:
913:
883:
852:
835:Brisbane Times
821:
809:
790:
759:
729:
699:
674:
667:
647:
620:(3): 241–253.
603:
602:
600:
597:
595:
594:
592:Zero tolerance
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
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496:
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377:
374:
371:
368:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
327:
324:
308:Main article:
305:
302:
300:
297:
268:
265:
225:
222:
213:
210:
200:increases the
186:Main article:
167:
164:
137:farm machinery
107:
104:
90:
87:
26:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
4073:
4062:
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4047:
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4042:
4041:Alcohol abuse
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3902:Parking chair
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3751:Street racing
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3742:
3741:
3740:
3737:
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3730:
3728:
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3715:United States
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3694:
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3619:Traffic guard
3617:
3615:
3614:Traffic court
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3498:
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3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
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3459:
3457:
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3447:
3446:Move over law
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
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3422:
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3418:
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3342:
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3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Mood disorder
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3279:
3277:
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3222:
3220:
3216:
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3205:
3203:
3200:
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3198:
3195:
3191:
3190:Nitrous oxide
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
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3132:
3129:
3127:
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3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:Fermented tea
3099:
3098:
3096:
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3091:
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3083:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
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3057:
3054:
3053:
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3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Sober curious
2995:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2982:
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2970:
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2929:
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2800:
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2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2701:
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2693:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:Ladies' night
2684:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2669:
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2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
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2617:
2613:
2607:
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2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Rum Rebellion
2584:
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2572:
2569:
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2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Alcohol enema
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
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2500:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
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2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Flaming drink
2466:
2464:
2463:Dutch courage
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Drunk walking
2446:
2444:
2443:Drunk dialing
2441:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2421:Drinking game
2419:
2417:
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2331:
2330:Alcohol abuse
2328:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
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2309:
2306:
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2300:
2298:
2297:Social issues
2294:
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2234:breast cancer
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2163:
2162:Fusel alcohol
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2032:
2031:Drunk driving
2029:
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2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
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2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1978:
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1757:Money.cnn.com
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1357:(4): 525–32.
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1074:
1073:Science Daily
1070:
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668:9781412905961
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575:
