175:
1331:
785:
4057:
1978:
1004:, the Progressive Party made a major advance. In addition to Suzman, re-elected for Houghton, five other members won seats including Colin Eglin. A seventh member of the caucus was elected at a by-election soon after. Three members also won seats on the Transvaal and Cape Provincial Councils. This brought the party out of the political wilderness and set it on the path towards becoming the official opposition.
967:, the Progressive Party performed relatively well for a new party, putting up a credible performance against the United Party in many of the seats it contested, especially in the Transvaal and Natal. However, the electoral system worked to the party's disadvantage, and although it came very close in Parktown,
983:
National Party responded by extending the term of the four national coloured representative members, and ultimately abolished coloured electoral representation by 1970, thus preventing the party from winning those seats. Despite gains in some white constituencies, Suzman once again became its only MP or MPC.
918:
Dissatisfied with the supine stance of the United Party to the apartheid policies of the
Government, twelve liberal members of the United Party broke away to form the Progressive Party in 1959. The party rejected race discrimination and advocated equal opportunities for all with a qualified franchise
982:
Following the disappointing result of the election, support for the party amongst white voters had dropped substantially by 1966, and focus instead shifted towards attracting coloured votes. The
Progressive Party won two seats representing coloured voters on the Cape Provincial Council in 1965. The
914:
starting on 11 August 1959. The delegates at the Party
Congress passed policy resolutions limiting the political rights the party wished to give to Natives. The Progressives found these resolutions unacceptable.
955:. By the end of that Parliament in 1961, the group had been reduced to ten as a result of the abolition of the Native Representative seats at the end of 1960 and the resignation of one MP in January 1961.
971:
in
Houghton was the only Progressive Party candidate to actually be elected. It would be thirteen years before she again had party colleagues in Parliament. In that time Suzman was re-elected in
951:
At the session of
Parliament in 1960, the Progressive Party had twelve MPs. Eleven had been first elected for the United Party and one (a Native Representative Member) defected from the
1101:
3866:
1075:
2014:
2644:
1257:
1935:
693:
3433:
619:
979:. In those years, she singlehandedly did the work of an entire opposition party and would become a well known figure both inside South Africa and abroad.
1940:
703:
624:
540:
4091:
2891:
2595:
822:
4101:
4036:
3970:
247:
4043:
1578:
291:
3538:
2811:
2602:
2007:
1473:
766:
193:
2309:
4096:
3852:
3831:
3692:
2609:
1517:
105:
3454:
2804:
1621:
1250:
242:
1310:
1027:
Subsequently, the PRP merged with another breakaway group from the United Party, which was in sharp decline in the mid 1970s, to become the
4111:
3370:
3286:
2741:
2720:
1562:
1342:
660:
3824:
2690:
2651:
1108:
642:
638:
4081:
4061:
3503:
2859:
2480:
2000:
1179:
1133:
3887:
3748:
3671:
2961:
1920:
1429:
708:
552:
132:
993:, a former Minister and the most senior of the MPs who had left the United Party in 1959, became temporary leader. In February 1971
4086:
4029:
3817:
3552:
2884:
1915:
1554:
1243:
880:
582:
565:
3810:
3657:
3615:
3363:
3244:
2827:
2362:
2300:
1611:
1437:
1021:
876:
543:
366:
303:
89:
3908:
3873:
3391:
2588:
1733:
1384:
1147:
1079:
815:
537:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
795:
4106:
3782:
3349:
2443:
1738:
3998:
3789:
3699:
3321:
1511:
598:
587:
384:
361:
344:
938:. This meeting took place on 23–24 August 1959. The Progressive Party began its founding Congress on 13 November 1959, in
272:
3935:
3880:
3796:
3643:
3307:
2870:
2537:
2507:
1599:
1001:
976:
972:
964:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
3894:
3859:
3803:
3328:
3293:
2982:
2431:
2420:
1849:
1534:
1479:
884:
3678:
3545:
3524:
3482:
3024:
2697:
1982:
1965:
1658:
1529:
808:
612:
286:
3447:
2616:
2530:
2473:
1673:
1505:
856:
225:
4116:
3838:
3601:
3517:
3398:
3384:
3356:
2623:
2567:
1950:
1523:
1374:
1210:
989:
continued as party leader until
December 1970, but being outside Parliament he was far less visible than Suzman.
