933:
209:
494:
306:
under one ruling house. Historians consider this arrangement the political masterstroke of the
Hispanic Middle Ages. Both realms gained greater strength and security and Aragon got its much needed outlet to the sea. On the other hand, formation of a new political entity in the north-east at the time
301:
The treaty between Ramon
Berenguer and his father-in-law, Ramiro II, stipulated that their descendants would rule jointly over both realms, and that even if Petronilla died before the marriage could be consummated, Ramon Berenguer's heirs would still inherit the Kingdom of Aragon. Both realms would
574:
Ramiro delivered the kingdom of Aragon to Ramon
Berenguer IV, who promised to respect the laws and privileges of the people. In deference to his father-in-law and in acknowledgment of his own status as a prince-consort, he did not assume the royal title, but called himself simply Prince of
508:
said he was, " man of particularly great nobility, prudence, and probity, of lively temperament, high counsel, great bravery, and steady intellect, who displayed great temperance in all his actions. He was handsome in appearance, with a large body and very well-proportioned limbs."
608:
Shortly after the marriage, Ramiro retired to a monastery and Ramon
Berenguer acknowledged his status in Aragón not as king but as prince-consort. Due to her youth, however, Petronila ruled more in name than in fact (she and Ramon were not formally married until
473:, Italy. He was succeeded by Petronilla and then by his eldest surviving son, Ramon Berenguer, who also inherited the Kingdom of Aragon upon Petronilla's abdication in 1164. He changed his name to Alfonso as a nod to his Aragonese lineage, and became
293:
In effect becoming ruler of Aragon, although Ramon
Berenguer was never king himself in acknowledgment of his own status as a consort, instead commonly using the titles "Count of the Barcelonans and Prince of the Aragonians"
354:
after a six-month siege with the help of
Southern French, Anglo-Norman and Genoese crusaders. When Moors later tried to recapture Tortosa, the women put up such a spirited defense that Ramon Berenger created for them the
410:. The treaty defined the zones of conquest in Andalusia as an attempt to prevent the two rulers from coming into conflict. Also in 1151, Ramon Berenguer founded and endowed the royal monastery of
311:
in the west gave more balance to the
Christian kingdoms of the peninsula. Ramon Berenguer successfully pulled Aragon out of its pledged submission to Castile, aided no doubt by his sister
278:. He inherited the county of Barcelona from his father Ramon Berenguer III on 19 August 1131. On 11 August 1137, at the age of about 24, he was betrothed to the infant
1141:
853:
917:
902:
672:("The Donation of Ramiro II of Aragon to Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona in 1137, and the Institution of In-House Marriage"), published in
665:
1131:
1126:
806:
788:
Villegas-Aristizabal, Lucas (2009), "Anglo-Norman involvement in the conquest of
Tortosa and Settlement of Tortosa, 1148-1180",
187:
47:
846:
444:
157:
601:
567:
391:
1004:
974:
969:
387:
434:
147:
662:
La donación de Ramiro II de Aragón a Ramón
Berenguer IV de Barcelona, de 1137, y la institución del "casamiento en casa"
994:
984:
949:
537:
407:
887:
839:
862:
271:
247:
959:
498:
197:
1116:
527:
1136:
290:, withdrew from public life on 13 November 1137, leaving his kingdom to Petronilla and Ramon Berenguer.
454:
167:
1121:
162:
1047:
351:
312:
323:
In the middle years of his rule, Ramon
Berenguer turned his attention to campaigns against the
173:
1039:
557:
302:
preserve their laws, institutions and autonomy, remaining legally distinct but federated in a
298:), and occasionally those of "Marquis of Lleida and Tortosa" (after conquering these cities).
1106:
1062:
591:
111:
660:
1111:
1085:
989:
954:
882:
823:
474:
439:
356:
279:
208:
152:
134:
57:
415:
403:
8:
744:
Benito, Pere (2017). "An Intense but Stymied Occitan Campaign". In Sabaté, Flocel (ed.).
343:
287:
283:
275:
251:
1014:
1029:
964:
941:
892:
813:
466:
395:
243:
124:
95:
29:
874:
398:. During the minority of Ramon Berenguer II, the count of Barcelona also acted as the
308:
1077:
1009:
866:
597:
563:
533:
255:
1057:
912:
1067:
1052:
999:
979:
907:
897:
470:
225:
99:
932:
669:
449:
259:
315:, wife of Alfonso VII, who was well known in her time for her beauty and charm.
1019:
328:
303:
1100:
1024:
831:
493:
422:, thus uniting that small principality with the growing Aragonese state.
372:
477:. Ramon Berenguer IV's younger son Pere (Peter) inherited the county of
368:
332:
336:
230:
82:
482:
478:
419:
383:
119:
711:
709:
679:
764:
Prelude to Empire: Portugal Overseas Before Henry the Navigator
706:
593:
The King's Other Body: Maria of Castile and the Crown of Aragon
411:
402:
of Provence (between 1144 and 1157). In 1151, Ramon signed the
399:
364:
347:
614:
360:
339:
324:
376:
418:
in return for the Bearnese nobles rendering him homage at
773:
The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade
696:
694:
643:
641:
746:
The Crown of Aragon: A Singular Mediterranean Empire
721:
691:
638:
626:
282:, aged one at the time. Petronilla's father, King
1142:12th-century people from the County of Barcelona
1098:
596:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 25.
