477:
murder, the first wine, the first empire-builder. Most notably, almost none of the persons, places and stories in it are ever mentioned anywhere else in the Bible. This has led some scholars to suppose that the history forms a late composition attached to
Genesis and the Pentateuch to serve as an introduction. Just how late is a subject for debate: at one extreme are those who see it as a product of the Hellenistic period, in which case it cannot be earlier than the first decades of the 4th century BCE; on the other hand the Yahwist source has been dated by some scholars, notably
665:, the elaborate system of markers, both hidden and overt, marking off a fictive 4000 year history of the world. From Creation to Abraham, time is calculated by adding the ages of the Patriarchs when their first child is born. It seems possible that the period of the Flood is not meant to be included in the count β for example, Shem, born 100 years before the Flood, "begot" his first son two years after it, which should make him 102, but Genesis 11:10β11 specifies that he is only 100, suggesting that time has been suspended. The period from the birth of Shem's third son
22:
669:(in the second year after the Flood) to Abraham's migration to Canaan is 365 years, mirroring Enoch's life-span of 365 years, the number of days in a year. There are 10 Patriarchs between Adam and the Flood and 10 between the Flood and Abraham β the Septuagint adds an extra ancestor so that the second group is 10 from the Flood to Terah. Noah and Terah each have three sons, of whom the first in each case is the most important.
527:), arrives at a cosmology very similar to the one in Genesis 1:6, and shows a similar concern for reckoning time through the creation of heavenly bodies. God's creation of mankind in his image also recalls Mesopotamian myths, as does man's sovereignty over nature. In addition, the way God creates through the spoken word in Genesis 1 mirrors the Egyptian
1465:
711:"How much history lies behind the story of Genesis? Because the action of the primeval story is not represented as taking place on the plane of ordinary human history and has so many affinities with ancient mythology, it is very far-fetched to speak of its narratives as historical at all." Levenson, 2004, pp.155β56.
299:β the last two are often referred to collectively as "non-Priestly", but the Elohist is not present in the primeval history and "non-Priestly" and "Yahwist" can be regarded here as interchangeable terms. The following table is based on Robert Kugler and Patrick Hartin, "An Introduction to the Bible", 2009:
476:
Genesis 1β11 shows little relationship to the remainder of
Genesis. For example, the names of its characters and its geography β Adam (man) and Eve (life), the Land of Nod ("Wandering"), and so on β are symbolic rather than real, and much of the narratives consist of lists of "firsts": the first
283:
is the first, achieved something like its current form in the 5th century BCE. However, the almost complete absence of all the characters and incidents mentioned in the
Primeval history from the rest of the Hebrew Bible has led a sizeable minority of scholars to conclude that these chapters were
79:
The primeval history is generally considered to have been completed along with the rest of the Book of
Genesis in the 5th century BCE, but a sizeable minority of scholars have dated it to the 3rd century BCE, pointing to discontinuities between the contents of the work and other parts of the
67:
and his sons; a new humanity then descended from these sons and spread throughout the world, but, although the new world was as sinful as the old, God resolved never again to destroy the world by flood, and the history ended with
648:
The history tells how God creates a world which is good (each action within
Genesis 1 ends with God marking it as good), and how evil contaminates it through disobedience (the Eden story) and violence (Cain and Abel).
617:
The great deluge is told in a number of versions beginning in the early 2nd millennium; like the later
Genesis myth, they tell how humanity survives through one hero and his family.
1492:
1394:
1444:
1253:
1088:
1139:
1516:
485:
argues that the latest edition of the pre-Priestly version of the narratives probably dates to the mid-7th century BCE, during the period of Neo-Assyrian hegemony.
63:, how the first couple were expelled from God's presence, of the first murder which followed, and God's decision to destroy the world and save only the righteous
1232:
1540:
481:, to the exilic pre-Persian period (the 6th century BCE) precisely because the primeval history contains so much Babylonian influence in the form of myth.
