512:
feared it might be leaked to the Press. The talks were held in confidentiality and even the Assam Chief
Minister and the Governor were unaware of the progress made. When AASU requested taking the draft back to Assam for approval by the party members, it was instead suggested to fly a sixty-member AASU Executive body to Delhi. Pradhan had kept Rajiv Gandhi deliberately out of the talks with AASU until they had approved the draft. Pradhan used the pressure of time to clinch the accord as it was 2:30 am on 15 August, and Rajiv Gandhi had decided to announce the signing of the accord in the
1075:
27:
825:
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international trade and commerce in Geneva for ten years. He held several important positions in the
Government of Maharashtra and the Government of India including Home Secretary, Government of Maharashtra, Director General of Shipping in the Government of India, and Chief Secretary, Government of Maharashtra. In December 2008, he was appointed to lead a two-man panel to investigate the
504:, general secretary AASU to Delhi in May 1985. Pradhan held five meetings with AASU in the first round of talks in May starting with a twenty-five-point discussion list. Eventually the list was narrowed down to seven core issues. The policy for the detection and treatment of foreigners was discussed during these meetings.
456:
Following this the Desai
Commission was set up to complete the previous commission's work in 24 hours. Pradhan briefed the commission on the work done by the previous commissions, and provided it with records and figures available with the Home Ministry. However the commission could not complete its
543:
As in the case of Assam, Pradhan kept Rajiv Gandhi out of the negotiations. The talks started off roughly because Rajiv Gandhi had opposed some points of the agreement negotiated by
Pradhan's predecessor with Laldenga. The talks progressed slowly, but in June 1986, Pradhan made an offer for a quick
539:
had fought for secession of his land from the country. In 1976 he had signed an accord with the Indian government, but this was not implemented because of the successive change of governments. Negotiations were ongoing from the time of the 1980 Indira Gandhi government. Pradhan started direct talks
560:
in March 1987, after
Arunachal was granted statehood in November 1986. The state was having border problems with China at the time, and Pradhan's achievements in reaching the accords of northeast states of Assam and Mizoram and his previous experience in the Defence Ministry were the factors Prime
547:
On 30 June, the day of his retirement, Pradhan again suggested that
Laldenga be flexible to reach a settlement. Laldenga accepted this and in an hour's time all pending issues were cleared, and the draft of the agreement was prepared. Although they had planned to get the accord signed by Pradhan's
511:
to Assam on 9 August 1985, and met over 95 delegations that day. The final round of talks began on 12 August, when the first written draft of the negotiations was prepared jointly by
Pradhan and the joint secretary of AASU, S.S. Sharma. There was no written record of the previous talks as Pradhan
430:
which would be permanently transferred to Punjab as part of the accord. As per the commission's suggestion for a linguistic enumeration of the population of a village called Kandu Khera, the task demanded that the enumeration be fair and peaceful. Pradhan ordered the deployment of a contingent of
413:
Pradhan was given the task of assessing the election-readiness of Punjab, and he arranged meetings between jailed student leaders and their mentors to assess the mood of the Punjab youth. When elections were held in Punjab, the Akali Dal joined the mainstream and was returned as the ruling party.
318:
Pradhan was an IAS officer of the 1952 batch who served in the
Maharashtra cadre. He joined as a Bombay State officer. For the next five years he worked in Gujarat. He was a Private Secretary to the Union Minister of Defence Y. B. Chavan. Later, he was an Indian representative diplomat in
135:
548:
successor, Rajiv Gandhi wanted it to be signed by
Pradhan himself in the few hours left before his retirement. They consulted a legal expert and got his retirement postponed to midnight. The accord was then jointly signed by him, Laldenga and Lalkhama, the Chief Secretary of Mizoram.
440:
officers from non-Hindi speaking areas who successfully performed the enumeration. It was as per that enumeration that the commission concluded that it could not make any recommendation for a suitable contiguous Hindi-majority area of villages that can be transferred to
Haryana.
