Hedonism - Knowledge

749:. A pleasure is disinterested if it is indifferent to the existence of the beautiful object or if it did not arise due to an antecedent desire through means-end reasoning. For example, the joy of looking at a beautiful landscape would still be valuable if it turned out that this experience was an illusion, which would not be true if this joy was due to seeing the landscape as a valuable real estate opportunity. Opponents of hedonism usually concede that many experiences of beauty are pleasurable but deny that this is true for all cases. For example, a cold jaded critic may still be a good judge of beauty due to his years of experience but lack the joy that initially accompanied his work. One way to avoid this objection is to allow responses to beautiful things to lack pleasure while insisting that all beautiful things merit pleasure, that aesthetic pleasure is the only appropriate response to them. 961:

intellect; the Cyrenaics denied the validity of this distinction and said that bodily pleasures, being more simple and more intense, were preferable. Momentary pleasure, preferably of a physical kind, is the only good for humans. However some actions which give immediate pleasure can create more than their equivalent of pain. The wise person should be in control of pleasures rather than be enslaved to them, otherwise pain will result, and this requires judgement to evaluate the different pleasures of life. Regard should be paid to law and custom, because even though these things have no intrinsic value on their own, violating them will lead to unpleasant penalties being imposed by others. Likewise, friendship and justice are useful because of the pleasure they provide. Thus the Cyrenaics believed in the hedonistic value of social obligation and altruistic behaviour.

586:'s position, who suggests along similar lines that the right thing to do for most people living in developed countries would be to donate a significant portion of their income to charities, which appears overly demanding to many. Singer justifies his position by pointing out that the suffering that can be avoided in third world countries this way considerably outweighs the pleasure gained from how the money would be spent otherwise. Another common objection to utilitarianism is that it disregards the personal nature of moral duties, for example, that it may be more important to promote the happiness of others close to each individual person, such as family and friends, even if the alternative course of actions would result in slightly more happiness for a stranger. 547:

matter and that, through them, humans ought to make the world a better place. On the negative side, consequentialism would entail that humans rarely if ever know right from wrong since human knowledge of the future is rather limited and the consequences of even simple actions may be vast. As a form of hedonism, it has some initial intuitive appeal since pleasure and pain seem to be relevant to how people should act. But it has been argued that it is morally objectionable to see pleasure and pain as the only factors relevant to what humans should do since this position seems to ignore, for example, values of justice, friendship and truth. Ethical hedonism is usually concerned with both pleasure and pain. But the more restricted version in the form of

459: 957:(for instance, that one is having a sweet sensation), but can know nothing about the nature of the objects that cause these sensations (for instance, that honey is sweet). They also denied that people can have knowledge of what the experiences of other people are like. All knowledge is immediate sensation. These sensations are motions that are purely subjective, and are painful, indifferent or pleasant, according as they are violent, tranquil or gentle. Further, they are entirely individual and can in no way be described as constituting absolute objective knowledge. Feeling, therefore, is the only possible criterion of knowledge and of conduct. 521:

explanation for all behavior is highly controversial. Critics point to counterexamples involving actions that seem to have no plausible explanation in terms of pleasure, such as egoistic motives for things other than pleasure (e.g. health, self-improvement, post-mortem fame), and altruistic motives (e.g. pursuing one's child's happiness, sacrificing one's life for a greater cause). Psychological hedonists reinterpret such cases in terms of pleasure-seeking behavior, for example positing that seeing one's children happy or knowing that one's death will have been meaningful brings pleasure to the person sacrificing their immediate pleasure.

1459: 686:. Nozick asks whether people would agree to be permanently transported into a simulated reality more pleasurable than actual life. He thinks that it is rational to decline this offer since other things besides pleasure matter. This has to do with the fact that it matters to be in touch with reality and to actually "make a difference in the world" instead of just appearing to do so since life would be meaningless otherwise. Axiological hedonists have responded to this thought experiment by pointing out that human intuitions about what people should do are mistaken, for example, that there is a 495:

phenomenon. This has been put into question, mainly due to the wide variety of pleasure experiences which seem to have no one shared feature in common. One way open to quality theorists to respond to this objection is by pointing out that the hedonic tone of pleasure-experiences is not a regular quality but a higher-order quality. Attitude theories have an easier way to reply to this argument since they may hold that it is the same type of attitude, often identified with desire, that is common to all pleasurable experiences.

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things in terms of instrumental values. So, for example, virtue is good because it tends to increase the overall pleasure of the virtuous person or of the people around them. This can be paired with holding that there is a psychological bias to mistake stable instrumental values for intrinsic values, thus explaining the opponent's intuition. While this strategy may work for some cases, it is controversial whether it can be applied to all counterexamples.

650:, hold that the specific content or quality of a pleasure-experience is not relevant to its value, which only depends on its quantitative features: intensity and duration. For example, on this account, an experience of intense pleasure of indulging in food and sex is worth more than an experience of subtle pleasure of looking at fine art or of engaging in a stimulating intellectual conversation. Qualitative hedonists, following 1025:) through knowledge of the workings of the world and the limits of desires. The combination of these two states is supposed to constitute happiness in its highest form. Although Epicureanism is a form of hedonism, insofar as it declares pleasure as the sole intrinsic good, its conception of absence of pain as the greatest pleasure and its advocacy of a simple life make it different from "hedonism" as it is commonly understood. 1029: 1703:. Nozick asks to hypothetically imagine a machine that will allow humans to experience whatever people want—if a person wants to experience making friends, the machine will give this to its user. Nozick claims that by hedonistic logic, people should remain in this machine for the rest of their lives. However, he gives three reasons why this is not a preferable scenario: firstly, because people want to 1472: 1045:. He argued that when eating, one should not eat too richly, for it could lead to dissatisfaction later, such as the grim realization that one could not afford such delicacies in the future. Likewise, sex could lead to increased lust and dissatisfaction with the sexual partner. Epicurus did not articulate a broad system of social ethics that has survived but had a unique version of the 6447: 1624:-inducing accident, studies suggest that we are typically neither more nor less unhappy than we were before the catastrophic event. Unfortunately, attempts to build an ideal society can't overcome this biological ceiling, whether utopias of the left or right, free-market or socialist, religious or secular, futuristic high-tech or simply cultivating one's garden. Even if 904: 1319:) have an easier access to the simpler pleasures; since they do not see other aspects of life, they can simply indulge in their lower pleasures. The more elaborate beings tend to spend more thought on other matters and hence lessen the time for simple pleasure. It is therefore more difficult for them to indulge in such "simple pleasures" in the same manner. 737:. Pure pleasure excludes any form of pain or unpleasant feeling while the experience of mixed pleasure can include unpleasant elements. But beauty can involve mixed pleasure, for example, in the case of a beautifully tragic story, which is why mixed pleasure is usually allowed in aesthetic hedonist conceptions of beauty. 726:, i.e. the issue whether something is beautiful because it is enjoyed or whether it is enjoyed because it is beautiful. Identity theorists solve this problem by denying that there is a difference between beauty and pleasure: they identify beauty, or the appearance of it, with the experience of aesthetic pleasure. 546:

since it determines the rightness of an action based on its consequences, which are measured here in terms of pleasure and pain. As such, it is subject to the main arguments in favor and against consequentialism. On the positive side, these include the intuition that the consequences of human actions

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Critics also contend that, via introspection, one can conclude that the pursuit of pleasure is only one type of motivating force among others and that reinterpreting every case in terms of pleasure/pain contradicts this. Critics also contend that psychological hedonism's basic claim of what motivates

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theorized that a person's ego was the primary impulse in determining their behavior. Human actions rely on beliefs about what causes pleasure. False beliefs may mislead and thus each person's actions may fail to result in pleasure, but even failed actions are motivated by considerations of pleasure,

