844:
521:
874:
886:
750:
859:
623:, commonly known as the "Deluge". She wished to change the voting system of the Polish Senate and to grant the king more power. However, she was unable to do so, as such actions would result in a rebellion of the higher and wealthy classes that could possibly devastate the economy of the Commonwealth. She had no qualms to achieve her objectives. Marie Louise opposed Commonwealth's policy of religious toleration, believed that Poland was a "place of shelter for heretics" and wanted them burnt at the stake.
655:
42:
685:, where she directed the army to fight against the invaders. She vividly tried to establish contact with all citizens who resisted the Swedes. Marie also developed an extensive diplomatic campaign aimed at receiving help from other European rulers and monarchs. To acquire the aid of the Habsburgs, she would not even hesitate to hand over the Polish-Lithuanian throne after the death of John Casimir. She participated and also worked on setting the peace conditions with Sweden -
733:(Beat the French, impale the French...). To decide between the court and the opposition, however, there was fighting not in words but on the battlefield. The so-called Sejm of Lubomirski sentenced Lubomirski to infamy and ordered the confiscation of his property. A proud magnate who believed that he would be elected the next king and grand duke, Lubomirski has rejected the proposal of reconciliation and openly challenged King John II Casimir. In 1665, Lubomirski announced
825:
559:
1195:
806:, through adultery, but there is no confirmation to these rumours. She certainly had a close relationship with Marie Casimire, whom she educated on political matters and according to Robert Nisbet Bain, spoiled her in the process. After Marie Louise had to give up her project of bringing Duke d'Enghien to Poland, she centred her hope on Sobieski and the marriage between her two protegés (which happened).
594:, who was described as extremely stubborn, self-centered and overwhelmingly supporting the nobility. Marie Louise opposed it and sought to decrease the power of the nobles in Parliament. Intelligent, tenacious and with a strong personality, she not only supported John Casimir many times but also guided him throughout the entire political and several military campaigns. That was noticed by a
757:
The great effort put into the stabilization of the economy and the subsequent political disaster rapidly affected the health of the queen, who was suffering from fever, severe weight loss, constant coughing and a permanently bleeding nose. She was dying and knew towards the end, she would be unable
813:, she was without a doubt the most energetic and the most important Polish queen and Lithuanian grand duchess of the modern age and played an instrumental role in repulsing the Swedish armies during the Deluge, but it was her stubborn nature and ambitious plans for reform that led to her demise.
740:
In the aftermath of the battle, elite regiments of the royal Polish Army were executed by the rebels (in total, the army had lost almost 4,000 of its most experienced men). On 31 July, at the village of
Legowice, the King and Lubomirski signed an agreement. John II Casimir and Marie Louise were
598:
diplomat, Hoverberk, who stated in his diaries that "by incessant insistence, molestation, complaints and other tricks she controlled the poor king and therefore the entire ill-fated country itself." In contrast to her husband, Marie Louise was reportedly not sympathetic towards the servants,
585:
was eventually elected the next King of Poland and Grand Duke of
Lithuania by the parliament, and married her on 30 May 1649. During an 18-year marriage with John Casimir, she gave birth to two children, Maria Anna Teresa and John Sigismund, who died in infancy. She also suffered several
638:. Marie Louise also strongly followed French cultural patterns and introduced new French customs to the Commonwealth. She was known to wear only French clothing and to collect small memorabilia like coins, jewellery and perfume bottles, which was a common practice during the reign of
795:, an Italian polymath (one of the first Egyptologists), who also designed "flying machines". He lived in Poland since the early 1650s. As a former salonist in France, she opened a literary salon in Poland, the first in the country. She was the patron of the next king and grand duke,
698:(Latin meaning "for the life of the king"). At first, she used different methods to build up the party gathered around the court and started a propaganda campaign, which aimed to reform the public acceptance of the nobility. At the same time, she was determined for her niece,
758:
to fulfil at least a few of her ambitious but nearly impossible plans. Lying on her deathbed, she forbade the servants and guards to call for her husband, who was then busy taking part in an important
Parliament session. Marie Louise died unexpectedly in
676:
Marie Louise's features, persistence and determination, combined with her great diligence and courage, were particularly highlighted during the
Swedish invasion. Reportedly she risked her life on the front lines and after the defeat, was forced to leave
770:. John II Casimir, shocked by the sudden death of his wife and in deep grief, abdicated the Polish-Lithuanian throne a year later as he was not able by himself to cope with the heavy burden of responsibility of a Polish-Lithuanian ruler.