1163:
1373:
1483:
1208:
92:
The history contains some of the best-known stories in the Bible plus a number of genealogies, structured around the five-fold repetition of the
1187:
1112:
924:
Borger, R. (1974). Die BeschwΓΆrungsserie BΔ«t mΔseri und die
Himmelfahrt Henochs. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 33(2), 183β196.
678:
1098:
1284:
1336:"I Studied Inscriptions from Before the Flood": Ancient Near Eastern, Literary, and Linguistic Approaches to Genesis 1-11
1576:
1404:
1074:
683:
523:, the Babylonian creation myth, has a very similar opening to Genesis 1, refers to such entities as the "Deep" (Hebrew
1064:
1556:
1526:
1477:
1454:
1433:
1383:
1362:
1343:
1317:
1294:
1273:
1242:
1218:
1197:
1173:
1149:
1128:
628:
While there is no
Mesopotamian myth associated with the Tower of Babel, there is scholarly agreement that Babylonian
1502:
1423:
1581:
224:
and the origins of the nations of the world) and how they came to be scattered across the Earth through the
188:
God's reasons for bringing the Flood (second account), his warning to Noah, and the construction of the Ark
55:
The body of material tells how God created the world and all its beings and placed the first man and woman (
1183:
658:
493:
Numerous
Mesopotamian myths (and one Egyptian myth) are reflected in the primeval history. The myth of
114:
1591:
702:
See John Van Seters, "Prologue to
History: The Yahwist as Historian in Genesis (1992), pp.80, 155β56.
1586:
596:
259:
612:
595:, like the list of the descendants of Cain, explains the origin of the elements of civilisation.
498:
192:
49:
121:
or six-day cosmic creation-story of Genesis 1 and the human-focused creation-story of Genesis 2)
270:
151:
1338:. Sources for Biblical and Theological Study. Vol. 4. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
1305:
1007:
1331:
8:
1116:
662:
26:
1544:
1536:
1084:
592:
497:, for example, was the first to record a Great Flood, and may lie behind the story of
205:
Noah the husbandman (the invention of wine), his drunkenness, his three sons, and the
1552:
1522:
1498:
1473:
1450:
1429:
1419:
1400:
1379:
1358:
1339:
1313:
1290:
1269:
1261:
1238:
1214:
1193:
1169:
1145:
1124:
1094:
1070:
528:
199:
1494:
Primaeval History Interpreted: The Rewriting of Genesis 1-11 in the Book of Jubilees
1159:
37:
1549:
The Bible and Hellenism: Greek Influence on Jewish and Early Christian Literature
478:
288:
280:
206:
41:
1512:
1257:
622:
580:
552:
225:
125:
60:
21:
1570:
1108:
574:
501:. The following table sets out the myths behind the various Biblical tropes.
488:
482:
135:
1396:
Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic: An Intertextual Reading
284:
composed much later than those that follow, possibly in the 3rd century BC.
1415:
1327:
1090:
Creation, Un-creation, Re-creation: A discursive commentary on Genesis 1-11
1060:
937:
600:
221:
129:
81:
56:
45:
1518:
The Meaning of the Pentateuch: Revelation, Composition and Interpretation
1306:"Tracing the Origin of the Sabbatical Calendar in the Priestly Narrative"
520:
176:, "men of renown"; God's reasons for destroying the world (first account)
169:
107:
471:
1228:
666:
1414:
Levenson, Jon D. (2004). "Genesis: introduction and annotations". In
925:
562:
544:
494:
118:
629:
173:
158:, descendants of Cain, who invent various aspects of civilised life
819:
604:
599:, seventh in the line of Adam and taken by God, mirrors the king
296:
292:
245:
202:, in which God promises never again to destroy the world by water
155:
94:
73:
1266:
The Book of Genesis: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation
565:
enjoyed a Tree of Life; the serpent in Genesis recalls the god
287:
Genesis draws on a number of distinct "sources", including the
165:
the third son of Adam, whose line leads to Noah and to Abraham
1355:
Secrets of the Times: Myth and History in Biblical Chronology
906:
607:, also seventh in their lines, taken to dwell with the gods.
