Ramayana - Knowledge

5539: 6865: 6338: 8277: 5054: 10741: 5301: 5185: 5101: 4989: 6834: 6118: 8286:, p. 21–22: "n the Balakanda, as in the central five books of the epic, the kingdom of Kosala is represented as being at the height of its power and prosperity, governed from a major urban settlement called Ayodhya, nly at the very end of the Uttara-kanda, epilogue to the poem e find reference to Sravasti as a successor capital. s Jacobi also pointed out, the capital city of the unified realm of Kosala is invariably known as Ayodhya in the epic and never by the name Saketa, the name by which it comes to be known in much of Buddhist and later literature". 49: 6581: 5527: 12482: 7223: 6308:. Dasharatha, the king of Ayodhya had four queens: Aparajita, Sumitra, Suprabha and Kaikeyi. These four queens had four sons. Aparajita's son was Padma and he became known by the name of Rama. Sumitra's son was Narayana: he came to be known by another name, Lakshmana. Kaikeyi's son was Bharata and Suprabha's son was Shatrughna. Furthermore, not much was thought of Rama's fidelity to Sita. According to the Jain version, Rama had four chief queens: Maithili, Prabhavati, Ratinibha, and Sridama. 4955:

Sita-parityaga, the abandonment of Sita (after Rama and Sita return to Ayodhya and Rama was consecrated as king) and Sambuka-vadha, the killing of the ascetic Sambuka. The U-K attributes both actions to Rama, whom people acknowledged to be righteous and as a model to follow. By masquerading as an additional kanda of the Ramayana composed by Valmiki himself, the U-K succeeded, to a considerable extent, in sabotaging the values presented in Valmiki's Ramayana.

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that it is not she but Rāma who needs Lakṣmaṇa's help. He obeys her wish but stipulates that she is not to leave the cottage or entertain any stranger. He then draws a line that no demon could cross and leaves to help Rāma. With the coast finally clear, Rāvaṇa appears in the guise of an ascetic requesting Sītā's hospitality. Unaware of her guest's plan, Sītā is tricked and is then forcibly carried away by Rāvaṇa.

12458: 3503: 4815: 185: 5508:, and last days of Rama. At the expiration of his term of exile, Rama returns to Ayodhya with Sita, Lakshmana, and Hanuman, where the coronation is performed. On being asked to prove his devotion to Rama, Hanuman tears his chest open and to everyone's surprise, there is an image of Rama and Sita inside his chest. Rama rules Ayodhya and the reign is called 4727: 5231:, (wife of Vāli) calmly intervenes to prevent an enraged Lakṣmaṇa from destroying the ape citadel. She then eloquently convinces Sugriva to honor his pledge. Sugriva then sends search parties to the four corners of the earth, only to return without success from north, east, and west. The southern search party under the leadership of 6572:. Francisco believed that this was a sign of "indigenization", and suggested that some changes had already been introduced in Malaysia and Java even before the story was heard by the Maranao, and that upon reaching the Maranao homeland, the story was "further indigenized to suit Philippine cultural perspectives and orientations." 8298:, p. 3: "The oldest surviving version of the great tale of Rāma, and the one that is doubtless the direct or indirect source of all of the hundreds and perhaps thousands of other versions of the story, is the monumental, mid-first millennium BCE epic poem in some twenty-five thousand Sanskrit couplets attributed to Vālmīki." 5020:(sage) Viśvāmitra comes to the court of Daśaratha in search of help against demons who were disturbing sacrificial rites. He chooses Rāma, who is followed by Lakṣmaṇa, his constant companion throughout the story. Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa receive instructions and supernatural weapons from Viśvāmitra and proceed to destroy 6281:, it is not Rama who kills Ravana as told in the Hindu version. Perhaps this is because Rama, a liberated Jain Self in his last life, is unwilling to kill. Instead, it is Lakshmana who kills Ravana (as Vasudeva killes Prativasudeva). In the end, Rama, who led an upright life, renounces his kingdom, becomes a 5148:. Mārīca, assuming the form of a golden deer, captivates Sītā's attention. Entranced by the beauty of the deer, Sītā pleads with Rāma to capture it. Rāma, aware that this is the ploy of the demons, cannot dissuade Sītā from her desire and chases the deer into the forest, leaving Sītā under Lakṣmaṇa's guard. 6657:, many other aspects were transposed into a Thai context, such as the clothes, weapons, topography and elements of nature, which are described as being Thai in style. It has an expanded role for Hanuman and he is portrayed as a lascivious character. Ramakien can be seen in an elaborate illustration at 5873:

in Wayanad. A notable difference in the version is that the Rama, Lakshmana and Hanuman were tied to a tree and were brought to trial in the tribal court, where the deities of the clan Sidhappan, Nanjappan, Mathappan etc interrogate them with intense inquiries regarding the ethical justification for

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and not Ayodhya. Rama (called Rāmapaṇḍita in this version) was the son of Kaushalya, first wife of Dasharatha. Lakṣmaṇa (Lakkhaṇa) was a sibling of Rama and son of Sumitra, the second wife of Dasharatha. Sita was the wife of Rama. To protect his children from his wife Kaikeyi, who wished to promote

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After entering Lankā, he finds a demon, Lankini, who protects all of Lankā. Hanumān fights with her and subjugates her in order to get into Lankā. In the process, Lankini, who had an earlier vision/warning from the gods, therefore, knows that the end of Lankā nears if someone defeats Lankini. Here,

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After some time, Sītā hears Rāma calling out to her; afraid for his life, she insists that Lakṣmaṇa rush to his aid. Lakṣmaṇa tries to assure her that Rāma cannot be hurt that easily and that it is best if he continues to follow Rāma's orders to protect her. On the verge of hysterics, Sītā insists

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Ramayana has had a profound influence on India and Indians across the geographical and historical space. Rampur is the most common name for villages and towns across the nation particularly UP, Bihar and West Bengal. It is so common that people have been using Ram Ram as a greeting to each other.

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Hanumān takes leave of Sītā. Before going back to Rāma and tell him of Sītā's location & desire to be rescued only by him, he decides to wreak havoc in Lankā by destroying trees in the Naulakha Bagh and buildings and killing Rāvaṇa's warriors. He allows himself to be captured and delivered to

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The grief-stricken king, bound by his word, accedes to Kaikeyī's demands. Rāma accepts his father's reluctant decree with absolute submission and calm self-control which characterizes him throughout the story. He asks Sītā to remain in Ayodhyā, but she convinces him to take her with him in exile.

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dance for example, retells the story of the Ramayana, with dancers playing the roles of Rama, Sita, Lakhsmana, Jatayu, Hanuman, Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Indrajit surrounded by a troupe of over 50 bare-chested men who serve as the chorus chanting "cak". The performance also includes a fire show to

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After Rāma's departure, King Daśaratha, unable to bear the grief, passes away. Meanwhile, Bharata, who was on a visit to his maternal uncle, learns about the events in Ayodhyā. He is shocked and refuses to profit from his mother's wicked scheming. He visits Rāma in the forest and implores him to

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In the Philippines, a jazz ballet production was produced in the 1970s entitled "Rama at Sita" (Rama and Sita). The production was a result of a collaboration of four National Artists, Bienvenido Lumbera's libretto (National Artist for Literature), production design by Salvador Bernal (National

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Rāvaṇa. He gives a bold lecture to Rāvaṇa to release Sīta. He is condemned and his tail is set on fire, but he escapes his bonds and leaps from roof to roof, sets fire to Rāvaṇa's citadel, and makes the giant leap back from the island. The joyous search party returns to Kiṣkindhā with the news.

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Daśaratha was the King of Ayodhyā. He had three wives: Kausalyā, Kaikeyī, and Sumitrā. He did not have a son and in the desire to have a legal heir performs a fire sacrifice known as Putrīyā Iṣṭi. Meanwhile, the gods are petitioning to Brahmā and Viṣhṇu about Rāvaṇa, king of the rākṣasas who is

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Hanumān reassures Sītā, giving Rāma's signet ring as a sign that Rāma is still alive. He offers to carry Sītā back to Rāma; however, she refuses and says that it is not the dharma, stating that Ramāyaṇa will not have significance if Hanumān carries her to Rāma – "When Rāma was not there Rāvaṇa

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On meeting Sītā, Rāma says; "The dishonour meted out to him and the wrong done to her by Rāvaṇa have been wiped off, by his victory over the enemy with the assistance of Hanumān, Sugrīva and Vibhishaṇa". However, upon criticism from people in his kingdom about the chastity of Sītā, Rāma gets

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Since Rama was revered as a dharmatma, his ideas seen in the Ramayana proper cannot be replaced by new ideas as to what dharma is, except by claiming that he himself adopted those new ideas. That is what the U-K does. It embodies the new ideas in two stories that are usually referred to as

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Scholarly estimates for the earliest stage of the text range from the 7th to 5th centuries BCE, and later stages extend up to the 3rd century CE, although the original date of composition is unknown. It is one of the largest ancient epics in world literature and consists of nearly 24,000

4943:(Bala Kanda and Uttara Kanda) were composed by the original author. Though Bala Kanda is sometimes considered in the main epic, according to many Uttara Kanda is certainly a later interpolation, not attributable to Valmiki. Both of these two kāndas are absent in the oldest manuscript. 6908:

and southeast Asia with the lone exception of Vietnam. The story ushered in the tradition of the next thousand years of massive-scale works in the rich diction of regal courts and Hindu temples. It has also inspired much secondary literature in various languages, notably

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return to Ayodhyā and claim the throne that is rightfully his. But Rāma, determined to carry out his father's orders to the letter, refuses to return before the period of exile. Bharata reluctantly returns to Ayodhyā and rules the kingdom on behalf of his brother.

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is the day considered that Rāma, Sītā, Lakṣmaṇa and Hanumān reached Ayodhyā after a period of 14 years in exile after Rāma's army of good defeated demon king Rāvaṇa's army of evil. The return of Rāma to Ayodhyā was celebrated with his coronation. It is called

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and Mahi Ravana, evil brother of Ravana, which enhances the role of Hanuman in the story. Hanuman rescues Rama and Lakshmana after they are kidnapped by the Ahi-Mahi Ravana at the behest of Ravana and held prisoner in a cave, to be sacrificed to the goddess

5332:, this book describes the war between the army of Rāma and the army of Rāvaṇa. Having received Hanuman's report on Sītā, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa proceed with their allies towards the shore of the southern sea. There they are joined by Rāvaṇa's renegade brother 5063:

After Rāma and Sītā have been married, an elderly Daśaratha expresses his desire to crown Rāma, to which the Kosala assembly and his subjects express their support. On the eve of the great event, Kaikeyī was happy about this, but was later on provoked by

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The marriage of the four sons of Dasharatha with the four daughters of Siradhvaja Janaka and Kushadhvaja. Rama and Sita, Lakshmana and Urmila, Bharata and Mandavi and Shatrughna with Shrutakirti. Folio from the Shnagri Ramayana, early 18th-century.

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carried Sītā forcibly and when Rāvaṇa was not there, Hanumān carried Sītā back to Ræma." She says that Rāma himself must come and avenge the insult of her abduction. She gives Hanumān her comb as a token to prove that she is still alive.

8274:, p. 23, "e feel that it is extremely unlikely that the archetype of the Valmiki Ramayana can be much earlier than the beginning of the seventh century B.C., although it is impossible to demonstrate this with any sort of rigor". 5375:

and enters into it, in order to prove her conjugal fidelity. Agni appears in person from the burning pyre, carrying Sītā in his arms and restores her to Rāma, testifying to her purity. Rama later joyfully accepts her. The episode of

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The epic begins with the sage Vālmīki asking Nārada if there is a righteous man still left in the world, to which Nārada replies that such a man is Rāma. After seeing two birds being shot, Vālmīki creates a new form of metre called

6677:, India, utilizing dozens of manuscripts collected from across India and the surrounding region. An English language translation of the critical edition was completed in November 2016 by Sanskrit scholar Robert P. Goldman of the 5005:, in which he is granted the ability to compose an epic poem about Rāma. He teaches his poem to the boys Lava and Kuśa, who recite it throughout the land and eventually at the court of king Rāma. Then the main narrative begins. 5969:

was fascinated by the epic Ramayana so much that he wanted to impart the story and the good lessons preached by it to a large number of persons who could not obviously read the entire epic in original. He composed the entire

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After nine years, Dasharatha died and Lakkhaṇa and Sita returned. Rāmapaṇḍita, in deference to his father's wishes, remained in exile for a further two years. This version does not include the abduction of Sītā. There is no

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in Tamil in the 12th century AD, there are many ancient references to the story of Ramayana, implying that the story was familiar in the Tamil lands even before the Common Era. References to the story can be found in the

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and Nagasura Madale in 1968. The poem, which had not been written down before Francisco and Madale's translation, narrates the adventures of the monkey-king, Maharadia Lawana, to whom the Gods have granted immortality.