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try to determine what all these pleasurable experiences have in common, and what is essential to them. They are traditionally divided into quality theories and attitude theories. Quality theories hold that pleasure is a quality of pleasurable experiences themselves while attitude theories state that

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will be able to reprogram their motivations in an arbitrary manner (to get pleasure from any programmed activity). And if pleasure principle postulates are true, then general direction of civilization development is obvious: maximization of integral happiness in posthuman life (product of life span

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abolish suffering, or at least not on its own, is socio-economic reform, or exponential economic growth, or technological progress in the usual sense, or any of the traditional panaceas for solving the world's ills. Improving the external environment is admirable and important; but such improvement

1299:. Bentham believed that the value of a pleasure could be quantitatively understood. Essentially, he believed the value of pleasure to be its intensity multiplied by its duration—so it was not just the number of pleasures, but their intensity and how long they lasted that must be taken into account. 695:

suggests in a famous thought experiment that a world consisting only of a beautiful landscape is better than an ugly and disgusting world even if there is no conscious being to observe and enjoy or suffer either world. One way for the axiological hedonist to respond is to explain the value of these

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of intrinsic value or that there are no intrinsically valuable things other than pleasure. Opponents in the first category usually try to point to cases of pleasure that seem to either lack value or have negative value, like sadistic pleasure or pleasure due to a false belief. Qualitative hedonists

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The plausibility of the various versions of hedonism is affected by how the nature of pleasure is conceived. An important appeal of most forms of hedonism is that they are able to give a simple and unified account of their respective fields. But this is only possible if pleasure itself is a unified

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enhanced humans will still be prey to the spectrum of Darwinian emotions, ranging from terrible suffering to petty disappointments and frustrations – sadness, anxiety, jealousy, existential angst. Their biology is part of "what it means to be human". Subjectively unpleasant states of consciousness

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In opposition to the ascetic ideal advocated by the dominant school of thought, hedonism suggests identifying the highest good with your own pleasure and that of others; the one must never be indulged at the expense of sacrificing the other. Obtaining this balance – my pleasure at the same time as

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that traditional futurists have asked for is delivered – eternal youth, unlimited material wealth, morphological freedom, superintelligence, immersive VR, molecular nanotechnology, etc – there is no evidence that our subjective quality of life would on average significantly surpass the quality of

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Cyrenaicism deduces a single, universal aim for all people: pleasure. Furthermore, all feeling is momentary and homogeneous; past and future pleasure have no real existence for us, and that among present pleasures there is no distinction of kind. Socrates had spoken of the higher pleasures of the

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pain is equally implied in these discussions. Both pleasure and pain come in degrees and have been thought of as a dimension going from positive degrees through a neutral point to negative degrees. The term "happiness" is often used in this tradition to refer to the balance of pleasure over pain.

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Pleasure plays a central role in all forms of hedonism; it refers to experience that feels good and involves the enjoyment of something. Pleasure contrasts with pain or suffering, which are forms of feeling bad. Discussions within hedonism usually focus more on pleasure, but as its negative side,

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The Cyrenaics taught that the only intrinsic good is pleasure, which meant not just the absence of pain, but positively enjoyable momentary sensations. Of these, physical ones are stronger than those of anticipation or memory. They did, however, recognize the value of social obligation, and that

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in criticism of pleasure as the sole bearer of value: he imagined two worlds—one of exceeding beauty and the other a heap of filth. Neither of these worlds will be experienced by anyone. The question then is if it is better for the beautiful world to exist than the heap of filth. In this, Moore

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to prefer the status quo and that if people were to find out that people had spent human life already within the experience machine, people would be likely to choose to stay within the machine. Another objection within this category is that many things besides pleasure seem valuable to us, like

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One appeal of axiological hedonism is that it provides a simple and unified account of what matters. It also reflects the introspective insight that pleasure feels valuable as something worth seeking. It has been influential throughout the history of western philosophy but has received a lot of

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In the Epicurean view, the highest pleasure (tranquility and freedom from fear) was obtained by knowledge, friendship and living a virtuous and temperate life. He lauded the enjoyment of simple pleasures, by which he meant abstaining from bodily desires, such as sex and appetites, verging on

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Psychological hedonism gives a straightforward theory explaining the totality of human behavior. It has intuitive plausibility because pleasure-seeking behavior is a common phenomenon, and may indeed dominate human conduct at times; however, the generalization of psychological hedonism as an

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Russian physicist and philosopher Victor Argonov argues that hedonism is not only a philosophical but also a verifiable scientific hypothesis. In 2014, he suggested "postulates of pleasure principle," the confirmation of which would lead to a new scientific discipline known as hedodynamics.

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In everyday language, the term "pleasure" is primarily associated with sensory pleasures like the enjoyment of food or sex. But in its most general sense, it includes all types of positive or pleasant experiences including the enjoyment of sports, seeing a beautiful sunset or engaging in an

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can try to account for these cases by devaluing pleasures associated with the problematic qualities. Other ways to respond to this argument include rejecting the claim that these pleasures really have no or negative intrinsic value or rejecting that these cases involve pleasure at all.

578:", are more respectable in the philosophical community. They hold that the agent should maximize the sum-total of everyone's happiness. This sum-total includes the agent's pleasure as well, but only as one factor among many. A common objection against utilitarianism is that it is too 1193:

My shortest summary of it is: God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in Him. Or: The chief end of man is to glorify God by enjoying Him forever. Does Christian Hedonism make a god out of pleasure? No. It says that we all make a god out of what we take most pleasure

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life of our hunter-gatherer ancestors – or a New Guinea tribesman today – in the absence of reward pathway enrichment. This claim is difficult to prove in the absence of sophisticated neuroscanning; but objective indices of psychological distress e.g. suicide rates, bear it out.

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to something else. For example, tools like cars or microwaves are said to be instrumentally valuable in virtue of the function they perform, while the happiness they cause is intrinsically valuable. Axiological hedonism is a claim about intrinsic value, not about value at large.

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Many other aspects of posthuman society could be predicted by hedodynamics if the neural correlate of pleasure were discovered. For example, the optimal number of individuals, their optimal body size (whether it matters for happiness or not) and the degree of aggression.

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Hedodynamics would be able to forecast the distant future development of human civilization and even the probable structure and psychology of other rational beings within the universe. In order to build such a theory, science must discover the neural correlate of

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above a genetically constrained ceiling. Twin studies confirm there is a heritable set-point of well-being – or ill-being – around which we all tend to fluctuate over the course of a lifetime. This set-point varies between individuals. It's possible to

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Ethical hedonism or normative hedonism, as defined here, is the thesis that considerations of increasing pleasure and decreasing pain determine what people should do or which action is right. However, it is sometimes defined in a wider sense in terms of

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For this, he has "written books on each of these facets of the same world view." His philosophy aims for "micro-revolutions", or "revolutions of the individual and small groups of like-minded people who live by his hedonistic, libertarian values."

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or aesthetic value can be defined in terms of pleasure, e.g. that for an object to be beautiful is for it to cause pleasure or that the experience of beauty is always accompanied by pleasure. A prominent articulation of this position comes from

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certain things, as opposed to merely experience them; secondly, people want to be a certain kind of person, as opposed to an 'indeterminate blob' and thirdly, because such a thing would limit their experiences to only what people can imagine.

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gave the following advice: "Fill your belly. Day and night make merry. Let days be full of joy. Dance and make music day and night.... These things alone are the concern of men." This may represent the first recorded advocacy of a hedonistic

654:, object to this version on the grounds that it threatens to turn axiological hedonism into a "philosophy of swine". Instead, they argue that the quality is another factor relevant to the value of a pleasure-experience, for example, that the 1634:

exist because they were genetically adaptive. Each of our core emotions had a distinct signalling role in our evolutionary past: they tended to promote behaviours that enhanced the inclusive fitness of our genes in the ancestral environment.

