2833:, born to an absent Spanish father and a Criolla mother. Not only was she highly intelligent, but also self-educated, having studied in her wealthy grandfather's library. Sor Juana as a woman was barred from entering formal education. She pleaded with her mother to let her masculinize her appearance and attend university under a male guise. After the Vicereine Leonor Carreto took Sor Juana under her wing, the Viceroy, the Marquis de Mancera, provided Sor Juana with the chance to prove her intelligence. She exceeded all expectations, and legitimized by the vice-regal court, established a reputation for herself as an intellectual.
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Moreover, not men alone, but women too, have a natural inclination toward virtue and the capacity for acquiring it, and it is the nature of women no less than men to be pleased by good and just acts and to reject the opposite of these. If this is true, by what reasoning would it ever be appropriate for men to search out and consider how they may lead good lives, which is exactly the study of philosophy, but inappropriate for women?"
2387:
indicted for encouraging an attack on a prison at
Maidstone in Kent, and another was responsible for robbing a multitude of mansions, which left servants too scared to return afterwards. Although there were only a small number of female leaders involved in the Peasants' Revolt, there were surprising numbers of women among the rebels, including 70 in
3120:. However, women received mixed messages, for there was also a strident backlash and even self-deprecation by some women writers in response. They were also subjected to conflicting social pressures: fewer opportunities for work outside the home, and education that sometimes reinforced the social order as much as inspired independent thinking.
3112:(1651–1695), advanced the education of women in her essay "Reply to Sor Philotea". By the end of the 17th century women's voices were becoming increasingly heard at least by educated women. Literature in the last decades of the century was sometimes referred to as the "Battle of the Sexes", and was often surprisingly polemic, such as
2463:, Katherina is seen as unmarriageable for her headstrong, outspoken nature, unlike her mild sister Bianca. She is seen as a wayward shrew who needs taming into submission. Once tamed, she readily goes when Petruchio summons her. Her submission is applauded; she is accepted as a proper woman, now "conformable to other household Kates."
2493:, Renaissance Europe saw the publication of numerous treatises on witches: their essence, their features, and ways to spot, prosecute and punish them. This helped to reinforce and perpetuate the view of women as dangerous, morally corrupt sinners who sought to corrupt men, and to retain the restrictions placed on them.
2228:. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly families, who wanted to ensure the highest possible education for both their sons and daughters. However, some men did not approve of this practice, such as Muhammad ibn al-Hajj (died 1336), who was appalled by women speaking in loud voices and exposing their
2941:
2391:. The women involved had valid reasons for desiring to be so and on occasions taking a leading role. The 1380 poll tax was tougher on married women, so it is unsurprising that some women were as violent as men in their involvement. Their acts of violence signified mounting hatred for the government.
2283:
In
Christian Medieval Europe, the dominant view was that women were intellectually and morally weaker than men, having been tainted by the original sin of Eve as described in biblical tradition. This was used to justify many limits placed on women, such as not being allowed to own property, or being
2160:
Are dogs divided into hes and shes, or do they both share equally in hunting and in keeping watch and in the other duties of dogs? Or do we entrust to the males the entire and exclusive care of the flocks, while we leave the females at home, under the idea that the bearing and suckling their puppies
2474:
wrote, "While you live in these times when learning has so far decayed that it is regarded as positively miraculous to meet a learned man, let alone a woman." Bruni himself thought women had no need of education because they were not engaged in social forums for which such discourse was needed. In
2259:(The Distinguished Jurist's Primer) he added that such duties could include participation in warfare and expressed discontent with the fact that women in his society were typically limited to being mothers and wives. Several women are said to have taken part in battles or helped in them during the
2836:
For reasons still debated, Sor Juana became a nun. While in the convent, she became a controversial figure, advocating recognition of women theologians, criticizing the patriarchal and colonial structures of the Church, and publishing her own writing, in which she set herself as an authority. Sor
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that are still anthologized. She was seen as having talent without a woman's weakness, industry with a man's perseverance, and the body of a weak and feeble woman, but the heart and stomach of a king. The only way she could be seen as a good ruler was through manly qualities. Being a powerful and
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argues that women often had the strongest desire to participate in revolts, including the
Peasants' Revolt. They did all that men did, and were just as violent in rebelling against the government, if not more so. Ferrour was not the only female leader of the Peasants' Revolt; one Englishwoman was
2479:
For why should the subtleties of... a thousand... rhetorical conundra consume the powers of a woman, who never sees the forum? The contests of the forum, like those of warfare and battle, are the sphere of men. Hers is not the task of learning to speak for and against witnesses, for and against
2179:
entitled one of his 21 Discourses "That Women Too Should Study
Philosophy", in which he argues for equal education of women in philosophy: "If you ask me what doctrine produces such an education, I shall reply that as without philosophy no man would be properly educated, so no woman would be.
2405:
Since her rediscovery in the 1600s by Conrad Celtis, Hrotsvitha has become a source of particular interest and study for feminists, who have begun to place her work in a feminist context, some arguing that while
Hrotsvitha was not a feminist, that she is important to the history of feminism.
2402:, a German secular canoness, was born about 935 and died about 973. Her work is still seen as important, as she was the first female writer from the German lands, the first female historian, and apparently the first person since antiquity to write dramas in the Latin West.
2452:
defined a woman: she was whom she married. Till marriage she remained her father's property. Each had few rights beyond privileges granted by a husband or father. She was expected to be chaste, obedient, pleasant, gentle, submissive, and unless sweet-spoken, silent. In
3010:– cultural gathering places of the upper-class intelligentsia – which were run by women and in which they took part as artists. But while women gained salon membership, they stayed in the background, writing "but not for ". Despite their limited role in the salons,
3030:
together laid the groundwork for feminist theory in the 17th century. No woman would speak out as strongly again for another century. In historical accounts, Astell is often overshadowed by her younger and more colourful friend and correspondent
3054:, one of the first English women to earn her living as a writer, who was influential as a novelist, playwright and political propagandist. Although successful in her lifetime, Behn was often vilified as "unwomanly" by 18th-century writers like
3062:. Likewise, the 19th-century critic Julia Kavanagh said that "instead of raising man to woman's moral standards sank to the level of man's courseness." Not until the 20th century would Behn gain a wider readership and critical acceptance.
