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and a third close to the middle), and a chinstrap used to secure the helmet. Helmets are a requirement at all levels of organized football, except for non-tackle variations such as flag football. Although they are protective, players can and do still suffer head injuries such as concussion. Football helmets bear the logo of the team and the team colors. By the mid-1980s, the football helmet had become a complex, highly engineered piece of equipment. The inside of the helmets was lined with foam padding and plastic pods, or an inflatable layer designed to absorb the shock of impact and create as tight as fit as possible. In 1995. the football helmet went high-tech, when a new rule permitted quarterbacks to have a radio transmitter in their helmets, making it possible for a team’s coach to call in plays without the need for elaborate sideline semaphore.
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Bert Bell after only three preseason games. The NFL allowed dummy communication in regular-season games in 1994, 38 years after the Browns' experiment. Rather than coaches calling a time-out in order to give a play to a quarterback, many of today's teams have opted for radios inside their quarterback's helmet. The helmets are set up with a small speaker in each ear hole. Quarterback coaches or offensive coordinators on the sidelines talk to the quarterback with a radio, giving him specific plays and options. Players from the "old school" might argue that this creates an unfair advantage, but proponents say that the radio helmets make for clear coach-to-player communication, even in large, noisy games like the Super Bowl.
300:. Based on measurements taken, a helmet shell of the appropriate size and style is chosen. Then, padding is added to ensure that the helmet fits the player's head. Padding consists of both foam rubber pads and inflatable (air) pads. Both the top and side padding include inflatable bladders that customize the fit. Once the helmet is in place on the player's head, the inflater bulb is applied to two points on the outside of the helmet. The jaw pads are fitted to ensure that the lower part of the helmet is snug against the player's face. The helmets that most NFL teams use are remarkably light, and once the pads are in place, there is no movement or shifting on the player's head.
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Jerseys have a wide strip of Velcro at the rear that mates with Velcro inside the waistband of the pants. Many players apply two-sided carpet tape to their shoulder pads so that the jersey sticks to the pads. The players individually choose which of these features (if any) they will use. Each professional football player is usually equipped with a set of practice jerseys as well as four-game jerseys. Players will change jerseys at half time if it is raining. Jerseys will usually have a variety of patches affixed to the shoulders or other parts of the garment. Patches may depict the
American flag, the team
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game. The interior sides of the pants legs contain four individual pockets to hold two thigh pads (one for each leg) and two knee pads. The pads are placed in the pockets before the pants are put on in the locker room. The pants are secured with a belt, sometimes with a traditional metal buckle or with several rings. Game-used jerseys and pants are sports collectibles, with those of celebrity athletes realizing high sums.
436:, gridiron football shoewear have soles that consist of spikes called "cleats" purposefully designed for games on grass. Some cleats have removable cleats that can be screwed into specific holes. Cleat sizes are changed, depending on the conditions of the field (longer cleats provide better traction on a wet field, shorter cleats provide greater speed on a dry field). Flat bottomed shoes, called "turf shoes," are worn on
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the
Chicago sporting goods company, Sharp & Smith, created the "bicycle jockey strap" for bicycle riders (or, bicycle jockeys as they were then known). Other athletes adopted the jockey strap in their sports. A mass marketing in 1902 claimed the garment, now termed a "small comforter" was "medically installed" for all males that engaged in sports or harmful activity.
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520:"By the invention of nose armor football players who have been hitherto barred from the field because of broken or weak noses are now able to thrust an armor protected nose (even though it be broken) into the center of the roughest scrimmage without danger to the sensitive nasal organ. The armor is made of fine rubber and protects both the nose and teeth."