5166:. Ravaṇa asks Sītā to marry him, but she refuses, being totally devoted to Rāma. Meanwhile, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa learn about Sītā's abduction from Jatāyu and immediately set out to save her. During their search, they meet 6311:

Furthermore, Sita takes renunciation as a Jain ascetic after Rama abandons her and is reborn in heaven as Indra. Rama, after Lakshman's death, also renounces his kingdom and becomes a Jain monk. Ultimately, he attains

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extremely disheartened. So Sītā, in order to prove the citizens wrong and wipe the false blame on her, requests Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa to prepare a pyre for her to enter. When Lakṣmaṇa prepares the pyre, Sītā prays to

9445: 5414:. There are mentions in Rāmayaṇa that Rama gave several donations to Sugriva, Jambavan, other Vanaras, and gave a pearl necklace to Sita telling her to give it to a great person. She gives it to Hanumān. 5402:) so it was necessary to bring her out before reuniting with Rāma. The gods led by Brahma arrive and glorify Rama as the incarnation of Supreme God Narayana. Indra restores the dead Vanaras back to life. 4806:, respectively) seem to be later additions. Style differences and narrative contradictions between these two volumes and the rest of the epic have led scholars since Hermann Jacobi toward this consensus. 8441: 8772: 6568:

By the time it was documented in the 1960s, the character names, place names, and the precise episodes and events in Maharadia Lawana's narrative already had some notable differences from those of the

5039:, whom he had found in the earth when plowing a field. Rāma then proceeds to not only string the bow, but breaks it in the process. Rāma marries Sītā; the wedding is celebrated with great festivity in 9308: 5363:, Hanumān is unable to identify the herb that will cure Lakṣmaṇa and so he decides to bring the entire mountain back to Lankā. Eventually, the war ends when Rāma kills Rāvaṇa. Rāma then installs 5134:, sister of Ravaṇa. She tries to seduce the brothers and, after failing, attempts to kill Sītā out of jealousy. Lakṣmaṇa stops her by cutting off her nose and ears. Hearing of this, her brothers 9630: 5538: 8499: 7254:

has been performed on Broadway, London's West End, United Nations Headquarters, the Smithsonian Institution among other international venue and in more than 35 cities and towns in India.

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is similar to the original Sanskrit version, while the latter half is very different. One of the recognizable modifications is the inclusion of the indigenous Javanese guardian demigod,

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This translation is part of the Princeton Library of Asian Translations and is noted for its scholarly approach and detailed annotations. The project spans multiple volumes and years.

4761:. The later parts cannot have been composed later than the 6th or 5th century BCE, due to the narrative not mentioning Buddhism (founded in the 5th century BCE) nor the prominence of 9902: 5573:

related in north India differs in important respects from that preserved in south India and the rest of southeast Asia. There is an extensive tradition of oral storytelling based on

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written by various authors in India. Some of them differ significantly from each other. A West Bengal manuscript from the 6th century presents the epic without two of its kandas.

5035:, who has a bow that no one has been able to string. Janaka recounts the history of the famed bow, and informs them that whoever strings the bow will win the hand of his daughter 9270: 5270:'s heroics. After learning about Sītā, Hanumān assumes a gigantic form and makes a colossal leap across the sea to Lanka. On the way, he meets with many challenges like facing a 5282:

Hanumān explores the demons' kingdom and spies on Rāvaṇa. He locates Sītā in Ashoka grove, where she is being wooed and threatened by Rāvaṇa and his rakshasis to marry Rāvaṇa.

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in Jain Puranas. Instead they serve as names of two distinct classes of mighty brothers, who appear nine times in each half time cycle and jointly rule half the earth as half-

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narrative arrived in the Philippines some time between the 17th to 19th centuries, via interactions with Javanese and Malaysian cultures which traded extensively with India.

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Scholars note "linguistic and rhetorical differences" between the Uttara Kanda and books 2 through 6 of the Ramayana, especially in stories such as Sita's exile and death of

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Scholarly estimates for the earliest stage of the available text range from the 7th to 5th centuries BCE, with later stages extending up to the 3rd century CE. According to

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Some think that the Uttara Kanda contradicts how Rama and Dharma are portrayed in the rest of the epic. M. R. Parameswaran says that the way the positions of women and

9561: 8645: 8615: 5858:, derived from oral folk legends. It consists of seven stories with Lakshmana as the protagonist, set after the main events of the Ramayana, where he finds a bride. 8573: 9453: 8898: 8872: 9872: 8456: 8433: 6644:), the astrologer brother of Ravana, predicts the death of Ravana from Sita's horoscope. Ravana throws her into the water, but she is later rescued by Janaka ( 9795: 10176: 6320:, will attain liberation in their future births. Accordingly, Ravana is the future Tirthankara of the next half ascending time cycle and Sita will be his 8959: 9373: 5512:(a place where the common folk is happy, fulfilled, and satisfied). Then Valmiki trained Lava and Kusha in archery and succeeded the throne after Rama. 9626: 8850: 7008:

from the 8th century onward and was represented in literature, temple architecture, dance and theatre. Today, dramatic enactments of the story of the

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abandoning his pregnant wife in the barren jungle, neglecting his duties as a husband. Rama admits his mistakes and reaccepts Sita, Lava and Kusha.

5835:. In this variant of the narrative, Sita is accorded far more prominence, such as elaboration of the events surrounding her birth – in this case to 5486:, and together with Bala Kanda it is considered by some scholars to be an interpolation, and that "the 'original' poem ended with the Yuddhakanda. 6293:. However, it is predicted that ultimately they both will be reborn as upright persons and attain liberation in their future births. According to 9964: 7885: 7021: 5534:

was adopted by several cultures across Asia. Shown here is a Thai historic artwork depicting the battle which took place between Rama and Ravana.

5459: 3846:. Its most important moral influence was the importance of virtue, in the life of a citizen and in the ideals of the formation of a state (from 10402: 9025: 4554: 10573: 5216:(Vana-nara) – Forest dwelling humans. Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa meet Hanumān, the biggest devotee of Rāma, greatest of ape heroes, and an adherent of 4868:. It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal son, servant, brother, husband, wife, and king. Like the 11935: 7607:

These translations reflect a range of approaches, from strict adherence to the original Sanskrit text to more accessible modern retellings.

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who offers Hanuman assistance and offers him rest. Hanumān refuses because there is little time remaining to complete the search for Sītā.

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Artist for Stage Design), music by Ryan Cayabyab (National Artist for Music) and choreography by Alice Reyes (National Artist for Dance).

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people, and has become the source of moral and spiritual guidance as well as aesthetic expression and entertainment, for example in

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hurls a powerful weapon at Lakṣmaṇa and he gets mortally wounded. So Hanumān assumes his gigantic form and flies from Lankā to the

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and many other demons. Viśvāmitra also recounts much lore of the landscape, his own ancestors, and the ancestors of the princes.

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Narayan's translation is a prose version that simplifies the story for a modern audience while retaining its essential elements.

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There are around thirty three commentaries on the Ramayana. Some of the commentaries on the Ramayana include Mahesvara Tirtha's

2410: 996: 10461: 9342: 6549:, has been regarded as an indigenized version of the Ramayana since it was documented and translated into English by Professor 5320:

to save Rāma's kidnapped wife, Sītā. The painting depicts multiple events in the battle against the three-headed demon general

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described to be a just and fair rule. It is believed by many that when Rama returned people celebrated their happiness with

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However, Sugriva soon forgets his promise and spends his time enjoying his newly gained power. The clever former ape queen

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Rajagopalan, K.R., “Development of Karnataka Music”, Swami Prajanananda Felicitation Volume, Calcutta (under print)

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Sattar's translation is praised for its clarity and readability, as well as for staying close to the original text.

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life and culture, and its main figures were fundamental to the cultural consciousness of a number of nations, both

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performed on the Trimurti Prambanan open air stage, with dozens of actors and the three main prasad spires of the

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has become a popular source of artistic expression for dance drama and shadow puppet performances in the region.

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The four hundred songs of war and wisdom : an anthology of poems from classical Tamil : the Puṟanāṉūṟu

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When the news of these events reaches Rāvaṇa, he resolves to destroy Rāma by capturing Sītā with the aid of the

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Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: An Ethnography of Television, Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolonial India

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in 1972. The painting is currently in the permanent collection of the Malaysian National Visual Arts Gallery.

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Debroy's translation is known for its fidelity to the original text and detailed footnotes and commentary.

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before 1948 period. Their paintings are currently in the National Museum of World Cultures collections of

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A relief with part of the Ramayana epic, shows Rama killed the golden deer that turn out to be the demon

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After the exile, Rāma returns to Ayodhya and the people are so happy they celebrate it like a festival.

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Shastri's translation is notable for its attempt to retain the poetic beauty of the original Sanskrit.

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is not based on Valmiki's epic, which was then the most famous version of Rama's story, but based on

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Buck's version is a modern retelling that aims to make the story accessible to contemporary readers.

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her son Bharata, Dasharatha sent the three to a hermitage in the Himalayas for a twelve-year exile.

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The princes and their army cross over to Lanka. A lengthy war ensues. During a battle, Ravana's son

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Griffith's translation was one of the earliest complete translations of the Ramayana into English.

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In the explanatory commentary on Jātaka, Rāmapaṇḍita is said to have been a previous birth of the

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or the "Ravana massacre," which is the sixth or seventh century poem by Indian poet Bhattikavya.

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Rāma, His Historicity, Mandir, and Setu: Evidence of Literature, Archaeology, and Other Sciences

9653:"UC Berkeley researchers complete decades-long translation project | The Daily Californian" 1422: 12537: 11348: 11313: 10631: 9040: 7134:) artists such as I Gusti Dohkar (before 1938), I Dewa Poetoe Soegih, I Dewa Gedé Raka Poedja, 6254:

notes that, unlike in the Hindu Puranas, the names Baladeva and Vasudeva are not restricted to

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in the form of songs together as an opera so even normal people could understand his Ramayana.

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in the 13th century and another of a purer Telugu rendition, called Molla Ramayanam written by

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omniscience and finally liberation. Rama predicts that Ravana and Lakshmana, who were in the

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Kanyā who comes in the form of a demon to test his abilities. He encounters a mountain named

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terrorizing the universe. Thus Viṣṇu had opted to be born into mortality to combat the demon

4936:, is a growth of centuries, but the main story is more distinctly the creation of one mind." 4604: 4427: 4181: 3475: 3453: 3343: 3208: 2781: 2389: 2269: 1672: 1658: 826: 8689: 8060: 6497:

also retells the Ramayana. One example of a dance production of the Ramayana in Java is the

4922:

differentiates two major regional revisions: the northern (n) and the southern (s). Scholar

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English translation by Hari Prasad Shastri, 1952 (revised edition with interwoven glossary)

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which means 'darkness or stillness of night'. The other meaning, which can be found in the

3461: 3457: 3449: 3338: 3000: 2578: 2548: 2379: 2284: 2180: 1910: 1804: 8899:"Tribals, Trials And Tribulations: Wayanad's Adivasis Have Their Own Versions of Ramayana" 8873:"Tribals, Trials And Tribulations: Wayanad's Adivasis Have Their Own Versions of Ramayana" 7210:. A number of plays, movies and television serials have also been produced based upon the 5902: 5162:, tries to rescue Sītā but is mortally wounded. In Lankā, Sītā is kept under the guard of 152: 8: 12291: 12034: 11806: 11561: 11341: 11299: 11278: 11257: 10902: 10577: 9833: 7769: 7732: 6905: 6833: 5743: 5664: 5138:

and Dushan organize an attack against the princes. Rama defeats Khara and his rakshasas.

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Rohman, Todd (2009). "The Classical Period". In Watling, Gabrielle; Quay, Sara (eds.).

10078: 9746: 9204: 9019: 8773:"Islamic Art | Two Pages from the Ramayana Made for Akbar's mother, Hamidah Banu Begum" 7821: 7746: 7313:

Here is a list of notable English translations of the Ramayana in chronological order:

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of the text was compiled in India in the 1960s and 1970s, by the Oriental Institute at

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thus regaining the kingdom of Kiṣkindhā, in exchange for helping Rāma to recover Sītā.

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Francisco, Juan R. (1989). "The Indigenization of the Rama Story in the Philippines".

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text has several regional renderings, recensions, and sub-recensions. Textual scholar

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The earliest translation to a regional Indo-Aryan language is the early 14th century

4919: 4794:

Books two to six are the oldest portion of the epic, while the first and last books (

4750: 4614: 4581: 4457: 4404: 4384: 4156: 4032: 3972: 3847: 3782: 3591: 3519: 3425: 3394: 3350: 3007: 2958: 2893: 2652: 2638: 2384: 2309: 2130: 2090: 2085: 2075: 1915: 1611: 1545: 1140: 877: 168: 12315: 10467: 9895:"Someone Plotted All The Villages Named 'Rampur' In India And Came Up With This Map" 8099:. Sahitya Akademi in collaboration with Union Academique Internationale, Bruxelles. 6580: 4939:

There has been discussion as to whether the first and the last volumes of Valmiki's

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has been performed every year by Mount Madonna School in Watsonville, California.

