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Prestin

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1279:(NLC). Based upon the generated voltage and the depolarized or hyperpolarized state of the cell, prestin will transition through two distinct steps, representing the three-state model of prestin modulation. Experiments show that with increasing depolarizing stimuli, prestin transitions from an elongated state to an intermediate state to a contracted state, increasing its NLC. Under hyperpolarizing conditions, NLC decreases and prestin transitions back to its elongated state. Of significance, increased membrane tension as characterized by prestin elongation decreases the chloride allosteric binding site affinity for chloride, perhaps playing a role in regulation of prestin modulation. The total estimated displacement of prestin upon modulation from elongated to contracted state is 3–4 nm. A recent study supports the IVS model showing that mutations of 12 residues that span the intracellular side of prestin's core membrane resulted in significant decrease in NLC. Eight of the 12 residues were positively charged and are hypothesized to make up the allosteric chloride binding site of prestin. 251: 228: 1267:, which is a mammalian evolution that increases sensitivity to incoming sound wave frequencies and, thus, amplifies the signal. Previous research has suggested that this modulation takes place via an extrinsic voltage-sensor (partial anion transporter model), whereby chloride binds to the intracellular side of prestin and enters a defunct transporter, causing prestin elongation. However, there is new evidence that prestin acts through an intrinsic voltage-sensor (IVS) in which intracellular chloride binds allosterically to prestin to modify shape. 150: 125: 257: 156: 1212:. There is no significant difference between prestin density in high-frequency and low-frequency regions of the cochlea in fully developed mammals. There is good evidence that prestin has undergone adaptive evolution in mammals associated with acquisition of high frequency hearing in mammals. The prestin protein shows several parallel amino acid replacements in bats, whales, and dolphins that have independently evolved ultrasonic hearing and 1296:(CHO) cells. These results could not be reproduced in oocytes. Therefore, prestin may require an associated cofactor for anion uptake in oocytes; however, this hypothesis is still under question. Experiments have shown that various anions can compete for prestin uptake including malate, chloride, and alkylsulfonic anions. 1287:
Although previously thought to be absent, anion transport has also been shown to be an important aspect of prestin's ability to drive electromotility of hair cells. This mechanism is independent of prestin's voltage-sensing capabilities based upon mutagenesis experiments showing that different
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found to be essential for outer hair cell motility. Unlike the classical, enzymatically driven motors, this new type of motor is based on direct voltage-to-displacement conversion and acts several orders of magnitude faster than other cellular motor proteins. A targeted
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Lohi H, Kujala M, Kerkelä E, Saarialho-Kere U, Kestilä M, Kere J (2001). "Mapping of five new putative anion transporter genes in human and characterization of SLC26A6, a candidate gene for pancreatic anion exchanger".
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Oliver D, He DZ, Klöcker N, Ludwig J, Schulte U, Waldegger S, Ruppersberg JP, Dallos P, Fakler B (2001). "Intracellular Anions as the Voltage Sensor of Prestin, the Outer Hair Cell Motor Protein".
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mutations lead to effects in either anion-uptake or NLC, but not both. It is suggested that prestin contains an intrinsic anion-uptake mechanism based upon research showing concentration dependent
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Matsuda K, Zheng J, Du GG, Klöcker N, Madison LD, Dallos P (2004). "N-linked glycosylation sites of the motor protein prestin: effects on membrane targeting and electrophysiological function".
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Liberman MC, Gao J, He DZ, Wu X, Jia S, Zuo J (September 2002). "Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier".
1508:"The ultrastructural distribution of prestin in outer hair cells: A post-embedding immunogold investigation of low and high frequency regions of the rat cochlea" 1276: 2396:
Liu XZ, Ouyang XM, Xia XJ, Zheng J, Pandya A, Li F, Du LL, Welch KO, Petit C, Smith RJ, Webb BT, Yan D, Arnos KS, Corey D, Dallos P, Nance WE, Chen ZY (2004).
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Liberman MC, Gao J, He DZ, Wu X, Jia S, Zuo J (2002). "Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier".
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Rajagopalan L, Patel N, Madabushi S, Goddard JA, Anjan V, Lin F, Shope C, Farrell B, Lichtarge O, Davidson AL, Brownell WE, Pereira FA (2006).
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Franchini LF, Elgoyhen AB (Dec 2006). "Adaptive evolution in mammalian proteins involved in cochlear outer hair cell electromotility".
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at millimolar concentrations. Application of salicylate blocks prestin function in a dose-dependent and readily reversible manner.
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Zheng J, Shen W, He DZ, Long KB, Madison LD, Dallos P (Jun 2000). "Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells".
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Chambard JM, Ashmore JF (2005). "Regulation of the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ4 in the auditory pathway".
3842: 2918: 2763: 2558:"Essential helix interactions in the anion transporter domain of prestin revealed by evolutionary trace analysis" 1384: 1363: 227: 5774: 5690: 5670: 5665: 5636: 3741: 3543: 3538: 3317: 2665: 881: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 862: 5660: 2687: 1259:
Prestin is a transmembrane protein that mechanically contracts and elongates leading to electromotility of
149: 124: 66: 1184:. It is highly expressed in the outer hair cells, and is not expressed in the nonmotile inner hair cells. 263: 162: 256: 155: 4584: 4215: 3087: 2696: 1293: 2096:, Dallos P, Zheng J, Madison LD, "Mammalian prestin polynucleotides", published 2003-08-05 2093: 5645: 3533: 1204:
Prestin is essential in auditory processing. It is specifically expressed in the lateral membrane of
2300:"Thyroid hormone is a critical determinant for the regulation of the cochlear motor protein prestin" 53: 5695: 3517: 3284: 1071: 1067: 1024: 1020: 1000: 996: 971: 945: 74: 1196:
occurs. The expression pattern correlates with the appearance of outer hair cell electromotility.