520:
517:, the rivals of the French state and a possible future threat to France. Mazarin insisted for Marie Louise to marry the widowed sovereign, and in cruel but purposeful ways, he made sure that she was the only candidate.
843:
589:
Once she officially became queen once more, Marie Louise immediately focused on influencing the political views of her new husband. Marie Louise believed that she was more able to control John
Casimir rather than his
618:
were shocked at the queen's political meddling and believed that no foreign woman should interfere. Nevertheless, she played an instrumental role in leading Poland and
Lithuania in repulsing the Swedish during the
634:, princes and wealthy landowners and eventually serve as a defensive shield if the higher classes decided to rebel against the government, one of the most well-known examples being her relative and favourite
599:
peasants and lower classes but sought to achieve the set goals and was determined to strengthen the Polish-Lithuanian nation in case of war against the powerful and dangerous eastern empires: the
468:
with the
Princess, who had added some innovations to the game. She told Marolles to publish her version which he did. His account is the oldest known set of printed rules of the game of Tarot.
374:, the heir apparent to the Polish-Lithuanian throne. That resulted in a military conflict with the internal opposition, which ended with the defeat of the royal army in 1666, during the
345:. Marie Louise exuded considerable influence over her second husband and dictated the political course in the country. An ambitious and energetic woman, she was a strong supporter of an
873:
692:
During the invasion, the queen reached the peak of her popularity, but that quickly passed after the presentation of the draft reform; the strengthening of royal power and election
524:
Ceremony of the
Contract of Marriage between Vladislas IV, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, with Louise Marie of Gonzaga, Princess of Mantua, at Fontainbleau etching by
1782:
710:
and Grand Duke of
Lithuania. This enraged the wealthier classes and the nobles, who accused her of meddling the Commonwealth into French politics that were hostile towards
17:
1644:
2106:
729:
and broader masses of the nobility. That also influenced the peasants and lower classes and their attitude was reflected in the well-known saying and rhyme
378:. After Marie Louise's death, John Casimir hesitatingly renounced the crown, and the Commonwealth government officially curtailed the prerogatives of the
737:, and his army entered the Commonwealth. On 13 July 1666, he faced the royal army under the King himself at Mątwy. Lubomirski's forces were victorious.
1697:
539:
nations Marie Louise
Gonzaga finally married Władysław by proxy on 5 November 1645. The proper wedding of Marie Louise and Władysław IV took place in
2321:
2058:
803:
2326:
2063:
1516:
547:) and the strongly zealous nobility to change her name from Marie Louise to Ludwika Maria for the marriage to take place, as the given name
1654:
1157:
Frost, R. I. (2013). "The Ethiopian and the Elephant? Queen Louise Marie Gonzaga and Queenship in an Elective Semi-Monarchy, 1645–1667".
741:
forced to give up their plans of reform and were obliged to declare amnesty for the rebels, while Lubomirski signed a letter of apology.
341:
with whom she did not have a harmonious relationship. After his death in 1648, the widowed queen married his half-brother and successor,
885:
614:
Marie Louise was an active and energetic woman, with ambitious economic and political plans for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The
2132:
1322:
1303:
2099:
1857:
1608:
2371:
357:. She, nevertheless, remained active in the Commonwealth's politics and co-sponsored the foundation of the first Polish newspaper,
1802:
1623:
1547:
1388:
1336:
1199:
1016:
370:(1655–1660), she became increasingly unpopular for her absolutist policies and her intention of nominating her niece's husband,
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1827:
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1521:
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2255:
2010:
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788:
2416:
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1414:
824:
2273:
2269:
1542:
1501:
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315:
60:
2401:
2386:
2115:
1683:
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1367:
1104:
1039:
496:
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set with small diamonds. After the queen's death her jewels were inherited by her sister Anne de Gonzague de Clèves.
2296:
2198:
2033:
1613:
1557:
434:
996:
2421:
1562:
858:
799:, who would follow the example of trying to reform the Commonwealth's legal system, also without major success.