2653:
were among some of the first women to adopt male rhetoric styles to rectify the inferior social context for women. Men at the time also recognised that certain women intellectuals had possibilities, and began writing their biographies, as
2168:
states that women in Plato's ideal state should work alongside men, receive equal education, and share equally in all aspects of the state. The sole exception involved women working in capacities which required less physical strength.
3025:
and others who preceded her. She was certainly among the earliest feminist writers in
English, whose analyses remain relevant today, and who moved beyond earlier writers by instituting educational institutions for women. Astell and
2746:
and forced to move to their settlements to serve them and bear children. Juliana poisoned her
Spaniard master and boasted of her actions to her peers, ending up executed as a warning to other indigenous women not to do the same.
2758:. The figure of the India Juliana has been reclaimed as a foremother by Paraguayan academics and activists as part of a process of "recovery of feminist and women's genealogies" in South America, intended to move away from the
2628:
fought to belie such literary misogyny through defenses of women in biographical work and the exoneration of Eve. She made a space for women's voice in this time period, being regarded as a female intellectual. Similarly,
2284:
obliged to obey fathers or husbands at all times. This view and curbs derived from it were disputed even in medieval times. Medieval
European protofeminists recognized as important to the development of feminism include
2198:
While in the pre-modern period there was no formal feminist movement in
Islamic nations, there were a number of important figures who spoke for improving women's rights and autonomy. The medieval mystic and philosopher
2623:
salons that held intelligent debate and lectures did not allow women. This exclusion from public forums led to problems for educated women. Despite these constraints, many women were capable voices of new ideas.
2612:. She and her sisters were educated to male standards, and four out of five became professional painters. Sofonisba was the most successful of all, crowning her career as court painter to the Spanish king
2794:
simultaneously." Several feminist groups, schools, libraries and centers for the promotion of women in
Paraguay are named after her, and she is "carried as a banner" in the annual demonstrations of
2445:
because she bore him sons, in the same way as one tolerated the noise of geese because they produce eggs and chicks. This analogy perpetuated the claim that a woman's sole role was reproduction.
2964:, carried over into gender equality and so had political implications. Leveller women mounted demonstrations and petitions for equal rights, although dismissed by the authorities of the day.
2146:, according to Elaine Hoffman Baruch, " for the total political and sexual equality of women, advocating that they be members of his highest class... those who rule and fight." Book five of
2633:
re-imagined the role of women in society and argued that education is a right for all humans and going so far as to say that women were at fault for not seizing their educational rights.
235:
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and prayer books suddenly became necessary to all, including women and girls. Protestant communities started to set up schools where ordinary boys and girls were taught basic literacy.
147:
2580:
Aristocratic women had greater chances of receiving an education, but it was not impossible for lower-class women to become literate. A woman named Margherita, living during the
2799:
3703:
Discours Execrable Des Sorciers: Ensemble leur Procez, faits depuis 2. ans en çà , en diuers endroicts de la France. Avec une instruction pour un Juge, en faict de Sorcelerie..
3003:
became known protofeminists. However, they encountered hostility, as shown by the experiences of Cavendish and of Wroth, whose work was unpublished until the 20th century.
230:
2584:, learned to read and write at the age of about 30, so there would be no mediator for the letters exchanged between her and her husband. Although Margherita defied
2106:
in eras when the feminist concept as such was still unknown. This refers particularly to times before the 20th century, although the precise usage is disputed, as
162:
2637:
was the first to join a humanist gentleman's club, declaring that womanhood was a point of pride and equality of the sexes was essential. Other women including
3066:
praised her: "All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the grave of Aphra Behn... for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds."
152:
2596:
Women who received an education often reached high standards of learning and wrote in defence of women and their rights. An example is the 16th-century
2588:, she became literate not to become a more enlightened person, but to be a better wife by gaining the ability to communicate with her husband directly.
269:
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provided new chances for women in the arts, which they used to advance their cause. Yet female playwrights encountered similar hostility, including
2933:
In general, though, women who preached or expressed opinions on religion were in danger of being suspected of lunacy or witchcraft, and many, like
2750:
Today, the India Juliana is regarded as an early feminist and a symbol of women's liberation, and her figure is of special interest for Paraguayan
1587:
4434:
1418:
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arguing that women had a right to education, and encouraged and popularized education for women in England in her time as Henry VIII's wife.
2255:
on equality between the sexes, concluded that while men were stronger, it was still possible for women to perform the same duties as men. In
966:
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Some Protestants no longer saw women as weak and evil sinners, but as worthy companions of men needing education to become capable wives.
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911:
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The invention of the Renaissance woman: the challenge of female independence in the literature and thought of Italy and England
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Juana also advocated for universal education and language rights. Not only did she contribute to the historic discourse of the
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2014:
2009:
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Butler, Colleen (2016). "Queering The Classics: Gender, Genre, and Reception In The Works of Hrotsvit of Gandersheim".
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torture, for and against reputation.... She will, in a word, leave the rough-and-tumble of the forum entirely to men."
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Mary Astell is often described as the first feminist writer, although this ignores the intellectual debt she owed to
2040:
2019:
1954:
1922:
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2937:, who was burned at the stake for heresy, died "for their implicit or explicit challenge to the patriarchal order".
684:
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187:
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197:
142:
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Eileen H. Botting and Sarah L. Houser, "Drawing the Line of Equality: Hannah Mather Crocker on Women's Rights".
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argued against the idea that women should stay silent. The previous year saw publication of an anonymous tract,
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1871:
1526:
1492:
1401:
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182:
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Lerner, Gerda. "Religion and the creation of feminist consciousness". Harvard Divinity Bulletin November 2002
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1984:
1974:
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311:
212:
192:
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Hakim, Souad (2002), "Ibn 'ArabĂ®'s Twofold Perception of Woman: Woman as Human Being and Cosmic Principle",
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did. The modern scholar Diana Robin outlined the history of intellectual women as a long and noble lineage.
480:
321:
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Belo, Catarina (2009). "Some Considerations on Averroes' Views Regarding Women and Their Role in Society".
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1964:
1939:
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1969:
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89:
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3414:
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3294:
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1499:
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84:
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Evelyn Gordon Bodek, "Salonnières and Bluestockings: Educated Obsolescence and Germinating Feminism",
289:
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4005:
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At the beginning of the renaissance, women's sole role and social value was held to be reproduction.