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Weber T, Zimmermann U, Winter H, Mack A, Köpschall I, Rohbock K, Zenner HP, Knipper M (2002).
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Markovich D (2001). "Physiological roles and regulation of mammalian sulfate transporters".
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Prestin was discovered by Peter Dallos's group in 2000 and named from the musical notation
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strategy of prestin showed a >100-fold (or 40 dB) loss of auditory sensitivity.
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Bai JP, Surguchev A, Montoya S, Aronson PS, Santos-Sacchi J, Navaratnam D (2009).
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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Electromotile function of mammalian prestin is blocked by the amphiphilic anion
2398:"Prestin, a cochlear motor protein, is defective in non-syndromic hearing loss" 1890: 1336: 419: 2532: 1950: 1728: 1699: 1675: 1650: 5763: 5623: 2651: 1275:
In this model of intrinsic voltage-sensing, the movement of ions generates a
1253: 1170: 521: 2003: 1867:"Prestin's Anion Transport and Voltage-Sensing Capabilities Are Independent" 1826: 1263:(OHC). Electromotility is the driving force behind the somatic motor of the 479: 357: 2636: 2591: 2540: 2503: 2474: 2423: 2380: 2343: 2324: 2290: 2282: 2225: 2174: 2137: 2079: 2022: 1968: 1908: 1834: 1788: 1737: 1684: 1635: 1586: 1541: 1467: 336: 115: 2617: 2601:"A new mutation in the human pres gene and its effect on prestin function" 2600: 2260: 1617: 1139: 1134: 5246: 4702: 4298: 3499: 2414: 2397: 2251: 2234: 2233:
Sanger Centre T, Washington University Genome Sequencing Cente T (1999).
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that is critical to sensitive hearing in mammals. It is encoded by the
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Dallos P, Fakler B (2002). "Prestin, a new type of motor protein".
1493:"Entrez Gene: SLC26A5 solute carrier family 26, member 5 (prestin)" 1240: 1123: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5505: 5500: 5472: 5449: 5439: 5434: 5406: 5396: 5391: 5358: 5302: 5292: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5125: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5082: 5072: 5067: 5044: 5031: 5026: 4960: 4955: 4946: 4936: 4907: 4902: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4846: 4822: 4799: 4742: 4737: 4722: 4717: 4707: 4684: 4674: 4669: 4641: 4636: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4308: 4303: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4268: 4240: 4235: 4187: 4182: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3999: 3990: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3924: 3919: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3804: 3794: 3784: 3716: 3672: 3662: 3634: 3629: 3606: 3596: 3591: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3496: 3491: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3425: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3372: 3367: 3266: 3256: 3251: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 2973: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2599:
Toth T, Deak L, Fazakas F, Zheng J, Muszbek L, Sziklai I (2007).
1209: 1181: 1155: 893: 848: 766: 762: 2555: 1987:"Evidence That Prestin Has at Least Two Voltage-dependent Steps" 70: 5704: 5101:
System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter
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Mahendrasingam S, Beurg M, Fettiplace R, Hackney CM (2010).
5335: 5330: 5325: 3226: 1651:"Cetaceans on a molecular fast track to ultrasonic hearing" 1163: 550:
secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
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high affinity glutamate and neutral amino-acid transporter
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cationic amino-acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated
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Mutations in the SLC26A5 gene have been associated with
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glycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of
1162:(solute carrier anion transporter family 26, member 5) 1649:
Liu Y, Rossiter SJ, Han X, Cotton JA, Zhang S (2010).