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There are limitations to the radio helmet though since it can be distracting for players who are not used to them. Additionally helmets with speakers are generally more expensive than traditional helmets, and they require additional maintenance and care to ensure that the speakers and microphone are
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Many receivers wear gloves that have sticky rubber palms, called tack gloves. Spray on sticky substances (such as Stick 'em) have been illegal since the 1980s. Linemen also wear gloves, for using their hands to fight off opposing linemen. The gloves worn by linemen usually are lined with very thick
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The shoulder pads consist of a hard plastic outer shell with shock-absorbing foam padding underneath. The pads fit over the shoulders and the chest and rib area, and are secured with various snaps and buckles. Shoulder pads give football players their typical "broad-shouldered" look, and are fitted
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NFL rules state that all helmets with a headset in them must have a visible green dot on the back. Since only the quarterback can have a wired helmet, it stops other players using the quarterback's helmet. A few times in 2006 the holder on the field goal attempt was told to pull up and throw or run
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The first in-helmet radio transmitter was invented in 1956 by John
Campbell and George Sarles, who approached then-Cleveland Browns owner Paul Brown to install a radio inside quarterback George Ratterman's helmet. It only resulted in game time interference, and was outlawed by then-NFL commissioner
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There are several styles of face masks and chin straps available. The selection is left to the player, with quarterbacks generally selecting more open masks with maximum visibility. Each position has a different type of face mask to balance protection and visibility. There are at least 15 different
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The professional football helmet consists of several distinct parts: the shell, jaw pads and abdomen bladders, face mask, chin strap, and mouth guard. The shell is constructed of hard plastic with thick padding on the inside, a face mask made of two or more metal bars (usually two spaced far apart
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Pants are manufactured in nylon and mesh (for hot weather practices), and nylon and spandex for a tight fit (with team colors) for games. Most pants are manufactured with the traditional lace-up fly as a zippered fly is impractical and subject to damage due to stress in the rough and tumble of the
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leagues, are often required to wear a protective cup. However, they are now not worn as often at the high school, college, and peewee level, although still highly recommended. The jockstrap is the one piece of equipment used in football that predates the sport itself. In 1874, Charles
Bennett of
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are usually nylon, with spandex side panels to keep it taut. The goal is to make it difficult for an opposing player to grab hold of the jersey and use it for leverage. To help this process: Jerseys have an extension at the bottom that wraps around from front to back to keep the jersey tucked in.
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Shoulder pads accomplish two things for a football player: (1) they absorb some of the shock of impact through deformation. The pads at the shoulders are strung on tight webbing and deform on impact, and (2) they distribute the shock through a larger pad that is designed to regulate players' body
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used in football is constructed of a wide elastic waistband with a support pouch of cotton/elastic to contain the genitals. Two wide elastic straps affixed to the base of the pouch and to the left and right sides of the waistband at the hip complete the jock. The pouch, in some varieties, may be
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The role of an equipment manager has become an important one for football teams. The equipment manager has two main areas of responsibility: first, fitting each player on the team with a customized array of equipment that will provide maximum protection against injury, and, secondly, being
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to an adult player by measuring across the player's back from shoulder blade to shoulder blade with a soft cloth measuring tape and then adding 1/2 inch. For comfort, shoulder pads are sometimes worn in conjunction with a shoulder pads cushion of foam rubber over a cotton half-tee.
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In the days before helmets, players often wore nose guards or "nose masks" or "nose armor". Football was a brutal sport before the introduction of helmets and other protective gear. Serious injuries and even deaths were common occurrences in the game. Harvard's All-American center,
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at the last second because of a change the coaches saw on the field. This gave teams an "unfair advantage" in the eyes of the NFL. The new rules let each team know who is wearing a headset and who is hearing the plays being called.
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247:. Football protective equipment has remained consistent in use for decades with some slight modifications made over the years in design and materials. The assignment and maintenance of football gear belongs to the team
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was the first to wear a visor/shield. The visors started out as clear or smoked, but now come in colors ranging from blue, gold, black, rainbow, silver, or amber. The visor/shield is used at the player's discretion.
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or tailbone. The pads are inserted into the pockets of a girdle worn under the football pants. Thigh and knee pads are made of plastics and inserted into pockets constructed inside the football pants.
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padding to better protect fingers and hands, which sometimes are caught in an opponent's face mask or are stepped on. Players are not permitted to put gels or "stick 'ems" on their gloves.
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Quilted hip pads date to the 1890s and are one of the earliest pieces of protective football gear known. Today, hip and tailbone pads are made of plastic and protect the hips,
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It is said that
Captain Cumnock, of Harvard, invented the nose armor so that Cranston, the great Harvard centre rush, who had a weak nose, could play with the crimson eleven.