2072:
1724:
1504:
941:
745:
691:
4779:""Die Rose der Freyheit": eine radikal-feministische Streitschrift von "Camilla" aus dem Jahre 1693"
4010:
3528:
2645:
and the Cooke sisters gained recognition as scholars by making important translating contributions.
4697:
Angeline Goreau, "Aphra Behn: A scandal to modesty (c. 1640–1689)", in Spender, op. cit., pp. 8–27.
3202:
Elaine Hoffman Baruch, "Women in Men's Utopias", in Ruby Rohrlich and Elaine Hoffman Baruch, eds.,
2787:
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2337:
2238:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1946:
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830:
706:
679:
592:
492:
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1482:
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404:
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4366:
Allatson, Paul (2004). "A Shadowy Sequence: Chicana Textual/Sexual Reinventions of Sor Juana".
2767:
2574:
2555:
2376:, was beheaded by rebels after Katherine Gamen untied the boat he planned on escaping them in.
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1979:
1639:
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1369:
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1209:
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1128:
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777:
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421:
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4209:
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3298:
3288:
4069:
3572:
Frankforter, A. Daniel (February 1979). "Hroswitha of Gandersheim and the Destiny of Women".
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2995:, who depicted women's changing roles and pleaded for their education. In Sweden, women like
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1214:
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411:
328:
4040:"Relatos sobre la India Juliana. Entre la construcciĂłn de la memoria y la ficciĂłn histĂłrica"
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between 1538 and 1542. She was one of the many indigenous women who were handed over to the
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2176:
2152:
1851:
1806:
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1749:
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Marie de France has an entry in Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements and Isobel Grundy, eds,
8:
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3129:
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argued that while men were favored over women as prophets, women were just as capable of
2133:
1669:
1659:
1629:
1617:
1612:
1514:
1460:
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1043:
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956:
899:
857:
835:
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487:
392:
171:
119:
109:
64:
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2810:
2577:, meant in some ways being male – a perception that limited women's potential as women.
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4383:
4296:
4271:
3871:
3738:
3732:
3585:
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3094:
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2838:
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2650:
2613:
2547:
2519:, at the turn of the 15th century. An notable male advocate of women's superiority was
2506:
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states, "The first time we see a woman take up her pen in defense of her sex" was when
2502:
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2301:
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1801:
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1664:
1644:
1541:
1423:
1413:
1314:
1068:
894:
760:
642:
355:
316:
69:
3206:, pp. 209, n1, and 211. Plato supporting "child care" so that women could be soldiers.
2364:, for his involvement with the taxes. Ferrour also participated in the looting of the
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23:
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59:
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2790:. According to the researcher Silvia Tieffemberg, her revenge "crossed ethnic and
2501:
Yet not all agreed with this negative view of women and the restrictions on them.
4547:
3789:
3646:
3613:
3392:
Banking on Baghdad: Inside Iraq's 7,000 Year History of War, Profit, and Conflict
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993:
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889:
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370:
2960:, rather than orthodoxy. Religious egalitarianism, such as that embraced by the
2706:
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Unsurprisingly, therefore, most women were barely educated. In a letter to Lady
2419:
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4609:
4480:
4457:
4259:
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2775:
2723:
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2373:
2193:
1841:
1284:
1249:
1058:
864:
816:
610:
570:
453:
4808:
A. H. Upman, "English femmes savantes at the end of the seventeenth century",
4834:
4501:
4420:
4317:
4267:
4153:
3941:
3908:
3850:
3593:
3454:
3160:
3101:(Rose of Freedom), whose author denounced male dominance and abuse of women.
3022:
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2911:
2907:
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2719:
2711:
2701:
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2597:
2379:
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1008:
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338:
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39:
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Persecution and Pluralism: Calvinists and Religious Minorities in Early....
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3875:
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Bridenthal, Renate; Koonz, Claudia; Mosher Stuard, Susan (1 January 1987).
3645:
Bridenthal, Renate; Koonz, Claudia; Mosher Stuard, Susan (1 January 1987).
3612:
Bridenthal, Renate; Koonz, Claudia; Mosher Stuard, Susan (1 January 1987).
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428:
301:
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The birth of feminism: woman as intellect in renaissance Italy and England
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give women greater freedom of expression. Noted feminist writers included
2680:
rested on believers' direct interaction with God, the ability to read the
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3086:
2992:
2953:
2940:
2846:
2791:
2759:
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558:
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Pensar América desde sus colonias: Textos e imágenes de América colonial
3867:
The Cooke sisters: Education, piety and politics in early modern England
2731:
4722:
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3027:
2980:
2949:
2934:
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was a milestone in the development of women's rights and education. As
2399:
2215:
1324:
1309:
1003:
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Routledge research companion to the works of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2433:
This gender role defined a woman's main identity and purpose in life.
4379:
4113:
2961:
2957:
2826:
2739:
2442:
2200:
1304:
1299:
377:
4660:
Joan Kinnaird, "Mary Astell: Inspired by ideas" in D. Spender, ed.,
4137:
2922:. This gave prominence to some female ministers and writers such as
2348:
and beheaded by the rebels. Leading the group that executed him was
2332:
in which English women played prominent roles. On 14 June 1381, the
3483:"Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim – The Most Remarkable Women of her Time"
3047:
2735:
2434:
2353:
2248:
2234:
in the presence of men while listening to the recitation of books.
2103:
1078:
946:
509:
31:
4600:, ed. Josephine A. Roberts, ed. Louisiana State University, 1983.
2609:
2388:
2225:
740:
3089:, the first printed publication by a woman appeared in 1694: in
4448:
Delis, Maria (2007). "De la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés (1648–1695)".
4164:
2967:
The 17th century also saw more women writers emerging, such as
2800:
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
2220:
2114:
are often subsumed into "feminism". The usefulness of the term
2861:
4485:
The weaker vessel: Women's lot in seventeenth century England
2771:
2681:
2272:
2230:
2211:
2147:
2143:
2118:
has been questioned by some modern scholars, as has the term
4246:
Kennett, Frances (May 2003). "Sor Juana and the Guadalupe".
3787:
3644:
3611:
2550:
argued that aristocratic women at least required education.
3085:, who attacked misogyny and promoted women's education. In
2352:, who ordered his execution in response to Sudbury's harsh
2243:
2204:
4496:
Sherrin Marshall-Wyatt, "Women in the Reformation Era" in
3014:
saw them as a "threat to the 'natural' dominance of men".