573:
570:
567:
564:
562:
559:
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554:
552:
549:
547:
546:Drunk walking
544:
542:
541:Drunk drivers
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
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493:
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477:
472:
468:
462:
458:
448:
446:
441:
438:
437:car insurance
428:
425:
415:
413:
401:Other charges
398:
394:
385:
381:
375:
372:
369:
366:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
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332:
323:
321:
317:
311:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
274:
264:
262:
256:
253:
248:
243:
239:
235:
231:
221:
219:
209:
207:
203:
202:relative risk
199:
195:
189:
188:Drunk driving
181:
177:
172:
163:
161:
157:
154:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
126:
122:
121:driver's seat
118:
114:
103:
100:
95:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
36:Drunk driving
33:
19:
3814:Point system
3704:
3624:Traffic stop
3572:State police
3556:Breathalyzer
3550:
3481:Traffic code
3471:Right-of-way
3421:All-way stop
3276:Gin Act 1751
3266:Bratt System
3259:
3255:
3122:Measurement
3056:Breathalyzer
2826:Shoulder tap
2478:
2352:Beer goggles
2024:
1933:
1909:. Retrieved
1902:the original
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1862:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1822:
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1794:the original
1789:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1756:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1722:
1710:
1684:. Retrieved
1677:the original
1647:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1635:
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1598:
1586:
1577:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1521:the original
1516:
1504:
1483:
1471:, retrieved
1456:
1426:. Retrieved
1398:
1394:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:the original
1319:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1289:
1263:. Retrieved
1238:
1234:
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1203:
1180:, retrieved
1164:
1141:. Retrieved
1132:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1042:
1033:
990:
986:
980:
968:. Retrieved
962:
947:
935:. Retrieved
931:the original
926:
916:
904:. Retrieved
895:
886:
873:. Retrieved
864:
855:
843:. Retrieved
834:
824:
816:
812:
803:
799:
793:
781:. Retrieved
777:the original
772:
762:
739:
732:
722:29 September
720:. Retrieved
711:
702:
690:. Retrieved
686:
677:
657:
650:
617:
613:
607:
531:Driving laws
515:Breathalyzer
489:
464:
442:
434:
421:
418:Wet reckless
412:endangerment
409:
395:
391:
382:
379:
333:
329:
313:
278:
270:
257:
241:
227:
215:
191:
150:
130:
124:
116:
112:
109:
96:
92:
66:
62:
61:
51:
4051:Traffic law
4036:Alcohol law
4010:Vision Zero
3950:Road safety
3912:Wheel clamp
3672:School zone
3644:Speed limit
3602:Enforcement
3539:Enforcement
3526:(Hong Kong)
3486:Turn on red
3401:Traffic law
3256:Beer Street
3207:Homotaurine
3202:Acamprosate
3073:Dry January
3052:Monitoring
2953:Teetotalism
2946:Malt drinks
2736:Alcohol law
2508:Yard of ale
2453:Drunkorexia
2265:intolerance
2058:Rum-running
1955:MedlinePlus
1473:24 February
1133:www.cdc.gov
1053:14 December
471:advertising
360:Muscle tone
354:Vital signs
212:Other drugs
176:DrugScience
153:London Taxi
89:Terminology
77:(including
4025:Categories
3958:Tachograph
3756:Tailgating
3592:Textalyzer
3587:Terry stop
3456:Overtaking
3336:Town drunk
3168:Disulfiram
3116:Small beer
3082:Campaigns
2916:Drunk tank
2889:Dry campus
2799:Dry county
2581:Rum ration
2561:Dipsomania
2490:Pantsdrunk
2283:Red wine:
2073:Alcoholism
2063:Wine fraud
1911:10 October
1612:1 December
1265:15 January
937:9 December
896:Crimesider
599:References
505:Alcoholism
156:cab driver
117:in control
106:Definition
83:physicians
4000:Road rage
3607:Red light
3271:Dry state
3178:Cyanamide
3012:Sobrietol
2811:Last call
2777:DWI court
2630:Beer mile
2601:Speakeasy
2571:Gin Craze
2503:Beer bong
2458:Dry drunk
2431:Pregaming
2279:Potomania
2261:Tolerance
2251:Pregnancy
2126:Chemistry
2048:Nip joint
2043:Moonshine
1723:Nhtsa.gov
1686:9 October
1649:9 October
1320:Codot.gov
1255:0038-4038
995:CiteSeerX
748:CiteSeerX
556:DWI court
431:Penalties
289:forklifts
234:marijuana
160:shillings
113:operating
3970:(Europe)
3359:Category
3260:Gin Lane
3017:Quit lit
2941:Spritzer
2871:Sobriety
2726:Alcohol
2707:Whiskey
2535:Sconcing
2485:Nightcap
2411:Blackout
2241:Cortisol
2138:Congener
1932:(2011).
1879:1 August
1873:Archived
1827:Archived
1803:1 August
1767:1 August
1761:Archived
1727:Archived
1696:cite web
1603:Archived
1562:27 March
1553:Archived
1530:1 August
1467:archived
1428:16 April
1423:45295600
1415:25312259
1373:24358001
1294:Archived
1259:Archived
1208:Archived
1182:26 March
1173:archived
1143:26 March
1137:Archived
1113:26 March
1107:Archived
1105:. 2018.
1077:Archived
1047:Archived
1017:21036393
900:Archived
869:Archived
839:Archived
783:1 August
716:Archived
642:23160488
634:15276925
498:See also
230:cannabis
3867:Parking
3634:Warning
3294:Related
3248:History
3033:0-0-1-3
2728:control
2615:General
2591:Shebeen
2544:History
2214:Anxiety
2176:Effects
2150:Ethanol
1999:Alcohol
1736:2 March
1636:ems.gov
1364:3865831
1330:2 March
1300:2 March
1214:2 March
1025:5667719
906:19 July
875:19 July
845:19 July
692:14 July
331:scene.
299:Testing
281:opioids
238:hashish
194:alcohol
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