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Na-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter
2598: 1648: 2189: 1247:across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, two 1376: 1374: 1372: 1355: 1353: 1351: 687:negative regulation of ion transmembrane transport 2395: 1924: 1554: 273: 172: 57:, DFNB61, PRES, solute carrier family 26 member 5 5761: 1599: 2518: 2350: 1758: 1602:"Prestin and high frequency hearing in mammals" 1437: 1369: 1348: 16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens 1808: 1806: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1381:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029015 555:bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity 2673: 1697: 2152: 1752: 1593: 1270: 4060:organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter 2029: 1984: 1803: 1499: 1426: 1360:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170615 575:chloride transmembrane transporter activity 3582:human Na-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter 2680: 2666: 2648:United States National Library of Medicine 1192:of the outer hair cells, the region where 1188:shows prestin is expressed in the lateral 560:oxalate transmembrane transporter activity 545:sulfate transmembrane transporter activity 2626: 2616: 2581: 2464: 2430: 2413: 2333: 2323: 2250: 2235:"Toward a complete human genome sequence" 2215: 2115: 2086: 2069: 2012: 2002: 1958: 1898: 1727: 1674: 1625: 1576: 1531: 2646:This article incorporates text from the 1980: 1978: 1642: 1487: 1485: 1318: 4178:Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter 2190:Dallos P, Zheng J, Cheatham MA (2006). 2036:Rybalchenko V, Santos-Sacchi J (2008). 1920: 1918: 1691: 5762: 3966:Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1227:) is a member of a distinct family of 5605: 5544: 5269: 5022:proton-coupled amino-acid transporter 4775: 3947: 3468: 3222:heterodimeric amino-acid transporters 2891:heterodimeric amino-acid transporters 2730: 2715: 2661: 1975: 1557:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1482: 1308:because of the speed of the protein. 616:integral component of plasma membrane 278: 239: 234: 177: 136: 131: 3487:proton coupled metal ion transporter 2192:"Prestin and the cochlear amplifier" 1915: 1704:unites echolocating bats and whales" 1698:Li Y, Liu Z, Shi P, Zhang P (2010). 1600:Rossiter SJ, Zhang S, Liu Y (2011). 1231:, SLC26. Members of this family are 1216:, and these represent rare cases of 647:positive regulation of cell motility 5063:sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger 4665:facilitative nucleoside transporter 1849: 1235:well conserved and can mediate the 13: 4865:type II Na-phosphate cotransporter 3078:sodium:neurotransmitter symporters 2108: 1282: 14: 5786: 4818:Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 3780:Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 3653:proton oligopeptide cotransporter 540:protein homodimerization activity 2496:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02377.x 1925:Song L, Santos-Sacchi J (2010). 1524:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07182.x 1512:European Journal of Neuroscience 742:fructose transmembrane transport 722:positive regulation of cell size 672:chloride transmembrane transport 657:regulation of membrane potential 262: 255: 249: 226: 161: 154: 148: 123: 4633:Na-coupled nucleoside transport 4512:multifunctional anion exchanger 3843:vesicular monoamine transporter 1991:Journal of Biological Chemistry 752:sulfate transmembrane transport 2574:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2734-06.2006 2130:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1499 1408: 1390: 667:regulation of intracellular pH 596:integral component of membrane 480:More reference expression data 380:right hemisphere of cerebellum 1: 5606: 5496:multidrug and toxin extrusion 4585:fatty acid transport proteins 2802:facilitative GLUT transporter 2457:10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74194-6 1342: 732:response to auditory stimulus 707:anion transmembrane transport 247: 146: 5270: 5242:basolateral iron transporter 4898:nucleoside-sugar transporter 4776: 3948: 3469: 3391:sodium bile salt cotransport 2992:sodium glucose cotransporter 2716: 2304:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 2208:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114652 1315:by its discoverers in 2003. 1299: 570:transcription factor binding 7: 5770:Genes on human chromosome 7 5545: 2731: 2697:membrane transport proteins 2062:10.1529/biophysj.108.134197 1569:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.042 1330: 1199: 697:ion transmembrane transport 662:response to thyroid hormone 621:basolateral plasma membrane 388:right lobe of thyroid gland 10: 5791: 5430:Putative sugar transporter 2431:Dong XX, Iwasa KH (2004). 