7242:, a contemporary interpretation in English, of the great epic based on the Valmiki 7167: 7072: 6978: 6897: 6845: 6670: 6537: 6530: 6464: 6415: 6375: 6365: 6317: 6290: 6282: 6059: 5983: 5832: 5824: 5772: 5734: 5726: 5653: 5498: 5324:, in the bottom left. Triṣira is beheaded by Hanumān, the vānara companion of Rāma. 5266:

forms the heart of Valmiki's Ramayana and consists of a detailed, vivid account of

5135: 5040: 5032: 4662: 4652: 4569: 4549: 4482: 4389: 4350: 4131: 3947: 3942: 3800: 3726: 3555: 3301: 3263: 3243: 3194: 3143: 3042: 2837: 2823: 2774: 2717: 2264: 1920: 1839: 1590: 1510: 1135: 561: 415: 312: 11964: 10607: 10047: 9334: 8409:

The Ramayana: A New Retelling of Valmiki's Ancient Epic—Complete and Comprehensive

7873: 7330: 7059:. Large casts were part of outdoor and indoor performances presented regularly at 5118:

In exile, Rāma, Sītā, and Lakṣmaṇa journey southward along the banks of the river

2679: 12462: 12065: 11902: 11631: 11616: 11440: 11271: 11222: 11085: 11035: 10794: 10789: 10779: 10769: 10725: 10602: 8983: 8803: 8710: 8555: 8222: 8208: 8188: 8168: 8092: 8004: 7880: 7807: 7803: 7783: 7728: 7715: 7554: 7322: 7247: 7044: 6974: 6953: 6922: 6885: 6796: 6498: 6460: 6456: 6398: 6286: 6251: 6182: 6103: 5948: 5688: 5672: 5645: 5494: 5472: 5341: 5337: 5228: 5221: 5197: 5112: 4564: 4559: 4472: 4432: 4230: 3998: 3882: 3804: 3764: 3507: 3430: 3378: 3187: 3091: 3035: 2972: 2788: 2689: 2585: 2334: 2314: 2185: 2060: 2040: 1960: 1651: 1637: 1535: 1515: 1478: 1070: 1065: 792: 671: 635: 580: 575: 402: 9181: 9164: 5526: 1199: 951: 652: 12260: 12248: 12170: 11530: 11355: 11320: 11136: 10262:

Re-figuring the Ramayana as Theology: A History of Reception in Premodern India

9690: 9446:"THE KEEPERS: CNN Introduces Guardians of Indonesia's Rich Cultural Traditions" 8181: 7742: 7653: 7258: 7198:, has published three different retellings and commentaries of Ramayana titled 7175: 7151: 7080: 7064: 7048: 7005: 6986: 6958: 6945: 6941: 6910: 6542: 6494: 6475: 6357: 6353: 6220: 6187: 6087: 5962: 5941: 5910: 5804: 5730: 5637: 5633: 5394: 4758: 4527: 4515: 4505: 4500: 4467: 4442: 4291:, the name of the main figure of the epic, has two contextual meanings. In the 3820: 3768: 3718: 3420: 3229: 3077: 2728: 2622: 2571: 2374: 2200: 2120: 2070: 2055: 2020: 1975: 1872: 1644: 1505: 1387: 1336: 1321: 1301: 1265: 1194: 976: 931: 882: 640: 265: 12339: 9720: 8669:"Episode 312 – Significance of the "Sri-Ranga Vimaana"!!! – The Indian Dharma" 8161: 7222: 1022: 802: 733: 248: 12532: 12496: 12474: 12303: 12096: 12090: 11944: 11867: 11428: 11172: 10990: 10847: 10498: 10421: 10172: 9200: 8758: 8589: 8551: 8201: 7907: 7778: 7643: 7526: 6918: 6658: 6603: 6455:, the Ramayana is a deeply ingrained aspect of the culture, especially among 6363:

There are several Indonesian adaptations of Ramayana, including the Javanese

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with a slant more grounded in a different realm of Hindu literature, that of

5657: 5625: 5250: 4903: 4599: 4462: 4437: 4379: 4061: 4012: 3977: 3967: 3957: 3952: 3937: 3816: 3786: 3632: 3084: 3049: 2986: 2932: 2925: 2886: 2879: 2816: 2809: 2802: 2795: 2767: 2711: 2329: 2274: 2254: 2244: 2224: 2195: 2105: 1895: 1890: 1880: 1829: 1751: 1665: 1498: 1447: 1346: 1281: 1120: 887: 341: 10154:"A study of social issues in the Ramayana in the context of subcommentaries" 2065: 1824: 1032: 1027: 12438: 12398: 12345: 12127: 11182: 11177: 11157: 11121: 11010: 10877: 10809: 10581: 9364:

Indonesia, Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia / National Library of.

8746: 7183: 7139: 7096: 7052: 6929: 6394: 6313: 6263: 6208: 6192: 6107: 5971: 5957: 5851: 5091: 4802: 4682: 3982: 3962: 3796: 3056: 2965: 2872: 2865: 2858: 2844: 2502: 2324: 2160: 2155: 2115: 2025: 2015: 1985: 1955: 1885: 1789: 1711: 1442: 1407: 1331: 1306: 1235: 1085: 936: 728: 723: 622: 609: 604: 11572: 11397: 9865:"BALLET PHILIPPINES' RAMA, HARI | Cultural Center of the Philippines" 6781: 6773: 6765: 6757: 6749: 6736: 6729: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6699: 6691: 6611: 6091: 4893: 4892:

is an epic poem containing over 24,000 couplet verses, divided into seven

4845: 4791:

consider Ramayana's oldest surviving version was composed around 500 BCE.

4765:(which rose to prominence in the 7th century BCE). The text also mentions 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4296: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4268: 3861: 3740: 3730: 3605: 1260: 12327: 12177: 12077: 11975: 11860: 11835: 11776: 11550: 11432: 11369: 11050: 11005: 10995: 10932: 10837: 10804: 10720: 7648: 7147: 7116: 7106: 6970: 6849: 6546: 6490: 6298: 5914: 5893: 5738: 5629: 5586: 5440: 5204:(middle). To the right, Rama fires his bow. To the left, Vali lies dying. 5131: 4932: 4783: 4731: 4303: 4292: 3987: 3919: 3647: 3127: 2851: 2744: 2674: 2487: 2441: 2402: 2304: 2145: 2135: 2000: 1864: 1854: 1723: 1718: 1621: 1520: 1412: 1402: 1372: 1341: 1250: 1017: 831: 754: 746: 548: 317: 10082: 9309:"Perbedaan Ramayana – Mahabarata dalam Kesusastraan Jawa Kuna dan India" 9208: 8751:

The arts of Islam : treasures from the Nasser D. Khalili collection

8096:

A Critical Inventory of Rāmāyaṇa Studies in the World: Foreign languages

7502:————————— (1996). 7483:————————— (1994). 6742: 12224: 12164: 12028: 11842: 11771: 11485: 11126: 10985: 10882: 10832: 10700: 10665: 9694: 8537:"Vanaras or Vana-Naras: A tail's travel from Treta Yuga to DwaparaYuga" 8481: 8479: 8477: 8475: 7760: 7056: 6848:

also known as Ramasetu was built by Lord Rama and vanaras to cross the

6635: 6485: 6440: 6294: 6204: 5906: 5780: 5551: 5502: 5431: 5427: 5419: 5364: 5333: 5123: 4422: 4136: 3678: 3173: 3134: 3098: 2979: 2918: 2525: 2517: 2428: 2205: 1980: 1930: 1784: 1774: 1540: 1488: 1417: 1326: 1255: 1245: 1240: 1012: 787: 764: 759: 488: 288: 156: 140: 11913: 5267: 12146: 12046: 11992: 11958: 11830: 11761: 11651: 11594: 11510: 11362: 11152: 11065: 11000: 10872: 10695: 10554: 10187: 7825: 7143: 7127: 7060: 7028: 6982: 6869: 6502: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6436: 6384: 6349: 6321: 6239: 5952: 5934: 5840: 5764: 5578: 5559: 5547: 5464: 5445: 5406: 5399: 5356: 5352: 5345: 5271: 5255: 4983: 4899: 4796: 4774: 4295:, it means 'dark, dark-coloured or black' and is related to the word 4211: 4166: 4115: 4095: 4052: 4042: 4037: 3694: 3283: 3215: 3152: 3070: 2902: 2473: 2433: 2364: 2210: 2175: 2125: 2095: 2030: 1950: 1849: 1819: 1799: 1483: 1427: 1392: 1377: 1296: 1291: 1273: 599: 513: 444: 383: 10093:

The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Vol. I, Bālakānda

8472: 5993: 1080: 12392: 12333: 12236: 12189: 12183: 12114: 12040: 11897: 11825: 11795: 11781: 11701: 11661: 11646: 11505: 11448: 11306: 11095: 11090: 11060: 11040: 10947: 10907: 10897: 10887: 10857: 10842: 10819: 10670: 10597: 8593: 8521: 7799: 6963: 6598: 6585: 6255: 6232: 6228: 5870: 5844: 5815: 5684: 5606: 5594: 5590: 5582: 5483: 5389: 5385: 5321: 5309: 5193: 5167: 5127: 5122:, where they build cottages and live off the land. One day, in the 5119: 5065: 4877: 4814: 4773:, rather than its later name of Saketa or the successor capital of 4161: 4070: 4047: 3866:, a utopian state where Rama is king) or of a functioning society. 3843: 3835: 3831: 3791: 3760: 3636: 3355: 2911: 2694: 2661: 2512: 2507: 2480: 2190: 2170: 2100: 2050: 1925: 1814: 1730: 1701: 1696: 1565: 1555: 1452: 1432: 1356: 1351: 1316: 986: 966: 926: 892: 872: 852: 738: 614: 349: 307: 302: 176: 87: 67: 8386:"Why the Uttara Kanda changes the way the Ramayana should be read" 5259:

Ravana is meeting Sita at Ashokavana. Hanuman is seen on the tree.

2418: 12285: 12279: 12254: 12230: 12218: 12212: 12206: 12053: 12016: 11847: 11820: 11681: 11656: 11636: 11604: 11599: 11589: 11515: 11495: 11490: 11480: 11475: 11386: 11334: 11075: 11070: 11015: 10970: 10952: 10942: 10892: 10867: 10852: 10764: 10759: 10715: 10680: 10675: 7699: 7485:

The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India: Kiskindhakanda

7403:

The Ramayana: A Shortened Modern Prose Version of the Indian Epic

7013: 6937: 6881: 6838: 6259: 6063: 5866: 5828: 5792: 5784: 5756: 5703: 5602: 5543: 5275: 5236: 5217: 5201: 5171: 5159: 5145: 4947: 4840: 4819: 4762: 4307:, is 'pleasing, pleasant, charming, lovely, beautiful'. The word 4216: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4171: 4146: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4090: 4022: 4007: 3928: 3905: 3773: 3682: 3666: 3641: 3617: 3288: 3278: 3028: 2949: 2941: 2758: 2684: 2669: 2466: 2165: 2110: 1844: 1794: 1764: 1759: 1631: 1606: 1493: 1125: 1004: 981: 956: 867: 857: 666: 630: 518: 503: 498: 434: 429: 393: 388: 375: 77: 12469: 10784: 10054:. Translated by Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. 8301: 7458:

This translation is noted for its fidelity to the original text.

7363:

Dutt provided a condensed version of the Ramayana in verse form.

6880:

depicts the episode from the Ramayana about the Monkey Kings of

6345: 5865:

an oral version of Ramayana prevailing among the Adiya tribe of

3324: 1170: 1165: 991: 53:

Rāma slaying Rāvaṇa, from a royal Mewar manuscript, 17th century

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This translation presents the Jain perspective on the Ramayana.

7302: 7091: 6914: 6817: 6468: 6243: 6076: 6072: 5918: 5836: 5814:, prevalent in some parts of India, relating the adventures of 5695: 5313: 5232: 5213: 5189: 5155: 5108: 5104: 5028: 5021: 5010: 4950:

are depicted shows that the Uttara Kanda is a later insertion.

4876:

presents the teachings of ancient Hindu sages in the narrative

4860: 4770: 4739: 4735: 4332: 4141: 4080: 4075: 4027: 4017: 3839: 3722: 3698: 3670: 3662: 3657: 3621: 3293: 3107: 2423: 2150: 2035: 1935: 1905: 1900: 1834: 1809: 1598: 1468: 1311: 1286: 1225: 1110: 1105: 1095: 1037: 961: 921: 916: 847: 772: 707: 692: 594: 538: 523: 469: 449: 362: 357: 194: 8354: 8093:

Krishnamoorthy, K.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Sahitya Akademi (1991).

5076:

Lakṣmaṇa also resolves to follow his brother into the forest.

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This article is about the Sanskrit epic. For other uses, see

7466:

The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India: Balakanda

12404: 12140: 12102: 11766: 11706: 11671: 11641: 11581: 11555: 11545: 11525: 11470: 10705: 10685: 10616: 9532: 9530: 9263:"The Kakawin Ramayana – an old Javanese rendering of the …" 9227: 9225: 7688: 7131: 7088: 7076: 7036: 7032: 6990: 6889: 6873: 6420: 6200: 6196: 6174: 5820: 5598: 5555: 5468: 5423: 5415: 5372: 5239:

the elder brother of Jatāyu, that Sītā was taken to Lankā.

5036: 4206: 4201: 4151: 3710: 3690: 3652: 3582: 3576: 1779: 1560: 1530: 1473: 1220: 1207: 1100: 702: 543: 533: 508: 474: 424: 406: 9520:

Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

9504:

Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

6266:. Jaini traces the origin of this list of brothers to the 5783:

in the 19th century; and in the 20th century, Rashtrakavi

4726: 10116:

The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: The Complete English Translation

10114:

Goldman, Robert P.; Sutherland Goldman, Sally J. (2022).

10113: 8733: 8295: 7346:

The Ramayana and Mahabharata Condensed into English Verse

7126:

has also been depicted in many paintings, notably by the

5843:

as well as her conquest of Ravana's older brother in the

5312:. It depicts the vānara army of Rāma (top left) fighting 4788: 3573: 9607: 9595: 9583: 9527: 9222: 9114:

Shattan, Merchant-Prince (1989). Daniélou, Alain (ed.).

8253: 6513:

The Malay adaptation of the Ramayana, also known as the

5698:; it is an acknowledged masterpiece, popularly known as 5070:

Rāma to be exiled into the wilderness for fourteen years

8434:"6th-century Ramayana found in Kolkata, stuns scholars" 7965: 5877: 647: 184: 6755:

by Nagoji Bhatta or Ramavarma. The three commentaries

6304:

The Jain versions have some variations from Valmiki's

6211:(hagiography of 63 illustrious persons), Sanghadasa's 3713:

to be crowned king amidst jubilation and celebration.

