203:
essential to the virus life cycle. One of the proteins specified by the coronavirus genome is a non-structural protein, nsp14, that is a 3โ-to-5โ exoribonuclease (ExoN). This protein resides in the protein complex nsp10-nsp14 that enhances replication fidelity by proofreading RNA synthesis, an activity critical for the virus life cycle. Furthermore, the coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease nsp14-ExoN is required for maintaining genetic recombination generated during infection.
356:
The Cancer Genome Atlas
Network; Bainbridge; Chang; Dinh; Drummond; Fowler; Kovar; Lewis; Morgan; Newsham; Reid; Santibanez; Shinbrot; Trevino; Wu; Wang; Gunaratne; Donehower; Creighton; Wheeler; Gibbs; Lawrence; Voet; Jing; Cibulskis; Sivachenko; Stojanov; McKenna; Lander; et al. (2012).
202:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus genome encodes a replication-and transcription complex, a multisubunit protein machine that carries out viral genome replication and transcription, processes
50:
specificity, and enzyme-substrate recognition among many other processes that require enhanced specificity. The proofreading mechanisms of
Hopfield and Ninio are non-equilibrium active processes that consume ATP to enhance specificity of various biochemical reactions.
66:
activity. When an incorrect base pair is recognized, DNA polymerase reverses its direction by one base pair of DNA and excises the mismatched base. Following base excision, the polymerase can re-insert the correct base and replication can continue.
162:
mutant than in wild-type. It was proposed that the antimutator effect may be explained by both greater accuracy in nucleotide selection and an increased efficiency of removal of noncomplementary nucleotides (proofreading) by the
271:
698:
186:-plus-light, which introduces pyrimidine adducts, the rate of mutation increases. However, these mutagenic effects are inhibited when the phage's DNA synthesis is catalyzed by the
552:
Yarosh DB, Johns V, Mufti S, Bernstein C, Bernstein H (April 1980). "Inhibition of UV and psoralen-plus-light mutagenesis in phage T4 by gene 43 antimutator polymerase alleles".
268:
194:. These findings indicate that the level of induction of mutations by DNA damage can be strongly influenced by the gene 43 DNA polymerase proofreading function.
146:, showed that the DNA polymerase specified by this mutant copies DNA templates at a slower rate than the wild-type polymerase. However, the 3โ to 5โ
291:
513:"Control of mutation frequency by bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. I. The CB120 antimutator DNA polymerase is defective in strand displacement"
74:, only the polymerases that deal with the elongation (delta and epsilon) have proofreading ability (3โ โ 5โ exonuclease activity).
644:
Gribble J, Stevens LJ, Agostini ML, Anderson-Daniels J, Chappell JD, Lu X, Pruijssers AJ, Routh AL, Denison MR (January 2021).
17:
269:
Pharmamotion --> Protein synthesis inhibitors: aminoglycosides mechanism of action animation. Classification of agents
703:
711:"Proofreading Activity of DNA Polymerase Pol2 Mediates 3โฒ-End Processing during Nonhomologous End Joining in Yeast"
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gene results in a hyper-mutated genotype with >100 mutations per Mbase of DNA in human colorectal cancers.
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158:
turned over to those stably incorporated into newly formed DNA is 10 to 100 times higher in the case of the
127:
108:
287:
768:
100:, and is different in different species. For example, loss of proofreading due to mutations in the
101:
704:"DNA polymerase ฮต and ฮด proofreading suppress discrete mutator and cancer phenotypes in mice"
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646:"The coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease mediates extensive viral recombination"
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of the species and the number of genes affected by the same proofreading mechanism.
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is used in genetics to refer to the error-correcting processes, first proposed by
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662:
295:
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151:
43:
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473:
Drake JW, Allen EF (1968). "Antimutagenic DNA polymerases of bacteriophage T4".