1985:Homma K, Dallos P (2010). 1891:10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3948 1325:non-syndromic hearing loss 737:response to salicylic acid 392:left lobe of thyroid gland 20: 5745: 5681: 5618: 5614: 5601: 5551: 5540: 5516: 5488: 5460: 5422: 5379: 5346: 5313: 5280: 5276: 5265: 5234: 5146: 5093: 5055: 5014: 4890: 4857: 4833: 4810: 4786: 4782: 4771: 4695: 4657: 4625: 4577: 4504: 4256: 4208: 4170: 4052: 3958: 3954: 3943: 3906: 3868: 3835: 3772: 3683: 3645: 3617: 3574: 3510: 3479: 3475: 3464: 3383: 3310: 3277: 3188: 3062: 2984: 2911: 2882: 2794: 2741: 2737: 2726: 2722: 2711: 2533:10.1007/s00424-004-1366-2 1951:10.1016/j.bpj.2009.10.027 1729:10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.042 1676:10.1016/j.cub.2010.09.008 1416:"Mouse PubMed Reference:" 1398:"Human PubMed Reference:" 1311:The prestin molecule was 1271:Intrinsic voltage sensing 1138: 1133: 1129: 1122: 1106: 1093:Chr 7: 103.35 – 103.45 Mb 1087: 1064: 1060: 1043: 1019: 1012: 989: 985: 968: 944: 937: 924: 920: 905: 901: 892: 879: 875: 860: 856: 847: 834: 830: 815: 811: 802: 787: 780: 776: 760: 642:response to potassium ion 565:chloride channel activity 520: 516: 504: 499: 490: 477: 426: 417: 364: 355: 325: 317: 313: 296: 283: 246: 225: 216: 212: 195: 182: 145: 122: 113: 109: 64: 61: 51: 44: 39: 35: 30: 5750:solute carrier disorders 5387:Choline-like transporter 3518:electroneutral cation-Cl 2155:Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol 1177:of the inner ear of the 727:regulation of cell shape 21:Not to be confused with 5288:Magnesium transporter E 2919:bicarbonate transporter 2004:10.1074/jbc.M110.185694 1827:10.1126/science.1060939 1237:electroneutral exchange 1220:at the sequence level. 1100:Chr 5: 22.02 – 22.07 Mb 717:transmembrane transport 682:protein tetramerization 601:lateral plasma membrane 5683:Antiporter (exchanger) 2325:10.1073/pnas.052609899 2283:10.1006/geno.2000.6355 2094:US granted 6602992 1223:Prestin (mol. wt. 80 k 462:superior frontal gyrus 5775:Solute carrier family 5154:metal ion transporter 4264:mitochondrial carrier 3914:type III Na-phosphate 2618:10.3892/ijmm.20.4.545 1618:10.4161/cib.4.2.14647 1319:Clinical significance 1294:Chinese hamster ovary 1277:nonlinear capacitance 692:bicarbonate transport 376:cerebellar hemisphere 2252:10.1101/gr.8.11.1097 1218:convergent evolution 702:response to ischemia 241:Chromosome 5 (mouse) 139:Chromosome 7 (human) 5321:Ammonia transporter 4216:Na/(Ca-K) exchanger 2449:2004BpJ....86.1201D 2373:10.1038/nature01059 2365:2002Natur.419..300L 2316:2002PNAS...99.2901W 2054:2008BpJ....95.4439R 2042:Biophysical Journal 1943:2010BpJ....98Q.371S 1931:Biophysical Journal 1883:2009BpJ....96.3179B 1871:Biophysical Journal 1821:(5525): 2340–2343. 1781:10.1038/nature01059 1773:2002Natur.419..300L 1720:2010CBio...20..R55L 1667:2010CBio...20.1834L 1452:2000Natur.405..149Z 637:cochlea development 280:5 A3|5 9.97 cM 103:SLC26A5 - orthologs 5468:Folate transporter 2889:heavy subunits of 2650:, which is in the 2415:10.1093/hmg/ddg127 1700:"The hearing gene 1606:Commun Integr Biol 1265:cochlear amplifier 1229:anion transporters 1186:Immunolocalization 882:ENSMUSG00000029015 630:Biological process 584:Cellular component 528:Molecular function 5757: 5756: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5261: 5260: 5257: 5256: 4767: 4766: 4763: 4762: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3455: 2689:Membrane proteins 1149: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1118: 1117: 1083: 1082: 1054: 1053: 1008: 1007: 979: 978: 933: 932: 914: 913: 888: 887: 869: 868: 843: 842: 824: 823: 772: 771: 747:oxalate transport 652:sulfate transport 512: 511: 508: 507: 486: 485: 473: 472: 411: 410: 396:lactiferous gland 372:cerebellar cortex 309: 308: 208: 207: 23:Prestin (surname) 5782: 5716: 5715: 5714: 5616: 5615: 5603: 5602: 5542: 5541: 5524:Heme transporter 5278: 5277: 5267: 5266: 4784: 4783: 4773: 4772: 3956: 3955: 3945: 3944: 3625:urea transporter 3477: 3476: 3466: 3465: 2739: 2738: 2728: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2713: 2712: 2693:carrier proteins 2682: 2675: 2668: 2659: 2658: 2640: 2630: 2620: 2605:Int. J. Mol. Med 2595: 2585: 2568:(49): 12727–34. 2552: 2515: 2478: 2468: 2427: 2417: 2392: 2347: 2337: 2327: 2294: 2264: 2254: 2245:(11): 1097–108. 2229: 2219: 2186: 2149: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2073: 2048:(9): 4439–4447. 2033: 2027: 2026: 2016: 2006: 1997:(3): 2297–2307. 1982: 1973: 1972: 1962: 1922: 1913: 1912: 1902: 1877:(8): 3179–3186. 