891:
389:
2776:
1285:
3587:
3496:
3251:
3010:
1404:
594:
3741:
3727:
3650:
3531:
3489:
3468:
3342:
2905:
2551:
2273:
1315:
952:
860:
761:
688:
650:
332:
267:
2783:
898:, which was founded on very different, pro-imperialist policies and which became the "Union Party" in 1908.
4005:
3949:
3775:
3664:
3636:
3573:
3265:
3123:
1549:
1467:
1379:
1320:
1280:
771:
731:
683:
186:
96:
2790:
1012:
A group of reformists broke away from the left wing of the United Party in
February 1975. Four MPs led by
3942:
3845:
3720:
3629:
3475:
2834:
1955:
1925:
1842:
1763:
1017:
907:
665:
79:
3412:
2933:
2841:
2797:
2574:
2452:
2351:
1895:
1728:
1668:
1419:
1399:
1389:
1230:
868:
736:
379:
260:
206:
3956:
3594:
3426:
3419:
3377:
3091:
3038:
2926:
2877:
2658:
2316:
1960:
1885:
1616:
1594:
1584:
1369:
1028:
746:
577:
572:
404:
325:
213:
137:
1330:
3768:
3031:
2683:
1930:
1905:
1693:
1573:
1490:
1394:
1266:
713:
698:
160:
127:
3405:
3300:
3167:
3017:
2898:
2630:
2413:
2323:
1945:
1775:
1220:
277:
237:
1295:
2975:
2940:
2142:
1718:
1447:
1305:
756:
655:
356:
3510:
3440:
3335:
3230:
3084:
2734:
2514:
2427:
2222:
2042:
1890:
1875:
1683:
1589:
1364:
3258:
3144:
2912:
2848:
2581:
2344:
2337:
2289:
2072:
1835:
1215:
948:, a former Cape leader of the United Party, was elected the first leader of the new Party.
117:
174:
8:
3713:
3685:
3559:
3077:
3070:
3003:
2968:
2919:
2399:
2206:
1828:
1708:
1653:
1631:
1359:
1300:
789:
751:
741:
2406:
1807:
1781:
931:
840:
112:
37:
3991:
3977:
3314:
3130:
2954:
2544:
2134:
2064:
1880:
1800:
1225:
1173:
1127:
1992:
1290:
1154:
926:, organized the new party. The first meeting of the Group took place at the home of
3915:
3279:
2989:
2769:
2459:
2214:
2182:
2118:
1910:
1769:
1606:
1485:
923:
1065:
In No
Uncertain Terms – A South African Memoir, Helen Suzman, Alfred A Knopf, 1993
890:
The
Progressive Party of South Africa is not to be confused with the much earlier
3237:
3151:
3045:
2713:
2637:
2558:
2282:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2126:
1870:
1756:
1723:
1678:
1639:
1568:
935:
372:
218:
3984:
3706:
3580:
3223:
3137:
2820:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2466:
2392:
2238:
2198:
1688:
1495:
1409:
1048:
990:
230:
4075:
3901:
3622:
2727:
2706:
2676:
2669:
2378:
1713:
1698:
1500:
1462:
1414:
1013:
628:
1663:
3566:
3175:
2996:
2947:
2110:
2024:
1900:
1235:
1191:
Source of the information used to assist in the writing of this article is
986:
968:
945:
939:
927:
911:
872:
349:
296:
48:
3159:
2102:
1821:
994:
895:
864:
308:
53:
1076:"Helen Zille on the PFP and the DA – full text « the Wild Frontier"
3734:
3272:
2385:
2330:
2190:
2174:
1205:
101:
3193:
3184:
3115:
2521:
2498:
2487:
1814:
1703:
1457:
852:
848:
337:
1024:, following Congresses held in Johannesburg on 25 and 26 July 1975.