3705:, that resulted in war; and Rama's eventual return to 12422: 9571: 9366:"Panataran Temple (East Java) – Temples of Indonesia" 9290: 9288: 8574:"Reflections on 'Rāma-Setu' in South Asian Tradition" 8349: 8347: 8126: 7083:, where scenes from Ramayana are an integral part of 7055:

style, routinely performed in the cultural center of

6985:. These include the stone panel at Nagarjunakonda in 6616:, 'glory of Ram') is derived from the Hindu epic. In 5058:

Rama leaving for fourteen years of exile from Ayodhya

3579: 9189:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

6904:

has had a profound impact on art and culture in the

6517:, incorporates elements of both Hindu mythology and 6435:

scenes are carved on balustrades of the 9th century

5854:

have their own version of the Ramayana known as the

5827:

is a version that is obscure but also attributed to

4880:, interspersing philosophical and ethical elements. 3558: 8802:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (1 January 2006). 6419:was further developed on the neighboring island of 6397:circa 870 AD during the reign of Mpu Sindok in the 3567: 3564: 10229: 9788:"On Java, a Creative Explosion in an Ancient City" 9769: 9767: 9424:. University of Rochester Press. pp. 92–101. 9285: 9182:"Some Old Tales and Episodes in the Vasudevahiṇḍi" 8982: 8344: 7982: 7980: 7343: 6892:depicted as a crowned figure with a bow and arrow. 6645: 6639: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6075:in this version, or the Rama-Ravana war. However, 5111:as he carries off the kidnapped Sītā. Painting by 5072:, while the succession passes to her son Bharata. 10528:. The Crossroad Publishing Co. pp. 106–126. 9671: 8504:: Changing thematic Idioms in Sanskrit and Tamil" 7556:Rāma the Steadfast: An Early Form of the Rāmāyaṇa 7531:The Rāmāyaṇa by Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India 6969:Ramayanic scenes have also been depicted through 6940:poet Narahari's Torave Ramayana and 15th century 12494: 10524:. In Krishna Sivaraman; Bithika Mukerji (eds.). 10329:Bhatti's Poem: The Death of Rávana (Bhaṭṭikāvya) 9045:. Madras, British India: Oxford University Press 8431: 6622:, Sita is the daughter of Ravana and Mandodari ( 6289:. On the other hand, Lakshmana and Ravana go to 5565:As in many oral epics, multiple versions of the 5174:, who directs them towards Sugriva and Hanuman. 4777:. In terms of narrative time, the action of the 10522:"The Ideal of Perfect Life : The Ramayana" 10281:A Socio-political Study of the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa 9764: 9481:. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. p. 142. 9166:Seerkazhi Arunachala Kavirayar and Rama Natakam 7977: 7949:The Bhakti Movement: Renaissance Or Revivalism? 7573:This translation provides an early form of the 7020:and in many places across the globe within the 9397:World Dance Cultures: From Ritual to Spectacle 8949: 8715:. Self-Realization Fellowship. 1971. pp. 7553:Brockington, J. L.; Brockington, Mary (2006). 7257:Starting in 1978 and under the supervision of 6841:actor wears the traditional attire of Ravanan. 5831:– intended as a supplementary to the original 5751:) by 16th century poet Balarama Dasa, both in 131: 11929: 11413: 10632: 10481:Cultural History of Reading: World literature 10030:The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature 8534: 8432:Mukherjee Pandey, Jhimli (18 December 2015). 8023:The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa 8019: 6787:(i.e. commentary trio) and are more popular. 6653:While the main story is identical to that of 6484:describe the burning of Lanka by Hanuman. In 5398:, Sītā was under the protection of Agni (see 4702: 4248: 3527: 10505:. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press. 10227: 9116:Manimekhalai: The Dancer With the Magic Bowl 8666: 8462: 8211:, Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology 8191:, Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology 8171:, Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology 7886:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 6896:One of the most important literary works of 4902:, Ayodhyakāṇḍa, Araṇyakāṇḍa, Kiṣkindakāṇḍa, 11427: 9989: 9162: 9089:Aiyangar, Rao Bahadur Krishnaswami (1927). 8980: 8578:The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society 8406: 8227:. Penguin Random House India. p. xiv. 7986: 6022:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5617:There are diverse regional versions of the 5043:and the marriage party returns to Ayodhyā. 5027:The party then decide to go to attend king 4730:Rama (left third from top) depicted in the 11936: 11922: 11420: 11406: 10639: 10625: 10161:International Journal of Sanskrit Research 10008: 9024:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8729: 8330:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 103. 8026:. Asian Educational Services. p. 74. 7900:"Ramayana | Meaning of Ramayana by Lexico" 6079:appears in other Buddhist literature, the 4809: 4709: 4695: 4255: 4241: 3534: 3520: 47: 10526:Hindu spirituality: Vedas through Vedanta 10250: 10132: 10068: 9613: 9601: 9589: 9577: 9548: 9536: 9419: 9231: 9038: 8926:"Varied Narratives Of The Many Ramayanas" 8923: 8801: 8571: 8497: 8002: 7281: 6162:Learn how and when to remove this message 6042:Learn how and when to remove this message 5642:Ramayana story appear in Tamil literature 10503:The Ramayana Tradition in Southeast Asia 10208: 10135:Historical Dictionary of the Philippines 9816: 9306: 9088: 9010:Kalakam, Turaicămip Pillai, ed. (1950). 8638:"Book VI : Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 118" 8608:"Book VI : Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 115" 8508:Tofha-e-Dil: Festschrift Helmut Nespital 8058: 7250:, wife of the playwright Gopal Sharman. 7221: 6863: 6832: 6579: 6344: 6336: 6125:This section includes a list of general 5537: 5525: 5463: 5299: 5254: 5235:and Hanumān learns from a vulture named 5183: 5099: 5052: 4987: 4813: 4725: 11943: 10332:. New York: New York University Press, 10253:The Collected Essays of A. K. Ramanujan 10089: 10052:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia 9954: 9862: 9785: 9629:. news.berkeley.edu. 17 November 2016. 9478:A History of Classical Malay Literature 9113: 9063: 9009: 8485: 8307: 8283: 8271: 8259: 7971: 7577:, emphasizing its foundational aspects. 7454:. Madras: Vighneswara Publishing House. 7327:. Trübner – via Sacred-texts.org. 7293:Electronic version of the Sanskrit text 6936:by poet Gona Budda Reddy, 14th century 6675:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 6341:Balinese dance Legong in Ubud, Ramayana 4864:. The genre also includes teachings on 4789:Goldman & Sutherland Goldman (2022) 3735:(chapters). It belongs to the genre of 3677:to the forest urged by his father King 2411:Sources and classification of scripture 14: 12495: 10278: 10046: 10027: 9747:"Celebrate Diwali – Deborah Heiligman" 9422:The Kecak and Cultural Tourism on Bali 9394: 9345:from the original on 29 September 2020 9294: 9128: 9092:Manimekhalai In Its Historical Setting 8981:Hart, George L; Heifetz, Hank (1999). 8745: 8693: 8685: 8648:from the original on 12 September 2021 8383: 8365:from the original on 13 September 2020 8220: 7942: 7767:(c. 15th century) and Balarama Dasa's 7170:adaptations of the epic exist, namely 6352:, Rama and Sita during their exile in 5869:, Sita is an Adiya woman hailing from 5706:poet Premanand wrote a version of the 3681:, on the request of Rama's stepmother 11917: 11401: 10620: 10255:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 10182:from the original on 29 October 2020. 10151: 10011:The Penguin Companion to the Ramayana 9923: 9863:Philippines, Cultural Center of the. 9677: 9659:from the original on 12 December 2016 9567:from the original on 17 October 2015. 9376:from the original on 15 December 2017 9363: 9315:from the original on 13 December 2017 9273:from the original on 13 December 2017 9129:Hooper, John Stirling Morley (1929). 8853:from the original on 17 November 2021 8840: 8783:from the original on 13 November 2022 8734:Goldman & Sutherland Goldman 2022 8444:from the original on 19 December 2015 8407:Egenes, Linda; Reddy, Kumuda (2016). 8323: 8296:Goldman & Sutherland Goldman 2022 7951:. Taylor & Francis. p. 107. 7504:The Ramayana of Valmiki: Sundarakanda 7371:"Book VII - Jain Ramayana (Rāmāyaṇa)" 7161: 6246:are the eighth Baldeva, Vasudeva and 5940:The entire Ramayana was written as a 5422:and wanted to give him a great gift. 1033:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 1028:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 10612:University of Michigan Museum of Art 9967:from the original on 1 February 2023 9957:"Why do we say Ram Ram as greeting?" 9786:Frazier, Donald (11 February 2016). 9727:from the original on 3 December 2022 9633:from the original on 9 February 2017 9474: 9179: 8924:Tharuvana, Azeez (23 October 2023). 8822:from the original on 20 October 2022 8040:from the original on 1 February 2023 7698:) and Narahari's Torave Ramayana in 6559:University of the Philippines Manila 6393:is believed to have been written in 6111: 6020:adding citations to reliable sources 5987: 5878:Early references in Tamil literature 5775:by Sridhara in the 18th century; in 5489:This kanda narrates Rama's reign of 3830:was an important influence on later 3685:; his travels across forests in the 3635:, one of the two important epics of 10410:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 10259: 10186: 9773: 9169:. Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi. 9135:. Calcutta: Oxford University Press 9039:Dikshitar, V R Ramachandra (1939). 8618:from the original on 29 August 2021 8311: 7352:Reprint: Dover Publications. 2012. 6664: 6191:(circa 4th century CE), Ravisena's 5977: 24: 10739: 10401:Murthy, S. S. N. (November 2003). 10299: 9875:from the original on 6 August 2020 9798:from the original on 11 April 2021 9701:from the original on 8 August 2022 9655:. dailycal.org. 21 November 2016. 8384:Sattar, Arshia (29 October 2016). 7375:Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra 7071:were also performed frequently in 6828: 6679:University of California, Berkeley 6557:Francisco, an indologist from the 6327: 6131:it lacks sufficient corresponding 5909:(dated 300 BC), the twin epics of 5769:Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan 5434:as a gift. Rama's rule itself was 5177: 4361: 3745:), interspersed with teachings on 25: 12549: 10544: 10470:on 14 September 2011 – via 10382:Keshavadas, Sadguru Sant (1988). 10232:Valmiki Ramayana: Critical Essays 9936:from the original on 3 April 2023 9905:from the original on 29 June 2022 9844:from the original on 25 June 2022 9218:from the original on 1 June 2021. 8962:from the original on 22 July 2019 8324:Rosen, Steven (30 October 2006). 8241:from the original on 3 April 2023 8221:Debroy, Bibek (25 October 2017). 7432:. University of California Press. 6989:depicting Bharata's meeting with 6596:Thailand's popular national epic 6443:, as well as in the 14th century 6301:(omniscient teacher) of Jainism. 5448:is connected with Rāma's return. 3616:, as traditionally attributed to 12480: 12468: 12456: 12444: 12432: 11571: 10586: 10050:(1968). Vella, Walter F. (ed.). 9335:"Prambanan – Taman Wisata Candi" 8127:Bulcke, C.; Prasāda, D. (2010). 8009:(in Sanskrit). Pandurang Jawali. 7945:"Secular Reading of the Puranas" 7434:35th Anniversary Edition. 2012. 7272: 7063:Trimurti temple for many years. 6852:for rescuing Sita from Ravana's 6116: 6097: 6090:, and Sita as previous birth of 5992: 5947:again in the 18th century CE by 5644:as early as 3rd century CE. The 5242: 5046: 5016:When Rāma was 16 years old, the 4753:(1984), the oldest parts of the 4676: 3889: 3651:. The epic narrates the life of 3554: 3501: 183: 147: 125: 10608:Collection: Art of the Ramayana 10439:The Spiritual Heritage of India 10307:Bhattacharji, Sukumari (1998). 10009:Cakrabartī, Bishṇupada (2006). 9948: 9917: 9887: 9856: 9826: 9779: 9739: 9713: 9683: 9645: 9619: 9542: 9511: 9495: 9468: 9438: 9413: 9388: 9357: 9327: 9300: 9255: 9237: 9173: 9156: 9147: 9122: 9107: 9082: 9070:. Madras: Saiva Siddhanta Works 9064:Pandian, Pichai Pillai (1931). 9057: 9032: 9003: 8974: 8950:Dakshinamurthy, A (July 2015). 8943: 8917: 8891: 8865: 8834: 8795: 8765: 8739: 8703: 8660: 8630: 8600: 8565: 8528: 8491: 8425: 8400: 8377: 8317: 8289: 8214: 8194: 8174: 8154: 8133:. Vani Prakashan. p. 116. 8120: 8086: 8062:Living Thoughts of the Ramayana 7634: 6684: 6584:The Thai retelling of the tale— 6054:In the Buddhist variant of the 5917:(cantos 5, 17 and 18), and the 5759:by 16th-century poet Narahari; 5451: 5293: 5083: 4818:An artist's impression of sage 4313:means travel or journey. Thus, 3759:in Indian languages, including 10133:Guillermo, Artemio R. (2011). 10118:. Princeton University Press. 10099:. Princeton University Press. 10032:. Cambridge University Press. 9982: 9955:sanskar, hindu (23 May 2020). 9869:BALLET PHILIPPINES' RAMA, HARI 9307:Ardianty, Dini (8 June 2015). 8667:Dr. Jeayaram (18 March 2018). 8052: 8013: 7996: 7936: 7922: 7892: 7867: 7506:. Princeton University Press. 7487:. Princeton University Press. 7468:. Princeton University Press. 6952:, as well as the 16th century 6823: 6524: 6185:like Saṅghadāsagaṇī Vāchaka's 4966:List of characters in Ramayana 4888:In its extant form, Valmiki's 271:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 97:7th century BCE–3rd century CE 13: 1: 10574:A condensed verse translation 10436:Prabhavananda, Swami (1979). 10367:. Aryan Books International. 9180:Jain, Jagdishchandra (1979). 8989:. Columbia University Press. 8952:"Akananuru: Neytal – Poem 70" 8510:. Reinbeck. pp. 783–97. 8224:The Valmiki Ramayana Volume 1 7904:Lexico Dictionaries | English 7846: 7829: 7810:(which is an eastern form of 7719: 7692: 7674: 7657: 7622: 7387:Shastri, Hari Prasad (1952). 7342:Dutt, Romesh Chunder (1898). 