1862: 1847: 1846: 1810: 1801: 1800: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1731: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1678: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1629: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1580: 1552: 1546: 1545: 1535: 1518:(9): 1595–1605. 1503: 1497: 1496: 1489: 1480: 1479: 1460:10.1038/35012009 1446:(6783): 149–55. 1435: 1424: 1423: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1394: 1388: 1378: 1367: 1357: 1261:outer hair cells 1206:outer hair cells 1175:outer hair cells 1131: 1130: 1102: 1095: 1078: 1058: 1057: 1049: 1017: 1016: 1013:RefSeq (protein) 1003: 983: 982: 974: 942: 941: 918: 917: 899: 898: 873: 872: 854: 853: 828: 827: 809: 808: 778: 777: 712:response to salt 535:spectrin binding 518: 517: 497: 496: 482: 434:secondary oocyte 422: 420:Top expressed in 415: 414: 360: 358:Top expressed in 353: 352: 332: 331: 315: 314: 305: 292: 281: 266: 259: 253: 242: 230: 214: 213: 204: 191: 180: 165: 158: 152: 141: 127: 111: 110: 105: 56: 49: 28: 27: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5760: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5733: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5677: 5640: 5610: 5585: 5547: 5528: 5512: 5484: 5456: 5418: 5375: 5342: 5309: 5272: 5253: 5230: 5142: 5089: 5051: 5010: 4886: 4853: 4829: 4806: 4778: 4759: 4691: 4653: 4621: 4573: 4500: 4252: 4204: 4166: 4048: 3950: 3931: 3902: 3864: 3831: 3768: 3691:monocarboxylate 3679: 3641: 3613: 3570: 3506: 3471: 3452: 3379: 3306: 3285:Na/Ca exchanger 3273: 3184: 3058: 2980: 2907: 2878: 2790: 2733: 2718: 2707: 2686: 2643: 2408:(10): 1155–62. 2402:Hum. Mol. Genet 2359:(6904): 300–4. 2202:(Pt 1): 37–42. 2124:(4): 1499–533. 2111: 2109:Further reading 2106: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2034: 2030: 1983: 1976: 1923: 1916: 1863: 1850: 1811: 1804: 1767:(6904): 300–4. 1757: 1753: 1696: 1692: 1647: 1643: 1598: 1594: 1553: 1549: 1504: 1500: 1491: 1490: 1483: 1436: 1427: 1414: 1413: 1409: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1379: 1370: 1358: 1349: 1345: 1333: 1321: 1302: 1285: 1283:Anion transport 1273: 1254:gene disruption 1202: 1194:electromotility 1190:plasma membrane 1169:Prestin is the 1140:View/Edit Mouse 1135:View/Edit Human 1098: 1091: 1088:Location (UCSC) 1074: 1070: 1066: 1045: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 999: 995: 991: 970: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 863:ENSG00000170615 756: 625: 611:plasma membrane 579: 478: 469: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 418: 407: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 356: 300: 287: 279: 269: 268: 267: 260: 240: 217:Gene location ( 199: 186: 178: 168: 167: 166: 159: 137: 114:Gene location ( 65: 52: 45: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5788: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5755: 5754: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5711: 5693: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5626: 5612: 5611: 5599: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5492: 5490: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5372: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5284: 5282: 5274: 5273: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5250: 5249: 5238: 5236: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5097: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4984: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4894: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4837: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4790: 4788: 4780: 4779: 4769: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4174: 4172: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4045: 4044: 4032: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4009: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3995: 3994: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3962: 3960: 3952: 3951: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3916:cotransporter 3910: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3520:cotransporter 3514: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3494: 3483: 3481: 3473: 3472: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3318:Na/H exchanger 3314: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2886: 2884: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2745: 2743: 2735: 2734: 2720: 2719: 2709: 2708: 2700:solute carrier 2685: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2662: 2642: 2641: 2596: 2553: 2516: 2479: 2428: 2393: 2348: 2295: 2265: 2230: 2187: 2167:10.1038/nrm730 2150: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2085: 2028: 1974: 1937:(3): 371–376. 1914: 1848: 1802: 1751: 1714:(2): R55–R56. 1690: 1661:(20): 1834–9. 1641: 1592: 1563:(3): 622–635. 