3963:
3461:
3106:
2230:
2087:
1193:
A Cricket in the Thorn Tree: Helen Suzman and the
Progressive Party
2371:
1049:"BBC News – Africa – Democratic Party return from the wilderness"
1020:. The Reform Party merged with the Progressive Party to form the
3098:
2254:
2033:
847:) was a liberal party in South Africa which, during the era of
2246:
906:
The Progressive Party was formed by members who had left the
855:
of the all-white parliament. The party represented the legal
859:
within South Africa's white minority. It opposed the ruling
1195:
by Joanna Strangwayes-Booth (Hutchinson of London, 1976)
16:
Defunct political party in apartheid-era South Africa.
2022:
620:
Department of International Relations and Cooperation
887:
considers the party to be its earliest predecessor.
910:following the United Party Union Congress held in
4073:
1579:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
2812:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
1474:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
29:
2008:
1251:
816:
1265:
1518:South African Liberal Students' Association
1007:
2015:
2001:
1258:
1244:
823:
809:
4092:Defunct political parties in South Africa
1140:
997:from Cape Town was elected party leader.
965:General Election, held on 18 October 1961
4102:Political parties disestablished in 1975
2885:Reconstruction and Development Programme
2481:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
1002:next General Election, on 24 April 1974
863:'s racial policies, and championed the
153:This article is part of a series on the
4074:
2962:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
1178:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1132:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4097:Political parties established in 1959
1996:
1239:
922:A Progressive Group of MPs led by Dr
1512:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
958:
4112:1959 establishments in South Africa
2892:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2538:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
1600:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
867:. For 13 years, its only member of
13:
1535:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
1480:Congress of South African Students
1329:
173:
14:
4128:
4082:Defunct liberal political parties
4044:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
3679:South African Party (Cape Colony)
4056:
4055:
1977:
1976:
1770:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
1506:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
783:
4087:Liberal parties in South Africa
3693:South African Party (1977–1980)
3686:South African Party (1911–1934)
3602:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
3399:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
1524:South African Students Congress
1211:Contributions to liberal theory
3011:2019 service delivery protests
2997:#FeesMustFall student protests
2742:1983 constitutional referendum
1438:South Africa political parties
1094:
1068:
1059:
1041:
1:
3469:Johannesburg Reform Committee
2698:Israel–South Africa Agreement
2091:
2076:
2053:
2046:
1674:(Don't) touch me on my studio
1530:South African Wine Initiative
1034:
953:Liberal Party of South Africa
762:Politics of the Northern Cape
268:National Council of Provinces
4107:Anti-Apartheid organisations
3124:Black Consciousness Movement
2878:Government of National Unity
1622:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
1468:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
919:with a common voter's roll.
772:Politics of the Western Cape
732:Politics of the Eastern Cape
7:
2835:Saint James Church massacre
2721:Weapons of mass destruction
1850:No Land! No House! No Vote!
1764:No Land! No House! No Vote!