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explains this pleasure through a harmonious interplay between the faculties of understanding and imagination. A further question for aesthetic hedonists is how to explain the relation between beauty and pleasure. This problem is akin to the

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argued that hedonism plays a role in Islamic ethics and teachings, in which worldly pleasures such as military interests and the "acquisition of booty" are emphasised. According to Weber, Islam is the polar opposite of ascetic puritanism.

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Psychological hedonism, also known as motivational hedonism, is an empirical theory about what motivates us: it states that all actions by humans aim at increasing pleasure and avoiding pain. This is usually understood in combination with

1403:. He defines hedonism "as an introspective attitude to life based on taking pleasure yourself and pleasuring others, without harming yourself or anyone else." Onfray's philosophical project is to define an ethical hedonism, a joyous 740:

Another problem faced by aesthetic hedonist theories is that people are known to have taken pleasure from many things that are not beautiful. One way to address this issue is to associate beauty with a special type of pleasure:

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and average happiness). Posthumans will avoid constant pleasure stimulation, because it is incompatible with rational behavior required to prolong life. However, they can become on average much happier than modern humans.

610:, which holds that pleasure and pain are the only constituents of well-being and thereby the only things that are good for someone. Central to the understanding of axiological hedonism is the distinction between 1053:

It is impossible to live a pleasant life without living wisely and well and justly (agreeing "neither to harm nor be harmed"), and it is impossible to live wisely and well and justly without living a pleasant

582:. This is most pronounced in cases where the agent has to sacrifice his own happiness in order to promote someone else's happiness. For example, various commentators have directed this argument against 1274:. Conjoining hedonism—as a view as to what is good for people—to utilitarianism has the result that all action should be directed toward achieving the greatest total amount of happiness (measured via 729:

Aesthetic hedonists usually restrict and specify the notion of pleasure in various ways in order to avoid obvious counterexamples. One important distinction in this context is the difference between

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an individual's hedonic set-point by inflicting prolonged uncontrolled stress; but even this re-set is not as easy as it sounds: suicide-rates typically go down in wartime; and six months after a

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Various thought experiments have been proposed for the second category, i.e. that there are intrinsically valuable things other than pleasure. The most well-known one in recent philosophy is

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Rodriguez-Iturbe, Bernardo, Freddy Romero, and Richard J. Johnson. "Pathophysiological mechanisms of salt-dependent hypertension." American journal of kidney diseases 50.4 (2007): 655–672.

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by giving a central role to happiness. It is an ethical theory holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes the overall good of the society. It is thus one form of

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that explores how to use the brain's and the body's capacities to their fullest extent—while restoring philosophy to a useful role in art, politics, and everyday life and decisions."

1315:. Mill believed that there can be different levels of pleasure—higher quality pleasure is better than lower quality pleasure. Mill also argues that simpler beings (he often refers to 574:, dictating that each agent has no moral obligation beyond their own pleasure. This position is usually not held in very high esteem. Altruist theories, commonly known by the term " 1013:—about whom very little is known—Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to seek modest, sustainable "pleasure" in the form of a state of tranquility and freedom from fear ( 1395:

A dedicated contemporary hedonist philosopher and writer on the history of hedonistic thought is the French Michel Onfray, who has written two books directly on the subject,

1426:, wine, and writing. His most ambitious project is his projected six-volume Counter-history of Philosophy" (which has been extended, with 12 volumes as of 2020). For Onfray: 3526:

Companion Encyclopaedia of Hindu Philosophy: An Exposition of the Principle [sic] Religio-philosophical Systems and an Examination of Different Schools of Thought

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concerns the thesis that pleasure-seeking behavior is self-defeating in the sense that it results in less actual pleasure than would result from following other motives.

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to eliminate all forms of unpleasant experience among human and non-human animals, replacing suffering with gradients of well-being, a project he refers to as "

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is a theorist of this perspective who believes and promotes the idea that there exists a strong ethical imperative for humans to work towards the abolition of

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is determined by its resulting outcome. The most influential contributors to this theory are considered to be the 18th and 19th-century British philosophers

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humans falls within the realm of the science of psychology rather than philosophy, and as such demands experimental evidence to confirm or contradict it.

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is its most known Roman proponent. By the end of the Roman Empire, having undergone Christian attack and repression, Epicureanism had all but died out.

393:, encompassing both sensory pleasure and more intellectual or personal pursuits, but can also be used in everyday parlance as a pejorative for the 2537: 3224: 2554: 4250: 931:, the birthplace of Aristippus and where he began teaching. It was one of the earliest Socratic schools. The school died out within a century. 6500: 3935: 1431:

the pleasure of others – presumes that we approach the subject from different angles – political, ethical, aesthetic, erotic, bioethical,

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criticism in contemporary philosophy. Most objections can roughly be divided into 2 types: (1) objections to the claim that pleasure is a

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have both argued against such an objection by saying that it only provides an answer to certain forms of hedonism, and ignores others.

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L'invention du plaisir. : Fragments cyrénaïques Le Livre de Poche Biblio: Amazon.es: Michel Onfray: Libros en idiomas extranjeros

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to the Christian doctrine. The medieval Church used allegations of hedonism against some dissenters such as the twelfth-century

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Within the scope of axiological hedonism, there are two competing theories about the exact relation between pleasure and value:

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claims that pursuing pleasure and avoiding pain for oneself or others are the ultimate expressions of ethical good. Applied to

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to present in one unified work the core arguments and theories of Epicureanism. Many of the papyrus scrolls unearthed at the

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implied that states of affairs have value beyond conscious pleasure, which he said spoke against the validity of hedonism.

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Critics of hedonism have objected to its exclusive concentration on pleasure as valuable or that the retentive breadth of

4333: 538:, in which case it includes axiological hedonism as defined below. It is different from psychological hedonism since it 4728: 1342: 923:, although many of the principles of the school are believed to have been formalized by his grandson of the same name, 361: 5785: 3638: 1369:(published a "Hedonist manifesto" in 1990). Dan Haybron has distinguished between psychological, ethical, welfare and 846:

is "an abnormal, excessive, and persistent fear of pleasure." The condition of being unable to experience pleasure is

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Onfray's works "have explored the philosophical resonances and components of (and challenges to) science, painting,

1147:) schools of thought on the basis that it is inherently egoistic and therefore detrimental to spiritual liberation. 6342: 1070:; later many Epicurean societies flourished in the Late Hellenistic era and during the Roman era (such as those in 491:

pleasure is in some sense external to the experience since it depends on the subject's attitude to the experience.

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of intrinsic value or that all pleasure is intrinsically valuable; (2) objections to the claim that pleasure is a

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or what is good for someone, it is the thesis that pleasure and suffering are the only components of well-being.

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in one's lifestyle, actions, or thoughts. The term can include a number of theories or practices across

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Ethical hedonist theories can vary in relation to whose pleasure is held within the circle of concern.

140: 100: 4433: 6510: 6490: 6254: 4466: 4456: 1713: 1572: 1066:. Epicurus and his followers shunned politics. After the death of Epicurus, his school was headed by 548: 31: 2630: 1280:). Though consistent in their pursuit of happiness, Bentham and Mill's versions of hedonism differ. 6357: 5920: 5170: 5010: 5007: 4733: 4567: 4552: 3349: 943: 595: 4290: 1358: 155: 6515: 5935: 5876: 5829: 5687: 5650: 5018: 4933: 4923: 4847: 4713: 4685: 4202: 2509: 1978: 1530: 1182: 1095: 866: 579: 552: 6068: 6000: 5080: 4918: 4496: 4471: 4461: 4355: 2474: 1760: 1522: 1458: 924: 354: 283: 183: 115: 3029:

Smart, J. J. C.; Williams, Bernard (1973). "3. Hedonistic and non-hedonistic utilitarianism".