1547: 1498: 1481: 1425: 1407: 1389: 1368: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1332: 1329: 1320: 1317: 1301: 1298: 1284: 1281: 1272: 1269: 1208:(OHCs) of the 1201: 1198: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1127: 1126: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1104: 1103: 1096: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1062: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1041: 1040: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 987: 986: 980: 977: 976: 966: 965: 939: 935: 934: 931: 930: 922: 921: 915: 912: 911: 903: 902: 896: 890: 889: 886: 885: 877: 876: 870: 867: 866: 858: 857: 851: 845: 844: 841: 840: 832: 831: 825: 822: 821: 813: 812: 806: 800: 799: 794: 789: 785: 784: 774: 773: 770: 769: 758: 757: 755: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 633: 631: 627: 626: 624: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 587: 585: 581: 580: 578: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 531: 529: 525: 524: 514: 513: 510: 509: 506: 505: 502: 501: 494: 488: 487: 484: 483: 475: 474: 471: 470: 468: 467: 463: 459: 455: 454:primary oocyte 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 424: 423: 412: 409: 408: 406: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 362: 361: 349: 348: 340: 329: 323: 322: 319:RNA expression 311: 310: 307: 306: 298: 294: 293: 285: 282: 277: 271: 270: 261: 254: 248: 244: 243: 238: 232: 231: 223: 222: 210: 209: 206: 205: 197: 193: 192: 184: 181: 176: 170: 169: 160: 153: 147: 143: 142: 135: 129: 128: 120: 119: 107: 106: 63: 59: 58: 50: 42: 41: 37: 36: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5787: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5752: 5751: 5744: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5624:Cotransporter 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5604: 5600: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5550: 5543: 5539: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5515: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5268: 5264: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5054: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4774: 4770: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4503: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3942: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3682: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3467: 3463: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2652:public domain 2649: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2611:(4): 545–50. 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2521:PflĂĽgers Arch 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2490:(4): 928–38. 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2443:(2): 1201–8. 2442: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2310:(5): 2901–6. 2309: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2277:(1): 102–12. 2276: 2272: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2161:(2): 104–11. 2160: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2113: 2095: 2089: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2032: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1981: 1979: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1921: 1919: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1809: 1807: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1755: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1703: 1694: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1551: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1502: 1494: 1488: 1486: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1347: 1340: 1338: 1328: 1326: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1280: 1278: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:motor protein 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1048: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 988: 984: 981: 975: 973: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 940: 938:RefSeq (mRNA) 936: 929: 928: 923: 919: 916: 910: 909: 904: 900: 897: 895: 891: 884: 883: 878: 874: 871: 865: 864: 859: 855: 852: 850: 846: 839: 838: 833: 829: 826: 820: 819: 814: 810: 807: 805: 801: 798: 795: 793: 790: 786: 783: 779: 775: 768: 764: 759: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 634: 632: 629: 628: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 586: 583: 582: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 532: 530: 527: 526: 523: 522:Gene ontology 519: 515: 503: 498: 495: 493: 489: 481: 476: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 428: 425: 421: 416: 413: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 366: 363: 359: 354: 351: 350: 347: 345: 341: 339: 338: 334: 333: 330: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 304: 299: 295: 291: 286: 276: 272: 265: 258: 252: 245: 237: 233: 229: 224: 220: 215: 211: 203: 198: 194: 190: 185: 175: 171: 164: 157: 151: 144: 140: 134: 130: 126: 121: 117: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 60: 55: 48: 43: 38: 34: 29: 24: 19: 5747: 4843:transporter 4796:transporter 3882:transporter 3693:transporter 3076:- dependent 2645: 2644: 2608: 2604: 2565: 2561: 2527:(1): 34–44. 