1199:
901:
875:. It was later renamed the
10:
4133:
2575:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
2453:South West Africa campaign
2352:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
2317:French Huguenot settlement
1231:Liberalism in South Africa
737:Politics of the Free State
4053:
4030:African National Congress
4019:
3925:
3758:
3490:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
3213:
3204:
3062:
2858:
2828:1992 apartheid referendum
2497:
2442:
2361:
2299:
2272:
2265:
2031:
1974:
1863:
1790:
1748:
1647:
1630:
1617:Treatment Action Campaign
1595:Landless Peoples Movement
1563:South Africa trade unions
1548:
1445:
1428:
1352:
1341:
1327:
1273:
1029:Progressive Federal Party
881:Progressive Federal Party
747:Politics of KwaZulu-Natal
583:Metropolitan municipality
123:
111:
95:
85:
75:
67:
59:
47:
23:
3483:Labour Party (1969–1994)
3476:Labour Party (1910–1958)
3032:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
2990:#RhodesMustFall protests
2589:1960 republic referendum
1936:Political assassinations
1612:Social Justice Coalition
1574:Mandela Park Backyarders
1267:Politics of South Africa
1022:Progressive Reform Party
1008:Merger with Reform Party
877:Progressive Reform Party
694:Political assassinations
566:Administrative divisions
304:Leader of the Opposition
128:Politics of South Africa
90:Progressive Reform Party
3928:terrorist organisations
3018:2019 Johannesburg riots
2631:Constructive engagement
2596:International isolation
2414:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
1776:One Settler, One Bullet
1221:List of liberal parties
857:opposition to apartheid
790:South Africa portal
367:Supreme Court of Appeal
278:Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane
113:Political position
4117:1975 disestablishments
2941:Attack on Kennedy Road
2552:Congress of the People
2143:South African Republic
1734:Anti-Chinese sentiment
1719:White monopoly capital
1585:Poor People's Alliance
1335:
844:
767:Politics of North West
757:Politics of Mpumalanga
639:Diplomatic missions of
178:
30:
3511:Natal Indian Congress
3231:Afrikaner Broederbond
3085:Afrikaner nationalism
2871:1994 general election
2842:Bophuthatswana crisis
2735:Church Street bombing
2515:Apartheid legislation
2508:1948 general election
2428:South Africa Act 1909
2223:Union of South Africa
2043:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
2023:Political history of
1921:Legacies of apartheid
1782:"Each One, Teach One"
1739:Anti-Indian sentiment
1684:Proudly South African
1590:Abahlali baseMjondolo
1365:Afrikaner nationalism
1333:
851:, was considered the
588:District municipality
177:
3145:Greater South Africa
2983:2014 platinum strike
2849:Shell House massacre
2777:Transkei coup d'état
2582:Sharpeville massacre
2345:Battle of Blaauwberg
2338:Battle of Muizenberg
2290:Battle of Salt River
2073:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1941:Political repression
1836:Long Walk to Freedom
1334:Flag of South Africa
1216:Liberalism worldwide
883:in 1977. The modern
362:Constitutional Court
345:Deputy Chief Justice
4037:Democratic Alliance
3214:Civic and political
3078:Afrikaner Calvinism
3071:African nationalism
2920:African Renaissance
2610:UNSC Resolution 591
2531:Internal resistance
2432:National Convention
2400:Transvaal Civil War
2324:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
2207:Orange River Colony
1931:Phala Phala robbery
1829:I Write What I Like
1654:African Renaissance
1380:Black consciousness
1360:African nationalism
1114:on 3 September 2013
885:Democratic Alliance
752:Politics of Limpopo
742:Politics of Gauteng
726:Provincial politics
385:Magistrate's courts
2784:Ciskei coup d'état
2603:UN Resolution 1761
2568:Women's March 1956
2421:South African Wars
2407:Mineral Revolution
1336:
879:in 1975, and then
845:Progressiewe Party
179:
31:Progressiewe Party
4069:
4068:
4022:political parties
4015:
4014:
3992:Orde van die Dood
3609:Progressive Party
3315:Congress Alliance
3131:Cape Independence
3063:Political culture
3058:
3057:
3025:COVID-19 pandemic
2955:Marikana massacre
2791:Venda coup d'état
2545:Defiance Campaign
2135:Orange Free State
2065:Dutch Cape Colony
1990:
1989:
1881:Cape Independence
1859:
1858:
1801:African Communist
1757:Amandla Ngawethu!