390:
bodyguards sympathetic to the Khalistan cause, the situation in Punjab had become tense. Pradhan suggested re-initialisation of dialogue with the Akali Dal, and as a precursor suggested the replacement of Punjab Governor K.T. Satarawalla, with a person of political background.
444:
Following this the Venkataramiah Commission was set up with the same purpose, and Pradhan represented the Central Government in the hearings of the commission. That commission too could not come up with a solution in time because of a last-minute change of plan by the
495:
in 1980 for a solution to the problem. The talks were formally discontinued in 1983 without a solution. Pradhan formally resumed talks on the Assam problem at the insistence of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in April 1985. He invited the AASU representatives including
435:
in the village for the safety of the enumerators, and so that political forces did not determine the outcome of the result. When both the Chief Ministers of Punjab and Haryana showed dissatisfaction with the neutrality of the enumerators, Pradhan selected 30 young
720:
402:
in the Punjab negotiations. Being from Maharashtra himself, Pradhan was aware of the political structure on his home state, and knew of Pawar's abilities, and his added advantage of being a friend of
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1040:
898:
315:. He held Secretary-level positions at the international and national levels in the areas of commerce, defence and home. He was in service of the government of India for 36 years.
661:"Pradhan, R. D. - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies | Library of Congress, from LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)"
2359:
406:, one of the Akali strongmen. Pawar's appointment led the way to his rejoining the Congress (I) from which he had split. Pawar went on to become a Congress strongman in the
236:
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communal riots of 1982. When Rajiv became the Prime Minister in 1984, he invited Pradhan to make his services available to the Government of India. Pradhan was appointed
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party, was impressed by the work done by Pradhan, who as Chief Secretary of Maharashtra, had promptly handled and provided administrative services during the
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work as its term was extended at the behest of Punjab. Chandigarh is still a Union Territory shared as a joint capital by the states of Punjab and Haryana.
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came to power in January 1990, he demanded the resignation of Governors of all states. Pradhan was the first governor to hand over the resignation.
1189:
1184:
1089:
914:
791:
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1149:
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813:
1209:
426:. He extended support to the Mathew Commission, set up to decide the Hindi-speaking areas of Punjab to be transferred to Haryana in lieu of
1104:
1099:
865:
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91:
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was made the new Governor of Punjab in March 1985. Pradhan also suggested involving the former Maharashtra Chief Minister
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The first major task Pradhan took up as Home Secretary in February 1985, was to assess the political situation in
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which came to power in the elections held in Assam in December 1985, with P.K. Mahanta as Chief Minister.
59:
2329:
2088:
1897:
1558:
956:
855:
2314:
1912:
1771:
969:
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Private Secretary to Y.B. Chavan, Chief Minister Maharashtra, Defence Minister India : (1960โ1965)
449:
government. To counter Bhajan Lal's opposition to the commission, he was replaced as Chief Minister by
2224:
2072:
1801:
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R.D. Pradhan won a seat in the Maharashtra Legislative Council in June 1990 on the Congress ticket.
1991:
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989:
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783:
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476:
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2209:
1816:
1710:
1154:
875:
203:
37:
2128:
1946:
1930:
1862:
1690:
1331:
1004:
994:
721:"Ex-Union home secretary Ram Pradhan, who chaired 26/11 Mumbai attacks probe panel, dies at 92"
497:
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1920:
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1476:
1381:
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1976:
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766:
628:
183:
84:
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8:
2199:
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1956:
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1996:
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into the state. They were having talks with the Central Government from the time of
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1986:
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In August 1985, Rajiv Gandhi handed over responsibility of negotiations with
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India's Resident Representative in Geneva to UNCTAD and GATT : 12 years
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1981:
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1242:
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919:
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224:
171:
2174:
1971:
1796:
1735:
1538:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1219:
1194:
1114:
508:
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Minister Rajiv Gandhi considered before offering him the position. When
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to flush out the militants, and her subsequent assassination by her own
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1685:
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1951:
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1431:
450:
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371:
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officer, from the 1952 batch who served as Union Home Secretary and
26:
532:
336:
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Sonia Gandhi looks for political aide and Pradhan may fit the bill
544:
resolution as he was retiring from government service that month.