2524: 2520: 2487: 2484:J. Neurochem 2483: 2440: 2436: 2405: 2401: 2356: 2352: 2307: 2303: 2274: 2270: 2242: 2238: 2199: 2195: 2158: 2154: 2121: 2118:Physiol. Rev 2117: 2088: 2045: 2041: 2031: 1994: 1990: 1934: 1930: 1874: 1870: 1818: 1814: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1693: 1658: 1654: 1644: 1612:(2): 236–9. 1609: 1605: 1595: 1560: 1556: 1550: 1515: 1511: 1501: 1443: 1439: 1419: 1410: 1401: 1392: 1334: 1322: 1310: 1303: 1286: 1274: 1258: 1233:structurally 1222: 1214:echolocation 1203: 1168: 1159: 1151: 1150: 1072:NP_001276717 1068:NP_001276716 1065: 1044: 1025:NP_001308716 1021:NP_001161434 1001:NM_001289788 997:NM_001289787 990: 972:NM_001321787 969: 946:NM_001167962 925: 906: 880: 861: 835: 816: 796: 791: 466:spermatocyte 400:zone of skin 342: 335: 200:103,446,207 187:103,352,730 62:External IDs 18: 4703:zinc efflux 2562:J. Neurosci 1578:11336/79650 404:skin of leg 301:22,070,602 288:22,015,653 40:Identifiers 5764:Categories 5729:Cl-oxalate 5724:Cl-formate 5651:Na/glucose 4841:Acetyl-CoA 2437:Biophys. J 2239:Genome Res 2196:J. Physiol 1708:Curr. Biol 1655:Curr. Biol 1387:, May 2017 1366:, May 2017 1343:References 1337:salicylate 1292:uptake in 450:blastocyst 346:(ortholog) 83:HomoloGene 5748:see also 5620:Symporter 5608:Ion pumps 2628:2437/4636 1300:Discovery 1245:carbonate 1179:mammalian 1076:NP_109652 1047:NP_996768 1037:NP_996767 1033:NP_996766 1029:NP_945350 993:NM_030727 962:NM_206885 958:NM_206884 954:NM_206883 950:NM_198999 782:Orthologs 591:cytoplasm 91:GeneCards 5717:(Band 3) 5701:Na/(Ca-K 5271:SLC41–48 5224:SLC39A14 5219:SLC39A13 5214:SLC39A12 5209:SLC39A11 5204:SLC39A10 5136:SLC38A10 4777:SLC31–40 4753:SLC30A10 4567:SLC26A11 4562:SLC26A10 4494:SLC25A46 4489:SLC25A45 4484:SLC25A44 4479:SLC25A43 4474:SLC25A42 4469:SLC25A41 4464:SLC25A40 4459:SLC25A39 4454:SLC25A38 4449:SLC25A37 4444:SLC25A36 4439:SLC25A35 4434:SLC25A34 4429:SLC25A33 4424:SLC25A32 4419:SLC25A31 4414:SLC25A30 4409:SLC25A29 4404:SLC25A28 4399:SLC25A27 4394:SLC25A26 4389:SLC25A25 4384:SLC25A24 4379:SLC25A23 4374:SLC25A22 4369:SLC25A21 4364:SLC25A20 4359:SLC25A19 4354:SLC25A18 4349:SLC25A17 4344:SLC25A16 4339:SLC25A15 4334:SLC25A14 4329:SLC25A13 4324:SLC25A12 4319:SLC25A11 4314:SLC25A10 4160:SLC22A20 4155:SLC22A19 4150:SLC22A18 4145:SLC22A17 4140:SLC22A16 4135:SLC22A15 4130:SLC22A14 4125:SLC22A13 4120:SLC22A12 4115:SLC22A11 4110:SLC22A10 3949:SLC21–30 3880:thiamine 3762:SLC16A14 3757:SLC16A13 3752:SLC16A12 3747:SLC16A11 3742:SLC16A10 3470:SLC11–20 3074:chloride 2717:By group 2637:17786286 2592:17151276 2549:21570482 2541:15660259 2512:24400032 2504:15140192 2475:14747354 2424:12719379 2381:12239568 2344:11867734 2291:11087667 2271:Genomics 2226:16873410 2175:11836512 2146:30942862 2138:11581495 2080:18658219 2023:21071769 1969:20141749 1909:19383462 1843:23864514 1835:11423665 1789:12239568 1738:20129037 1685:20933423 1636:21655450 1587:16854604 1542:20525072 1468:10821263 1383:– 1362:– 1331:Blockers 1313:patented 1241:chloride 1200:Function 1124:Wikidata 761:Sources: 606:membrane 458:epiblast 446:yolk sac 368:testicle 5632:Na/K,Cl 5546:SLCO1–4 5506:SLC47A2 5501:SLC47A1 5478:SLC46A2 5473:SLC46A1 5450:SLC45A4 5445:SLC54A3 5440:SLC45A2 5435:SLC45A1 5412:SLC44A5 5407:SLC44A4 5402:SLC44A3 5397:SLC44A2 5392:SLC44A1 5369:SLC43A3 5364:SLC43A2 5359:SLC43A1 5303:SLC41A3 5298:SLC41A2 5293:SLC41A1 5247:SLC40A1 5199:SLC39A9 5194:SLC39A8 5189:SLC39A7 5184:SLC39A6 5179:SLC39A5 5174:SLC39A4 5169:SLC39A3 5164:SLC39A2 5159:SLC39A1 5131:SLC38A6 5126:SLC38A5 5121:SLC38A4 5116:SLC38A3 5111:SLC38A2 5106:SLC38A1 5083:SLC37A4 5078:SLC37A3 5073:SLC37A2 5068:SLC37A1 5042:SLC36A4 5037:SLC36A3 5032:SLC36A2 5027:SLC36A1 5004:SLC35E4 4999:SLC35E3 4994:SLC35E2 4989:SLC35E1 4980:SLC35D3 4975:SLC35D2 4970:SLC35D1 4961:SLC35C2 4956:SLC35C1 4947:SLC35B4 4942:SLC35B3 4937:SLC35B2 4932:SLC35B1 4923:SLC35A5 4918:SLC35A4 4913:SLC35A3 4908:SLC35A2 4903:SLC35A1 4880:SLC34A3 4875:SLC34A2 4870:SLC34A1 4847:SLC33A1 4823:SLC32A1 4800:SLC31A1 4748:SLC30A9 4743:SLC30A8 4738:SLC30A7 4733:SLC30A6 4728:SLC30A5 4723:SLC30A4 4718:SLC30A3 4713:SLC30A2 4708:SLC30A1 4685:SLC29A4 4680:SLC29A3 4675:SLC29A2 4670:SLC29A1 4647:SLC28A3 4642:SLC28A2 4637:SLC28A1 4615:SLC27A6 4610:SLC27A5 4605:SLC27A4 4600:SLC27A3 4595:SLC27A2 4590:SLC27A1 4557:SLC26A9 4552:SLC26A8 4547:SLC26A7 4542:SLC26A6 4537:SLC26A5 4532:SLC26A4 4527:SLC26A3 4522:SLC26A2 4517:SLC26A1 4309:SLC25A9 4304:SLC25A8 4299:SLC25A7 4294:SLC25A6 