703:
371:
1296:
1056:
809:
The long reign of Marie Louise Gonzaga is poorly assessed by both contemporaries and historians. Together with
2426:
1706:
1480:
1465:
359:
2411:
2376:
2431:
1890:
1628:
1470:
630:. She brought many noble ladies to the Polish-Lithuanian court from France who would be obliged to marry
620:
366:
While her role is regarded as crucial in repulsing the foreign forces out of Poland-Lithuania during the
1133:
Parrott, David (1997). "The Mantuan Succession, 1627–31: A Sovereignty Dispute in Early Modern Europe".
1582:
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241:
2336:
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1822:
1747:
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1079:
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with whom she had an early affair. She later invited Prince John Casimir to France for her annual
425:
The first proposal for her to marry the newly elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania,
1939:
1867:
1797:
1254:
529:
492:
283:
56:
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At first, success was certain, because the majority of senators supported her plans and opposed
415:
2250:
2005:
1742:
1649:
1341:
591:
506:
426:
338:
310:(1494–1557), she is regarded as one of the most influential and powerful queen consorts of the
161:
2331:
2068:
1094:
1029:
1664:
910:
635:
552:
1752:
2366:
2361:
2301:
2123:
2038:
1957:
1722:
1511:
920:
792:
734:
671:
582:
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411:
186:
1877:
8:
1970:
1947:
1919:
1727:
1073:
354:
275:
215:
2291:
2216:
2141:
2028:
1975:
1885:
1792:
1398:
1393:
1357:
1176:
1172:
461:
403:
330:
251:
2235:
1990:
2188:
1924:
1914:
1852:
1837:
1757:
1180:
1100:
1035:
834:
796:
779:
749:
659:
608:
566:
476:
346:
311:
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210:
47:
1817:
915:
2230:
2203:
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1985:
1895:
1812:
1767:
1762:
1475:
1434:
1424:
1312:
1213:
1168:
1138:
802:
Rumours pointed her out as the mother of her successor as queen and grand duchess,
514:
465:
367:
231:
509:
was determined to diminish and destroy the alliance between the Polish-Lithuanian
1929:
1847:
1807:
1772:
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686:
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342:
303:
291:
267:
219:
138:
487:
Queen of Poland, Grand Duchess of Lithuania, politics and conflict with nobility
2183:
1737:
1587:
1429:
865:
707:
654:
604:
600:
536:
2084:
1142:
731:"Bij Francuzów bij, wziąwszy dobry kij, wal Francuzów wal, wbijaj ich na pal!"
41:
2355:
1965:
1906:
1832:
1714:
1439:
1383:
1126:
Les ducs de Nevers et l'État royal: genèse d'un compromis (ca 1550 - ca 1600)
850:
525:
379:
951:
1675:
1572:
694:
663:
510:
1075:
Slavonic Europe a Political History of Poland and Russia from 1447 to 1796
2240:
1995:
953:
Early 17th Century French Tarot (according to the Abbé de Marolles, 1637)
810:
627:
595:
363:(Polish Mercury Ordinary), in 1661 as well as other public institutions.
307:
2164:
639:
442:
75:
957:
774:
643:
457:
441:. This decision was very unfavourable for France and greatly angered
414:
strongly opposed the marriage and subsequently imprisoned her in the
2193:
1031:
The 17th and 18th Centuries: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 4
892:
763:
558:
142:
1281:
615:
570:
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on 10 March 1646. She was forced by the Commonwealth's parliament (
500:
2173:
333:, Marie was brought up at the French court as the future bride of
1732:
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715:
711:
682:
631:
419:
226:
1194:
759:
719:
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563:
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391:
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Marie Louise Gonzaga was born on 18 August 1611 in the town of
322:
126:
109:
2131:
578:
480:
1137:. CXII, Issue 445, February (445). Oxford Academic: 20–65.