235:, hip pads, tailbone pads, rib pads, and other equipment may be worn in addition to the aforementioned basics. Football protective equipment is made of synthetic materials:
207:") consists of equipment worn by football players for the protection of the body during the course of a football game. Basic equipment worn by most football players include
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facemask styles. New design for the helmet includes an integrated faceguard featuring shock absorbing "Energy Wedges" that reduce the force of impacts to the faceguard.
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invented a device that he called "nose armor." Cumnock's invention gained popularity, and in 1892, a newspaper article described the growing popularity of the device:
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responsible for the logistics of handling many pieces of equipment on a daily basis—keeping it repaired and in stock, and moving the equipment for road games.
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A recent addition to the football helmet is a visor or eye shield, traditionally used to protect players from eye injuries or glare. Former
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Newell, Kevin (January 1892). "Gridiron Greats: Football
Equipment That Scores!".
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The main purpose of these two garments is to identify the player by name and
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due to the lack of soil that causes friction and grip in artificial fields.
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temperatures during games and practices and also protects against injury.
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The Arena of
Masculinity: Sports, Homosexuality, and the Meaning of Sex
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game. In order to protect
Cranston's "weak nose," Harvard captain and
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The helmet fitting process starts by measuring the player's head with
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For the like-named gridiron football defensive lineman position, see
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564:"Leatherhead to Radio-Head: The Evolution of the Football Helmet"
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later invented the most commonly used version of the nose mask.
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605:"Are Football Helmets With Speakers The Future Of The Sport?"
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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106:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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115:"Protective equipment in gridiron football"
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776:Theismann, Joe & Tarcy, Brian (2010).
725:Long, Howie & Czarnecki, John (2003).
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166:Learn how and when to remove this message
64:Learn how and when to remove this message
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653:"The History of the Football Nose Mask"
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496:(Decatur, Illinois) of December 4, 1892
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780:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Football
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603:Smith, Andrew (April 11, 2023).
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371:fitted with a pocket to hold an
348:Jockstrap, or athletic supporter
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651:Hornung, Chris (July 2, 2017).
453:Hip, tail, thigh, and knee pads
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691:. November 29, 1892. p. 6
620:"When Did Cups Become Uncool?"
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699:– via newspapers.com.
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761:. St. Martin's Griffin.
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784:(2nd ed.). Alpha.
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733:(2nd ed.). Wiley.
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1888:Running up the score
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729:Football for Dummies
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100:improve this article
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426:Main article:
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362:Protective cup
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231:. Neck rolls,
229:protective cup
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622:. Flem File.
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588:September 29,