323:. He died due to age-related ailments on July 31, 2020, aged 92.
134:
370:. Politics in Punjab had become secessionist in nature and the
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in 1985 and served in that post until his retirement in 1986.
824:
488:
472:
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Assistant Collector and Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Mount Abu
387:
585:
Governor, Arunachal Pradesh : March 1987 โ March 1990
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Following the accord the AASU formed their political wing
331:
Rajiv Gandhi, who was then the General Secretary of the
911:
Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner
880:
National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Sciences
568:
2360:
Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra
588:
Home Secretary, India : January 1985 โ June 1986
581:
The positions listed are not in chronological order.
551:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2350:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service
2291:
915:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy
422:Pradhan was involved in the implementing of the
374:party was calling for an independent country of
709:Maharashtra forms panel to probe Mumbai attacks
2335:Members of the Maharashtra Legislative Council
1492:
807:
307:Pradhan played a major role in signing the
1499:
1485:
814:
800:
603:International civil servant : 5 years
133:
866:Bureau of Police Research and Development
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
704:
702:
675:"Retired IAS Officers West Bengal Cadre"
378:. Following the previous Prime Minister
1056:Department of Jammu and Kashmir Affairs
611:High-level Enquiry Commission for 26/11
591:Home Secretary, Maharashtra : 1977
326:
216:15 January 1985 โ 30 June 1986
2340:Indian Administrative Service officers
2292:
556:R.D. Pradhan was appointed the second
507:Pradhan accompanied the Home Minister
483:against the influx of foreigners from
453:who agreed to the commission's award.
163:18 March 1987 โ 16 March 1990
1480:
795:
699:
535:to Pradhan. Laldenga, founder of the
361:
292:(27 June 1928 โ 31 July 2020) was an
346:Pradhan worked under Home Ministers
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1041:National Crime Investigation Bureau
899:National Crime Investigation Bureau
569:Rajya Sabha and Legislative Council
13:
743:
14:
2371:
985:Central Industrial Security Force
871:Central Industrial Security Force
576:
552:Governorship of Arunachal Pradesh
540:with Laldenga in September 1985.
526:
354:, and Minister of State for Home
1073:
948:Central Hindi Training Institute
830:Ministry of Home Affairs (India)
823:
417:
25:
16:Indian civil servant (1928โ2020)
2165:Fenner Brockway, Baron Brockway
1036:Central Bureau of Investigation
939:Department of Official Language
844:Department of Internal Security
460:
36:needs additional citations for
2325:Governors of Arunachal Pradesh
889:National Civil Defence College
778:19 March 1987 โ 16 March 1990
713:
688:
667:
653:
642:
1:
1706:Kershasp Tehmurasp Satarawala
1453:Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh
1031:National Crime Records Bureau
1021:Bureau of Immigration (India)
894:National Investigation Agency
884:National Crime Records Bureau
774:Governor of Arunachal Pradesh
635:
623:R.D. Pradhan was awarded the
558:Governor of Arunachal Pradesh
298:Governor of Arunachal Pradesh
294:Indian Administrative Service
151:Governor of Arunachal Pradesh
1510:award recipients (1980โ1989)
980:Central Reserve Police Force
908:North Eastern Police Academy
861:Central Reserve Police Force
594:Chief Secretary, Maharashtra
7:
2089:19th Kushok Bakula Rinpoche
1898:Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
1559:Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya
957:Central Armed Police Forces
750:"Working with Rajiv Gandhi"
10:
2376:
1913:Vuppuluri Ganapathi Sastry
1772:Kotha Satchidananda Murthy
970:Indo-Tibetan Border Police
945:Central Translation Bureau
464:
2238:
2157:
2081:
2015:
1939:
1835:
1744:
1658:
1640:P. N. Pattabhirama Sastri
1582:
1531:
1515:
1443:
1274:
1135:T. C. A. Srinivasavaradan
1082:
1071:
1049:
1013:
955:
938:
843:
836:
780:
771:
763:
758:
617:
516:speech the same morning.