4331:"The Political Aesthetics of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz",
3105:
2948:
In France and England, feminist ideas were attributes of
4138:"Martina Chapanay y los elementos de feminismo práctico"
3690:
3688:
2841:, but she has also been recognized as a protofeminist,
2591:
4214:(eBook) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos.
4109:"India Juliana protagoniza nuevo libro de historietas"
3038:
Relaxation of social values and secularization in the
2608:(c. 1532–1625) was born into an enlightened family in
4629:, Syracuse: State University of New York, 1985, p. 4.
4401:
Bergmann, Emilie L.; Schlau, Stacey (28 April 2017).
4333:
The Politics and Poetics of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2879:
after his death. She also wrote two feminist essays:
4573:"British Women's Emancipation Since the Renaissance"
4211:
Nuevo diccionario de estudios de género y feminismos
3685:
3455:"Peasants' Revolt: The time when women took up arms"
4737:
4735:
4180:"Heroica: Remeras con historia y valentĂa femenina"
4295:
3178:European Feminisms, 1700–1950: A Political History
4783:Jahrbuch der Historischen Gesellschaft GraubĂĽnden
3814:Spencer, Anna Garlin and Mitchell Kennerly, eds.
2441:humanists, said that he tolerated his first wife
2437:, a well-known exemplar of the love of wisdom to
4832:
4732:
4070:"La india Juliana: el enemigo dentro de la casa"
4003:
3448:
3446:
3444:
2315:
3759:
3757:
3436:The Feminist Companion to Literature in English
2484:
4400:
4076:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos.
3956:"The protestant education in the 16th century"
2762:vision. The same has happened in Ecuador with
2496:
2224:in order to transmit religious texts like the
4335:, Routledge, 3 March 2016, pp. 103–109,
3888:
3441:
2829:in the 17th century. She was an illegitimate
2368:by the rebels, stealing a chest of gold. The
2080:
4729:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1997, p. 4.
4513:K. Thomas, "Women and the Civil War Sects",
4004:Colmán Gutiérrez, Andrés (5 December 2020).
3754:
3180:, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
2805:
2278:
4498:Becoming visible: Women in European history
4450:Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice
4208:Gamba, Susana B.; Diz, Tania, eds. (2021).
4067:
4038:Schvartzman, Gabriela (19 September 2020).
4037:
3870:(1 ed.). Manchester University Press.
3791:Becoming Visible: Women in European History
3766:Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings
3730:
3671:
3648:Becoming Visible: Women in European History
3615:Becoming Visible: Women in European History
3571:
3543:"Hrotsvitha - Name's Meaning of Hrotsvitha"
3270:Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society
3006:Seventeenth-century France saw the rise of
2862:Nonconformism, protectorate and restoration
2690:
4672:
4670:
4433:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2138:
2087:
2073:
967:African-American women's suffrage movement
4810:Journal of English and Germanic Philology
4063:
4061:
3452:
3261:
2525:The Superior Excellence of Women Over Men
4654:
4529:by Richard Bonney and David J. B. Trim.
4365:
4207:
4203:
4201:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3324:Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World
3290:Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World
2939:
2869:(1565–1645) edited the third edition of
2809:
2705:
2418:
2414:
2356:. She also ordered the beheading of the
912:Discrimination against transgender women
4667:
4245:
4117:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn. 31 October 2020
3893:. Pennsylvania State University Press.
3763:
3672:Shakespeare, William (1 January 1898).
3383:
3320:
3286:
3189:Margaret Ferguson, "Feminism in time".
2409:
4833:
4776:
4534:
4504:, eds., Houghton-Mifflin, Boston 1977.
4293:
4177:
4135:
4058:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3715:
3700:
3651:. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 159–160.
3509:
2218:wrote that women could study and earn
4447:
4361:
4359:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4198:
4178:Santos, Natalia (25 September 2021).
4148:(34). Buenos Aires: Arkho Ediciones.
4101:
4033:
4031:
4029:
3990:
3863:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3505:
3503:
3389:
3267:
2730:woman who lived in the newly-founded
2558:, who read Latin and Greek and wrote
2470:of Montefeltro in 1424, the humanist
2102:is a concept that anticipates modern
4785:: 85–174 – via e-periodica.ch.
3921:
3480:
3354:
2895:(On the equality of the two sexes).
2592:Learned women in Early Modern Europe
4678:Feminism: A Very Short Introduction
4627:French Feminism in the 19th Century
4560:French Feminism in the 19th Century
4298:The library: an illustrated history
3821:
3453:Hogenboom, Melissa (14 June 2012).
3394:, John Wiley and Sons, p. 34,
3167:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2668:Women in the Protestant Reformation
2172:In the first century CE, the Roman
13:
4356:
4282:
4026:
3915:
3882:
3600:
3586:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1979.tb00548.x
3560:
3500:
3050:. The most influential of all was
2910:, Katherine Evans, Sarah Chevers,
2661:
14:
4862:
4797:Sor. Respuesta a Sor Filotea 1691
4767:. NY: Penguin Books, 1989, p. 71.
3794:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 160.
3618:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 167.
3438:(London: Batsford, 1990), p. 741.
3215:
3149:American Political Science Review
2513:(Epistle to the God of Love) and
2370:Chief Justice of the King's Bench
2251:, commenting on Plato's views in
3977:"Women in the Protestant reform"
3833:Feminism and Renaissance studies
3481:Sack, Harald (6 February 2019).
3224:. Translated by Jowett, Benjamin
3165:The Grounding of Modern Feminism
2695:
2183:
2056:
1588:Democratic Republic of the Congo
922:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
38:
4815:
4802:
4789:
4770:
4757:
4744:
4716:
4700:
4691:
4645:
4632:
4619:
4603:
4591:
4565:
4552:
4520:
4507:
4490:
4474:
4441:
4394:
4324:
4239:
4171:
4129:
3969:
3948:
3857:
3818:. NY: Forum Publications, 1912.
3808:
3781:
3724:
3709:
3694:
3665:
3638:
3632:
3535:
3474:
3428:
3407:
3348:
3314:
2856:
4642:3, Spring–Summer 1976, p. 185.
4302:. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub.
4046:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn: Atycom
4006:"En busca de la India Juliana"
3889:Joseph Benson, Pamela (1992).
3816:The Drama of a Woman of Genius
3768:, Vintage Books, p. xiv,
3280:
3244:"Musonius: The Roman Socrates"
3236:
3209:
3196:
3183:
3170:
3154:
3141:
3104:In the New World, the Mexican
2930:in Quakerism's early decades.