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referred to "a future enjoyment of Him in heaven." Already in the 17th century, the atomist

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Utilitarianism, Hedonism, and Desert: Essays in Moral Philosophy. Cambridge University Press

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The Demandingness Objection to Peter Singer's Account of Our Obligations to the World's Poor

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Pleasure and the Good Life: Concerning the Nature, Varieties, and Plausibility of Hedonism.

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Pleasure and the Good Life: Concerning the Nature, Varieties, and Plausibility of Hedonism.

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The Cyrenaics were a hedonist Greek school of philosophy founded in the 4th century BC by

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rather than describes human behavior. In the narrow sense, ethical hedonism is a form of

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of Cyrene, who held the idea that pleasure is the highest good and later was revived by

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focuses only on reducing suffering. Ethical hedonism is said to have been started by

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within human society but also to alleviate the suffering of animals in the wild.

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are Epicurean texts. At least some are thought to have belonged to the Epicurean

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Some writings by Epicurus have survived. Some scholars consider the epic poem

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is psychologically determined by desires to increase pleasure and to decrease

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What Is the Difference Between Weak Negative and Non-Negative Ethical Views?

717:, who treats beauty as "that which pleases in the very apprehension of it". 6104: 6094: 6053: 6033: 5805: 5768: 5727: 5613: 5563: 5224: 5202: 5180: 5127: 5095: 4967: 4827: 4738: 4534: 2499: 1725: 1709: 1653: 1621: 1568: 1564: 1214: 970: 946: 839: 583: 413: 208: 165: 2521:

Mayerfeld, Jamie. 1996. "The Moral Asymmetry of Happiness and Suffering."

6099: 6038: 5910: 5890: 5795: 5732: 5692: 5672: 5598: 5568: 5229: 5165: 4857: 4842: 4718: 4708: 4657: 4623: 4562: 4303: 4124: 1684: 1412: 1218: 1108: 1046: 998: 692: 4231:"Elements and Types of Utilitarianism: Hedonism and Theories of Welfare" 5945: 5773: 5722: 5712: 5583: 5487: 5432: 5239: 5219: 5085: 4852: 4766: 4595: 4542: 4506: 4410: 3209: 3115: 3068: 2808: 2776: 1730: 1552: 1419: 1387: 1255: 1130: 1112: 1075: 1067: 1042: 1010: 1002: 980: 954: 881: 705: 607: 556: 429: 390: 382: 258: 120: 4000: 3788: 3316: 3192: 3164: 3030: 2840: 2823: 2705: 2063: 1972: 5960: 5955: 5815: 5742: 5677: 5548: 5482: 5294: 5284: 5279: 5254: 5050: 4610: 4572: 2268: 1745: 1660: 1584: 1544: 1540: 1423: 1408: 1328: 1254:

Utilitarianism addresses problems with moral motivation neglected by

1236: 1144: 1100: 1087: 1059: 1006: 898: 848: 463: 288: 263: 229: 203: 125: 5185: 4348: 3333: 3099: 2974: 2792: 2759: 2688: 2657: 2409: 2290: 2262: 2210: 2171: 2132: 2112: 2024: 5790: 5697: 5662: 5620: 5608: 5396: 5190: 5090: 5033: 4837: 4791: 4675: 3315:

Levinson, Jerrold (2003). "Philosophical Aesthetics: An Overview".

2910: 1677: 1432: 1134: 1083: 1063: 1033: 1015: 974: 936: 916: 508:, i.e. that each person only aims at their happiness. For example, 476: 378: 278: 253: 198: 150: 95: 80: 4234: 2884: 1652:

parameter unambiguously corresponding to the feeling of pleasure (

953:. They thought that people can know with certainty only immediate 5417: 5391: 5386: 5328: 5323: 5155: 5043: 5038: 4997: 4819: 4665: 4547: 4371: 3820: 3390: 1071: 1028: 995: 794: 223: 4210:

Utilitarianism, Hedonism, and Desert: Essays in Moral Philosophy

2687:

Bykvist, Krister (2009). "7. Is utilitarianism too demanding?".

1974:

The Pursuit of Unhappiness: The Elusive Psychology of Well-Being

1823: 5682: 5603: 5333: 4992: 4982: 4680: 4582: 4105: 3250: 2343:

Social Psychology, Past and Present: An Integrative Orientation

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Salters-Nuffield Advanced Biology for Edexcel A2 Biology 2009.

1235:

German sociologist, historian, jurist and political economist

397:

pursuit of short-term gratification at the expense of others.

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A History of Ancient Philosophy: From the Origins to Socrates

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There are two somewhat basic schools of thought on hedonism.

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Socrates and Hedonism: "Protagoras" 351b-358d Donald J.ZEYL

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Aesthetic hedonism is the influential view in the field of

447: 273: 4283: 2706:"The Most Good You Can Do: A Response to the Commentaries" 2631:"The History of Utilitarianism: 2. The Classical Approach" 817:, 'pleasant to the taste or smell, sweet') or 594:

Axiological hedonism is the thesis that only pleasure has

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as either unnecessary or harmful. Famous proponents are

3803:"Manifeste hédoniste: Amazon.fr: Michel Onfray: Livres" 2761:

The Life You Can Save: Acting Now to Stop World Poverty

4074: 3378:. Vol. 2. Практична філософія. pp. 184–185. 2777:"Utilitarian Morality and the Personal Point of View" 1587:

descendants, have a responsibility not only to avoid

2367: 949:, reducing logic to a basic doctrine concerning the 4262:

L'invention du plaisir : fragments cyréaniques

4079:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 46–56. 1198:Piper states his term may describe the theology of 822: 812: 780: 774: 691:virtue, beauty, knowledge or justice. For example, 602:or value hedonism, and it is sometimes included in 4236:Introduction to Utilitarianism: An Online Textbook 4075:Singer, Peter; de Lazari-Radek, Katarzyna (2017). 2941: 2658:"Utilitarianism, Contractualism and Demandingness" 4273:La puissance d'exister : Manifeste hédoniste 3596: 3529:. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. 2002. p. 252. 3266: 3264: 3217: 2842:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition 2747:. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University. 2446: 2333: 2292:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition 2114:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition 1695:Perhaps the most famous objection to hedonism is 1525:in all sentient life through the use of advanced 1401:La puissance d'exister : Manifeste hédoniste 1333:An extreme form of hedonism that views moral and 6477: 3938:. Revista do Instituto Humanitas Unisinos. 2011. 3936:"Criação animal intensiva. Um outro Holocausto?" 3279:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2003:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 1391:Michel Onfray, contemporary hedonist philosopher 3724:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (1998). 3562: 3560: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3325: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 2864:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 2839:Borchert, Donald M. (2006). "Intrinsic Value". 2637:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 2610:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 2455:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 2087:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 2025:"An Honest Look at Hybrid Theories of Pleasure" 1920:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 4024: 3998: 3896:"The Hedonistic Imperative: Table Of Contents" 3637:Banu, U. A. B. Razia Akter (4 February 1992). 3261: 2975:"If You Like It, Does It Matter If It's Real?" 1447: 1062:, though later it became the main opponent of 4395: 3842:"Introductory Note to Onfray by Doug Ireland" 3046: 3044: 3042: 3028: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2211:"The Reduction of Sensory Pleasure to Desire" 1492:. Consider transferring direct quotations to 1397:L'invention du plaisir: fragments cyréaniques 355: 3836: 3834: 3557: 3474: 3413: 3173: 3136: 2559:. Oxford University Press. 27 January 2022. 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2133:"The Distinctive Feeling Theory of Pleasure" 1353:Contemporary proponents of hedonism include 3906: 3492: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3447: 3445: 3388: 2380:. Cambridge University Press. p. 156. 2106: 2104: 2102: 1137:school. However, Hedonism is criticized by 1058:Epicureanism was originally a challenge to 887: 4402: 4388: 4249:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4169: 3590:A treatise concerning religious affections 3499:. Cambridge University Press. p. 134. 3436: 3407: 3050: 3039: 2299: 2126: 2124: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1348: 994:), founded around 307 BC. Epicurus was an 362: 348: 4225: 4144: 4077:Utilitarianism: A Very Short Introduction 3831: 3480: 3424: 3321:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–24. 3208: 3190: 3162: 3005: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2855: 2849: 2822:Honderich, Ted (2005). "good-in-itself". 2821: 2743:Kanygina, Yuliya (2011). "Introduction". 2690:Utilitarianism: A Guide for the Perplexed 2275: 2208: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1547:life. His book-length internet manifesto 1123:The concept of hedonism is also found in 827:, 'delight, pleasure') + suffix 513:according to psychological hedonism. The 498: 453: 4170:Reale, Giovanni; Catan, John R. (1986), 3609:. Harvard University Press. p. 54. 3457: 3442: 3373: 3314: 3308: 3270: 3057:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 3035:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2838: 2742: 2373: 2288: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2110: 2099: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1457: 1386: 1133:) schools of Hinduism, for instance the 1027: 902: 860: 457: 27:Theory or practice prioritizing pleasure 4342:Manifesto of the Hedonist International 3277:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3197:Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 2972: 2862:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2686: 2635:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2608:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2453:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2339: 2130: 2121: 2085:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2065:The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology 2022: 2001:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1990: 1988: 1970: 1918:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1602:, 'Happiness Conference', Pearce said: 1462:David Pearce, transhumanist philosopher 658:of the body are less valuable than the 589: 14: 6478: 4370:& Richard Yetter-Chappell (2021), 4346: 3752: 3690:"Who's afraid of the Marquis de Sade?" 3602: 2939: 2928: 2911:"John Stuart Mill: ii. Basic Argument" 2757: 2703: 2628: 2601: 2007: 1957: 1778: 1169:circles, particularly in those of the 983:based upon the teachings of Epicurus ( 6141: 4883: 4421: 4383: 4322: 4123: 4020: 4018: 3672: 3468: 3451: 3331: 3011: 2885:"Jeremy Bentham: 4. Moral Philosophy" 2774: 2655: 2407: 2289:Borchert, Donald (2006). "Hedonism". 2260: 2241: 2169: 2163: 2111:Borchert, Donald (2006). "Pleasure". 2061: 1994: 1911: 1483:too many or overly lengthy quotations 1262:, meaning that the moral worth of an 699: 6501:Philosophical schools and traditions 4220:What Is This Thing Called Happiness? 4031:Questions of Philosophy (In Russian) 3740:Oxford University Press and (1997). 3657: 3636: 3335:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3137:Matthen, Mohan; Weinstein, Zachary. 3100:"Aesthetic Hedonism and Its Critics" 3097: 3012:Moore, George Edward (1903). "§50". 2410:"Explaining the Paradox of Hedonism" 2264:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2078: 2062:Lopez, Shane J. (2009). "Pleasure". 2055: 1985: 1866: 1465: 1118: 646:. Quantitative hedonists, following 486:intellectually satisfying activity. 4334:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4005:Journal of Evolution and Technology 3514:tranls. by Robert Drew Hicks (1925) 3395:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3255:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3248: 2915:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2889:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2585:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics 2481:. The University of Texas at Austin 2346:. Taylor & Francis. p. 6. 2172:"The Feels Good Theory of Pleasure" 2072: 1828:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1821: 942:The Cyrenaics were known for their 855: 570:forms of hedonism can overlap with 528: 24: 4189: 4015: 3687: 3606:Women, Islam, and Abbasid Identity 3166:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy 2948:. New York: Basic Books. pp. 2825:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy 2447:Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter (2019). 2414:Australasian Journal of Philosophy 2377:Hobbes and the Two Faces of Ethics 2261:Craig, Edward (1996). "Hedonism". 1583:, Pearce believes that humans, or 1343:John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester 892: 793:, 'pleasure'), which is a 598:. It has also been referred to as 412:is the claim that pleasure is the 25: 6532: 4316: 3318:The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics 3163:Honderich, Ted (2005). "Beauty". 2908: 2882: 2758:Singer, Peter (2009). "Preface". 1243: 927:. The school was so called after 6459: 6458: 6445: 3916:. H+ Magazine. 16 September 2009 3332:Craig, Edward (1996). "Beauty". 2582:, ed. "Hedonism." pp. 567–68 in 2556:Nothing: A Philosophical History 1712:, a hedonistic utilitarian, and 1470: 1376: 1365:, and Spanish ethic philosopher 1165:has also been a concept in some 377:refers to the prioritization of 4150:A History of Philosophy: Book 1 4068: 4050: 4041: 3992: 3967: 3942: 3928: 3888: 3870: 3852: 3813: 3795: 3773: 3746: 3727: 3714: 3696: 3681: 3666: 3630: 3578: 3543: 3517: 3503: 3486: 3430: 3401: 3389:O'Keefe, Tim (6 October 2019). 