7188:Asura: Tale of the Vanquished 6219:by Gunabhadara. According to 6209:Trisastisalakapurusa charitra 5797:Srimadramayana Kalpavrukshamu 5126:forest they are visited by a 4975: 4959: 4909: 4844:, narratives of past events ( 3739:, narratives of past events ( 3332:Other society-related topics: 1023:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 10646: 10499:Sachithanantham, Singaravelu 10236:. Manipal University Press. 10228:Parameswaran, M. R. (2014). 8841:Mehta, Mona (10 July 2011). 8572:Rajarajan, R. K. K. (2014). 8535:Vijayashree, B.; Geetha, C. 8498:Rajarajan, R. K. K. (2001). 7861: 7777:) (c. 16th century) both in 6790: 6505:Hindu temple as a backdrop. 6332: 6297:, Ravana will be the future 6199:, Padmaja being the name of 6181:can be found in the various 5955:. The Ramayana was named as 5905:(dated 1st century BCE) and 5884:Ramayana in Tamil literature 5569:survive. In particular, the 5031:sacrifice in the kingdom of 4883: 4850:), which includes the epics 4319:means "Rama's journey" with 3869: 3767:adaptations. There are also 3697:; the kidnapping of Sita by 3443:Hinduism and other religions 2240:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 7: 12364:The Tale of Igor's Campaign 10603:Absolute dating of Ramayana 10596:public domain audiobook at 10520:Sundararajan, K.R. (1989). 10279:Sharma, Ramashraya (1986). 10090:Goldman, Robert P. (1984). 9990:Brockington, J. L. (1998). 9549:Francisco, Juan R. (1969). 9163:Rajagopalan, K. R. (1978). 9118:. New York: New Directions. 8506:. In Lonne, Dirk W. (ed.). 8438:timesofindia.indiatimes.com 7841:'s Vijay Nāyak Rāmāyana in 7610: 7464:Goldman, Robert P. (1990). 7049:Javanese traditional ballet 6807: 6782: 6774: 6766: 6758: 6750: 6743: 6737: 6730: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6700: 6692: 6646: 6640: 6630: 6624: 6618: 6612: 6588:—is popularly expressed in 6575: 6508: 5913:(dated 2nd century CE) and 5810:There is a sub-plot to the 5515: 5196:depicts the combat between 4970: 4894: 4846: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4297: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 3862: 3741: 3731: 3729:metre), divided into seven 3606: 3188:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 3160:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 888:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 832:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 827:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 10: 12554: 10209:Mankekar, Purnima (1999). 8130:Rāmakathā and Other Essays 8065:. Jaico Publishing House. 7369:Johnson, Helen M. (1931). 6800: 6794: 6590:traditional regional dance 6528: 6101: 6062:), Dasharatha was king of 5981: 5881: 5519: 5457: 5380:varies in the versions of 5248: 5089: 4995:National Museum, New Delhi 4981: 4963: 4744:Victoria and Albert Museum 4273:is composed of two words, 4124:Personalities of the Epics 3823:versions of the Ramayana. 3624:text (also described as a 3064:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1744:Gurus, sants, philosophers 1680:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 868:Uparati (self-settledness) 29: 12385: 12199: 12009: 11951: 11893: 11804: 11722: 11580: 11569: 11439: 11379: 11191: 11145: 11104: 11024: 10961: 10818: 10750: 10737: 10656: 10251:Ramanujan, A. K. (2004). 10213:. Duke University Press. 9926:"Why Hindus say Ram Ram?" 9834:"Ramayana! – The Musical" 9245:"Ramayana Kakawin Vol. 1" 8712:Self-realization Magazine 8249:– via Google Books. 7295:, input by Muneo Tokunaga 7238:plays is Gopal Sharman's 7194:. Another Indian author, 7186:and a mythopoetic novel, 6859: 6812: 6607: 5624:During the 12th century, 5430:(Sri Ranganathaswamy) to 5306:Battle at Lanka, Ramayana 4721: 3851: 3595: 2230:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 883:Samadhana (concentration) 747:Three paths to liberation 254:Tribal religions in India 239:Historical Vedic religion 234:Indus Valley Civilisation 146: 132: 124: 117: 109: 101: 93: 83: 73: 63: 58: 46: 41: 32:Ramayana (disambiguation) 11877:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 10403:"A note on the Ramayana" 10363:Jain, Meenakshi (2013). 10028:Claeys, Gregory (2010). 9924:admin (3 January 2022). 9475:Fang, Liaw Yock (2013). 9399:. Taylor & Francis. 9095:. London: Luzac & Co 8805:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 8200:Monier Monier Williams, 8180:Monier Monier Williams, 8160:Monier Monier Williams, 7818:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan 7627: 7587:. Vol. 1. Penguin. 7452:Srimad Valmiki Ramayanam 7450:Raghunathan, N. (1981). 7217: 7016:, take place all across 6471:and traditional dances. 5801:Viswanatha Satyanarayana 5771:in the 16th century; in 5612: 5522:Versions of the Ramayana 5367:on the throne of Lanka. 4838:belongs to the genre of 4829: 1059:, sacrifice, and charity 10567:The Ramayana of Valmiki 10386:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10326:Fallon, Oliver (2009). 10283:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10152:Kumar, Sanjeev (2020). 8808:. Infobase Publishing. 7879:4 November 2015 at the 7401:Narayan, R. K. (1973). 7389:The Ramayana of Valmiki 6888:; The Killing of Vali. 6146:more precise citations. 5755:; a Torave Ramayana in 5721:Other versions include 5212:is set in the place of 4866:the goals of human life 4810:Textual characteristics 3747:the goals of human life 3675:his fourteen-year exile 3237:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 2450:Timeline of Hindu texts 2355:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 1383:Pumsavana Simantonayana 1038:Śabda (word, testimony) 276:Epic-Puranic chronology 244:Dravidian folk religion 12518:Epic poems in Sanskrit 11349:Sri Ramayana Darshanam 11314:Ramayana Kalpavruksham 10744: 10416:(6). New Delhi: 1–18. 9691:"English Commentaries" 9523:. 1898. pp. 143–. 9507:. 1898. pp. 107–. 9420:Stepputat, K. (2021). 9395:Beaman, P. L. (2017). 9067:Cattanar's Manimekalai 8411:. Penguin. p. 2. 8020:Mukherjee, P. (1981). 7943:Pillai, P. G. (2023). 7930:The Rámáyan of Válmíki 7583:Debroy, Bibek (2017). 7324:The Ramayan of Valmiki 7282:Texts and translations 7234:One of the best known 7231: 7230:fire dance, Bali, 2018 7073:Balinese Hindu temples 6893: 6842: 6593: 6541:, an epic poem of the 6423:becoming the Balinese 6360: 6342: 6274:(3d–4th century BCE). 6195:(story of Padmaja and 5789:Sri Ramayana Darshanam 5562: 5535: 5479: 5444:, and the festival of 5325: 5260: 5205: 5115: 5060: 4997: 4957: 4826: 4746: 4366: 3645:, the other being the 3202:Eighteen Greater Texts 2831:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 2260:Krishnananda Saraswati 1499:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 1013:Pratyakṣa (perception) 873:Titiksha (forbearance) 11328:Ranganatha Ramayanamu 10743: 10334:Clay Sanskrit Library 10264:. London: Routledge. 10260:Rao, Ajay K. (2014). 9901:. 24 September 2020. 8642:sanskritdocuments.org 8612:sanskritdocuments.org 7806:(c. 16th century) in 7793:(c. 16th century) in 7617:Rāmakṛṣṇavilomakāvyaṃ 7405:. Chatto and Windus. 7319:Griffith, Ralph T. H. 7225: 7065:Balinese dance dramas 6921:of the 12th century, 6867: 6836: 6801:Further information: 6583: 6427:. The bas-reliefs of 6387:or "clown servants". 6348: 6340: 5737:by 15th century poet 5733:in the 15th century; 5710:in the 17th century. 5660:in the 15th century. 5632:, known popularly as 5550:Trimurti temple near 5541: 5529: 5467: 5303: 5258: 5187: 5103: 5056: 4991: 4952: 4817: 4734:, the ten avatars of 4729: 4365: 3665:, who is a prince of 3318:Varna-related topics: 3209:Eighteen Lesser Texts 2782:Devi Bhagavata Purana 1673:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 1659:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1591:Philosophical schools 893:Ahamkara (attachment) 853:Vairagya (dispassion) 781:Mokṣa-related topics: 105:500 Sargas, 7 Kandas 27:Ancient Sanskrit epic 12513:6th-century BC poems 12508:7th-century BC poems 12249:La Chanson de Roland 11230:Bhanubhakta Ramayana 10384:Ramayana at a Glance 10311:. Orient Blackswan. 9838:Mount Madonna School 9751:deborahheiligman.com 9723:. Kasarabada Trust. 9450:www.indonesia.travel 8488:, Vol. I: Bālakāṇḍa. 8207:19 June 2021 at the 7733:Saptakhanda Ramayana 7711:Ranganatha Ramayanam 7640:Retellings include: 7585:The Valmiki Ramayana 7136:Ida Bagus Made Togog 7087:dance performances. 6934:Ranganatha Ramayanam 6878:Ida Bagus Made Togog 6868:The painting by the 6561:, believed that the 6373:. The first half of 6277:In the Jain epic of 6270:(lives of jinas) by 6016:improve this section 5961:and was composed in 5949:Arunachala Kavirayar 5700:Tulsi-krita Ramayana 5687:in 1576, an epic in 5681:Sri Ramacharit Manas 5650:Ranganatha Ramayanam 5640:, but references to 5336:. The vānaras named 4620:World Heritage Sites 3450:Hinduism and Jainism 2380:Vethathiri Maharishi 2285:Nisargadatta Maharaj 848:Viveka (discernment) 223:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 12292:The Siege of Sziget 12035:Book of Dede Korkut 11945:National epic poems 11342:Saptakanda Ramayana 11300:Raghunatha Ramayana 11279:Krittivasi Ramayana 11258:Jagamohana Ramayana 10903:Narantaka-Devantaka 10578:Romesh Chunder Dutt 10137:. Scarecrow Press. 9456:on 13 December 2017 9132:Hymns of the Alvars 8777:Khalili Collections 8673:theindiandharma.org 8596:on 6 November 2018. 7910:on 19 February 2020 7850: 19th century 7833: 17th century 7773:(also known as the 7770:Jagamohana Ramayana 7723: 13th century 7696: 13th century 7150:. Malaysian artist 7045:Sendratari Ramayana 6906:Indian subcontinent 6235:and prativasudeva. 5744:Jagamohana Ramayana 5665:Saptakanda Ramayana 5418:was so thankful to 5192:at Banteay Srei in 4924:Romesh Chunder Dutt 4648:Ministry of Tourism 4643:Ministry of Culture 4417:Arts and literature 3877:Part of a series on 3721:(mostly set in the 3687:Indian subcontinent 3673:. The epic follows 3661:of the Hindu deity 3508:Hinduism portal 3387:Hinduism by country 3223:Iraiyanar Akapporul 3167:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 2250:Dayananda Saraswati 2235:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 2141:Sripada Srivallabha 2081:Raghunatha Siromani 2046:Narasimha Saraswati 1946:Santadas Kathiababa 1018:Anumāṇa (inference) 11209:Adhyathmaramayanam 10745: 10071:Philippine Studies 9992:The Sanskrit Epics 9792:The New York Times 9551:"Maharadia Lawana" 9042:The Silappadikaram 8359:valmikiramayan.net 8355:"Valmiki Ramayana" 8327:Essential Hinduism 8310:, pp. 14–18; 8187:8 May 2021 at the 8167:8 May 2021 at the 8003:Bhojarāja (1924). 7822:Adhyathmaramayanam 7747:Krittivasi Ramayan 7685:Kumudendu Ramayana 7683:Kumudendu Muni' s 7232: 7172:Ram Chandra Series 7162:In popular culture 7004:became popular in 6997:(3rd century CE). 6950:Krittivasi Ramayan 6894: 6843: 6727:, Mahadeva Yogi's 6594: 6361: 6343: 6272:Acharya Bhadrabahu 5761:Adhyathmaramayanam 5723:Krittivasi Ramayan 5563: 5536: 5530:The epic story of 5480: 5412:Rāma pattabhisheka 5326: 5316:the demon-king of 5261: 5206: 5116: 5096:Exile of Lord Rama 5061: 4998: 4827: 4769:as the capital of 4757:date to the early 4747: 4367: 3669:in the kingdom of 3402:Caribbean Shaktism 3121:Kanakadhara Stotra 2370:U. G. Krishnamurti 2350:Satyadhyana Tirtha 1941:Gangesha Upadhyaya 1599:Six Astika schools 843:Ānanda (happiness) 822:Anātman (non-self) 157:English Wikisource 12420: 12419: 12376:Cantar de mio Cid 12159:Epic of Gilgamesh 12135:Hikayat Seri Rama 12121:Hikayat Hang Tuah 12109:Phra Lak Phra Lam 11911: 11910: 11395: 11394: 11293:Phra Lak Phra Ram 11251:Hikayat Seri Rama 11216:Adhyatma Ramayana 10580:sponsored by the 10560:Project Gutenberg 10535:978-0-8245-0755-8 10512:978-983-100-234-6 10490:978-0-313-33744-4 10472:Project Gutenberg 10458:Rabb, Kate Milner 10449:978-0-87481-035-6 10442:. Vedanta Press. 10431:on 8 August 2012. 10393:978-81-208-0545-3 10374:978-81-7305-451-8 10343:978-0-8147-2778-2 10318:978-81-250-1438-6 10290:978-81-208-0078-6 10271:978-1-134-07735-9 10243:978-93-82460-18-3 10220:978-0-8223-2390-7 10201:978-81-7305-345-0 10144:978-0-8108-7511-1 10125:978-0-691-20686-8 10061:978-0-8248-0368-1 10039:978-1-139-82842-0 10020:978-0-14-310046-1 10013:. Penguin Books. 9339:borobudurpark.com 9311:(in Indonesian). 8905:. 18 January 2024 8879:. 18 January 2024 8544:Mukt Shab Journal 8463:Parameswaran 2014 8418:978-0-14-311180-1 8396:on 16 April 2021. 8337:978-0-313-07155-3 8059:Sukhdeva (2002). 7958:978-1-000-78039-0 7839:Raghuveer Narayan 7757:(c. 15th century) 7751:Shri Ram Panchali 7739:(c. 14th century) 7702:(c. 16th-century) 7594:978-93-87326-26-2 7540:978-0-14-029866-6 7513:978-0-691-06662-2 7494:978-0-691-06661-5 7475:978-0-691-01485-2 7440:978-0-520-27298-9 7412:978-0-7011-1990-4 7358:978-0-486-14352-1 7331:Project Gutenberg 7208:Hanuman's Ramayan 7196:Devdutt Pattanaik 7192:Anand Neelakantan 7166:Multiple modern, 7110:) also draw from 6803:Symbolism of Rama 6705:), Govindaraja's 6551:Juan R. Francisco 6519:Islamic mythology 6515:Hikayat Seri Rama 6227:has nine sets of 6172: 6171: 6164: 6081:Lankavatara Sutra 6052: 6051: 6044: 5927:Thirumangai Alvar 5923:Kulasekhara Alvar 5899:Sangam literature 5716:Hamida Banu Begum 5652:, was written by 4926:writes that "the 4920:Robert P. Goldman 4751:Robert P. Goldman 4719: 4718: 4265: 4264: 3973:Markandeya Purana 3860: 3610:), also known as 3604: 3544: 3543: 3395:Balinese Hinduism 2894:Markandeya Purana 2131:Satyanatha Tirtha 2086:Raghuttama Tirtha 2076:Raghavendra Swami 1916:Ramdas Kathiababa 997:Sources of dharma 863:Dama (temperance) 858:Sama (equanimity) 224: 162: 161: 16:(Redirected from 12545: 12485: 12484: 12483: 12473: 12472: 12461: 12460: 12459: 12449: 12448: 12447: 12437: 12436: 12435: 12428: 11938: 11931: 11924: 11915: 11914: 11575: 11422: 11415: 11408: 11399: 11398: 11286:Maharadia Lawana 11265:Kakawin Ramayana 11244:Bilanka Ramayana 11202:Adbhuta Ramayana 10658:Ikshvaku dynasty 10641: 10634: 10627: 10618: 10617: 10590: 10589: 10562: 10539: 10516: 10494: 10475: 10466:. Archived from 10453: 10432: 10430: 10424:. Archived from 10407: 10397: 10378: 10365:Rama and Ayodhya 10359: 10357: 10355: 10350:on 16 March 2021 10346:. Archived from 10322: 10294: 10275: 10256: 10247: 10235: 10224: 10205: 10183: 10181: 10158: 10148: 10129: 10110: 10098: 10086: 10065: 10043: 10024: 10005: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9952: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9921: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9891: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9830: 9824: 9814: 9808: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9783: 9777: 9771: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9757: 9743: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9717: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9687: 9681: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9664: 9649: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9623: 9617: 9611: 9605: 9599: 9593: 9587: 9581: 9575: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9555: 9546: 9540: 9534: 9525: 9524: 9515: 9509: 9508: 9499: 9493: 9492: 9472: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9461: 9452:. Archived from 9442: 9436: 9435: 9417: 9411: 9410: 9392: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9370:candi.pnri.go.id 9361: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9331: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9304: 9298: 9292: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9195:(1/4): 167–173. 