270:Ramon Berenguer was born 1114, the son of Count
779:
685:
620:
555:
529:Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia
847:
861:
770:
715:
465:Ramon Berenguer IV died on 6 August 1162 in
755:Medieval France and her Pyrenean Neighbours
488:
485:, and changed his name to Ramon Berenguer.
296:Comes Barcinonensis et Princeps Aragonensis
854:
840:
589:
585:
583:
551:
549:
286:, who sought Barcelona's aid against King
562:. Cornell University Press. p. 224.
525:
492:
425:
580:
546:
188:Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona
1099:
761:
752:
743:
727:
700:
653:
647:
632:
445:Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence
414:. In 1154, he accepted the regency of
158:Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence
835:
556:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2013-04-15).
224:
93:6 August 1162 (aged 48–49)
318:
16:Count of Barcelona from 1131 to 1162
382:Ramon Berenguer also campaigned in
335:. He then invaded the lands of the
250:who brought about the union of the
13:
590:Earenfight, Theresa (2012-02-24).
327:. In October 1147, as part of the
14:
1153:
1132:Burials at Santa Maria de Ripoll
1127:Christians of the Second Crusade
931:
506:Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña
497:Statue of Ramon Berenguer IV in
272:Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona
207:
923:Ramon Berengeur IV of Barcelona
780:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1975).
766:. University of Nebraska Press.
737:
408:Alfonso VII of León and Castile
331:, he helped Castile to conquer
762:Diffie, Bailey Wallys (1960).
519:
499:Parque del Buen Retiro, Madrid
265:
39:19 August 1131 – 6 August 1162
1:
771:Graham-Leigh, Elaine (2005).
676:, #270, Madrid, 1998, p. 710.
526:Emmerson, Richard K. (2013).
512:
198:Douce I, Countess of Provence
74:
7:
784:. Cornell University Press.
782:A History of Medieval Spain
559:A History of Medieval Spain
307:when Portugal seceded from
229:; c. 1114 – 6 August 1162,
10:
1158:
753:Bisson, Thomas N. (1989).
532:. Routledge. p. 553.
430:Ramon and Petronilla had:
1076:
1038:
940:
929:
873:
820:
811:
803:
798:
748:. Brill. pp. 92–124.
455:Sancho, Count of Provence
379:rivers fell to his army.
371:in the confluence of the
203:
193:
183:
168:Sancho, Count of Provence
140:
130:
118:
106:
89:
70:
63:
53:
43:
35:
28:
21:
489:Appearance and character
460:
450:Dulce, Queen of Portugal
226:[rəˈmombəɾəŋˈɡe]
163:Dulce, Queen of Portugal
1048:Eleanor of Alburquerque
481:and lands north of the
350:. In December 1148, he
757:. The Hambledon Press.
501:
390:and his infant nephew
386:, helping his brother
222:Catalan pronunciation:
174:Archbishop of Narbonne
1063:Isabella I of Castile
496:
426:Marriage and children
112:Santa Maria de Ripoll
1086:Isabella of Portugal
990:Elisenda of Montcada
955:Maria of Montpellier
883:Ermesinda of Bigorre
775:. The Boydell Press.
475:Alfonso II of Aragon
440:Alfonso II of Aragon
357:Order of the Hatchet
280:Petronilla of Aragon
236:), sometimes called
153:Alfonso II of Aragon
135:Petronilla of Aragon
1117:Counts of Barcelona
1040:House of Trastámara
1005:Eleanor of Portugal
975:Isabella of Castile
970:Constance of Sicily
807:Ramon Berenguer III
792:8, pp. 63–129.
659:See Serrano Daura,
288:Alfonso VII of Leon
284:Ramiro II of Aragon
276:Douce I of Provence
252:County of Barcelona
234:Raymond Berengar IV
48:Ramon Berenguer III
1137:House of Barcelona
1030:Margaret of Prades
995:Eleanor of Castile
965:Violant of Hungary
960:Eleanor of Castile
942:House of Barcelona
918:Agnes of Aquitaine
903:Agnes of Aquitaine
893:Isabella of Urgell
814:Count of Barcelona
718:, p. table 9.
688:, p. 231-232.