3382: 3367: 3342: 3283: 3242: 3156: 3130: 3091: 3032:Utilitarianism: For and Against 3022: 2966: 2902: 2876: 2832: 2815: 2768: 2751: 2736: 2697: 2680: 2649: 2622: 2595: 2573: 2547: 2530: 2515: 2493: 2467: 2440: 2401: 2202: 1756:Pleasure principle (psychology) 1638: 1150: 964: 838:Opposite to hedonism, there is 4409: 4373:Introduction to Utilitarianism 3675:"Who Was the Marquis de Sade?" 3193:"Aesthetic Pleasure Explained" 3098:Berg, Servaas Van der (2020). 2674:10.1111/j.1467-9213.2009.609.x 2524:Southern Journal of Philosophy 1932: 1841: 1517:The Abolitionist Society is a 1322: 1019:) and absence of bodily pain ( 935:pleasure could be gained from 13: 1: 6142: 3975:"Victor Argonov – PhilPeople" 2722:10.1080/17449626.2016.1191523 2426:10.1080/00048402.2018.1483409 1766: 984: 5931:Ordinary language philosophy 4422: 4146:Copleston, Frederick Charles 3511:Epicurus Principal Doctrines 3350:"Definition of Hedonophobia" 1771: 1671: 1596:Future of Humanity Institute 1161:Ethical hedonism as part of 1001:, following in the steps of 979:Epicureanism is a system of 787: 757: 469:Frederick William MacMonnies 7: 5981:Contemporary utilitarianism 5896:Internalism and externalism 4347:Dolson, Grace Neal (1920). 4131:, Oxford University Press, 3053:"On Liking Aesthetic Value" 2973:Brigard, Felipe De (2010). 2604:"Egoism: 2. Ethical Egoism" 1971:Haybron, Daniel M. (2008). 1719: 1529:. Their core philosophy is 1448:Abolitionism (David Pearce) 1291:One school, grouped around 86:Julien Offray de La Mettrie 10: 6537: 5245:Svatantrika and Prasangika 4884: 4309:The Picture of Dorian Gray 4299:Edinburgh University Press 4214:Cambridge University Press 4097: 3950:"The Abolitionist Project" 3753:Guisán, Esperanza (1990). 3271:Sartwell, Crispin (2017). 3191:De Clercq, Rafael (2019). 3169:. Oxford University Press. 3051:Gorodeisky, Keren (2019). 2944:Anarchy, state, and utopia 2828:. Oxford University Press. 2041:10.1007/s11098-020-01464-5 1997:"Well-Being: 4.1 Hedonism" 1454:David Pearce (philosopher) 1451: 1380: 1326: 1286: 1247: 1228: 1154: 968: 896: 823: 813: 781: 779:, 'delight'; from 775: 752: 474: 29: 6439: 6391: 6291: 6253: 6200: 6167: 6158: 6154: 6137: 6087: 5999: 5837: 5828: 5761: 5544: 5535: 5513: 5468: 5410: 5362: 5316: 5307: 5270: 5141: 5006: 4953: 4944: 4894: 4890: 4879: 4818: 4790: 4747: 4699: 4656: 4609: 4581: 4533: 4505: 4467:Philosophy of mathematics 4457:Philosophy of information 4432: 4428: 4417: 4295:Hedonistic Utilitarianism 4284:The Hedonistic Imperative 4275:. Grasset & Fasquelle 4222:. Oxford University Press 4129:The Morality of Happiness 3914:"The Genomic Bodhisattva" 3722:Hedonistic Utilitarianism 3653:– via Google Books. 3553:. Routledge. p. 464. 2991:10.1080/09515080903532290 2781:The Journal of Philosophy 2408:Dietz, Alexander (2019). 2227:10.1007/s11098-006-9004-9 2209:Heathwood, Chris (2007). 2188:10.1007/s11098-010-9566-4 2149:10.1007/s11098-011-9755-9 2079:Katz, Leonard D. (2016). 1714:Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek 1579:." A transhumanist and a 1549:The Hedonistic Imperative 549:negative consequentialism 32:Hedonism (disambiguation) 3551:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 3374:Дробович, Антон (2012). 2979:Philosophical Psychology 2856:Schroeder, Mark (2016). 2775:Brink, David O. (1986). 2710:Journal of Global Ethics 2536:Knutsson, Simon. 2016. " 2316:"Psychological hedonism" 2023:Pallies, Daniel (2021). 1940:"Psychological hedonism" 1490:summarize the quotations 1224: 888:Ancient Greek philosophy 576:classical utilitarianism 5936:Postanalytic philosophy 5877:Experimental philosophy 4203:Oxford University Press 4154:Continuum International 4113:Encyclopædia Britannica 4025:Victor Argonov (2008). 3999:Victor Argonov (2014). 3759:. Anthropos Editorial. 3603:Cheikh, N.M.E. (2015). 3295:Encyclopedia Britannica 2940:Nozick, Robert (1974). 2662:Philosophical Quarterly 2602:Shaver, Robert (2019). 2510:Oxford University Press 2320:Encyclopedia Britannica 1979:Oxford University Press 1944:Encyclopedia Britannica 1853:www.merriam-webster.com 1594:In a talk given at the 1531:negative utilitarianism 1349:Contemporary approaches 1307:Other proponents, like 1302: 1096:On the Nature of Things 553:negative utilitarianism 400:The term originates in 136:Metrodorus of Lampsacus 6069:Social constructionism 5081:Hellenistic philosophy 4497:Theoretical philosophy 4472:Philosophy of religion 4462:Philosophy of language 4364:Theories of Well-Being 4356:Encyclopedia Americana 4323:Moore, Andrew (2019). 4116:(11th ed.). 1911. 3708:virginia-anthology.org 3437:Reale & Catan 1986 3408:Reale & Catan 1986 2704:Singer, Peter (2016). 2656:Hills, Alison (2010). 2629:Driver, Julia (2014). 2340:Jackson, J.M. (2013). 1912:Moore, Andrew (2019). 1761:Psychological hedonism 1659:According to Argonov, 1636: 1611:can't recalibrate our 1523:abolition of suffering 1521:group calling for the 1463: 1441: 1422:, sex and sensuality, 1392: 1196: 1056: 1037: 925:Aristippus the Younger 912: 747:disinterested pleasure 499:Psychological hedonism 472: 454:The nature of pleasure 327:"Wine, women and song" 184:Psychological hedonism 116:Aristippus the Younger 18:Psychological hedonism 6452:Philosophy portal 5971:Scientific skepticism 5951:Reformed epistemology 4477:Philosophy of science 3593:. Edinburgh: J. Ogle. 3493:O'Keefe, Tim (2005). 3225:"Beauty and Ugliness" 3143:Oxford Bibliographies 2374:Abizadeh, A. (2018). 2215:Philosophical Studies 2176:Philosophical Studies 2170:Smuts, Aaron (2011). 2137:Philosophical Studies 2131:Bramble, Ben (2013). 2029:Philosophical Studies 1995:Crisp, Roger (2017). 1604: 1600:Charity International 1461: 1428: 1390: 1297:quantitative approach 1191: 1051: 1031: 906: 861:Sumerian civilization 640:quantitative hedonism 628:good for its own sake 618:value. An entity has 461: 440:motivational hedonism 106:Theodorus the Atheist 6521:Axiological theories 5872:Critical rationalism 5579:Edo neo-Confucianism 5423:Acintya bheda abheda 5402:Renaissance humanism 5113:School of the Sextii 4487:Practical philosophy 4482:Political philosophy 3756:Manifiesto hedonista 3568:"Christian Hedonism" 3249:Spicher, Michael R. 3229:www.encyclopedia.com 3139:"Aesthetic Hedonism" 3018:. Project Gutenberg. 1577:paradise engineering 1407:, and a generalized 1313:qualitative approach 1206:Religious Affections 1204:Treatise Concerning 1177:was first coined by 1173:tradition. The term 921:Aristippus of Cyrene 909:Aristippus of Cyrene 668:sufficient condition 644:qualitative hedonism 590:Axiological hedonism 488:Theories of pleasure 194:Axiological hedonism 30:For other uses, see 5443:Nimbarka Sampradaya 5354:Korean Confucianism 5101:Academic Skepticism 3821:"Atheism à la mode" 3640:Islam in Bangladesh 3496:Epicurus on Freedom 2505:Reasons and Persons 1751:Paradox of hedonism 1557:genetic engineering 1105:Villa of the Papyri 947:theory of knowledge 799:Proto-Indo-European 672:necessary condition 600:evaluative hedonism 515:paradox of hedonism 317:Paradox of hedonism 178:Schools of hedonism 6506:Philosophy of life 6064:Post-structuralism 5966:Scientific realism 5921:Quinean naturalism 5901:Logical positivism 5857:Analytical Marxism 5076:Peripatetic school 4988:Chinese naturalism 4515:Aesthetic response 4442:Applied philosophy 4227:MacAskill, William 3825:newhumanist.org.uk 3720:Torbjörn Tännsjö; 3210:10.1111/jaac.12636 3116:10.1111/phc3.12645 3104:Philosophy Compass 3069:10.1111/phpr.12641 2475:"Consequentialism" 2449:"Consequentialism" 2068:. Wiley-Blackwell. 1701:experience machine 1689:thought experiment 1650:neurophysiological 1589:cruelty to animals 1571:could potentially 1464: 1393: 1202:, who in his 1746 1175:Christian Hedonism 1163:Christian theology 1157:Christian hedonism 1129:('atheist', as in 1038: 951:criterion of truth 913: 700:Aesthetic hedonism 684:experience machine 473: 402:ethical philosophy 299:Felicific calculus 214:Christian hedonism 6473: 6472: 6435: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6124: 5852:Analytic feminism 5824: 5823: 5786:Kierkegaardianism 5748:Transcendentalism 5708:Neo-scholasticism 5554:Classical Realism 5531: 5530: 5303: 5302: 5118:Neopythagoreanism 4875: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4492:Social philosophy 4368:William MacAskill 4291:Tännsjö, Torbjörn 4266:Le Livre de Poche 4086:978-0-19-872879-5 3848:on 27 April 2009. 