1659:Alternative media
1648:Political culture
1640:South African law
1544:
1543:
1430:Political parties
1226:Liberal democracy
1082:on 2 October 2015
959:Electoral history
892:Progressive Party
837:Progressive Party
833:
832:
661:Visa requirements
613:Foreign relations
553:Political parties
287:National Assembly
164:
146:
145:
133:Political parties
26:Progressive Party
4124:
4059:
4058:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3926:Paramilitary and
3918:
3916:Umkosi Wezintaba
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3761:social movements
3759:Trade unions and
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3280:Boerestaat Party
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3211:
3210:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3163:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3110:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3051:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2770:Dakar Conference
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2700:
2693:
2691:Israeli alliance
2686:
2679:
2672:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2645:Sporting boycott
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2617:Academic boycott
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2474:Great Depression
2469:
2462:
2460:Maritz rebellion
2455:
2435:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2310:Dutch settlement
2292:
2285:
2283:Bantu migrations
2270:
2269:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2215:Transvaal Colony
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2183:Nieuwe Republiek
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2119:Natalia Republic
2114:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2088:Ndwandwe Kingdom
2083:
2081:
2078:
2068:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1980:
1979:
1916:Land occupations
1911:Labour brokering
1843:Molotov Cocktail
1746:
1745:
1607:Reclaim the City
1555:Social movements
1486:Earthlife Africa
1385:Environmentalism
1350:
1349:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1153:. Archived from
1152:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1107:. Archived from
1106:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1078:. Archived from
1072:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1045:
924:Bernard Friedman
825:
818:
811:
788:
787:
786:
546:
526:
500:
226:Deputy President
167:
162:
154:
148:
147:
86:Merged into
41:
33:
21:
20:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3427:HNP (Herstigte)
3425:
3420:HNP (Herenigde)
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3238:Afrikaner Party
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3206:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3166:
3157:
3152:Honorary whites
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3054:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2913:Soweto bombings
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2714:Soweto Uprising
2712:
2705:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2638:Tar Baby Option
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:Freedom Charter
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2438:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2159:Griqualand West
2157:
2151:Griqualand East
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2027:
2021:
1991:
1986:
1970:
1951:Sexual violence
1871:Corrective rape
1855:
1792:
1786:
1744:
1724:Ungovernability
1679:Freedom Charter
1643:
1626:
1569:Equal Education
1553:
1540:
1449:
1441:
1424:
1344:
1337:
1325:
1269:
1264:
1202:
1188:
1187:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1160:on 3 March 2016
1157:
1150:
1148:"Archived copy"
1146:
1145:
1141:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1102:"Archived copy"
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1010:
961:
904:
829:
800:
796:Other countries
784:
782:
777:
776:
727:
719:
718:
679:
671:
670:
651:Nationality law
647:
643:in South Africa
635:
615:
605:
604:
568:
558:
557:
547:
536:
527:
510:
501:
415:
407:
397:
396:
390:Electoral Court
373:Mahube Molemela
328:
318:
317:
263:
253:
252:
219:Cyril Ramaphosa
209:
199:
198:
189:
165:
161:
152:
142:
104:
76:Split from
43:
42:
35:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4130:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4067:
4066:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4025:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3985:Ossewabrandwag
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3728:Unionist Party
3724:
3717:
3710:
3707:Torch Commando
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3581:Orde Boerevolk
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3357:DP (1989–2000)
3353:
3350:DP (1973–1977)
3346:
3343:Dominion Party
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3224:Afrikaner Bond
3219:
3217:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3164:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3138:Day of the Vow
3134:
3127:
3120:
3111:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2906:Floor crossing
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2866:
2864:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2821:Bisho massacre
2817:
2816:
2815:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2763:Operation Vula
2759:
2756:Rubicon speech
2752:
2749:Langa massacre
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2511:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2467:Rand Rebellion
2463:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2393:Boer Republics
2389:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2278:
2276:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2239:Bophuthatswana
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2199:Klein Vrystaat