9186: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9160: 9154: 9151: 9145: 9144: 9142: 9140: 9126: 9120: 9119: 9111: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9086: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9061: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9036: 9030: 9029: 9023: 9015: 9007: 9001: 9000: 8988: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8869: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8858: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8799: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8769: 8763: 8762: 8743: 8737: 8727: 8721: 8720: 8707: 8701: 8683: 8677: 8676: 8664: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8653: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8592:. Archived from 8569: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8554:. Archived from 8541: 8532: 8526: 8525: 8520:. Archived from 8495: 8489: 8483: 8470: 8460: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8429: 8423: 8422: 8404: 8398: 8397: 8392:. Archived from 8381: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8351: 8342: 8341: 8321: 8315: 8305: 8299: 8293: 8287: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8263: 8262:, p. 20–22. 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8218: 8212: 8198: 8192: 8178: 8172: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8124: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8056: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8000: 7994: 7987:Brockington 1998 7984: 7975: 7974:, p. 20–23. 7969: 7963: 7962: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7906:. Archived from 7896: 7890: 7871: 7855: 7851: 7848: 7834: 7831: 7824:(Kilippattu) in 7791:Bhavarth Ramayan 7765:Vilanka Ramayana 7724: 7721: 7706:Gona Budda Reddy 7697: 7694: 7679: 7676: 7662: 7659: 7638: 7598: 7570: 7544: 7517: 7498: 7479: 7455: 7433: 7416: 7392: 7378: 7351: 7349: 7328: 7168:English-language 6975:stone sculptures 6785: 6777: 6769: 6761: 6753: 6746: 6740: 6733: 6725: 6719:), Sivasahaya's 6718: 6711: 6703: 6695: 6671:critical edition 6665:Critical edition 6649: 6643: 6633: 6627: 6621: 6615: 6609: 6538:Maharadia Lawana 6531:Maharadia Lawana 6416:Kakawin Ramayana 6403:Kakawin Ramayana 6391:Kakawin Ramayana 6376:Kakawin Ramayana 6366:Kakawin Ramayana 6177:versions of the 6167: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6147: 6142:this section by 6133:inline citations 6120: 6119: 6112: 6060:Dasaratha Jataka 6047: 6040: 6036: 6033: 6027: 5996: 5988: 5984:Dasaratha Jataka 5978:Buddhist version 5833:Valmiki Ramayana 5825:Adbhuta Ramayana 5805:Jnanapeeth award 5735:Vilanka Ramayana 5654:Gona Budda Reddy 5361:Mount Sanjeevani 5359:. Upon reaching 5210:Kishkindha Kanda 5170:and the ascetic 4897: 4849: 4738:. Painting from 4711: 4704: 4697: 4683:India portal 4681: 4680: 4679: 4663:Incredible India 4533:Physical culture 4364: 4338: 4337: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4300: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4257: 4250: 4243: 4132:Samudra Manthana 3948:Bhagavata Purana 3943:Brahmanda Purana 3893: 3874: 3873: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3754:versions of the 3744: 3734: 3613:Valmiki Ramayana 3609: 3599: 3597: 3589: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3536: 3529: 3522: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3466:and Christianity 3436:Pilgrimage sites 3366:Reform movements 3244:Vinayagar Agaval 3195:Five Great Epics 3144:Tamil literature 3043:Sushruta Samhita 2838:Bhavishya Purana 2824:Brahmanda Purana 2775:Bhagavata Purana 2703:Other scriptures 2265:Mahavatar Babaji 1840:Satyakama Jabala 1511:Ganesh Chaturthi 1365:Rites of passage 878:Shraddha (faith) 296:Major traditions 222: 187: 164: 163: 151: 150: 137: 136: 129: 128: 51: 39: 38: 21: 12553: 12552: 12548: 12547: 12546: 12544: 12543: 12542: 12493: 12492: 12491: 12481: 12479: 12467: 12457: 12455: 12445: 12443: 12433: 12431: 12423: 12421: 12416: 12381: 12195: 12066:Vepkhistkaosani 12005: 11947: 11942: 11912: 11907: 11903:Hindu mythology 11889: 11800: 11718: 11576: 11567: 11435: 11426: 11396: 11391: 11375: 11272:Kamba Ramayanam 11223:Ananda Ramayana 11187: 11141: 11100: 11086:Shravana Kumara 11036:Lakshmana rekha 11027: 11020: 10957: 10814: 10746: 10735: 10652: 10645: 10587: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10536: 10519: 10513: 10497: 10491: 10478: 10456: 10450: 10435: 10428: 10405: 10400: 10394: 10381: 10375: 10362: 10353: 10351: 10344: 10325: 10319: 10309:Legends of Devi 10306: 10302: 10300:Further reading 10297: 10291: 10272: 10244: 10221: 10202: 10194:. Aryan Books. 10179: 10156: 10145: 10126: 10107: 10096: 10062: 10040: 10021: 10002: 9985: 9980: 9970: 9968: 9953: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9930:Beauty Of India 9922: 9918: 9908: 9906: 9893: 9892: 9888: 9878: 9876: 9861: 9857: 9847: 9845: 9832: 9831: 9827: 9815: 9811: 9801: 9799: 9784: 9780: 9772: 9765: 9755: 9753: 9745: 9744: 9740: 9730: 9728: 9719: 9718: 9714: 9704: 9702: 9689: 9688: 9684: 9676: 9672: 9662: 9660: 9651: 9650: 9646: 9636: 9634: 9625: 9624: 9620: 9612: 9608: 9600: 9596: 9588: 9584: 9576: 9572: 9564: 9553: 9547: 9543: 9535: 9528: 9517: 9516: 9512: 9501: 9500: 9496: 9489: 9473: 9469: 9459: 9457: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9432: 9418: 9414: 9407: 9393: 9389: 9379: 9377: 9362: 9358: 9348: 9346: 9333: 9332: 9328: 9318: 9316: 9305: 9301: 9293: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9261: 9260: 9256: 9243: 9242: 9238: 9230: 9223: 9215: 9184: 9178: 9174: 9161: 9157: 9152: 9148: 9138: 9136: 9127: 9123: 9112: 9108: 9098: 9096: 9087: 9083: 9073: 9071: 9062: 9058: 9048: 9046: 9037: 9033: 9017: 9016: 9008: 9004: 8997: 8979: 8975: 8965: 8963: 8948: 8944: 8934: 8932: 8922: 8918: 8908: 8906: 8897: 8896: 8892: 8882: 8880: 8871: 8870: 8866: 8856: 8854: 8843:"Gond Ramayani" 8839: 8835: 8825: 8823: 8816: 8800: 8796: 8786: 8784: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8744: 8740: 8730:Cakrabartī 2006 8728: 8724: 8709: 8708: 8704: 8684: 8680: 8665: 8661: 8651: 8649: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8621: 8619: 8606: 8605: 8601: 8570: 8566: 8561:on 19 May 2022. 8558: 8539: 8533: 8529: 8518: 8496: 8492: 8484: 8473: 8461: 8457: 8447: 8445: 8430: 8426: 8419: 8405: 8401: 8382: 8378: 8368: 8366: 8353: 8352: 8345: 8338: 8322: 8318: 8306: 8302: 8294: 8290: 8282: 8278: 8270: 8266: 8258: 8254: 8244: 8242: 8235: 8219: 8215: 8209:Wayback Machine 8199: 8195: 8189:Wayback Machine 8179: 8175: 8169:Wayback Machine 8159: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8125: 8121: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8091: 8087: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8057: 8053: 8043: 8041: 8034: 8018: 8014: 8006:Champu-Ramayana 8001: 7997: 7985: 7978: 7970: 7966: 7959: 7941: 7937: 7928: 7927: 7923: 7913: 7911: 7898: 7897: 7893: 7881:Wayback Machine 7872: 7868: 7864: 7859: 7858: 7849: 7832: 7804:Ramcharitamanas 7749:(also known as 7729:Madhava Kandali 7722: 7695: 7677: 7660: 7639: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7613: 7595: 7582: 7567: 7552: 7541: 7525: 7514: 7501: 7495: 7482: 7476: 7463: 7449: 7424: 7413: 7400: 7391:. Shanti Sadan. 7386: 7368: 7341: 7317: 7284: 7275: 7248:Jalabala Vaidya 7220: 7204:The Book Of Ram 7180:Ramayana Series 7164: 7022:Indian diaspora 6926:Molla Ramayanam 6923:Telugu language 6862: 6831: 6829:Bridge To Lanka 6826: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6799: 6797:Ramayana Ballet 6793: 6713:(also known as 6697:(also known as 6687: 6667: 6578: 6533: 6527: 6511: 6499:Ramayana Ballet 6401:. The Javanese 6399:Mataram Kingdom 6335: 6330: 6328:Southeast Asian 6252:Padmanabh Jaini 6225:half time cycle 6168: 6157: 6151: 6148: 6138:Please help to 6137: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6104:Rama in Jainism 6102:Main articles: 6100: 6094:(Rahula-Mata). 6048: 6037: 6031: 6028: 6013: 5997: 5986: 5980: 5967:Arunachala Kavi 5886: 5880: 5863:Adiya Ramayana, 5807:for this work. 5747:(also known as 5673:Madhava Kandali 5615: 5524: 5518: 5493:, the birth of 5462: 5456: 5428:Aradhana Devata 5384:by Valmiki and 5298: 5253: 5247: 5182: 5179:Kiṣkindhā Kāṇda 5113:Raja Ravi Varma 5098: 5090:Main articles: 5088: 5059: 5051: 4986: 4980: 4973: 4968: 4962: 4912: 4886: 4832: 4812: 4759:7th century BCE 4724: 4715: 4677: 4675: 4668: 4667: 4638: 4630: 4629: 4595: 4587: 4586: 4496: 4488: 4487: 4418: 4410: 4409: 4375: 4362: 4333:internal sandhi 4261: 4231:Hinduism Portal 3883:Hindu mythology 3872: 3834:poetry and the 3752:There are many 3557: 3553: 3540: 3502: 3500: 3481: 3480: 3474: 3444: 3410: 3389: 3381: 3371: 3370: 3333: 3266: 3258: 3250: 3249: 3146: 3114: 3036:Charaka Samhita 3015:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 2973:Shilpa Shastras 2952: 2905: 2789:Naradiya Purana 2761: 2756: 2731: 2705: 2664: 2528: 2460: 2444: 2413: 2405: 2395: 2394: 2340:Shirdi Sai Baba 2335:Sathya Sai Baba 2315:Ramana Maharshi 2219: 2186:Vadiraja Tirtha 2181:Vācaspati Miśra 2061:Srinivasacharya 2041:Narahari Tirtha 2021:Matsyendranatha 2006:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 1971:Jagannatha Dasa 1961:Haridasa Thakur 1875: 1754: 1746: 1736: 1735: 1691: 1652:Vishishtadvaita 1601: 1593: 1583: 1582: 1536:Makar Sankranti 1516:Vasant Panchami 1479:Maha Shivaratri 1463: 1367: 1276: 1210: 1179: 1060: 1051: 1043: 1042: 1007: 901: 838:Prajña (wisdom) 834: 811: 775: 749: 718: 687: 685:Meaning of life 672:God in Hinduism 661: 625: 623:Supreme reality 600:Subtle elements 589: 570: 564: 554: 553: 409: 378: 352: 344: 334: 333: 330: 297: 291: 281: 280: 225: 220:Hindu synthesis 216: 211: 148: 126: 54: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12551: 12541: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12490: 12489: 12477: 12465: 12453: 12441: 12418: 12417: 12415: 12414: 12407: 12402: 12395: 12389: 12387: 12383: 12382: 12380: 12379: 12372: 12367: 12360: 12355: 12348: 12343: 12336: 12331: 12324: 12319: 12312: 12307: 12300: 12295: 12288: 12283: 12276: 12269: 12264: 12261:Nibelungenlied 12257: 12252: 12245: 12240: 12233: 12228: 12221: 12216: 12209: 12203: 12201: 12197: 12196: 12194: 12193: 12186: 12181: 12174: 12171:Silappatikaram 12167: 12162: 12155: 12150: 12143: 12138: 12131: 12128:Sejarah Melayu 12124: 12117: 12112: 12105: 12100: 12093: 12088: 12081: 12074: 12069: 12062: 12057: 12050: 12043: 12038: 12031: 12026: 12019: 12013: 12011: 12007: 12006: 12004: 12003: 11996: 11989: 11984: 11981:The Araucaniad 11973: 11968: 11961: 11955: 11953: 11949: 11948: 11941: 11940: 11933: 11926: 11918: 11909: 11908: 11906: 11905: 11900: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11887: 11880: 11873: 11872: 11871: 11857: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11812: 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11143: 11142: 11140: 11139: 11137:Oshadhiparvata 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11108: 11106: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11032: 11030: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10967: 10965: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10824: 10822: 10816: 10815: 10813: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10756: 10754: 10748: 10747: 10738: 10736: 10734: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10662: 10660: 10654: 10653: 10644: 10643: 10636: 10629: 10621: 10615: 10614: 10605: 10600: 10584: 10571: 10563: 10550: 10546: 10545:External links 10543: 10541: 10540: 10534: 10517: 10511: 10495: 10489: 10476: 10463:National Epics 10454: 10448: 10433: 10398: 10392: 10379: 10373: 10360: 10342: 10323: 10317: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10295: 10289: 10276: 10270: 10257: 10248: 10242: 10225: 10219: 10206: 10200: 10184: 10167:(4): 144–147. 10149: 10143: 10130: 10124: 10111: 10106:81-208-3162--4 10105: 10087: 10077:(1): 101–111. 10066: 10060: 10048:Coedès, George 10044: 10038: 10025: 10019: 10006: 10000: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9978: 9947: 9916: 9886: 9855: 9825: 9809: 9778: 9763: 9738: 9721:"Sundarakanda" 9712: 9682: 9670: 9644: 9618: 9616:, p. 149. 9614:Ramanujan 2004 9606: 9604:, p. 103. 9602:Francisco 1989 9594: 9592:, p. 101. 9590:Francisco 1989 9582: 9578:Guillermo 2011 9570: 9541: 9539:, p. 264. 9537:Guillermo 2011 9526: 9510: 9494: 9487: 9467: 9437: 9431:978-1648250316 9430: 9412: 9406:978-1317441069 9405: 9387: 9356: 9326: 9299: 9284: 9267:www.nas.gov.sg 9254: 9236: 9234:, p. 145. 9232:Ramanujan 2004 9221: 9172: 9155: 9146: 9121: 9106: 9081: 9056: 9031: 9002: 8995: 8973: 8942: 8916: 8890: 8864: 8847:Times of India 8833: 8814: 8794: 8764: 8738: 8722: 8702: 8678: 8659: 8629: 8599: 8564: 8527: 8524:on 4 May 2020. 