524:
276:
241:
69:
1141:
The Formation of Genesis 1-11: Biblical and Other Precursors
988:
785:
783:
734:
732:
566:
558:
532:
162:
64:
976:
836:
834:
489:
Mesopotamian (and Egyptian) myths and the primeval history
1210:
From Creation to Abraham: Further Studies in Genesis 1-11
807:
780:
846:
729:
643:
147:
of Adam (5:1β6:8) (The Hebrew includes the word "book")
48:. These chapters convey the story of the first years of
831:
756:
744:
1037:
952:
894:
964:
472:
Relationship of the primeval history to Genesis 12β50
132:
and how they came to be expelled from God's presence)
1025:
882:
858:
1466:"Jubilee Calendar Rescued from the Flood Narrative"
1013:
870:
1541:"Narrative Reiteration and Comparative Literature"
1010:2 Volumes, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2001. p. 363
795:
547:epic tells how the gods created mankind from dust
1568:
1310:Perspectives on Hebrew Scriptures (II, Volume 5)
768:
1189:From Creation to Babel: Studies in Genesis 1-11
240:the descendants of Noah in the line of Shem to
1470:Perspectives on Hebrew Scriptures II, Volume 5
195:in which the world is destroyed and re-created
1463:
982:
98:formula ("These are the generations of..."):
1371:
912:
813:
411:
172:who couple with the "daughters of men"; the
16:First eleven chapters of the Book of Genesis
1326:
1083:
840:
762:
750:
738:
632:, or tower-temples, lie behind this story.
76:, from whom descended God's chosen people.
25:The six days of creation as represented by
161:the second genealogy, the descendants of
1511:
1303:
994:
852:
825:
579:Cain and Abel are paralleled by the gods
1535:
1442:
1413:
1372:Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick (2009).
1286:Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus
1043:
958:
705:
279:, the collection of five books of which
87:
20:
1392:
1282:
1254:"The Formation of the Primeval History"
900:
888:
864:
789:
1569:
1490:
1352:
1158:
1093:. New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
1031:
970:
696:
679:Allegorical interpretations of Genesis
638:
540:Genesis creation narrative: Genesis 2
517:Genesis creation narrative: Genesis 1
253:
1251:
1059:
1019:
644:Creation, destruction and re-creation
264:
1491:Ruiten, Jacques T. A. G. M. (2000).
1227:
1137:
1107:
876:
801:
774:
40:to the first eleven chapters of the
1206:
1182:
1066:Genesis: Translation and Commentary
13:
926:http://www.jstor.org/stable/544732
684:Framework interpretation (Genesis)
535:creates the world through speech.
275:Scholars generally agree that the
14:
1603:
1464:Najm, S.; Guillaume, Ph. (2007).
1121:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
949:Verses 10, 12, 18, 21, 25 and 31
464:
450:
386:
363:
355:
329:
321:
217:of the sons of Noah (10:1β11:9)
1547:; Wajdenbaum, Philippe (eds.).
1168:. Westminster John Knox Press.
1052:
1000:
943:
931:
918:
1069:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1:
1252:Gertz, Jan Christian (1994).
718:
652:
1449:. B&H Publishing Group.
1375:An Introduction to the Bible
1304:Guillaume, Philippe (2007).
1283:Gmirkin, Russell E. (2006).
723:
511:Mesopotamian (Egyptian) myth
7:
1428:. Oxford University Press.
1144:. Oxford University Press.
672:
10:
1608:
1468:. In Zvi, Ehud Ben (ed.).
1308:. In Zvi, Ehud Ben (ed.).
1165:Memories of Ancient Israel
1119:; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
1008:New Commentary on Genesis.
659:Genesis creation narrative
268:
257:
220:the Table of Nations (the
115:Genesis creation narrative
1577:5th-century BC literature
1213:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
983:Najm & Guillaume 2007
442:
394:
1443:Matthews, K. A. (1996).