2898:The 17th century saw many new
2516:The Book of the City of Ladies
2020:Women's suffrage organizations
1:
4727:The Secret Life of Aphra Behn
3135:
2979:, Duchess of Newcastle, Lady
2889:François Poullain de la Barre
2881:The Equality of Men and Women
2718:Juliana, better known as the
2394:
2316:Women in the Peasants' Revolt
2156:discusses the role of women:
4651:Claire Moses Goldberg, p. 4.
4068:Tieffemberg, Silvia (2020).
3926:. Harvard University Press.
3922:Ross, Sarah Gwyneth (2009).
3731:de Beauvoir, Simone (1989),
2426:lecturing to a group of men.
2005:Suffragists and suffragettes
1935:American feminist literature
7:
4823:The Gentlewoman's Companion
4680:. Oxford University, 2005 (
4598:The poems of Lady Mary Roth
3835:. Oxford University Press.
3415:"Women in medieval society"
3123:
3118:The Gentlewoman's Companion
2893:De l'Ėgalité des deux sexes
2497:Advocating women's learning
2161:is labour enough for them?
1245:Views on transgender topics
1235:Views on sexual orientation
10:
4867:
4458:10.4135/9781412956215.n245
4452:. SAGE Publications, Inc.
4260:10.1177/096673500301100305
3737:, Vintage Books, pp.
3716:Guazzo, Francesco (1608).
3357:Journal of Islamic Studies
3329:Greenwood Publishing Group
3321:Lindsay, James E. (2005),
3295:Greenwood Publishing Group
3287:Lindsay, James E. (2005),
3069:Major feminist writers in
3044:Catherine Trotter Cockburn
2699:
2665:
2521:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
2187:
2131:
2127:
3204:Women in Search of Utopia
3191:Modern Language Quarterly
3151:(2006), 100, pp. 265–278.
3033:Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
2823:Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
2816:Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2806:Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
2796:International Women's Day
2602:Modesta di Pozzo di Forzi
2533:, commissioned a book by
2475:the same letter he wrote,
2279:Christian Medieval Europe
2237:In the 12th century, the
2210:In the 12th century, the
2036:Women's rights by country
942:Female genital mutilation
16:Anticipations of feminism
4752:English Women of Letters
4500:, Renate Bridenthal and
4186:. AsunciĂłn: Editorial RD
4136:Rivara, Lautaro (2019).
3680:The Taming of the Shrew.
2849:, and is connected with
2784:MarĂa Remedios del Valle
2782:; and in Argentina with
2710:Modern depiction of the
2691:Spanish colonial America
2569:successful woman in the
2338:Archbishop of Canterbury
2041:Feminists by nationality
2015:Women's studies journals
2010:Women's rights activists
728:Movements and ideologies
4795:Juana Inés de la Cruz,
4777:Färber, Silvio (2011).
4625:Claire Moses Goldberg,
4616:, London: Penguin 1999.
4558:Claire Goldberg Moses,
4487:. Phoenix, London 1984.
4341:10.4324/9781315554433-6
4294:Murray, Stuart (2009).
3764:Schneir, Miram (1994),
3701:Boguet, Heneri (1603).
3083:Anna Maria van Schurman
3019:Anna Maria van Schurman
2997:Sophia Elisabet Brenner
2656:Jacopo Filippo Tomasini
2565:On Monsieur's Departure
2460:The Taming of the Shrew
2344:, was dragged from the
2139:Ancient Greece and Rome
1429:International relations
290:Intersectional variants
4754:. London, 1863, p. 22.
4014:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn
3831:Hutson, Lorna (1999).
3718:Compendium maleficarum
3523:Cite journal requires
3091:Glaubens-Rechenschafft
2945:
2825:was a nun in colonial
2819:
2738:, known for killing a
2715:
2511:Épître au Dieu d'Amour
2482:
2427:
2163:
1955:Conservative feminisms
1210:Bicycling and feminism
1186:Women in the workforce
1154:Violence against women
1129:Sexual objectification
1089:Opposition to feminism
346:Vegetarian ecofeminism
4846:Feminism and the arts
3864:Allen, Gemma (2013).
3390:Black, Edwin (2004),
3193:2004/65(1), pp. 7–27.
3110:Juana Ines de la Cruz
3075:Marguerite de Navarre
3012:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
2943:
2914:(a founding Quaker),
2885:The Ladies' Grievance
2813:
2709:
2477:
2422:
2415:Restrictions on women
2158:
2112:19th-century feminism
2108:18th-century feminism
1985:Feminist rhetoricians
1975:Feminist philosophers
1527:Revisionist mythology
1230:Views on prostitution
1215:Criticism of marriage
905:Children's literature
4841:Feminism and history
3678:. American Book Co.
2734:, in early-colonial
2606:Sofonisba Anguissola
2545:Renaissance humanist
2410:European Renaissance
2290:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2177:Gaius Musonius Rufus
1965:Feminist art critics
1940:Feminist comic books
1897:Lists and categories
1576:By continent/country
1407:Pathways perspective
1290:Gender mainstreaming
1225:Views on pornography
1134:Substantive equality
1114:Reproductive justice
1064:Matriarchal religion
917:Diversity (politics)
853:Political lesbianism
163:Other women's rights
4765:A Room of One's Own
4711:A Room of One's Own
4676:Walters, Margaret.
3675:Taming of the shrew
3130:History of feminism
3040:English Restoration
2871:Michel de Montaigne
2839:Querelle des Femmes
2756:feminist historians
2531:Catherine of Aragon
2491:Malleus Maleficarum
2455:William Shakespeare
2358:Lord High Treasurer
2269:Nusaybah bint Ka'ab
2257:Bidayat al-mujtahid
2239:Islamic philosopher
2134:History of feminism
2063:Feminism portal
1970:Feminist economists
1960:Ecofeminist authors
1765:Trinidad and Tobago
1705:Republic of Ireland
1397:Composition studies
1164:Women's empowerment
1119:Sex workers' rights
1044:Feminist capitalism
1024:Internalized sexism
957:Feminism in culture
65:History of feminism
4546:2008-05-06 at the
3369:10.1093/jis/etn061
3095:Hortensia von Moos
3071:continental Europe
3046:, Mary Manley and
2977:Margaret Cavendish
2946:
2944:Burning of witches
2902:sects such as the
2843:religious feminist
2820:
2818:portrayed in 1772.