2195:
2187:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2084:
2069:
2061:
2038:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1750:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1699:Tenderpreneurs
1696:
1691:
1689:Rainbow nation
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1559:
1557:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1496:Khanya College
1493:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1410:Pan-Africanism
1407:
1405:Libertarianism
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1185:
1139:
1093:
1067:
1058:
1053:news.bbc.co.uk
1039:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1009:
1006:
991:Harry Lawrence
960:
957:
903:
900:
861:National Party
831:
830:
828:
827:
820:
813:
805:
802:
801:
799:
798:
792:
779:
778:
775:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
711:
709:Social Welfare
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
680:
678:Related topics
677:
676:
673:
672:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
646:
645:
634:
633:
632:
631:
616:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
595:Municipalities
592:
591:
590:
585:
575:
569:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
550:
549:
548:
535:
530:
529:
528:
509:
504:
503:
502:
414:
408:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
393:
392:
387:
382:
377:
376:
375:
364:
354:
353:
352:
342:
341:
340:
329:
324:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
314:
313:
312:
311:
301:
300:
299:
284:
283:
282:
281:
280:
264:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
248:Shadow Cabinet
245:
240:
235:
234:
233:
231:Paul Mashatile
223:
222:
221:
210:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
194:Bill of Rights
190:
185:
184:
181:
180:
170:
169:
157:
156:
144:
143:
141:
140:
135:
130:
124:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
106:Anti-apartheid
99:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
51:
45:
44:
28:
25:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4129:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4064:
4063:
4052:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4018:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3924:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3902:Die Spoorbund
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3742:Workers Party
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:Radio Freedom
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:Oranjewerkers
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:organisations
3212:
3209:
3207:organisations
3203:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3004:Tshwane riots
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:Project Coast
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2707:Mafeje affair
2704:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:Durban Moment
2674:
2671:
2670:Rivonia Trial
2667:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:Disinvestment
2621:
2618:
2614:
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3721:United Party
3630:Reform Party
3608:
3567:Orangia Unie
3192:
3183:
3176:Swart gevaar
3174:
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3114:
3105:
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2948:Blikkiesdorp
2274:Pre-colonial
2127:Natal Colony
2111:Zulu Kingdom
2025:South Africa
1981:
1901:Gupta family
1896:Farm attacks
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
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1637:
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1550:Trade unions
1476:(CONTRALESA)
1435:
1321:Western Cape
1281:Eastern Cape
1192:
1162:. Retrieved
1155:the original
1142:
1116:. Retrieved
1109:the original
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:the original
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1026:
1018:Reform Party
1011:
999:
987:Jan Steytler
985:
981:
969:Helen Suzman
962:
950:
946:Jan Steytler
944:
940:Johannesburg
928:Helen Suzman
921:
917:
912:Bloemfontein
908:United Party
905:
889:
873:Helen Suzman
836:
834:
684:Human rights
532:Referendums
350:Mandisa Maya
297:Thoko Didiza
187:Constitution
166:South Africa
151:
80:United Party
18:
3160:Rooi gevaar
3039:2021 unrest
2969:Nkandlagate
2798:Third Force
2659:Rugby union
2257:(1981–1994)
2249:(1979–1994)
2241:(1977–1994)
2233:(1976–1994)
2225:(1910–1961)
2217:(1902–1910)
2209:(1902–1910)
2201:(1886–1891)
2193:(1885–1887)
2185:(1884–1888)
2177:(1882–1885)
2169:(1882–1883)
2161:(1870–1873)
2153:(1861–1879)
2145:(1856–1902)
2137:(1854–1902)
2129:(1843–1910)
2121:(1839–1843)
2113:(1816–1897)
2105:(1795–1910)
2103:Cape Colony
2095: 1780
2080: 1780
2067:(1652–1806)
2057: 1220
2050: 1075
1966:Third Force
1956:Shack fires
1793:periodicals
1274:By province
995:Colin Eglin
896:Cape Colony
865:rule of law
666:Visa policy
371:President:
309:John Hlophe
273:Chairperson
261:Legislature
243:Departments
163:Politics of
118:Centre-left
54:Colin Eglin
4076:Categories
3971:Greyshirts
3735:Volksparty
3273:Black Sash
2934:Xenophobia
2927:Travelgate
2684:Border War
2488:Bantustans
2386:Great Trek
2331:Xhosa Wars
2191:Upingtonia
2175:Stellaland
1729:Xenophobia
1669:Corruption
1420:Trotskyism
1400:Liberalism
1390:Federalism
1353:Ideologies
1311:North West
1306:Mpumalanga
1286:Free State
1206:Liberalism
1164:26 January
1086:24 October
1035:References
869:parliament
704:Repression
506:Municipal
380:High Court
102:Liberalism
3194:Volkstaat
3185:Uitlander
3116:Boerehaat
3092:Anarchism
2899:Arms Deal
2862:apartheid
2522:Pass laws
2499:Apartheid
2444:1910–1948
2363:1815–1910
2301:1652–1815
1961:Terrorism
1891:e-tolling
1886:Elections
1815:ANC Today
1791:Books and
1704:Toyi-toyi
1491:Keep Left
1458:AfriForum
1448:political
1370:Anarchism
1345:movements
1343:Political
1031:in 1977.