913:Kugler & Hartin 2009
828:, p. 301 and fn.35.
814:Kugler & Hartin 2009
689:
260:Composition of the Torah
1393:Kvanvig, Helge (2011).
1353:Hughes, Jeremy (1990).
1138:Carr, David M. (2020).
661:marks the start of the
613:Genesis flood narrative
193:Genesis flood narrative
1521:. InterVarsity Press.
1425:The Jewish study Bible
271:Documentary hypothesis
152:genealogies of Genesis
29:
1332:Tsumura, David Toshio
1234:The Evolution of Adam
106:of heaven and earth (
88:Structure and content
50:the world's existence
36:is the name given by
24:
1582:3rd-century BC texts
1117:Freedman, David Noel
569:in the Enuma Elish.
557:The god and goddess
384:Reason for the Flood
373:Reason for the Flood
138:and the first murder
1545:Thompson, Thomas L.
1537:Thompson, Thomas L.
1085:Blenkinsopp, Joseph
792:, pp. 240β241.
663:Biblical chronology
639:Themes and theology
462:Descendants of Noah
401:Renewal after Flood
353:Descendants of Adam
254:Composition history
237:of Shem (11:10β26)
27:Hildegard of Bingen
1513:Sailhamer, John H.
1420:Brettler, Marc Zvi
1262:Petersen, David L.
1207:Day, John (2021).
1113:"Genesis, Book of"
997:, p. 252β253.
593:Sumerian King List
426:Noah's drunkenness
265:Sources in Genesis
200:covenant with Noah
30:
1472:. Gorgias Press.
1357:. A&C Black.
1312:. Gorgias Press.
1260:; Lohr, Joel N.;
1160:Davies, Philip R.
1100:978-0-567-37287-1
1006:Franz Delitzsch,
940:(October 9, 2015)
636:
635:
531:in which the god
529:Memphite Theology
469:
468:
443:Table of Nations
415:Noahide covenant
185:of Noah (6β9:28)
150:the first of two
38:biblical scholars
1599:
1592:Primeval history
1562:
1532:
1508:
1487:
1482:. Archived from
1460:
1439:
1410:
1389:
1368:
1349:
1328:Hess, Richard S.
1323:
1300:
1279:
1248:
1224:
1203:
1179:
1155:
1134:
1104:
1080:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
947:
941:
935:
929:
922:
916:
915:, p. 53β54.
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
841:Blenkinsopp 2011
838:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
778:
772:
766:
763:Blenkinsopp 2011
760:
754:
751:Blenkinsopp 2011
748:
742:
739:Blenkinsopp 2011
736:
712:
709:
703:
700:
504:
503:
336:Creation story B
319:Creation story A
302:
301:
244:, the father of
143:The book of the
72:, the father of
34:primeval history
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1587:Book of Genesis
1567:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1529:
1505:
1480:
1457:
1436:
1407:
1386:
1365:
1346:
1334:, eds. (1994).
1320:
1297:
1276:
1268:. Eisenbrauns.
1258:Evans, Craig A.
1245:
1237:. Baker Books.
1221:
1200:
1176:
1152:
1131:
1101:
1077:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1001:
993:
989:
981:
977:
969:
965:
957:
953:
948:
944:
936:
932:
923:
919:
911:
907:
899:
895:
887:
883:
875:
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
839:
832:
824:
820:
812:
808:
800:
796:
788:
781:
773:
769:
761:
757:
749:
745:
737:
730:
726:
721:
716:
715:
710:
706:
701:
697:
692:
675:
655:
646:
641:
512:
508:
491:
479:John Van Seters
474:
454:Tower of Babel
435:
432:Curse of Canaan
404:
376:
345:
289:Priestly source
273:
267:
262:
256:
207:Curse of Canaan
90:
42:Book of Genesis
17:
12:
11:
5:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1533:
1527:
1509:
1503:
1488:
1486:on 2014-12-17.