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503:John Cranston
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434:soccer cleats
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335:Shoulder pads
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321:Shoulder pads
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286:Chicago Bears
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213:shoulder pads
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117: –
116:
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111:Find sources:
105:
101:
95:
94:
89:This article
87:
83:
78:
77:
68:
65:
57:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
20:
19:
16:
2303:
2268:Third jersey
2263:Away colours
2167:Surf culture
2064:Cheerleading
1908:Trading card
1840:
1800:Penalty flag
1760:Film session
1699:Return yards
1633:Garbage time
1628:Untimed play
1517:Interception
1435:Forward pass
1344:Neutral zone
1246:Professional
1013:Athletic Cup
972:Away colours
941:Guardian Cap
893:
848:
779:
758:
749:
728:
717:
700:
693:. Retrieved
684:
660:. Retrieved
656:
631:. Retrieved
623:
613:
598:
586:. Retrieved
581:
572:
557:
543:
534:
523:
519:
499:
493:
478:
462:
431:
428:Cleat (shoe)
414:
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387:
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288:quarterback
283:
279:
275:
237:foam rubbers
204:
197:
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162:
153:
143:
136:
129:
122:
110:
98:Please help
93:verification
90:
60:
54:January 2018
51:
32:
15:
2400:Barra brava
2373:Rally towel
2079:Hooliganism
2018:Crowd abuse
1967:Fan loyalty
1913:Twelfth man
1846:Football IQ
1836:Concussions
1769:Officiating
1522:Muffed punt
1492:Onside kick
1207:High school
432:Similar to
290:Jim McMahon
183:Kevin Grady
156:August 2008
2486:Categories
2334:Ice hockey
2324:Basketball
2229:Fight song
2127:Beer snake
2122:Beer wench
2117:Barmy Army
2043:Trash talk
2027:Fight song
1987:Sports fan
1851:Formations
1790:Chain crew
1745:Two-a-days
1654:Completion
1642:Statistics
1575:Play clock
1550:First down
1404:Field goal
1286:Hash marks
1281:Yard lines
1195:Pop Warner
1171:Wheelchair
1166:Powderpuff
951:Revolution
913:Goal posts
768:0312050534
549:References
483:Nose guard
475:Nose guard
377:Pop Warner
366:A typical
233:elbow pads
185:wearing a
126:newspapers
2288:Rally cap
1903:Tuck rule
1883:Positions
1863:Letterman
1841:Equipment
1679:Reception
1565:Dead ball
1504:Turnovers
1482:Drop kick
1475:Touchback
1389:Touchdown
1339:Dead zone
1301:Sidelines
1296:Goal line
987:Throwback
977:Alternate
936:Face mask
931:Eyeshield
633:April 23,
442:AstroTurf
368:jockstrap
354:Jockstrap
221:jockstrap
217:knee pads
2471:Bleacher
2319:Baseball
2297:By sport
2248:Clothing
2162:Kiss cam
2132:Sledging
2048:Violence
2013:Cheering
1893:Strategy
1873:Overtime
1826:Blocking
1784:Canadian
1780:American
1776:Official
1733:Practice
1460:Hand-off
1334:Red zone
1329:End zone
1291:End line
1241:Semi-pro
1124:Glossary
1109:Canadian
1075:Glossary
1070:American
1057:concepts
965:Uniforms
459:Knee pad
422:Footwear
400:Jerseys.
298:calipers
241:elastics
2415:Roligan
2405:Casuals
2368:Pennant
2329:Cycling
2256:General
2110:Cricket
2001:Actions
1814:Related
1795:Penalty
1583:Timeout
1487:Kickoff
1440:Lateral
1382:Scoring
1251:Women's
1224:College
1212:Varsity
1080:History
982:Numbers
946:History
901:General
245:plastic
140:scholar
40:Please
2435:Ultras
2425:Tifosi
2283:Number
2008:Booing
1611:1 min.
1606:2 min.
1601:3 min.
1512:Fumble
1409:Safety
1369:Pocket
1322:Spaces
1234:Sprint
1090:Modern
1003:Cleats
956:Winged
923:Helmet
788:
765:
737:
695:May 3,
662:May 3,
624:Page 2
584:. 2005
531:Gloves
469:coccyx
467:, and
465:pelvis
415:Pants.
404:jersey
394:colors
390:number
272:helmet
255:Helmet
209:helmet
142:
135:
128:
121:
113:
2444:Other
2356:Other
2339:Rugby
2211:Songs
2185:Other
2157:Jocks
2023:Music
1878:Plays
1649:Carry
1593:Spike
1588:Kneel
1542:Downs
1274:Lines
1266:Field
1156:Touch
1146:6-man
1141:7-man
1136:8-man
1131:9-man
1104:Arena
1097:Rules
1085:Early
1063:Codes
448:Other
304:Radio
191:visor
147:JSTOR
133:books
2278:Name
2094:Tifo
2074:Haka
1856:List
1821:Ball
1694:Sack
1470:Punt
1465:Rush
1430:Snap
1364:Hole
1354:Flat
1229:Club
1151:Flag
908:Ball
786:ISBN
763:ISBN
735:ISBN
697:2020
664:2020
635:2014
628:ESPN
590:2019
409:logo
119:news
1359:Gap
1200:AYF
223:or
102:by
2488::
1782:,
716:.
687:.
683:.
672:^
655:.
643:^
626:.
580:.
396:.
251:.
239:,
211:,
203:("
2034:)
2025:(
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163:(
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154:(
144:·
137:·
130:·
123:·
96:.
67:)
61:(
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52:(
48:.
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