668:2011-07-06 at the
502:
467:Borgo San Dalmazzo
396:counts of Toulouse
392:Ramon Berenguer II
244:count of Barcelona
218:Ramon Berenguer IV
96:Borgo San Dalmazzo
30:Count of Barcelona
23:Ramon Berenguer IV
1094:
1093:
1078:House of Habsburg
1010:Eleanor of Sicily
985:Marie of Lusignan
950:Sancha of Castile
830:
829:
821:Succeeded by
716:Graham-Leigh 2005
603:978-0-8122-0183-3
569:978-0-8014-6872-8
416:Gaston V of Béarn
404:Treaty of Tudilén
359:. The next year,
319:Crusades and wars
256:Kingdom of Aragon
248:consort of Aragon
215:
214:
1149:
1068:Germaine of Foix
1053:Maria of Castile
1015:Sibila de Fortià
1000:Maria of Navarre
980:Blanche of Anjou
935:
898:Felicia of Roucy
875:House of Jiménez
856:
849:
842:
833:
832:
804:Preceded by
796:
795:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
731:
725:
719:
713:
704:
698:
689:
686:O'Callaghan 1975
683:
677:
657:
651:
645:
636:
630:
624:
621:O'Callaghan 1975
618:
612:
611:
587:
578:
577:
553:
544:
543:
523:
352:captured Tortosa
228:
223:
211:
114:
85:
79:
76:
66:
19:
18:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1122:Spanish princes
1097:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1072:
1034:
936:
927:
869:
860:
826:
817:
809:
740:
735:
734:
726:
722:
714:
707:
699:
692:
684:
680:
670:Wayback Machine
658:
654:
646:
639:
631:
627:
619:
615:
604:
588:
581:
570:
554:
547:
540:
524:
520:
515:
491:
463:
428:
388:Berenguer Ramon
321:
268:
260:Crown of Aragon
221:
179:
110:
94:
81:
80:
77:
64:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1155:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:Juana Enríquez
1055:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:Violant of Bar
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
944:
938:
937:
930:
928:
926:
925:
920:
915:
913:Urraca of León
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
871:
870:
863:Royal consorts
859:
858:
851:
844:
836:
828:
827:
822:
819:
810:
805:
801:
800:
799:Regnal titles
794:
793:
786:
777:
768:
759:
750:
739:
736:
733:
732:
720:
705:
703:, p. 131.
690:
678:
652:
650:, p. 240.
637:
625:
623:, p. 680.
613:
602:
579:
568:
545:
539:978-1136775192
538:
517:
516:
514:
511:
490:
487:
462:
459:
458:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
427:
424:
329:Second Crusade
320:
317:
304:dynastic union
267:
264:
213:
212:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
178:
177:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
144:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
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116:
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91:
87:
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72:
68:
67:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1154:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
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1104:
1102:
1087:
1084:
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1081:
1079:
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1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:Maria de Luna
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
943:
939:
934:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
852:
850:
845:
843:
838:
837:
834:
825:
816:
815:
808:
802:
797:
791:
787:
783:
778:
774:
769:
765:
760:
756:
751:
747:
742:
741:
730:, p. 24.
729:
724:
717:
712:
710:
702:
697:
695:
687:
682:
675:
671:
667:
664:
663:
656:
649:
644:
642:
635:, p. 98.
634:
629:
622:
617:
610:
605:
599:
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594:
586:
584:
576:
571:
565:
561:
560:
552:
550:
541:
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531:
530:
522:
518:
510:
507:
500:
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486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
435:Infante Peter
433:
432:
431:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
349:
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341:
338:
334:
330:
326:
316:
314:
310:
305:
299:
297:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:and Countess
273:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
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241:
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210:
206:
202:
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73:
69:
62:
59:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
31:
27:
20:
1107:1110s births
922:
812:
789:
781:
772:
763:
754:
745:
738:Bibliography
723:
681:
673:
661:
655:
628:
616:
607:
592:
573:
558:
528:
521:
505:
503:
464:
429:
394:against the
381:
342:kingdoms of
322:
300:
295:
292:
269:
258:to form the
238:
237:
233:
217:
216:
120:Noble family
1112:1162 deaths
728:Diffie 1960
701:Bisson 1989
648:Bisson 1989
633:Benito 2017
266:Early reign
78: 1114
44:Predecessor
1101:Categories
818:1131–1162
513:References
369:Mequinenza
313:Berengaria
242:, was the
231:Anglicized
674:Hidalguía
337:Almoravid
254:with the
239:the Saint
204:Signature
131:Spouse(s)
125:Barcelona
83:Barcelona
58:Alfonso I
54:Successor
790:Crusades
666:Archived
483:Pyrenees
479:Cerdanya
471:Piedmont
420:Canfranc
384:Provence
344:Valencia
246:and the
100:Piedmont
824:Alfonso
575:Aragon.
333:Almería
172:Ramon,
102:, Italy
908:Bertha
867:Aragon
609:1150).
600:
566:
536:
412:Poblet
400:regent
365:Lleida
348:Murcia
194:Mother
184:Father
176:(ill.)
107:Buried
888:Agnes
461:Death
406:with
373:Segre
361:Fraga
340:taifa
325:Moors
148:Peter
141:Issue
65:
36:Reign
598:ISBN
564:ISBN
534:ISBN
504:The
377:Ebro
375:and
367:and
346:and
309:León
90:Died
71:Born
865:of
1103::
708:^
693:^
640:^
606:.
582:^
572:.
548:^
469:,
363:,
262:.
98:,
75:c.
855:e
848:t
841:v
542:.
294:(
220:(
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