8516: 8490: 8471: 8455: 8424: 8417: 8399: 8376: 8343: 8336: 8316: 8300: 8288: 8276: 8264: 8252: 8233: 8213: 8193: 8173: 8153: 8139: 8119: 8105: 8085: 8071: 8051: 8032: 8012: 7995: 7976: 7964: 7957: 7935: 7921: 7891: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7836: 7815: 7797: 7781: 7775:Dandi Ramayana 7758: 7743:Krittibas Ojha 7740: 7726: 7703: 7681: 7664: 7663:–12th century) 7632: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7620: 7619: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7593: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7565: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7539: 7527:Sattar, Arshia 7523: 7522: 7521: 7512: 7499: 7493: 7480: 7474: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7411: 7398: 7397: 7396: 7384: 7383: 7382: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7311: 7310: 7306: 7305: 7296: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7259:Baba Hari Dass 7219: 7216: 7176:Amish Tripathi 7163: 7160: 7154:also depicted 7152:Syed Thajudeen 7006:Southeast Asia 6987:Andhra Pradesh 6959:Ramcharitmanas 6946:Krittibas Ojha 6911:Kambaramayanam 6861: 6858: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6792: 6789: 6716:govindarājīyam 6686: 6683: 6666: 6663: 6577: 6574: 6543:Maranao people 6529:Main article: 6526: 6523: 6510: 6507: 6495:Javanese dance 6358:Javanese dance 6354:Dandaka Forest 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6250:respectively. 6221:Jain cosmology 6170: 6169: 6124: 6122: 6115: 6099: 6096: 6050: 6049: 6000: 5998: 5991: 5982:Main article: 5979: 5976: 5963:Tamil Language 5921:literature of 5911:Silappatikaram 5882:Main article: 5879: 5876: 5749:Dandi Ramayana 5731:Krittibas Ojha 5634:Kambaramayanam 5614: 5611: 5517: 5514: 5455: 5450: 5395:Ramcharitmanas 5344:construct the 5328:Also known as 5297: 5292: 5249:Main article: 5246: 5241: 5181: 5176: 5087: 5082: 5057: 5050: 5045: 4982:Main article: 4979: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4964:Main article: 4961: 4958: 4911: 4908: 4885: 4882: 4831: 4828: 4822:composing the 4811: 4808: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4706: 4699: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4579: 4578: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4525: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4503: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4419: 4416: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4358: 4357: 4347: 4346: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4065: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4002: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3932: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3909: 3908: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3894: 3886: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3871: 3868: 3817:Tibeto-Chinese 3701:, the king of 3689:with his wife 3655:, the seventh 3542: 3541: 3539: 3538: 3531: 3524: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3483: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3472: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3382: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3339:Discrimination 3335: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3230:Abirami Antati 3226: 3219: 3212: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3163: 3156: 3148: 3147: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3131: 3124: 3116: 3115: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3095: 3088: 3081: 3078:Ramcharitmanas 3074: 3067: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3032: 3029:Pramana Sutras 3025: 3018: 3011: 3004: 3001:Mimamsa Sutras 2997: 2994:Samkhya Sutras 2990: 2983: 2976: 2969: 2962: 2959:Dharma Shastra 2954: 2953: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2929: 2922: 2915: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2890: 2883: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2855: 2848: 2841: 2834: 2827: 2820: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2792: 2785: 2778: 2771: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2715: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2649: 2642: 2634: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2611: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2596: 2593:Shvetashvatara 2589: 2582: 2575: 2568: 2565:Brihadaranyaka 2560: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2545: 2537: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2484: 2477: 2470: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2375:Upasni Maharaj 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2201:Vedanta Desika 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2121:Samarth Ramdas 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2071:Purandara Dasa 2068: 2063: 2058: 2056:Nimbarkacharya 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1976:Jayanta Bhatta 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1506:Raksha Bandhan 1503: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1388:Simantonnayana 1385: 1380: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1337:Carnatic music 1334: 1329: 1324: 1322:Bhagavata Mela 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1266:Kundalini yoga 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1003: 1000: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 903: 902: 899: 896: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 829: 824: 819: 813: 812: 809: 806: 805: 800: 795: 790: 784: 783: 777: 776: 771: 768: 767: 762: 757: 751: 750: 745: 742: 741: 736: 731: 726: 720: 719: 716:Stages of life 714: 711: 710: 705: 700: 695: 689: 688: 683: 680: 679: 677:God and gender 674: 669: 663: 662: 659: 656: 655: 650: 645: 644: 643: 638: 627: 626: 621: 618: 617: 612: 610:Gross elements 607: 602: 597: 591: 590: 587: 584: 583: 578: 572: 571: 568: 565: 560: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 485: 484: 478: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 421: 420: 411: 410: 400: 397: 396: 391: 386: 380: 379: 374: 371: 370: 365: 360: 354: 353: 348: 345: 340: 339: 336: 335: 332: 331: 324: 321: 320: 315: 310: 305: 299: 298: 295: 292: 287: 286: 283: 282: 279: 278: 273: 268: 266:Itihasa-Purana 257: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 203: 202: 197: 189: 188: 180: 179: 173: 172: 160: 159: 144: 143: 122: 121: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 95: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 65: 61: 60: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12550: 12539: 12538:Frame stories 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12488: 12478: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12464: 12454: 12452: 12442: 12440: 12430: 12429: 12426: 12413: 12412: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12400: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12390: 12388: 12384: 12378: 12377: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12365: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12353: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12341: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12329: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12317: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12305: 12304:Divine Comedy 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12293: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12281: 12277: 12275: 12274: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12262: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12250: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12238: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12226: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12214: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12198: 12192: 12191: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12179: 12175: 12173: 12172: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12160: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12136: 12132: 12130: 12129: 12125: 12123: 12122: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12110: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12098: 12097:Epic of Manas 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12086: 12082: 12080: 12079: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12067: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12055: 12051: 12049: 12048: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12036: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12024: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12014: 12012: 12008: 12002: 12001: 11997: 11995: 11994: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11966: 11965:Martín Fierro 11962: 11960: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11950: 11946: 11939: 11934: 11932: 11927: 11925: 11920: 11919: 11916: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11895: 11892: 11886: 11885: 11881: 11879: 11878: 11874: 11870: 11869: 11868:Bhagavad Gita 11865: 11864: 11863: 11862: 11858: 11856: 11855: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11818: 11817: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11803: 11797: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11737: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11723:Other deities 11721: 11715: 11714: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11592: 11591: 11588: 11587: 11585: 11583: 11579: 11574: 11564: 11563: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11451: 11450: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11442: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11429:Hindu deities 11423: 11418: 11416: 11411: 11409: 11404: 11403: 11400: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11382: 11378: 11372: 11371: 11367: 11365: 11364: 11360: 11358: 11357: 11353: 11351: 11350: 11346: 11344: 11343: 11339: 11337: 11336: 11332: 11330: 11329: 11325: 11323: 11322: 11318: 11316: 11315: 11311: 11309: 11308: 11304: 11302: 11301: 11297: 11295: 11294: 11290: 11288: 11287: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11276: 11274: 11273: 11269: 11267: 11266: 11262: 11260: 11259: 11255: 11253: 11252: 11248: 11246: 11245: 11241: 11239: 11238: 11234: 11232: 11231: 11227: 11225: 11224: 11220: 11218: 11217: 11213: 11211: 11210: 11206: 11204: 11203: 11199: 11198: 11196: 11194: 11190: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11150: 11148: 11144: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11107: 11103: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11029: 11026:Other figures 11023: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10964: 10960: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10848:Akshayakumara 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10825: 10823: 10821: 10817: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10749: 10742: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10655: 10651: 10650: 10642: 10637: 10635: 10630: 10628: 10623: 10622: 10619: 10613: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10595: 10594: 10585: 10583: 10579: 10575: 10572: 10569: 10568: 10564: 10561: 10557: 10556: 10551: 10549: 10548: 10537: 10531: 10527: 10523: 10518: 10514: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10492: 10486: 10483:. Greenwood. 10482: 10477: 10473: 10469: 10465: 10464: 10459: 10455: 10451: 10445: 10441: 10440: 10434: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10415: 10411: 10404: 10399: 10395: 10389: 10385: 10380: 10376: 10370: 10366: 10361: 10349: 10345: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10330: 10324: 10320: 10314: 10310: 10305: 10304: 10292: 10286: 10282: 10277: 10273: 10267: 10263: 10258: 10254: 10249: 10245: 10239: 10234: 10233: 10226: 10222: 10216: 10212: 10207: 10203: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10162: 10155: 10150: 10146: 10140: 10136: 10131: 10127: 10121: 10117: 10112: 10108: 10102: 10095: 10094: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10067: 10063: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10035: 10031: 10026: 10022: 10016: 10012: 10007: 10003: 10001:90-04-10260-4 9997: 9993: 9988: 9987: 9966: 9962: 9961:Hindu-Sanskar 9958: 9951: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9920: 9904: 9900: 9896: 9890: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9859: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9829: 9822: 9818: 9817:Mankekar 1999 9813: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9782: 9775: 9770: 9768: 9752: 9748: 9742: 9726: 9722: 9716: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9686: 9679: 9674: 9658: 9654: 9648: 9632: 9628: 9622: 9615: 9610: 9603: 9598: 9591: 9586: 9579: 9574: 9563: 9559: 9558:Asian Studies 9552: 9545: 9538: 9533: 9531: 9522: 9521: 9514: 9506: 9505: 9498: 9490: 9488:9789794618103 9484: 9480: 9479: 9471: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9441: 9433: 9427: 9423: 9416: 9408: 9402: 9398: 9391: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9360: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9330: 9314: 9310: 9303: 9296: 9291: 9289: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9258: 9250: 9246: 9240: 9233: 9228: 9226: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9183: 9176: 9168: 9167: 9159: 9150: 9134: 9133: 9125: 9117: 9110: 9094: 9093: 9085: 9069: 9068: 9060: 9044: 9043: 9035: 9027: 9021: 9013: 9006: 8998: 8996:9780231115629 8992: 8987: 8986: 8977: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8946: 8931: 8930:Outlook India 8927: 8920: 8904: 8900: 8894: 8878: 8874: 8868: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8837: 8821: 8817: 8815:9780816075645 8811: 8807: 8806: 8798: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8768: 8760: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8747:Rogers, J. M. 8742: 8736:, p. 19. 