932:Transvaal
853:left wing
849:apartheid
841:Afrikaans
578:Districts
573:Provinces
405:Elections
338:Ray Zondo
326:Judiciary
214:President
207:Executive
138:Elections
68:Dissolved
38:Afrikaans
4062:Category
3964:Boeremag
3462:Jeugkrag
3413:Het Volk
3107:Baasskap
3049:incident
2652:Olympics
2231:Transkei
2034:polities
2032:Defunct
1983:Category
1946:Protests
1906:HIV/AIDS
1694:Renaming
1581:(PASSOP)
1395:Feminism
1375:Anti-war
1200:See also
1174:cite web
1128:cite web
936:Houghton
934:seat of
902:Creation
714:Taxation
699:Protests
656:Passport
625:Minister
411:General
97:Ideology
3867:SAAPAWU
3205:Defunct
3168:Slavery
2372:Mfecane
1926:Lindela
1808:Amandla
1749:Slogans
1526:(SASCO)
1520:(SALSA)
1514:(PAGAD)
1482:(COSAS)
1301:Limpopo
1291:Gauteng
1000:At the
963:At the
894:of the
292:Speaker
238:Cabinet
60:Founded
3818:FOSATU
3672:SAYRCO
3644:SADECO
3560:Occupy
3099:Azania
3047:Lady R
2976:Racism
2805:CODESA
2266:Events
2255:Ciskei
2167:Goshen
2097:–1819)
2082:–1817)
1709:Ubuntu
1664:Azania
1537:(ZACF)
1508:(LGEP)
1446:Other
1118:23 May
357:Courts
49:Leader
34:
3999:PAGAD
3895:SATUC
3888:SARHU
3874:SACTU
3853:NURHS
3811:FNETU
3797:CTSWU
3790:CNETU
3783:BLATU
3665:SAYCO
3553:NUSAS
3434:IDASA
3245:AITUP
2860:Post-
2247:Venda
1876:Crime
1864:Other
1470:(AWB)
1158:(PDF)
1151:(PDF)
1112:(PDF)
1105:(PDF)
4006:SANF
3936:APLA
3881:SAIF
3860:PAWE
3846:NEUM
3839:MUSA
3804:FCWU
3749:WOSA
3700:TNIP
3658:SASO
3651:SAIC
3637:SABP
3588:PAVN
3322:COSG
3301:CTEG
3294:CNIP
1822:Biko
1638:see
1561:see
1436:see
1180:link
1166:2018
1134:link
1120:2012
1088:2015
977:1970
975:and
973:1966
871:was
835:The
599:list
544:1992
541:1983
538:1960
524:2021
521:2016
518:2011
515:2006
512:2000
498:2024
495:2019
492:2014
489:2009
486:2004
483:1999
480:1994
477:1989
474:1987
471:1984
468:1981
465:1977
462:1974
459:1970
456:1966
453:1961
450:1958
447:1953
444:1948
441:1943
438:1938
435:1933
432:1929
429:1924
426:1921
423:1920
420:1915
417:1910
71:1975
63:1959
3957:BBB
3950:AWB
3943:ARM
3909:UDF
3832:IWW
3825:ICU
3776:BCM
3769:APF
3714:UFP
3616:PRP
3595:PFP
3546:NRP
3539:NPP
3525:NNP
3518:NLP
3504:NCP
3455:ISL
3406:GNP
3378:ECC
3371:DSM
3364:DPP
3336:DLF
3308:COD
3287:CDA
3266:BPC
3259:AVF
3252:APO
1632:Law
1552:and
4078::
3978:MK
3532:NP
3497:NA
3448:IP
3441:ID
3392:FD
3385:FA
3329:CP
2092:c.
2077:c.
2054:c.
2047:c.
1176:}}
1172:{{
1130:}}
1126:{{
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40:)
36:(
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