1478:
1461:
1455:
1440:
1434:
1411:
1406:978-9004163805
1405:
1390:
1384:
1369:
1363:
1350:
1344:
1324:
1318:
1301:
1295:
1289:. Bloomsbury.
1280:
1274:
1249:
1243:
1225:
1219:
1204:
1198:
1192:. Bloomsbury.
1180:
1174:
1156:
1150:
1135:
1129:
1109:Carr, David M.
1105:
1099:
1081:
1076:978-0393070262
1075:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1036:
1024:
1012:
999:
995:Guillaume 2007
987:
975:
973:, p. 124.
963:
951:
942:
930:
917:
905:
903:, p. 2β3.
893:
881:
879:, p. 245.
869:
857:
855:, p. 301.
853:Sailhamer 2010
845:
830:
826:Sailhamer 2010
818:
806:
804:, p. 492.
794:
779:
767:
755:
743:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
714:
713:
704:
694:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
681:
674:
671:
654:
651:
645:
642:
640:
637:
634:
633:
626:
623:Tower of Babel
619:
618:
615:
609:
608:
589:
585:
584:
577:
571:
570:
555:
553:Garden of Eden
549:
548:
541:
537:
536:
518:
514:
513:
509:
490:
487:
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340:
339:Garden of Eden
337:
333:
331:
328:
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323:
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317:
313:
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309:
306:
269:Main article:
266:
263:
258:Main article:
255:
252:
251:
250:
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248:
231:
230:
229:
226:Tower of Babel
211:
210:
209:
203:
196:
189:
179:
178:
177:
166:
159:
141:
140:
139:
133:
128:(the story of
126:Eden narrative
122:
117:(the combined
89:
86:
61:Garden of Eden
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1604:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1560:
1558:9781317544258
1554:
1551:. Routledge.
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1528:9780830878888
1524:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1479:9781593336127
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1456:9780805401011
1452:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1435:9780195297515
1431:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1416:Berlin, Adele
1412:
1408:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1387:
1385:9780802846365
1381:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1364:9780567629302
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1345:0-931464-88-9
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1319:9781593336127
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1296:9780567134394
1292:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1275:9789004226579
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1244:9781587433153
1240:
1236:
1235:
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1222:
1220:9780567703118
1216:
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1211:
1205:
1201:
1199:9780567370303
1195:
1191:
1190:
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1175:9780664232887
1171:
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1151:9780190062545
1147:
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1130:9789053565032
1126:
1122:
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1106:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1061:Alter, Robert
1058:
1057:
1046:, p. 38.
1045:
1044:Matthews 1996
1040:
1034:, p. 27.
1033:
1028:
1022:, p. 28.
1021:
1016:
1009:
1003:
996:
991:
984:
979:
972:
967:
961:, p. 11.
960:
959:Levenson 2004
955:
946:
939:
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921:
914:
909:
902:
897:
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854:
849:
842:
837:
835:
827:
822:
816:, p. 85.
815:
810:
803:
798:
791:
786:
784:
776:
771:
764:
759:
752:
747:
741:, p. ix.
740:
735:
733:
728:
708:
699:
695:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
670:
668:
664:
660:
650:
631:
627:
625:(Genesis 11)
624:
621:
620:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
603:and the sage
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:
586:
582:
578:
576:
575:Cain and Abel
573:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
554:
551:
550:
546:
542:
539:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
519:
516:
515:
510:
506:
505:
502:
500:
496:
486:
484:
483:David M. Carr
480:
461:
458:
457:
453:
447:
446:
439:
438:
431:
428:
425:
424:
422:
419:
418:
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391:
390:
383:
380:
379:
372:
369:
368:
366:
360:
359:
352:
349:
348:
342:Cain and Abel
341:
338:
335:
334:
332:
326:
325:
318:
315:
314:
310:
307:
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303:
300:
298:
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285:
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272:
261:
247:
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227:
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212:
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201:
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184:
180:
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164:
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157:
153:
149:
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142:
137:
136:Cain and Abel
134:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
111:
109:
105:
101:
100:
99:
97:
96:
85:
83:
77:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
19:
1548:
1517:
1493:
1484:the original
1469:
1446:Genesis 1-11
1445:
1424:
1395:
1378:. Eerdmans.
