63:, HA, in water. The pH can be calculated using an ICE table. Note that in this example, we are assuming that the acid is not very weak, and that the concentration is not very dilute, so that the concentration of ions can be neglected. This is equivalent to the assumption that the final pH will be below about 6 or so. See
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of the reactants and also organize a set of conditions that one wants to solve with. Some sources refer to a RICE table (or box or chart) where the added R stands for the
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The third row, labeled C, specifies the change that occurs during the reaction. When the acid dissociates, its concentration changes by an amount
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We will introduce a tabular system for keeping track of the changing concentrations of the reactants and products that some call an ICE table.
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The fourth row, labeled E, is the sum of the first two rows and shows the final concentrations of each species at equilibrium.
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R.I.C.E. tables are also known as I.C.E. tables, ICE boxes, RICE boxes, ICE charts or RICE charts.
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Substitute the concentrations with the values found in the last row of the ICE table.
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The first row shows the reaction, which some authors label R and some leave blank.
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of the hydrogen ion. In dilute solution concentration is almost equal to activity
767:"R.I.C.E. Tables (I.C.E. Tables) and Equilibrium Constant Calculations Tutorial"
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and it is initially undissociated, so the concentrations of A and H are zero.
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The columns of the table correspond to the three species in equilibrium.
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Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002).
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is a tabular system of keeping track of changing concentrations in an
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To illustrate the processes, consider the case of dissolving a
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The second row, labeled I, has the initial conditions: the
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AUS-e-TUTE : Chemistry
Teaching and Learning Resources
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values larger than about 2 and concentrations high enough.
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436:{\displaystyle K_{\text{a}}={\frac {{\ce {}}}{{\ce {}}}}}
575:{\displaystyle x^{2}+K_{\text{a}}x-K_{\text{a}}C_{a}=0}
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It can be seen from the table that, at equilibrium, =
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Mass balance consistency check for a chemical reaction
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502:{\displaystyle K_{\text{a}}={\frac {x^{2}}{C_{a}-x}}}
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799:(11 ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 569–601.
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152:{\displaystyle {\ce {HA<=>{A^{-}}+{H+}}}}
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819:Strictly speaking pH is equal to −log
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29:RICE chart
685:and pH =
544:−
491:−
410:−
266:−
128:−
113:⇀
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95:−
88:↽
61:weak acid
21:ICE table
825:activity
342:To find
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25:RICE box
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55:Example
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708:− log
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19:An
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424:HA
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223:−
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79:HA
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693:/
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649:=
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567:=
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532:K
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523:2
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494:x
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482:C
475:2
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465:=
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421:[
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403:[
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219:C
210:x
208:+
204:x
202:+
198:x
196:−
185:0
181:a
179:C
143:+
139:H
134:+
124:A
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