2716:
2651:Lucrezia Marinella
2507:Christine de Pizan
2503:Simone de Beauvoir
2489:Starting with the
2485:"Witch literature"
2468:Baptista Maletesta
2428:
2424:Christine de Pizan
2374:Sir John Cavendish
2302:Christine de Pizan
2294:Bettisia Gozzadini
1375:Literary criticism
1240:Views on sexuality
927:Effects on society
895:Complementarianism
870:Women's liberation
625:Religious variants
599:trans-exclusionary
317:Radical lesbianism
4741:Janet Todd, p. 2.
4662:Feminist Theories
4467:978-1-4129-1812-1
4412:978-1-317-04164-1
4350:978-1-315-55443-3
4309:978-1-60239-706-4
4248:Feminist Theology
4221:978-987-691-980-7
4083:978-987-691-787-2
3933:978-0-674-03454-9
3460:BBC News Magazine
3099:Rose der Freyheit
3060:Samuel Richardson
2928:Barbara Blaugdone
2887:(1626). In 1673,
2770:; in the central
2768:Tránsito Amaguaña
2744:Spanish colonists
2575:Queen Elizabeth I
2556:Queen Elizabeth I
2326:peasant rebellion
2306:Jadwiga of Poland
2298:Nicola de la Haye
2174:Stoic philosopher
2097:
2096:
2048:
2047:
1567:
1566:
1557:womanist theology
1500:Political ecology
1331:Écriture féminine
1258:
1257:
1149:Triple oppression
1139:Toxic masculinity
1124:Sexual harassment
984:Feminist stripper
962:Feminist movement
518:
517:
449:Africana womanism
280:
279:
4858:
4826:
4821:Hannah Woolley,
4819:
4813:
4806:
4800:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4774:
4768:
4763:Virginia Woolf,
4761:
4755:
4750:Julia Kavanagh,
4748:
4742:
4739:
4730:
4720:
4714:
4704:
4698:
4695:
4689:
4674:
4665:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4643:
4640:Feminist Studies
4636:
4630:
4623:
4617:
4614:Slip-shod Sybils
4607:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4579:on 26 April 2013
4575:. Archived from
4569:
4563:
4556:
4550:
4538:
4532:
4524:
4518:
4515:Past and Present
4511:
4505:
4494:
4488:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4432:
4424:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4380:10.2307/29741841
4363:
4354:
4353:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4301:
4291:
4280:
4279:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4065:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4035:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4001:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3828:
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3812:
3806:
3805:
3785:
3779:
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3761:
3752:
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3728:
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3713:
3707:
3706:
3698:
3692:
3683:
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3663:
3662:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3609:
3598:
3597:
3569:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3526:
3521:
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3511:
3507:
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3450:
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3426:
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3423:
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3405:
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3387:
3381:
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3352:
3346:
3345:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3248:Classical Wisdom
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3222:classics.mit.edu
3213:
3207:
3200:
3194:
3187:
3181:
3176:Karen M. Offen,
3174:
3168:
3158:
3152:
3145:
3079:Marie de Gournay
2983:, the anonymous
2920:Sarah Blackborow
2867:Marie de Gournay
2851:lesbian feminism
2780:Micaela Bastidas
2764:Dolores Cacuango
2740:Spanish colonist
2635:Cassandra Fedele
2560:occasional poems
2448:Marriage in the
2362:Sir Robert Hales
2322:Peasants' Revolt
2261:Muslim conquests
2190:Islamic feminism
2089:
2082:
2075:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2000:Feminist parties
1995:Muslim feminists
1990:Jewish feminists
1901:
1900:
1882:History of women
1505:Political theory
1273:
1272:
1203:
1202:
1176:
1169:Women-only space
1054:Likeability trap
1019:Invisible labour
937:Female education
746:Anti-pornography
601:
600:
596:
312:Lesbian of color
295:
294:
172:Women's suffrage
148:Muslim countries
143:Women's suffrage
60:Feminist history
53:
52:
42:
19:
18:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4825:, London, 1675.
4820:
4816:
4807:
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4794:
4790:
4775:
4771:
4762:
4758:
4749:
4745:
4740:
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4721:
4717:
4707:Woolf, Virginia
4705:
4701:
4696:
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4608:
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4596:
4592:
4582:
4580:
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4570:
4566:
4557:
4553:
4548:Wayback Machine
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3610:
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3570:
3561:
3551:
3549:
3547:Name-Doctor.com
3541:
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3155:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3126:
3001:Beata Rosenhane
2969:Anne Bradstreet
2864:
2859:
2808:
2792:gender barriers
2704:
2698:
2693:
2670:
2664:
2662:The Reformation
2626:Isotta Nogarola
2594:
2535:Juan Luis Vives
2499:
2487:
2417:
2412:
2397:
2384:Sylvia Federico
2350:Johanna Ferrour
2346:Tower of London
2334:Lord Chancellor
2318:
2286:Marie de France
2281:
2196:
2186:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2093:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
1951:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1797:Northern Cyprus
1577:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1385:Science fiction
1336:
1315:Women's studies
1280:Feminist method
1270:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1174:
1084:Oedipus complex
1074:Men in feminism
1039:Language reform
1014:Ideal womanhood
994:Gender equality
989:Formal equality
952:Feminationalism
890:Cognitive labor
884:
876:
875:
874:
831:Post-structural
730:
720:
719:
718:
627:
617:
616:
615:
598:
595:Gender-critical
594:
593:
544:Femonationalism
528:
520:
519:
514:
493:Native American
433:
388:Critical theory
350:
292:
282:
281:
276:
231:Second Republic
159:
129:
96:
70:Women's history
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4864:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4828:
4827:
4814:
4801:
4799:. Madrid, 1700
4788:
4769:
4756:
4743:
4731:
4715:
4713:. 1928, p. 65.
4699:
4690:
4666:
4653:
4644:
4631:
4618:
4610:Germaine Greer
4602:
4590:
4564:
4551:
4533:
4519:
4506:
4489:
4481:Antonia Fraser
4473:
4466:
4440:
4411:
4393:
4355:
4349:
4323:
4308:
4281:
4254:(3): 307–324.
4238:
4220:
4197:
4170:
4144:(in Spanish).