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167:
156:
148:
144:
132:
125:
1992:C. Venkataraman Sundaram
1026:Narcotics Control Bureau
990:National Security Guards
930:Narcotics Control Bureau
2345:Indian Home Secretaries
2305:People from Maharashtra
2240:# Posthumous conferral
2215:Narinder Singh Randhawa
2210:Suresh Shankar Nadkarni
1711:Subodh Chandra Sengupta
876:National Security Guard
204:Home Secretary of India
2129:Akkineni Nageswara Rao
1947:Pushpa Mittra Bhargava
1931:Srinivasan Varadarajan
1863:Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon
1691:Swraj Paul, Baron Paul
1332:Kasu Brahmananda Reddy
1005:Defence Security Corps
995:Special Frontier Force
498:Prafulla Kumar Mahanta
2230:Prakash Narain Tandon
2170:Banoo Jehangir Coyaji
2134:Pratury Trirumala Rao
1962:Nasir Aminuddin Dagar
1926:Bhalchandra Udgaonkar
1921:Gurbachan Singh Talib
1853:Eknath Vasant Chitnis
1382:Mufti Mohammad Sayeed
1362:Prakash Chandra Sethi
965:Border Security Force
904:North Eastern Council
851:Indian Police Service
500:, President AASU and
2119:Kelucharan Mohapatra
2114:Shreyans Prasad Jain
2104:Ashok Sekhar Ganguly
1977:Sidney Dillon Ripley
1666:Richard Attenborough
1574:Avabai Bomanji Wadia
1549:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
1233:Gopal Krishna Pillai
1205:Balmiki Prasad Singh
1170:J. A. Kalyankrishnan
1062:Department of States
767:Bhishma Narain Singh
341:Union Home Secretary
327:Union Home Secretary
184:Bhishma Narain Singh
45:improve this article
2320:Politics of Mizoram
2310:Marathi politicians
2200:Ashesh Prosad Mitra
2190:Anna Rajam Malhotra
2099:Kartar Singh Duggal
2063:Laxmi Prasad Sihare
1957:Manohar Lal Chibber
1888:Kalanidhi Narayanan
1858:Virender Lal Chopra
1848:Shiba P. Chatterjee
1610:Khadim Hussain Khan
1600:Gottipati Brahmayya
1444:Ministers of State
1392:Murli Manohar Joshi
1367:P. V. Narasimha Rao
1327:Uma Shankar Dikshit
1307:Lal Bahadur Shastri
1302:Govind Ballabh Pant
975:Sashastra Seema Bal
856:Intelligence Bureau
759:Government offices
649:Rulers, Index Pi-Py
537:Mizo National Front
502:Bhrigu Kumar Phukan
471:Student parties in
404:Parkash Singh Badal
384:Operation Blue Star
321:2008 Mumbai attacks
2330:Governors of Bihar
2094:Ram Prakash Bambah
2048:Annada Shankar Ray
2002:Gulshan Lal Tandon
1878:Tribhuvandas Luhar
1782:Sripada Pinakapani
1777:Hosur Narasimhaiah
1767:Jnan Prakash Ghosh
1671:Doraiswamy Iyengar
1620:Jal Minocher Mehta
1590:Jasbir Singh Bajaj
1422:Sushilkumar Shinde
1322:Yashwantrao Chavan
1297:Kailash Nath Katju
1292:C. Rajagopalachari
1228:Vinod Kumar Duggal
1059:Department of Home
521:Asom Gana Parishad
362:The Punjab problem
2315:Politics of Assam
2287:
2286:
2220:Yoshio Sakurauchi
1997:Badri Nath Tandon
1721:Arun Kumar Sharma
1630:Syed Zahoor Qasim
1474:
1473:
1372:Shankarrao Chavan
1347:Hirubhai M. Patel
1312:Gulzari Lal Nanda
1282:Vallabhbhai Patel
1263:Ajay Kumar Bhalla
1069:
1068:
1050:Other Departments
790:
789:
781:Succeeded by
287:
286:
121:
120:
113:
95:
2367:
2144:B. V. Sreekantan
2058:Man Mohan Sharma
2038:Roddam Narasimha
1967:V. Krishnamurthy
1903:Gopala Ramanujam
1883:Sadat Abul Masud
1827:Baldev Upadhyaya
1757:Michael Ferreira
1752:Horace Alexander
1701:K. G. Ramanathan
1681:K. Sankaran Nair
1645:Jhabarmal Sharma
1615:Stella Kramrisch
1554:Gopinath Mohanty
1501:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1467:
1446:for Home Affairs
1436:
1397:H. D. Deve Gowda
1287:Jawaharlal Nehru
1267:
1200:K. Padmanabhaiah
1175:Shiromani Sharma
1145:T. N. Chaturvedi
1095:H. V. R. Iyengar
1083:Home Secretaries
1077:
925:Rashtriya Rifles
841:
840:
828:
827:
816:
809:
802:
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792:
764:Preceded by
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609:Chairman of the
514:Independence Day
394:Following this,
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259:Personal details
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2234:
2153:
2077:
2033:Nikhil Banerjee
2028:Kishori Amonkar
2011:
1935:
1831:
1822:Vijay Tendulkar
1740:
1731:Bhalindra Singh
1726:Benudhar Sharma
1654:
1578:
1527:
1511:
1505:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1463:G. Kishan Reddy
1445:
1439:
1434:
1387:Chandra Shekhar
1357:R. Venkataraman
1270:
1265:
1224:Dhirendra Singh
1140:S. M. H. Burney
1125:N. K. Mukherjee
1110:V. Vishwanathan
1090:R. N. Banerjee
1078:
1065:
1045:
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951:
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832:
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744:Further reading
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727:. 1 August 2020
725:Hindustan Times
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382:'s ordering of
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139:Pradhan in 2012