3673:Perrottet, Tony. 3616:978-0-674-49596-8 3585:Edwards, Jonathan 3251:"Aesthetic Taste" 2590:T. & T. Clark 2566:978-0-19-974283-7 2387:978-1-108-27866-9 2353:978-1-134-99512-7 1736:Hedonic treadmill 1613:hedonic treadmill 1515: 1514: 1437:historiographical 1185:in his 1986 book 1143:('theist', as in 1119:Indian philosophy 955:sense-experiences 872:Epic of Gilgamesh 766:derives from the 724:Euthyphro dilemma 372: 371: 322:Hedonic treadmill 66:Ajita Kesakambali 16:(Redirected from 6528: 6511:Social influence 6491:Consequentialism 6462: 6461: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6165: 6164: 6156: 6155: 6139: 6138: 6029:Frankfurt School 5976:Transactionalism 5926:Normative ethics 5906:Legal positivism 5882:Falsificationism 5867:Consequentialism 5862:Communitarianism 5835: 5834: 5703:New Confucianism 5542: 5541: 5349:Neo-Confucianism 5314: 5313: 5123:Second Sophistic 5108:Middle Platonism 4951: 4950: 4892: 4891: 4881: 4880: 4724:Epiphenomenalism 4591:Consequentialism 4525:Institutionalism 4430: 4429: 4419: 4418: 4404: 4397: 4390: 4381: 4380: 4360: 4352: 4350:"Hedonism" 4338: 4329:Zalta, Edward N. 4254: 4248: 4240: 4184: 4166: 4141: 4117: 4109: 4107:"Hedonism" 4091: 4090: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4022: 4013: 4012: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3954:abolitionist.com 3946: 3940: 3939: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3844:. Archived from 3838: 3829: 3828: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3750: 3744: 3731: 3725: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3670: 3664: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3600: 3594: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3564: 3555: 3554: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3521: 3515: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3455: 3449: 3440: 3439:, pp. 274–5 3434: 3428: 3422: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3188: 3171: 3170: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3048: 3037: 3036: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3015:Principia Ethica 3009: 3003: 3002: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2947: 2937: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2883:Sweet, William. 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2668:(239): 225–242. 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2599: 2593: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2551: 2545: 2534: 2528: 2519: 2513: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2479:Ethics Unwrapped 2471: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2312: 2297: 2296: 2286: 2273: 2272: 2258: 2239: 2238: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2128: 2119: 2118: 2108: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2059: 2053: 2052: 2020: 2005: 2004: 1992: 1983: 1982: 1968: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1909: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1819: 1741:Hedonism Resorts 1510: 1507: 1501: 1474: 1473: 1466: 1367:Esperanza Guisán 1359:Torbjörn Tännsjö 1335:sexual restraint 1309:John Stuart Mill 1277:hedonic calculus 1272:John Stuart Mill 1260:consequentialism 1200:Jonathan Edwards 1179:Reformed-Baptist 993: 989: 986: 865:In the original 856:Early philosophy 826: 825: 816: 815: 792: 784: 783: 778: 777: 660:higher pleasures 652:John Stuart Mill 604:ethical hedonism 544:consequentialism 529:Ethical hedonism 426:ethical hedonism 364: 357: 350: 311:Related articles 189:Ethical hedonism 161:Esperanza Guisán 156:Torbjörn Tännsjö 76:John Stuart Mill 39: 38: 21: 6536: 6535: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6469: 6446: 6444: 6423: 6387: 6287: 6249: 6196: 6150: 6149: 6121: 6110:Russian cosmism 6083: 6079:Western Marxism 6044:New Historicism 6009:Critical theory 5995: 5991:Wittgensteinian 5887:Foundationalism 5820: 5757: 5738:Social contract 5594:Foundationalism 5527: 5509: 5493:Illuminationism 5478:Aristotelianism 5464: 5453:Vishishtadvaita 5406: 5358: 5299: 5266: 5137: 5066:Megarian school 5061:Eretrian school 5002: 4963:Agriculturalism 4940: 4886: 4867: 4814: 4786: 4743: 4695: 4652: 4636:Incompatibilism 4605: 4577: 4529: 4501: 4424: 4413: 4408: 4319: 4242: 4241: 4192: 4190:Further reading 4187: 4182: 4164: 4139: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4094: 4087: 4073: 4069: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4023: 4016: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3840: 3839: 3832: 3827:. 29 June 2007. 3819: 3818: 3814: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3751: 3747: 3732: 3728: 3719: 3715: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3688:Farago, Jason. 3686: 3682: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3658: 3651: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3601: 3597: 3583: 3579: 3574:. 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Edinburgh: 2572: 2565: 2546: 2542:Simon Knutsson 2529: 2514: 2492: 2466: 2439: 2420:(3): 497–510. 2400: 2386: 2366: 2352: 2332: 2298: 2274: 2240: 2201: 2182:(2): 241–265. 2162: 2143:(2): 201–217. 2120: 2098: 2071: 2054: 2035:(3): 887–907. 2006: 1984: 1956: 1931: 1865: 1840: 1822:Weijers, Dan. 1776: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1721: 1718: 1673: 1670: 1640: 1637: 1561:nanotechnology 1513: 1512: 1478: 1476: 1469: 1452:Main article: 1449: 1446: 1405:utilitarianism 1381:Main article: 1378: 1375: 1350: 1347: 1327:Main article: 1324: 1321: 1304: 1301: 1293:Jeremy Bentham 1288: 1285: 1268:Jeremy Bentham 1250:Utilitarianism 1248:Main article: 1245: 1244:Utilitarianism 1242: 1229:Main article: 1226: 1223: 1155:Main article: 1152: 1149: 1120: 1117: 1032: 966: 963: 907: 897:Main article: 894: 891: 889: 886: 867:Old Babylonian 862: 859: 857: 854: 759: 756: 754: 751: 735:mixed pleasure 715:Thomas Aquinas 701: 698: 688:cognitive bias 648:Jeremy Bentham 624:good in itself 591: 588: 572:Ethical egoism 561:Jeremy Bentham 530: 527: 500: 497: 475:Main article: 455: 452: 444:human behavior 410:value hedonism 370: 369: 367: 366: 359: 352: 344: 341: 340: 337: 336: 329: 324: 319: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 302: 301: 296: 294:Tetrapharmakos 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 245: 242: 241: 238: 237: 234: 233: 226: 221: 219:Utilitarianism 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 180: 177: 176: 173: 172: 169: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 71:Jeremy Bentham 68: 62: 59: 58: 55: 54: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6533: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6466: 6465: 6456: 6454: 6453: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392:Miscellaneous 6390: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 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5919: 5917: 5916:Moral realism 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5718:Phenomenology 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5658:Individualism 5656: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5523:Judeo-Islamic 5521: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5499:ʿIlm al-Kalām 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5448:Shuddhadvaita 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5382:Scholasticism 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5140: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5005: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4878: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4833:Conceptualism 4831: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4762:Particularism 4760: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4729:Functionalism 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4714:Eliminativism 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4619:Compatibilism 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4558:Particularism 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4405: 4400: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4386: 4385: 4382: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4279:Pearce, David 4277: 4274: 4270: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4196:Feldman, Fred 4194: 4193: 4183: 4181:0-88706-290-3 4177: 4173: 4168: 4165: 4163:0-8264-6895-0 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4138:0-19-509652-5 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4108: 4103: 4102: 4088: 4082: 4078: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4019: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3995: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3955: 3951: 3945: 3937: 3931: 3915: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3835: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3768: 3766:9788476582213 3762: 3758: 3757: 3749: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3669: 3660: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3633: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3599: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3561: 3552: 3546: 3538: 3536:9788177552034 3532: 3528: 3527: 3520: 3513: 3512: 3506: 3498: 3497: 3489: 3483:, p. 122 3482: 3477: 3471:, p. 231 3470: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3454:, p. 230 3453: 3448: 3446: 3438: 3433: 3427:, p. 121 3426: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3410:, p. 274 3409: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3385: 3377: 3370: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3337: 3336: 3328: 3320: 3319: 3311: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3267: 3265: 3256: 3252: 3245: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3159: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3110:(1): e12645. 