626:
Marie Louise made use of bribery and false promises to the
544:
879:
King Władysław and Prince John Casimir with Marie Louise
649:
968:
966:
933:
535:
Under the pressure of the French government and other
445:
because of the newly established alliance between the
429:, was made in 1634, but Władysław eventually married
1096:
On Bits And Pieces: Along With Crooked Lines Cycle A
963:
681:, she did not lose her faith in victory and went to
349:
for which she was reviled by certain spheres of the
385:
2281:
997:"Ludwika Maria Gonzaga – ambitna żona dwóch Wazów"
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
577:Two years later, on 20 May 1648, Marie Louise was
783:(The Polish Mercury, 1661), and the first Polish
464:, visited Nevers and had the opportunity to play
2353:
562:Queen Marie Louise of Poland and Lithuania with
551:was then considered in Poland reserved only for
2114:
978:
505:Following the death of Cecilia Renata in 1644,
471:In 1640, Marie Louise met Władysław's brother,
2327:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
2064:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
2100:
1691:
1297:
2322:Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien
2059:Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien
1705:
2107:
2093:
1698:
1684:
1304:
1290:
40:
1123:
939:
1629:Vespasiano Vincenzo, Viceroy of Valencia
748:
653:
557:
519:
18:Princess Louise-Marie of Gonzague-Nevers
1548:Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Lorraine
1132:
1092:
1058:Chronicles of the chateaux of the Loire
972:
372:Henri Jules, the future Prince of Condé
176: 1646; died 1648)
14:
2354:
1609:Charles, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
1517:Charles, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
1027:
773:Marie Louise founded the first Polish
2088:
1679:
1285:
1160:The Slavonic and East European Review
1156:
706:, to be the wife of the next elected
650:Swedish invasion and hope for victory
581:by the sudden death of Władysław IV.
406:. Marie Louise was supposed to marry
1512:Anne Juliana, Archduchess of Austria
1311:
1099:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 339.
1071:
1054:
789:Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary
621:Swedish invasion of the Commonwealth
282:; 18 August 1611 – 10 May 1667) was
1655:Antonio Ferrante, Duke of Guastalla
744:
24:
1573:Anne, Countess Palatine of Simmern
1363:Gianfrancesco, Count of Sabbioneta
1259:Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
1173:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.91.4.0787
1150:
70:5 November 1645 – 20 May 1648
61:Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
25:
2443:
1650:Eleonora Luisa, Duchess of Rovere
1188:
762:on 10 May 1667 and was buried in
662:. Among the Queen's jewels was a
497:List of Lithuanian royal consorts
1665:Anna Isabella, Duchess of Mantua
1645:Ferdinando Carlo, Duke of Mantua
1193:
1017:Tito Livio Burattini (1617–1682)
884:
872:
857:
842:
823:
435:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
386:Early life and marriage proposal
2372:Polish people of French descent
1624:Ferrante III, Duke of Guastalla
1389:Francesco II, Marquis of Mantua
1337:Ludovico III, Marquis of Mantua
198:
173:
1522:Ferrante II, Duke of Guastalla
1486:Gian Vicenzo, Cardinal Gonzaga
1435:Ferrante I, Count of Guastalla
1384:Clara, Countess of Montpensier
1086:
1065:
1048:
1021:
1010:
945:
451:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
316:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
88:30 May 1649 – 10 May 1667
13:
1:
2397:17th-century Italian nobility
1568:Marie Louise, Queen of Poland
1507:Margherita, Duchess of Modena
1456:Francesco III, Duke of Mantua
1399:Elisabetta, Duchess of Urbino
1358:Federico I, Marquis of Mantua
1135:The English Historical Review
926:
360:Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny
2407:Grand duchesses of Lithuania
1614:Eleonora, Holy Roman Empress
1604:Maria, Duchess of Montferrat
1578:Cesare II, Duke of Guastalla
1558:Eleonora, Holy Roman Empress
1538:Francesco IV, Duke of Mantua
1128:(in French). Librairie Droz.
1072:Bain, Robert Nisbet (1908).
960:. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
704:Henri Jules, Prince of Condé
7:
2116:Royal consorts of Lithuania
1891:Elizabeth Richeza of Poland
1660:Giuseppe, Duke of Guastalla
1619:Vincenzo, Duke of Guastalla
1583:Vincenzo, Viceroy of Sicily
1553:Vincenzo II, Duke of Mantua
1481:Francesco, Cardinal Gonzaga
1420:Federico II, Duke of Mantua
1415:Eleonora, Duchess of Urbino
899:
753:Death mask of Marie Louise.