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60:"R. D. Pradhan"
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2225:Lakshman Singh
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2149:Satya Pal Wahi
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2073:Mohammad Yunus
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2068:Farokh Udwadia
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2013:
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2010:
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1994:
1989:
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1969:
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1943:
1941:
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1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:Bernard Peters
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1868:Santidev Ghosh
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:Durga Das Basu
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1253:Rajiv Mehrishi
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1215:N. Gopalaswami
1212:
1207:
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1197:
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1190:Madhav Godbole
1187:
1185:R. K. Bhargava
1182:
1180:Naresh Chandra
1177:
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752:by R.D.Pradhan
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577:Positions held
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527:Mizoram Accord
525:
465:Main article:
462:
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419:
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363:
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328:
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290:Ram D. Pradhan
285:
284:
281:
280:
279:(aged 92)
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127:Ram D. Pradhan
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2124:Bal Ram Nanda
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2053:Julio Ribeiro
2051:
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2043:R. D. Pradhan
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:Balamani Amma
2021:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2007:R. K. Trivedi
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:Martand Singh
1985:
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1927:
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1922:
1919:
1917:Amarjit Singh
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:S. Ramaseshan
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
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1873:Bhimsen Joshi
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1807:Obaid Siddiqi
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1716:Adi M. Sethna
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1508:Padma Bhushan
1502:
1497:
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1488:
1483:
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1479:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
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1448:
1442:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Rajnath Singh
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Shivraj Patil
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
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1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Morarji Desai
1340:
1338:
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1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Indira Gandhi
1315:
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1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:R. D. Pradhan
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:M. M. K. Wali
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:S. L. Khurana
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Govind Narain
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
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710:
705:
703:
696:
691:
676:
670:
662:
656:
650:
645:
641:
630:
626:
625:Padma Bhushan
622:
621:
612:
608:
605:
602:
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596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
583:
582:
574:
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559:
549:
545:
541:
538:
534:
524:
522:
517:
515:
510:
505:
503:
499:
494:
493:Indira Gandhi
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
468:
458:
454:
452:
448:
442:
439:
434:
429:
425:
424:Punjab accord
418:Punjab Accord
415:
411:
409:
408:Narasimha Rao
405:
401:
397:
392:
389:
385:
381:
380:Indira Gandhi
377:
373:
369:
359:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
324:
322:
316:
314:
310:
305:
304:government.