8735: 8731: 8726: 8718: 8714: 8713: 8706: 8699: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8682: 8674: 8670: 8663: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8633: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8603: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8568: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8538: 8531: 8523: 8519: 8517:3-88587-033-9 8513: 8509: 8505: 8503: 8502:Sītāpaharaṇam 8494: 8487: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8468: 8464: 8459: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8428: 8420: 8414: 8410: 8403: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8380: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8350: 8348: 8339: 8333: 8329: 8328: 8320: 8313: 8309: 8304: 8297: 8292: 8285: 8280: 8273: 8268: 8261: 8256: 8240: 8236: 8234:9789387326262 8230: 8226: 8225: 8217: 8210: 8206: 8203: 8197: 8190: 8186: 8183: 8177: 8170: 8166: 8163: 8157: 8142: 8140:9789350001073 8136: 8132: 8131: 8123: 8108: 8106:9788172015077 8102: 8098: 8097: 8089: 8074: 8072:9788179920022 8068: 8064: 8063: 8055: 8039: 8035: 8033:9788120602298 8029: 8025: 8024: 8016: 8008: 8007: 7999: 7992: 7988: 7983: 7981: 7973: 7968: 7960: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7931: 7925: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7895: 7889: 7887: 7882: 7878: 7875: 7870: 7866: 7844: 7840: 7837: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7816: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7741: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7727: 7717: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7704: 7701: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7672: 7669:Ramayanam of 7668: 7665: 7655: 7651: 7650: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7618: 7615: 7614: 7608: 7600: 7599: 7596: 7590: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7572: 7571: 7568: 7566:0-14-044744-X 7562: 7558: 7557: 7551: 7546: 7545: 7542: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7519: 7518: 7515: 7509: 7505: 7500: 7496: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7456: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7431: 7427: 7426:Buck, William 7423: 7418: 7417: 7414: 7408: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7393: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7355: 7350:. J. M. Dent. 7348: 7347: 7340: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7321:(1870–1874). 7320: 7316: 7315: 7314: 7308: 7307: 7304: 7300: 7299:Sanskrit text 7297: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7287:Sanskrit text 7286: 7285: 7279: 7273:Nomenclatures 7270: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7229: 7224: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7119: 7118: 7113: 7109: 7108: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7031:, especially 7030: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6967: 6965: 6962:, written by 6961: 6960: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6898:ancient India 6891: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6866: 6857: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6846:Adam's bridge 6840: 6835: 6821: 6819: 6804: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6779:are known as 6778: 6776: 6770: 6768: 6762: 6760: 6754: 6752: 6745: 6739: 6735:, Ramanuja's 6734: 6732: 6726: 6724: 6717: 6712: 6710: 6704: 6702: 6696: 6694: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6659:Wat Phra Kaew 6656: 6651: 6648: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6591: 6587: 6582: 6573: 6571: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6555: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6539: 6532: 6522: 6520: 6516: 6506: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6481: 6477: 6472: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6417: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6369:and Balinese 6368: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6339: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6307: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6264:chakravartins 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6248:Prativasudeva 6245: 6241: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6213:Vasudevahindi 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6188:Vasudevahiṇḍī 6184: 6180: 6176: 6166: 6163: 6155: 6145: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6128: 6123: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6098:Jain versions 6095: 6093: 6089: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6046: 6043: 6035: 6032:December 2023 6025: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6006: 6001:This section 5999: 5995: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5943: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5895: 5891: 5885: 5875: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5859: 5857: 5856:Gond Ramayani 5853: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5806: 5803:who received 5802: 5799:in Telugu by 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5661: 5659: 5658:Atukuri Molla 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5546:in disguise. 5545: 5540: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5485: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5461: 5460:Exile of Sita 5454: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5378:Agni Pariksha 5374: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5264:Sundara Kanda 5257: 5252: 5251:Sundara Kanda 5245: 5244:Sundara Kaṇḍa 5240: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5180: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5055: 5049: 5048:Ayodhyā Kāṇḍa 5044: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5014: 5012: 5006: 5004: 4996: 4990: 4985: 4978: 4967: 4956: 4951: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4937: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4825: 4821: 4816: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4798: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4781:predates the 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4745: 4742:, now at the 4741: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4712: 4707: 4705: 4700: 4698: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4671: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4637:Organizations 4634: 4633: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4583: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4360: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4306: 4305: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4258: 4253: 4251: 4246: 4244: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4013:Hiranyagarbha 4011: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4004: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3978:Matsya Purana 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3968:Skanda Purana 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3958:Vishnu Purana 3956: 3954: 3953:Garuda Purana 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3938:Brahma Purana 3936: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3867: 3864: 3858: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3750: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3643: 3639:known as the 3638: 3634: 3633:ancient India 3630: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3593: 3587: 3551: 3550: 3537: 3532: 3530: 3525: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3477: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3409:Hindu culture 3407: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3375: 3374: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3361:Organisations 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3086: 3085:Yoga Vasistha 3082: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3052: 3051: 3050:Natya Shastra 3047: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3009: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2987:Brahma Sutras 2984: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2933:Sthapatyaveda 2930: 2928: 2927: 2926:Gandharvaveda 2923: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2889: 2888: 2887:Varaha Purana 2884: 2882: 2881: 2880:Skanda Purana 2877: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2818: 2817:Brahma Purana 2814: 2812: 2811: 2810:Garuda Purana 2807: 2805: 2804: 2803:Matsya Purana 2800: 2798: 2797: 2796:Vāmana Purana 2793: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2770: 2769: 2768:Vishnu Purana 2765: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2714: 2713: 2712:Bhagavad Gita 2709: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2399: 2398: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2295:Radhakrishnan 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2275:Narayana Guru 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2255:Jaggi Vasudev 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2245:Chinmayananda 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2106:Ramprasad Sen 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1956:Gorakshanatha 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1896:Allama Prabhu 1894: 1892: 1891:Akka Mahadevi 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1881:Abhinavagupta 1879: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1830:Prashastapada 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1690:Other schools 1688: 1687: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1666:Shuddhadvaita 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 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D. Ranade 2161:Śyāma Śastri 2156:Swaminarayan 2116:Rupa Goswami 2026:Morya Gosavi 1986:Jiva Goswami 1886:Adi Shankara 1712:Pratyabhijña 1678: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1636: 1443:Samavartanam 1423:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 1408:Annaprashana 1332:Dandiya Raas 1307:Mohiniyattam 1200:Nididhyāsana 1005:Epistemology 937:Brahmacharya 817:Ātman (self) 780: 724:Brahmacharya 653:Saccidānanda 605:Panchikarana 481: 414: 405: / 401:Other major 325: 259: 258: 213: 153:The Ramayana 139:at Sanskrit 130: 118: 36: 12523:Hindu texts 12340:Os Lusíadas 12328:Pan Tadeusz 12178:Manimekalai 12078:Mahabharata 12023:Sasna Dzrer 11977:La Araucana 11861:Mahabharata 11772:Kuladevatas 11551:Vishvakarma 11370:Yama Zatdaw 11237:Bhaṭṭikāvya 11051:Kushadhvaja 11006:Vishvamitra 10996:Parashurama 10933:Shurpanakha 10838:Kumbhakarna 10721:Shrutakirti 9983:Works cited 9460:13 December 9380:15 December 9349:15 December 9319:13 December 9295:Coedès 1968 9277:13 December 9249:archive.org 8857:17 November 8696:, pp. 8694:Claeys 2010 8688:, pp. 8686:Sharma 1986 8584:(3): 1–14. 8448:20 December 7989:, pp. 7914:19 February 7678: 11th 7661: 11th 7649:Ramavataram 7559:. Penguin. 7226:Hanuman at 7148:Netherlands 7117:Mahabharata 7107:Wayang Wong 7012:, known as 6971:terracottas 6850:Palk Strait 6824:In toponymy 6738:rāmānujīyam 6731:amṛtakaṭaka 6608:รามเกียรติ์ 6547:Philippines 6525:Philippines 6491:Wayang Wong 6433:Krishnayana 6408:Ravanavadha 6318:fourth hell 6299:Tirthankara 6193:Padmapurana 6183:Jain agamas 6144:introducing 5915:Manimekalai 5894:Ramavataram 5767:version by 5739:Sarala Dasa 5729:version by 5648:rendition, 5630:Ramavataram 5587:Philippines 5330:Lankā Kāṇḍa 4933:Mahabharata 4930:, like the 4870:Mahabharata 4852:Mahabharata 4784:Mahabharata 4732:Dashavatara 4545:Video games 4538:Traditional 4325:altered to 4304:Mahabharata 4293:Atharvaveda 3988:Vayu Purana 3920:Mahabharata 3709:along with 3648:Mahabharata 3462:and Judaism 3458:and Sikhism 3426:Iconography 3351:Nationalism 3344:Persecution 3128:Shiva Stuti 3022:Yoga Sutras 2852:Agni Purana 2754:Other texts 2745:Mahabharata 2488:Atharvaveda 2385:Vivekananda 2310:Rama Tirtha 2305:Ramakrishna 2280:Nigamananda 2270:Mahesh Yogi 2146:Sripadaraja 2136:Siddheshwar 2031:Mukundarāja 2011:Madhusūdana 2001:Kanaka Dasa 1921:Chakradhara 1865:Yajnavalkya 1855:Vishvamitra 1724:Pancharatra 1622:Vaisheshika 1578:Ratha Yatra 1526:Janmashtami 1521:Rama Navami 1438:Ritushuddhi 1413:Chudakarana 1403:Nishkramana 1373:Garbhadhana 1342:Pandav Lila 1251:Bhakti yoga 1136:Prāyaścitta 907:Niti śastra 755:Bhakti yoga 734:Vānaprastha 549:Vishvakarma 482:Post-Vedic: 318:Vaishnavism 260:Traditional 59:Information 12497:Categories 12487:Literature 12225:Kalevipoeg 12165:Tamil Nadu 12029:Azerbaijan 11843:Upanishads 11762:Gandharvas 11486:Dattatreya 11168:Kishkindha 11127:Kishkindha 10986:Bharadvaja 10883:Lavanasura 10833:Vibhishana 10701:Shatrughna 10666:Dasharatha 10188:Lal, B. B. 9899:IndiaTimes 9819:, p. 9695:IIT Kanpur 9678:Kumar 2020 9012:Purananuru 8826:8 November 8465:, p. 7874:"Ramayana" 7761:Sarala Das 7691:version) ( 7623:References 7533:. Viking. 7128:Indonesian 7057:Yogyakarta 6995:Chitrakuta 6876:) artist, 6870:Indonesian 6795:See also: 6693:tattvadīpa 6636:Vibhishana 6486:Yogyakarta 6447:temple in 6441:Yogyakarta 6439:temple in 6425:Ramakavaca 6371:Ramakavaca 6295:Jain texts 6205:Hemacandra 6127:references 5907:Purananuru 5892:wrote the 5781:Chanda Jha 5552:Yogyakarta 5520:See also: 5510:Rama-Rajya 5503:Ashvamedha 5458:See also: 5436:Rāma rājya 5432:Vibhishana 5365:Vibhishaṇa 5132:Śurpaṇakhā 4977:Bāla Kāṇḍa 4960:Characters 4910:Recensions 4858:, and the 4615:Miss India 4521:Television 4511:Newspapers 4458:Literature 4137:Saptarishi 3813:Vietnamese 3779:Indonesian 3679:Dasharatha 3302:Varna-less 3174:Tiruppukal 3135:Vayu Stuti 3099:Panchadasi 3092:Swara yoga 2980:Kama Sutra 2919:Dhanurveda 2579:Taittiriya 2557:Yajurveda: 2549:Kaushitaki 2526:Upanishads 2518:Upanishads 2442:Scriptures 2290:Prabhupada 2206:Vidyaranya 2091:Ram Charan 2066:Prabhākara 1981:Jayatīrtha 1931:Dadu Dayal 1926:Chāngadeva 1785:Bharadwaja 1775:Ashtavakra 1541:Kumbh Mela 1489:Durga Puja 1418:Karnavedha 1398:Nāmakaraṇa 1327:Yakshagana 1256:Karma yoga 1246:Jnana yoga 1241:Hatha yoga 1178:Meditation 1151:Tirthadana 932:Aparigraha 788:Paramātman 773:Liberation 765:Karma yoga 760:Jnana yoga 489:Dattatreya 289:Traditions 214:Historical 141:Wikisource 12451:Indonesia 12316:Lāčplēsis 12147:Shahnameh 12047:Trai Bhet 11993:O Uraguai 11959:Argentina 11782:Rakshasas 11652:Mahavidya 11595:Saraswati 11582:Goddesses 11511:Kartikeya 11363:Trai Bhet 11066:Maya Sita 11001:Vasishtha 10981:Arundhati 10923:Sulochana 10873:Mandodari 10696:Lakshmana 10610:from the 10422:1084-7561 10173:2394-7519 9994:. Brill. 9663:6 January 9637:6 January 9201:0378-1143 9020:cite book 9014:. 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