1374:
1354:
1335:
1309:
1285:
1265:
1233:
1209:
1188:
1164:
1140:
1123:. Eerdmans.
1120:
1089:
1065:
1053:Bibliography
1039:
1027:
1015:
1002:
990:
985:, p. 6.
978:
966:
954:
945:
933:
920:
908:
901:Kvanvig 2011
896:
891:, p. 1.
889:Kvanvig 2011
884:
872:
867:, p. 6.
865:Gmirkin 2006
860:
848:
843:, p. 2.
821:
809:
797:
790:Gmirkin 2006
777:, p. 5.
770:
765:, p. 4.
758:
753:, p. 1.
746:
707:
698:
656:
647:
601:Enmerduranki
588:Genealogies
583:and Enkimdu
499:Noah's flood
492:
475:
429:Sons of Noah
286:
274:
234:
222:sons of Noah
214:
182:
144:
130:Adam and Eve
103:
93:
91:
82:Hebrew Bible
78:
57:Adam and Eve
54:
46:Hebrew Bible
33:
31:
18:
1229:Enns, Peter
1032:Davies 2008
971:Ruiten 2000
521:Enuma Elish
507:Bible story
170:Sons of God
108:Genesis 1:1
1571:Categories
1504:9004116583
1020:Alter 1997
719:References
667:Arpachshad
653:Chronology
1497:. BRILL.
1399:. BRILL.
1184:Day, John
877:Carr 2020
802:Carr 2000
775:Enns 2012
724:Citations
630:ziggurats
563:Ninhursag
545:Atrahasis
495:Atrahasis
392:6:14β8:22
327:2:4bβ4:26
119:Hexameron
59:) in his
1539:(2014).
1515:(2010).
1422:(eds.).
1264:(eds.).
1231:(2012).
1186:(2014).
1162:(2008).
1111:(2000).
1087:(2011).
1063:(1997).
673:See also
459:11:10β32
370:Nephilim
316:1:1β2:4a
311:Yahwist
308:Priestly
295:and the
174:Nephilim
938:Utuabzu
605:Utuabzu
440:10:1β32
420:9:18β27
297:Elohist
293:Yahwist
281:Genesis
246:Abraham
235:toledot
215:toledot
183:toledot
156:Kenites
145:toledot
110:β4:26)
104:toledot
95:toledot
74:Abraham
44:in the
1555:
1525:
1501:
1476:
1453:
1432:
1403:
1382:
1361:
1342:
1316:
1293:
1272:
1241:
1217:
1196:
1172:
1148:
1127:
1097:
1073:
581:Dumuzi
448:11:1β9
409:9:1β17
381:6:9β13
350:5:1β24
291:, the
198:God's
154:, the
1543:. In
1256:. In
1115:. In
928:p.192
690:Notes
597:Enoch
525:Tehom
398:Flood
361:6:1β8
305:Verse
277:Torah
242:Terah
70:Terah
1553:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1291:ISBN
1270:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1095:ISBN
1071:ISBN
657:The
591:The
567:Apsu
561:and
559:Enki
543:The
533:Ptah
233:The
213:The
191:the
181:The
168:the
163:Seth
124:The
113:The
102:The
65:Noah
32:The
1573::
1418:;
1330:;
833:^
782:^
731:^
465:β
387:β
356:β
322:β
84:.
52:.
1561:.
1531:.
1507:.
1459:.
1438:.
1409:.
1388:.
1367:.
1348:.
1322:.
1299:.
1278:.
1247:.
1223:.
1202:.
1178:.
1154:.
1133:.
1103:.
1079:.
451:β
412:β
364:β
330:β
228:)
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