528:from the collection of the
10:
2448:
2417:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
2392:17th-century French people
1588:Andrea, Count of San Paolo
1543:Ferdinando, Duke of Mantua
1502:Vincenzo I, Duke of Mantua
1471:Federico, Cardinal Gonzaga
1124:Boltanski, Ariane (2006).
1117:
1034:. Routledge. p. 725.
891:Entry of Queen Marie into
816:
727:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
702:, whose husband was to be
669:
616:Polish-Lithuanian nobility
592:deceased brother Władysław
490:
288:Grand Duchess of Lithuania
2307:Cecilia Renata of Austria
2268:
2215:
2163:
2154:
2122:
2044:Cecilia Renata of Austria
2019:
1956:
1938:
1904:
1876:
1781:
1713:
1637:
1596:
1530:
1494:
1461:Guglielmo, Duke of Mantua
1448:
1407:
1376:
1350:
1329:
1319:
1274:Eleonora Maria of Austria
1265:
1252:
1248:Cecilia Renata of Austria
1239:
1234:
1207:
1028:Magill, Frank N. (2013).
700:Anne Henriette of Bavaria
431:Cecilia Renata of Austria
400:Charles I, Duke of Mantua
327:Charles I, Duke of Mantua
247:
242:Charles I, Duke of Mantua
237:
225:
209:
150:
133:
116:
96:
92:
84:
74:
66:
55:
39:
34:
2402:Queens consort of Poland
2387:Remarried queens consort
2337:Maria Josepha of Austria
2156:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2074:Maria Josepha of Austria
1748:Maria Dobroniega of Kiev
1707:Royal consorts of Poland
296:grand dukes of Lithuania
1868:Margaret of Brandenburg
1798:Viacheslava of Novgorod
1563:Charles, Duke of Nevers
1323:Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga
1321:Generations start from
1255:Queen consort of Poland
1143:10.1093/ehr/CXII.445.20
1078:. CUP Archive. p.
530:National Gallery of Art
493:List of Polish consorts
408:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
337:. In 1645, she married
57:Queen consort of Poland
29:Queen consort of Poland
2422:Polish Roman Catholics
1858:Matilda of Brandenburg
1743:Richeza of Lotharingia
1476:Cesare, Duke of Amalfi
1200:Ludovica Maria Gonzaga
1093:Escobar, Mark (2007).
791:(1654). She supported
754:
667:
574:
532:
507:Cardinal Jules Mazarin
456:In 1637, the Abbot of
376:Lubomirski's rebellion
339:Władysław IV of Poland
335:Duke Gaston of Orléans
279:
271:
1466:Louis, Duke of Nevers
1209:Marie Louise Gonzaga
1202:at Wikimedia Commons
1061:. Roger. p. 217.
1055:Rain, Pierre (1928).
911:Kazimierzowski Palace
752:
657:
636:Klara Izabella Pacowa
561:
553:Mary, mother of Jesus
523:
439:Maria Anna of Bavaria
418:and later in a small
2427:Polish salon-holders
2312:Marie Louise Gonzaga
2302:Constance of Austria
2256:Catherine of Austria
2246:Elizabeth of Austria
2226:Elizabeth of Austria
2124:Kingdom of Lithuania
2049:Marie Louise Gonzaga
2039:Constance of Austria
2011:Catherine of Austria
2001:Elizabeth of Austria
1981:Elizabeth of Austria
1958:Jagiellonian dynasty
1723:Doubravka of Bohemia
921:Visitationist Church
831:Marie Louise Gonzaga
793:Tito Livio Burattini
714:, Sweden and allied
672:The Deluge (history)
416:Château de Vincennes
412:Louis XIII of France
260:Marie Louise Gonzaga
187:John II Casimir Vasa
35:Marie Louise Gonzaga
2412:Polish women in war
2377:Nobility from Paris
2332:Catherine Opalińska
2317:Eleonore of Austria
2165:House of Gediminids
2069:Catherine Opalińska
2054:Eleonore of Austria
1971:Elizabeth Granowska
1948:Elizabeth of Bosnia
1940:Capet-Anjou dynasty
1920:Aldona of Lithuania
1823:Grzymisława of Łuck
1728:Oda of Haldensleben
355:Lithuanian nobility
290:by marriage to two
216:John Sigismund Vasa
2432:Daughters of dukes
2292:Louise of Lorraine
2217:House of Jagiellon
2133:House of Mindaugas
2029:Louise of Lorraine
1976:Sophia of Halshany
1886:Judith of Habsburg
1793:Agnes of Babenberg
1753:Wyszesława of Kiev
1270:Title next held by
1244:Title last held by
755:
668:
575:
533:
462:Michel de Marolles
433:, the daughter of
410:in 1627, but King
404:Catherine of Guise
331:Catherine of Guise
252:Catherine of Guise
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2270:Polish–Lithuanian
2264:
2263:
2251:Barbara Radziwiłł
2189:Jadwiga of Poland
2150:
2149:
2082:
2081:
2021:Elective monarchy
2006:Barbara Radziwiłł
1925:Adelaide of Hesse
1915:Jadwiga of Kalisz
1878:Přemyslid dynasty
1863:Richeza of Sweden
1853:Gryfina of Halych
1838:Hedwig of Silesia