303:
299:
295:
291:
282:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
253:
250:
247:
241:
238:
235:
229:
226:
223:
219:
213:
208:
205:
200:
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194:
188:
185:
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176:
173:
170:
166:
160:
155:
152:
147:
143:
136:
131:
124:
115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: โ
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2195:M. V. Mathur
2185:Girilal Jain
2180:K. K. Hebbar
2109:Abid Hussain
2042:
1982:Rajeev Sethi
1812:Natwar Singh
1792:B. C. Sanyal
1696:Dr. Rajkumar
1625:Grace Morley
1458:Kiren Rijiju
1407:L. K. Advani
1337:Charan Singh
1243:Anil Goswami
1165:C. G. Somiah
1159:
1000:Assam Rifles
920:Assam Rifles
772:
749:
729:. Retrieved
724:
715:
690:
678:. Retrieved
669:
655:
644:
629:Republic Day
580:
572:
555:
546:
542:
530:
518:
506:
470:
467:Assam Accord
461:Assam Accord
455:
443:
433:Assam Rifles
421:
412:
410:government.
400:Sharad Pawar
393:
365:
348:S. B. Chavan
345:
333:Congress (I)
330:
317:
309:Assam Accord
306:
302:Rajiv Gandhi
289:
288:
277:(2020-07-31)
275:31 July 2020
267:27 June 1928
249:C. G. Somiah
244:Succeeded by
225:Rajiv Gandhi
211:
191:Succeeded by
172:Gegong Apang
158:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2355:2020 deaths
2300:1928 births
2175:Girija Devi
1972:Jean Riboud
1817:Ganda Singh
1797:Marie Seton
1736:Umrao Singh
1539:Vainu Bappu
1466:(incumbent)
1435:(incumbent)
1266:(incumbent)
1258:Rajiv Gauba
1248:L. C. Goyal
1238:R. K. Singh
1220:Anil Baijal
1210:Kamal Pande
1195:N. N. Vohra
1115:L. P. Singh
837:Departments
784:Gopal Singh
731:21 December
509:S.B. Chavan
396:Arjun Singh
313:Mizo Accord
300:during the
232:Preceded by
196:Gopal Singh
179:Preceded by
2294:Categories
2205:Russi Mody
2139:Renuka Ray
1686:Prem Nazir
1569:Mrinal Sen
1377:Buta Singh
1352:Zail Singh
1155:Prem Kumar
636:References
563:V.P. Singh
485:Bangladesh
447:Bhajan Lal
428:Chandigarh
356:Arun Nehru
352:Buta Singh
237:Prem Kumar
71:newspapers
2279:2020โ2029
2274:2010โ2019
2269:2000โ2009
2264:1990โ1999
2259:1980โ1989
2254:1970โ1979
2249:1960โ1969
2244:1954โ1959
1952:Ela Bhatt
1676:V. G. Jog
1432:Amit Shah
1105:B. N. Jha
1100:A. V. Pai
481:agitating
451:Bansi Lal
376:Khalistan
372:Akali Dal
212:In office
159:In office
101:June 2011
533:Laldenga
337:Bhiwandi
311:and the
149:2nd
1014:Bureaus
631:, 1987.
479:, were
85:scholar
680:16 May
618:Awards
368:Punjab
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
489:Nepal
475:like
473:Assam
202:15th
92:JSTOR
78:books
2158:1989
2082:1988
2016:1987
1940:1986
1836:1985
1745:1984
1659:1983
1583:1982
1532:1981
1516:1980
733:2023
682:2014
487:and
477:AASU
388:Sikh
350:and
272:Died
264:Born
64:news
627:on
438:IAS
47:by
2296::
723:.
701:^
358:.
1500:e
1493:t
1486:v
815:e
808:t
801:v
735:.
684:.
663:.
613:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:ยท
82:ยท
75:ยท
68:ยท
41:.
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