3109: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3034: 3033: 3025: 3017: 3016: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2969: 2961: 2959:0-465-09720-0 2955: 2951: 2946: 2945: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2916: 2912: 2905: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2843: 2835: 2827: 2826: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2771: 2763: 2762: 2754: 2746: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2692: 2691: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2636: 2632: 2625: 2609: 2605: 2598: 2591: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2568: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2550: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2526: 2525: 2518: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2500:Parfit, Derek 2496: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2404: 2389: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2370: 2355: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2336: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2294: 2293: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2205: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2166: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2127: 2125: 2116: 2115: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2067: 2066: 2058: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1989: 1981:. p. 62. 1980: 1976: 1975: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1919: 1915: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1697:Robert Nozick 1693: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1635: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1551:outlines how 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1527:biotechnology 1524: 1520: 1519:transhumanist 1509: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1479:This section 1477: 1468: 1467: 1460: 1455: 1445: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1389: 1384: 1383:Michel Onfray 1377:Michel Onfray 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1251: 1241: 1238: 1232: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 997: 992: 270 BC 982: 976: 972: 962: 958: 956: 952: 948: 945: 940: 938: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 910: 905: 900: 885: 883: 878: 875: 873: 868: 853: 851: 850: 845: 841: 836: 834: 830: 820: 810: 807: 806:Ancient Greek 803: 800: 796: 791: 790: 772: 769: 765: 750: 748: 744: 738: 736: 732: 727: 725: 720: 719:Immanuel Kant 716: 711: 707: 697: 694: 689: 685: 681: 680:Robert Nozick 676: 673: 669: 663: 662:of the mind. 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 636: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 568:Individualist 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 545: 541: 537: 526: 522: 518: 516: 511: 510:Thomas Hobbes 507: 496: 492: 489: 483: 478: 470: 466: 465: 460: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 436:Psychological 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 365: 360: 358: 353: 351: 346: 345: 343: 342: 335: 334: 333:Joie de vivre 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 308: 307: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 240: 239: 232: 231: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 175: 174: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 146:Zeno of Sidon 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 111:Michel Onfray 109: 107: 104: 102: 101:Fred Feldman 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 57: 56: 53: 50: 49: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6457: 6443: 6114: 6105:Postcritique 6095:Kyoto School 6054:Posthumanism 6034:Hermeneutics 5889: / 5830:Contemporary 5806:Newtonianism 5769:Cartesianism 5728:Reductionism 5564:Conservatism 5559:Collectivism 5497: 5225:Sarvāstivadā 5203:Anekantavada 5128:Neoplatonism 5096:Epicureanism 5029:Pythagoreans 4968:Confucianism 4934:Contemporary 4924:Early modern 4828:Anti-realism 4782:Universalism 4739:Subjectivism 4535:Epistemology 4372: 4354: 4332: 4307: 4304:Wilde, Oscar 4294: 4282: 4272: 4261: 4235: 4219: 4209: 4199: 4171: 4149: 4128: 4125:Annas, Julia 4111: 4076: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4030: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3982:. 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Retrieved 1827: 1726:Affectionism 1710:Peter Singer 1704: 1694: 1682: 1680:is limited. 1675: 1666: 1658: 1654:hedonic tone 1646: 1642: 1639:Hedodynamics 1630: 1625: 1622:quadriplegia 1617: 1607: 1606:Sadly, what 1605: 1593: 1569:neurosurgery 1565:pharmacology 1553:technologies 1548: 1537:David Pearce 1535: 1516: 1503: 1488:Please help 1480: 1442: 1429: 1417: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1363:Fred Feldman 1357:philosopher 1352: 1332: 1316: 1306: 1295:, defends a 1290: 1282: 1275: 1253: 1234: 1215:Epicureanism 1213:had adapted 1203: 1197: 1192: 1187:Desiring God 1186: 1160: 1151:Christianity 1138: 1125: 1122: 1094: 1092: 1086:). The poet 1057: 1052: 1039: 1020: 1014: 978: 971:Epicureanism 965:Epicureanism 959: 941: 933: 914: 870: 864: 847: 844:hedonophobia 843: 840:hedonophobia 837: 828: 818: 808: 801: 770: 763: 761: 746: 742: 739: 734: 730: 728: 703: 677: 664: 659: 655: 643: 639: 637: 631: 627: 623: 619: 616:instrumental 615: 611: 603: 599: 593: 584:Peter Singer 565: 535: 532: 523: 519: 502: 493: 484: 480: 462: 442:claims that 439: 435: 434: 425: 421: 409: 405: 399: 374: 373: 331: 243:Key concepts 228: 209:Epicureanism 166:Peter Singer 141:David Pearce 51: 36: 6100:Objectivism 6039:Neo-Marxism 6001:Continental 5911:Meta-ethics 5891:Coherentism 5796:Hegelianism 5733:Rationalism 5693:Natural law 5673:Materialism 5599:Historicism 5569:Determinism 5460:Navya-Nyāya 5235:Sautrāntika 5230:Pudgalavada 5166:Vaisheshika 5019:Presocratic 4919:Renaissance 4858:Physicalism 4843:Materialism 4749:Normativity 4734:Objectivism 4719:Emergentism 4709:Behaviorism 4658:Metaphysics 4624:Determinism 4563:Rationalism 3984:20 December 3920:16 November 3391:"Cyrenaics" 3354:MedicineNet 3148:10 February 1685:G. E. Moore 1598:and at the 1433:pedagogical 1413:materialism 1411:of sensual 1371:axiological 1323:Libertinage 1219:Waldensians 1181:theologian 1167:evangelical 1109:Herculaneum 1047:Golden Rule 999:materialist 919:' student, 693:G. E. Moore 406:axiological 230:Libertinage 6496:Motivation 6480:Categories 6399:Amerindian 6306:Australian 6245:Vietnamese 6225:Indonesian 5774:Kantianism 5723:Positivism 5713:Pragmatism 5688:Naturalism 5668:Liberalism 5646:Subjective 5584:Empiricism 5488:Avicennism 5433:Bhedabheda 5317:East Asian 5240:Madhyamaka 5220:Abhidharma 5086:Pyrrhonism 4853:Nominalism 4848:Naturalism 4777:Skepticism 4767:Relativism 4757:Absolutism 4686:Naturalism 4596:Deontology 4568:Skepticism 4553:Naturalism 4543:Empiricism 4507:Aesthetics 4411:Philosophy 4325:"Hedonism" 4058:"Hedonism" 3864:unesco.org 3789:2253943231 3650:9004094970 3469:Annas 1995 3452:Annas 1995 3300:9 February 3234:9 February 2920:3 February 2894:3 February 2868:8 December 2641:2 February 2614:2 February 2527:34:317–38. 2508:. Oxford: 2485:2 February 2459:2 February 2393:19 January 2359:19 January 2325:2 February 2091:29 January 2081:"Pleasure" 1949:29 January 1924:29 January 1914:"Hedonism" 1858:30 January 1849:"Hedonism" 1833:29 January 1824:"Hedonism" 1767:References 1731:Eudaimonia 1699:'s famous 1687:offered a 1661:posthumans 1626:everything 1506:March 2024 1498:Wikisource 1420:gastronomy 1373:hedonism. 1311:, argue a 1256:Kantianism 1183:John Piper 1113:Philodemus 1076:Alexandria 1068:Hermarchus 1043:asceticism 1011:Aristippus 1003:Democritus 990: – c. 988: 341 981:philosophy 882:philosophy 831:(-ισμός, ' 771:hēdonismos 706:aesthetics 608:well-being 557:Aristippus 540:prescribes 430:well-being 391:psychology 383:philosophy 259:Eudaimonia 121:Hermarchus 91:Aristippus 6278:Pakistani 6240:Taiwanese 6187:Ethiopian 6160:By region 6146:By region 5961:Scientism 5956:Systemics 5816:Spinozism 5743:Socialism 5678:Modernism 5641:Objective 5549:Anarchism 5483:Averroism 5372:Christian 5324:Neotaoism 5295:Zurvanism 5285:Mithraism 5280:Mazdakism 5051:Cyrenaics 4978:Logicians 4611:Free will 4573:Solipsism 4520:Formalism 4271:—— 2006. 4245:cite book 4239:. 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