4128:
4100:
4082:
4057:
4025:
3989:
3968:
3947:
3932:
3914:
3899:
3881:
3856:
3841:
3820:
3807:
3800:
3780:
3774:
3753:
3747:
3734:The Second Sex
3723:
3708:
3693:
3684:
3664:
3657:
3637:
3631:
3624:
3599:
3580:(2): 295–314.
3559:
3534:
3525:|journal=
3499:
3473:
3440:
3427:
3406:
3400:
3382:
3347:
3341:
3313:
3307:
3279:
3260:
3235:
3218:"The Republic"
3208:
3195:
3182:
3169:
3153:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3122:
3114:Hannah Woolley
3064:Virginia Woolf
3056:Henry Fielding
2989:Mary Chudleigh
2952:, such as the
2924:Mary Mollineux
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2814:Protofeminist
2807:
2804:
2776:Bartolina Sisa
2724:Christian name
2700:Main article:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2663:
2660:
2647:Moderata Fonte
2639:Margaret Roper
2604:. The painter
2593:
2590:
2498:
2495:
2486:
2483:
2472:Leonardo Bruni
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2396:
2393:
2317:
2314:
2280:
2277:
2194:Women in Islam
2185:
2182:
2140:
2137:
2129:
2126:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1980:Feminist poets
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1949:
1947:Feminist songs
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1923:by nationality
1915:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1872:United Kingdom
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Existentialism
1480:
1479:
1478:
1476:Justice ethics
1468:
1463:
1458:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1434:Constructivism
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:Areas of study
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Gender studies
1282:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1250:SCUM Manifesto
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1181:Women's rights
1178:
1175:Women's health
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1059:Male privilege
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1028:International
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
980:
979:
974:
969:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
908:
907:
897:
892:
886:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
867:
865:Technofeminism
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
840:
839:
838:
828:
823:
822:
821:
820:
819:
809:
804:
794:
793:
792:
791:
790:
775:
770:
765:
764:
763:
758:
748:
743:
738:
732:
731:
726:
725:
722:
721:
717:
716:
711:
710:
709:
699:
694:
689:
688:
687:
682:
677:
667:
666:
665:
660:
655:
650:
640:
635:
629:
628:
623:
622:
619:
618:
614:
613:
608:
603:
590:
589:
588:
583:
578:
568:
563:
562:
561:
551:
546:
541:
536:
530:
529:
527:Other variants
526:
525:
522:
521:
516:
515:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
496:
495:
485:
484:
483:
473:
472:
471:
466:
461:
451:
445:
442:
441:
435:
434:
432:
431:
426:
425:
424:
419:
409:
408:
407:
397:
396:
395:
390:
380:
375:
374:
373:
362:
359:
358:
352:
351:
349:
348:
343:
342:
341:
331:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
304:
298:
293:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
277:
275:
274:
273:
272:
262:
261:
260:
255:
253:Cayman Islands
248:United Kingdom
245:
240:
239:
238:
233:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
176:
175:
168:
167:
166:
165:
158:
157:
156:
155:
150:
139:
136:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
106:
103:
102:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
67:
62:
56:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4863:
4852:
4851:Protofeminism
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4824:
4818:
4811:
4805:
4798:
4792:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4760:
4753:
4747:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4694:
4687:
4686:0-19-280510-X
4683:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4663:
4657:
4648:
4641:
4635:
4628:
4622:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4599:
4594:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4562:, 1984, p. 7.
4561:
4555:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4523:
4516:
4510:
4503:
4502:Claudia Koonz
4499:
4493:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4469:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4444:
4436:
4430:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4360:
4352:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4234:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4204:
4202:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4166:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4096:
4085:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4062:
4045:
4044:PeriĂłdico E'a
4041:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3978:
3972:
3957:
3951:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3900:0-271-00812-1
3896:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3842:0-19-878244-6
3838:
3834:
3827:
3825:
3817:
3811:
3803:
3801:9780395419502
3797:
3793:
3792:
3784:
3777:
3775:0-679-75381-8
3771:
3767:
3760:
3758:
3750:
3748:0-679-72451-6
3744:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3712:
3704:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3658:9780395419502
3654:
3650:
3649:
3641:
3635:
3627:
3625:9780395419502
3621:
3617:
3616:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3574:The Historian
3568:
3566:
3564:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3530:
3517:
3506:
3504:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3437:
3431:
3416:
3410:
3403:
3401:0-471-70895-X
3397:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3342:0-313-32270-8
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3310:
3308:0-313-32270-8
3304:
3300:
3299:196 & 198
3296:
3292:
3291:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3192:
3186:
3179:
3173:
3166:
3162:
3161:Nancy F. Cott
3157:
3150:
3144:
3140:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3023:Bathsua Makin
3020:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2973:Bathsua Makin
2970:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2912:Margaret Fell
2909:
2908:Rachel Speght
2905:
2901:
2900:nonconformist
2896:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2788:Juana Azurduy
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:India Juliana
2713:
2712:India Juliana
2708:
2703:
2702:India Juliana
2696:India Juliana
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2678:Protestantism
2675:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:'s 1593 play
2456:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2421:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2380:Bates College
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2342:Simon Sudbury
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2184:Islamic world
2181:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:protofeminist
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:Protofeminism
2090:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:United States
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1725:Latin America
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:Technoscience
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
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2916:Mary Forster
2897:
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2865:
2857:17th century
2835:
2821:
2774:region with
2749:
2717:
2686:
2671:
2631:Laura Cereta
2618:
2595:
2586:gender roles
2579:
2563:
2552:Roger Ascham
2539:
2529:
2524:
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2510:
2500:
2488:
2478:
2465:
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2366:Savoy Palace
2319:
2310:Laura Cereta
2282:
2267:, including
2256:
2253:The Republic
2252:
2242:
2236:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2197:
2171:
2166:The Republic
2165:
2164:
2159:
2153:The Republic
2151:
2142:
2121:postfeminist
2120:
2115:
2099:
2098:
1827:Saudi Arabia
1623:South Africa
1466:Epistemology
1441:Legal theory
1360:Architecture
1350:Anthropology
1329:
1295:Gynocentrism
1159:War on women
1098:
1094:Pro-feminism
1049:Gender-blind
999:Gender quota
972:Art movement
741:Anti-fascist
675:Dianic Wicca
554:Postfeminism
429:Xenofeminism
412:Postcolonial
329:Sex-positive
4517:, 1958, 13.