1758:Judith of Bohemia
1673:
1672:
1280:
1279:
1198:Media related to
906:Holy Cross Church
835:Daniel Dumonstier
797:John III Sobieski
780:Merkuriusz Polski
660:Justus van Egmont
642:and subsequently
567:Stefan Czarniecki
513:and the Austrian
427:Władysław IV Vasa
347:absolute monarchy
312:Kingdom of Poland
257:
256:
162:Władysław IV Vasa
16:(Redirected from
2439:
2382:House of Gonzaga
2279:
2278:
2231:Helena of Moscow
2204:Uliana Olshanska
2179:Maria of Vitebsk
2161:
2160:
2129:
2128:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2085:
1986:Helena of Moscow
1896:Viola of Teschen
1813:Helena of Znojmo
1768:Zbyslava of Kiev
1763:Judith of Swabia
1700:
1693:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1425:Ippolita Gonzaga
1313:House of Gonzaga
1306:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1282:
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515:Habsburg dynasty
306:. Together with
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44:
32:
31:
21:
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2236:Barbara Zápolya
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2118:
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2083:
2078:
2034:Anne of Austria
2015:
1991:Barbara Zápolya
1952:
1934:
1930:Hedwig of Sagan
1900:
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1848:Kinga of Poland
1843:Anne of Bohemia
1808:Eudoxia of Kiev
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447:Austrian Empire
388:
351:Polish szlachta
343:John II Casimir
304:John II Casimir
292:kings of Poland
284:Queen of Poland
280:Liudvika Marija
220:Maria Anna Vasa
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1638:9th Generation
1635:
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1606:
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1598:
1597:8th Generation
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1531:7th Generation
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1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
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1496:
1495:6th Generation
1492:
1491:
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1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
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1452:
1450:
1449:5th Generation
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1408:4th Generation
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1377:3rd Generation
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1351:2nd Generation
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1330:1st Generation
1327:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1264:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1222:18 August 1611
1211:
1208:
1190:
1189:External links
1187:
1186:
1185:
1167:(4): 787–817.
1152:
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1085:
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977:
962:
944:
942:, p. 501.
940:Boltanski 2006
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916:Ujazdów Castle
913:
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866:Daniel Schultz
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818:
815:
804:Marie Casimire
746:
743:
708:King of Poland
670:Main article:
651:
648:
609:Russian Empire
605:Swedish Empire
601:Ottoman Empire
596:Brandenburgian
586:miscarriages.
488:
485:
477:literary salon
387:
384:
368:Swedish Deluge
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107:18 August 1611
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1966:Anna of Cilli
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1907:Piast dynasty
1903:
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1783:Fragmentation
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1715:Piast dynasty
1712:
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1235:Royal titles
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1106:9781450081443
1102:
1098:
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1059:
1051:
1043:
1041:9781135924140
1037:
1033:
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1024:
1018:
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998:
992:
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988:
986:
984:
982:
975:, p. 22.