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589:"Structural basis of mismatch recognition by a SARS-CoV-2 proofreading enzyme"
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by Joyce J. Diwan. Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute. Retrieved October 2011
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359:"Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer"
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416:"Evolution of molecular error rates and the consequences for evolvability"
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The extent of proofreading in other molecular processes can depend on the
538:
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147:
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synthesis. In this case, one mechanism is the release of any incorrect
71:
643:
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135:
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Liu C, Shi W, Becker ST, Schatz DG, Liu B, Yang Y (September 2021).
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Drake, J. W.; Charlesworth, B; Charlesworth, D; Crow, J. F. (1998).
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139:
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The extent of proofreading in DNA replication determines the
62:(I, II and III) have the ability to proofread, using 3โ โ 5โ
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antimutator polymerase, or another antimutator polymerase,
551:
709:
Tseng, Shun-Fu; Gabriel, Abram; Teng, Shu-Chun (2008).
219:
586:
220:Moldovan, G. L.; Pfander, B.; Jentsch, S. (2007).
142:than wild type. Studies of one of these mutants,
114:
197:
755:
708:
150:activity was no higher than wild-type. During
134:have been identified that have an antimutator
174:gene 43 DNA polymerase are exposed to either
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222:"PCNA, the Maestro of the Replication Fork"
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511:Gillin FD, Nossal NG (September 1976).
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138:, that is a lower rate of spontaneous
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699:Idaho U. DNA proofreading and repair
178:light, which introduces cyclobutane
27:Correction of DNA replication errors
278:Posted by Flavio Guzmรกn on 12/08/08
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566:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1980.tb02551.x
25:
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475:Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol
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309:"Rates of spontaneous mutation"
115:Bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase
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288:Translation: Protein Synthesis
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198:SARS-CoV-2 proofreading enzyme
13:
1:
530:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33149-6
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170:When phage T4 virions with a
728:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000060
663:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009226
122:gene 43 encodes the phage's
77:Proofreading also occurs in
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487:10.1101/sqb.1968.033.01.039
325:10.1093/genetics/148.4.1667
10:
800:
239:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.003
414:Rajon E, Masel J (2011).
109:effective population size
120:Bacteriophage (phage) T4
613:10.1126/science.abi9310
441:10.1073/pnas.1012918108
128:Temperature-sensitive (
102:DNA polymerase epsilon
18:Proofreading (Biology)
126:replicative enzyme.
764:Biological processes
605:2021Sci...373.1142L
554:Photochem Photobiol
432:2011PNAS..108.1082R
383:10.1038/nature11252
375:2012Natur.487..330T
182:damages in DNA, or
294:2016-03-07 at the
274:2010-03-12 at the
132:) gene 43 mutants
16:(Redirected from
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599:(6559): 1142โ6.
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369:(7407): 330โ7.
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296:Wayback Machine
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152:DNA replication
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319:(4): 1667โ86.
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232:(4): 665โ679.
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124:DNA polymerase
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87:aminoacyl-tRNA
42:, involved in
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58:, all three
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32:proofreading
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650:PLOS Pathog
517:J Biol Chem
176:ultraviolet
156:nucleotides
148:exonuclease
93:formation.
64:exonuclease
784:DNA repair
779:Hydrolases
758:Categories
481:: 339โ44.
207:References
72:eukaryotes
172:wild-type
136:phenotype
30:The term
774:Genetics
747:18437220
682:33465137
631:34315827
460:21199946
401:22810696
313:Genetics
292:Archived
272:Archived
248:17512402
184:psoralen
140:mutation
56:bacteria
738:2312331
673:7846108
622:9836006
601:Bibcode
593:Science
574:7384228
495:5254574
451:3024668
428:Bibcode
392:3401966
371:Bibcode
343:9560386
334:1460098
256:3547069
188:tsCB120
89:before
83:protein
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165:tsB120
160:tsB120
144:tsB120
252:S2CID
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678:PMID
627:PMID
570:PMID
535:PMID
491:PMID
456:PMID
420:PNAS
397:PMID
339:PMID
244:PMID
226:Cell
81:for
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733:PMC
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668:PMC
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617:PMC
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446:PMC
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