4374:(1): 3–27.
4184:El Nacional
4121:12 December
4089:12 December
4050:12 December
4018:12 December
4011:Ăšltima Hora
3982:27 November
3961:27 November
3876:j.ctvnb7jkv
3420:27 November
3363:(1): 6–15.
3297:, pp.
3228:21 December
3087:Switzerland
2993:Mary Astell
2954:Waldensians
2883:(1622) and
2847:ecofeminist
2760:Eurocentric
2674:Reformation
2643:Mary Basset
2621:Renaissance
2619:The famous
2582:Renaissance
2571:Renaissance
2543:and fellow
2450:Renaissance
2439:Renaissance
1832:South Korea
1812:Philippines
1792:New Zealand
1787:Netherlands
1510:Pornography
1488:Metaphysics
1402:Criminology
1380:Film theory
1355:Archaeology
1034:Women's Day
826:Libertarian
768:Ecofeminism
685:Ecofeminist
566:Reactionary
559:Neofeminism
500:Multiracial
405:Ecofeminist
400:Materialist
243:Switzerland
223:New Zealand
4835:Categories
4812:12 (1913).
4723:Janet Todd
4405:. London.
4227:18 January
4190:16 January
4159:16 January
4142:Analéctica
3552:6 December
3492:6 December
3487:SciHi Blog
3331:, p.
3253:14 October
3136:References
3052:Aphra Behn
3028:Aphra Behn
2981:Mary Wroth
2958:Catharists
2950:heterodoxy
2935:Anne Askew
2722:, was the
2666:See also:
2400:Hrotsvitha
2395:Hrotsvitha
2382:professor
2354:poll taxes
2216:Ibn Asakir
2188:See also:
2132:See also:
2028:Categories
1930:Literature
1640:Bangladesh
1515:Psychology
1461:Empiricism
1456:Aesthetics
1451:Philosophy
1325:Patriarchy
1310:Matriarchy
1030:Girl's Day
1004:Girl power
977:In hip hop
900:Literature
858:Separatist
836:Postmodern
802:Difference
736:Analytical
680:Reclaiming
488:Indigenous
393:Standpoint
322:Separatist
174:by country
4429:cite book
4421:985840432
4318:277203534
4276:144363376
4268:0966-7350
4154:2591-5894
4114:ABC Color
3942:517501929
3909:185669321
3851:476667011
3594:0018-2370
3073:included
2962:Levellers
2827:New Spain
2614:Philip II
2554:educated
2443:Xanthippe
2320:The 1381
2249:Ibn Rushd
2205:sainthood
2201:Ibn Arabi
1918:Feminists
1730:Argentina
1690:Indonesia
1680:Hong Kong
1635:Australia
1542:Sociology
1424:Geography
1414:Economics
1305:Male gaze
1300:Kyriarchy
761:Networked
643:Christian
378:Jineology
366:Anarchist
356:Socialist
236:Francoist
188:Australia
134:Timelines
4664:, p. 29.
4544:Archived
4388:29741841
3720:. Milan.
3705:. Rouen.
3377:55501376
3163:, 1987.
3124:See also
3048:Mary Pix
2798:and the
2736:Paraguay
2732:AsunciĂłn
2598:Venetian
2562:such as
2548:Agricola
2435:Socrates
2247:(judge)
2214:scholar
2207:as men.
2104:feminism
1913:Articles
1852:Thailand
1807:Pakistan
1777:Malaysia
1760:Paraguay
1750:Honduras
1598:Ethiopia
1552:Theology
1537:Sexology
1532:Sex wars
1446:Pedagogy
1199:Outlooks
1079:Misogyny
947:Femicide
932:Equality
883:Concepts
848:Cultural
807:Equality
788:Stiletto
783:Lipstick
707:Orthodox
670:Neopagan
658:Womanist
638:Buddhist
586:Embedded
581:Imperial
576:Carceral
549:Maternal
510:Womanism
198:Colombia
85:Canadian
75:American
32:Feminism
24:a series
22:Part of
4583:7 April
4368:Chasqui
3466:14 June
3216:Plato.
2985:Eugenia
2904:Quakers
2831:Criolla
2728:GuaranĂ
2610:Cremona
2600:author
2573:, like
2389:Suffolk
2330:England
2226:hadiths
2221:ijazahs
2128:History
1867:Ukraine
1862:Vietnam
1772:Lebanon
1670:Germany
1660:Finland
1655:Denmark
1630:Albania
1618:Senegal
1613:Nigeria
1520:Therapy
1493:science
1392:Biology
843:Radical
797:Liberal
773:Eugenic
697:Islamic
633:Atheist
481:Lesbian
476:Chicana
469:Ratchet
464:Lesbian
459:Hip hop
383:Marxist
307:Lesbian
183:Austria
80:British
49:History
4684:
4464:
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4347:
4316:
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4165:Zenodo
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3008:salons
2991:, and
2891:wrote
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2845:, and
2509:wrote
2324:was a
2308:, and
2265:fitnas
1857:Turkey
1847:Taiwan
1837:Sweden
1822:Russia
1817:Poland
1802:Norway
1755:Mexico
1735:Brazil
1710:Israel
1675:Greece
1665:France
1645:Canada
1583:Africa
1471:Ethics
1268:Theory
1109:Racism
812:Social
702:Jewish
648:Mormon
606:Victim
539:Equity
505:Romani
417:Global
270:states
227:Spain
213:Kuwait
193:Canada
125:Fourth
115:Second
90:German
4384:JSTOR
4272:S2CID
3872:JSTOR
3373:S2CID
2772:Andes
2752:women
2726:of a
2682:Bible
2541:Vives
2273:Aisha
2231:'awra
2212:Sunni
2148:Plato
2144:Plato
1904:Lists
1842:Syria
1782:Nepal
1745:Haiti
1740:Chile
1720:Japan
1715:Italy
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1593:Egypt
1069:Media
817:Labor
692:Hindu
663:Asian
611:White
571:State
454:Black
371:Queer
258:Wales
208:Japan
203:India
120:Third
110:First
101:Waves
4682:ISBN
4585:2013
4462:ISBN
4435:link
4417:OCLC
4407:ISBN
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4304:ISBN
4264:ISSN
4229:2022
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4150:ISSN
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4091:2021
4078:ISBN
4052:2021
4020:2021
3984:2018
3963:2018
3938:OCLC
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3837:ISBN
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