974:
969:
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948:
941:
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894:
887:
882:
875:
870:
867:
860:
855:
852:
851:Ferdinand Bol
845:
840:
836:
832:
826:
821:
820:
814:
812:
807:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
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769:
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761:
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742:
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723:
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713:
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629:
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587:
584:
580:
572:
568:
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560:
556:
554:
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546:
542:
538:
531:
527:
526:Abraham Bosse
522:
518:
516:
512:
508:
502:
498:
494:
484:
482:
479:organised in
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
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452:
448:
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440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
383:
381:
380:royal consort
377:
373:
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364:
362:
361:
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348:
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328:
324:
319:
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301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Ludwika Maria
269:
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246:
243:
240:
236:
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69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
49:
43:
38:
33:
27:
19:
2311:
2274:Commonwealth
2208:Anna of Tver
2048:
1567:
1272:
1266:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1192:
1164:
1158:
1134:
1125:
1095:
1088:
1074:
1067:
1057:
1050:
1030:
1023:
1012:
1000:. Retrieved
973:Parrott 1997
952:
947:
935:
864:Portrait by
849:Portrait by
830:
808:
801:
778:
772:
756:
739:
730:
724:
695:vivente rege
693:
691:
675:
664:Polish Eagle
658:Portrait by
625:
613:
588:
583:John Casimir
576:
548:
534:
511:Vasa dynasty
504:
473:John Casimir
470:
455:
424:
389:
365:
358:
320:
300:Władysław IV
263:
259:
258:
122:(1667-05-10)
80:15 July 1646
46:Portrait by
26:
2367:1667 deaths
2362:1611 births
2285:(1569–1795)
2241:Bona Sforza
2219:(1440–1569)
2167:(1285–1440)
2135:(1236–1263)
1996:Bona Sforza
1229:10 May 1667
811:Bona Sforza
735:a rebellion
679:the capital
628:aristocracy
308:Bona Sforza
298:, brothers
264:Maria Luisa
120:10 May 1667
2356:Categories
1263:1646–1667
927:References
640:Louis XIII
443:Louis XIII
276:Lithuanian
262:(Italian:
103:1611-08-18
76:Coronation
1905:Restored
1394:Sigismund
1368:Francesco
1181:148034854
958:pagat.com
775:newspaper
644:Louis XIV
458:Villeloin
900:See also
632:voivodes
607:and the
571:Chojnice
501:Szlachta
449:and the
321:Born in
314:and the
145:, Poland
129:, Poland
112:, France
2283:Elected
1828:Ludmila
1733:Emnilda
1118:Sources
1002:9 April
817:Gallery
787:of the
785:convent
716:Austria
712:England
683:Silesia
579:widowed
537:Western
420:convent
232:Gonzaga
203:
195:
191:
178:
170:
166:
151:Spouses
2194:Birutė
1785:period
1430:Ercole
1267:Vacant
1241:Vacant
1225:
1179:
1103:
1038:
893:Gdańsk
837:, 1627
764:Kraków
760:Warsaw
720:Russia
603:, the
573:, 1657
564:Hetman
541:Warsaw
499:, and
402:, and
396:France
392:Nevers
323:Nevers
268:Polish
248:Mother
238:Father
143:Kraków
134:Burial
127:Warsaw
110:Nevers
85:Tenure
67:Tenure
50:, 1650
48:Egmont
2174:Jaunė
2142:Morta
1803:Maria
1440:Paola
1342:Carlo
1227:Died:
1220:Born:
1177:S2CID
549:Maria
481:Paris
466:Tarot
227:House
211:Issue
197:(
193:
172:(
168:
2199:Anna
1101:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1004:2017
718:and
545:Sejm
437:and
353:and
329:and
302:and
294:and
286:and
117:Died
97:Born
1169:doi
1139:doi
1080:242
956:at
833:by
766:at
569:in
398:to
325:to
2358::
1175:.
1165:91
1163:.
980:^
965:^
777:,
722:.
689:.
646:.
611:.
555:.
495:,
483:.
460:,
453:.
422:.
394:,
382:.
318:.
278::
274:,
270::
266:,
199:m.
174:m.
141:,
2108:e
2101:t
2094:v
1699:e
1692:t
1685:v
1305:e
1298:t
1291:v
1183:.
1171::
1145:.
1141::
1109:.
1082:.
1044:.
1006:.
105:)
101:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