4289:SLC25A5 4284:SLC25A4 4279:SLC25A3 4274:SLC25A2 4269:SLC25A1 4246:SLC24A6 4241:SLC24A5 4236:SLC24A4 4231:SLC24A3 4226:SLC24A2 4221:SLC24A1 4198:SLC23A4 4193:SLC23A3 4188:SLC23A2 4183:SLC23A1 4105:SLC22A9 4100:SLC22A8 4095:SLC22A7 4090:SLC22A6 4085:SLC22A5 4080:SLC22A4 4075:SLC22A3 4070:SLC22A2 4065:SLC22A1 4041:SLCO6A1 4037:SLCO5A1 4028:SLCO4C1 4023:SLCO4A1 4014:SLCO3A1 4005:SLCO2B1 4000:SLCO2A1 3991:SLCO1C1 3986:SLCO1B4 3981:SLCO1B3 3976:SLCO1B1 3971:SLCO1A2 3925:SLC20A2 3920:SLC20A1 3896:SLC19A3 3891:SLC19A2 3886:SLC19A1 3858:SLC18A3 3853:SLC18A2 3848:SLC18A1 3825:SLC17A9 3820:SLC17A8 3815:SLC17A7 3810:SLC17A6 3805:SLC17A5 3800:SLC17A4 3795:SLC17A3 3790:SLC17A2 3785:SLC17A1 3737:SLC16A9 3732:SLC16A8 3727:SLC16A7 3722:SLC16A6 3717:SLC16A5 3712:SLC16A4 3707:SLC16A3 3702:SLC16A2 3697:SLC16A1 3673:SLC15A4 3668:SLC15A3 3663:SLC15A2 3658:SLC15A1 3635:SLC14A2 3630:SLC14A1 3607:SLC13A5 3602:SLC13A4 3597:SLC13A3 3592:SLC13A2 3587:SLC13A1 3564:SLC12A9 3559:SLC12A8 3554:SLC12A7 3549:SLC12A6 3544:SLC12A5 3539:SLC12A4 3534:SLC12A3 3529:SLC12A2 3524:SLC12A1 3497:SLC11A2 3492:SLC11A1 3426:SLC10A7 3421:SLC10A6 3416:SLC10A5 3411:SLC10A4 3406:SLC10A3 3401:SLC10A2 3396:SLC10A1 3373:SLC9A11 3368:SLC9A10 3267:SLC7A14 3262:SLC7A13 3257:SLC7A11 3252:SLC7A10 3178:SLC6A20 3173:SLC6A19 3168:SLC6A18 3163:SLC6A17 3158:SLC6A16 3153:SLC6A15 3148:SLC6A14 3143:SLC6A13 3138:SLC6A12 3133:SLC6A11 3128:SLC6A10 2732:SLC1–10 2583:2675645 2466:1303912 2445:Bibcode 2389:4412381 2361:Bibcode 2312:Bibcode 2261:9847074 2217:1995634 2183:7333228 2071:2567960 2050:Bibcode 2014:3023524 1960:2814207 1939:Bibcode 1900:2718310 1879:Bibcode 1815:Science 1797:4412381 1769:Bibcode 1746:7367035 1716:Bibcode 1702:Prestin 1663:Bibcode 1627:3104589 1533:2925464 1476:4409772 1448:Bibcode 1385:Ensembl 1364:Ensembl 1290:formate 1210:cochlea 1182:cochlea 1173:of the 1160:SLC26A5 1156:protein 1152:Prestin 894:UniProt 849:Ensembl 788:Species 767:QuickGO 677:hearing 321:pattern 95:SLC26A5 79:1933154 54:SLC26A5 47:Aliases 31:SLC26A5 4794:copper 3876:folate 3363:SLC9A9 3358:SLC9A8 3353:SLC9A7 3348:SLC9A6 3343:SLC9A5 3338:SLC9A4 3333:SLC9A3 3328:SLC9A2 3323:SLC9A1 3300:SLC8A3 3295:SLC8A2 3290:SLC8A1 3247:SLC7A9 3242:SLC7A8 3237:SLC7A7 3232:SLC7A6 3227:SLC7A5 3214:SLC7A4 3209:SLC7A3 3204:SLC7A2 3199:SLC7A1 3123:SLC6A9 3118:SLC6A8 3113:SLC6A7 3108:SLC6A6 3103:SLC6A5 3098:SLC6A4 3093:SLC6A3 3088:SLC6A2 3083:SLC6A1 3072:- and 3070:sodium 2997:SLC5A1 2924:SLC4A1 2896:SLC3A1 2807:SLC2A1 2754:SLC1A1 2635:  2590:  2580:  2547:  2539:  2510:  2502:  2473:  2463:  2422:  2387:  2379:  2353:Nature 2342:  2335:122445 2332:  2289:  2259:  2224:  2214:  2181:  2173:  2144:  2136:  2100:  2078:  2068:  2021:  2011:  1967:  1957:  1907:  1897:  1841:  1833:  1795:  1787:  1761:Nature 1744:  1736:  1683:  1634:  1624:  1585:  1540:  1530:  1474:  1466:  1440:Nature 1306:presto 1249:anions 1110:search 1108:PubMed 927:Q99NH7 908:P58743 818:375611 804:Entrez 492:BioGPS 442:morula 438:embryo 430:zygote 179:7q22.1 71:604943 5696:Na/Ca 5646:Na/Cl 5517:(48): 5489:(47): 5461:(46): 5423:(45): 5380:(44): 5347:(43): 5314:(42): 5281:(41): 5235:(40): 5147:(39): 5094:(38): 5056:(37): 5015:(36): 4891:(35): 4858:(34): 4834:(33): 4811:(32): 4787:(31): 4696:(30): 4658:(29): 4626:(28): 4578:(27): 4505:(26): 4257:(25): 4209:(24): 4171:(23): 4053:(22): 3959:(21): 3907:(20): 3869:(19): 3836:(18): 3773:(17): 3684:(16): 3646:(15): 3618:(14): 3575:(13): 3511:(12): 3480:(11): 3384:(10): 2704:TC 2A 2545:S2CID 2508:S2CID 2385:S2CID 2179:S2CID 2142:S2CID 1839:S2CID 1793:S2CID 1742:S2CID 1472:S2CID 1154:is a 837:80979 797:Mouse 792:Human 763:Amigo 384:gonad 344:Mouse 337:Human 284:Start 219:Mouse 183:Start 116:Human 87:69472 5703:) - 5691:Na/H 5661:Cl/K 5656:Na/I 5637:Na/P 5581:O4A1 5576:O431 5571:O2B1 5566:O1B3 5561:O1B1 5556:O1A2 5336:RhCG 5331:RhBG 5326:RhAG 5045:36A2 3500:11A3 3448:10A7 3443:10A3 3438:10A2 3433:10A1 3311:(9): 3278:(8): 3189:(7): 3063:(6): 2985:(5): 2912:(4): 2883:(3): 2795:(2): 2742:(1): 2633:PMID 2588:PMID 2537:PMID 2500:PMID 2471:PMID 2420:PMID 2377:PMID 2340:PMID 2287:PMID 2257:PMID 2222:PMID 2171:PMID 2134:PMID 2076:PMID 2019:PMID 1965:PMID 1905:PMID 1831:PMID 1785:PMID 1734:PMID 1681:PMID 1632:PMID 1583:PMID 1538:PMID 1464:PMID 1243:and 1164:gene 327:Bgee 275:Band 236:Chr. 174:Band 133:Chr. 67:OMIM 5707:HCO 5705:Cl/ 2623:hdl 2613:doi 2578:PMC 2570:doi 2529:doi 2525:450 2492:doi 2461:PMC 2453:doi 2410:doi 2369:doi 2357:419 2330:PMC 2320:doi 2279:doi 2247:doi 2212:PMC 2204:doi 2200:576 2163:doi 2126:doi 2066:PMC 2058:doi 2009:PMC 1999:doi 1995:286 1955:PMC 1947:doi 1895:PMC 1887:doi 1823:doi 1819:292 1777:doi 1765:419 1724:doi 1671:doi 1622:PMC 1614:doi 1573:hdl 1565:doi 1528:PMC 1520:doi 1456:doi 1444:405 1239:of 500:n/a 297:End 196:End 99:OMA 75:MGI 5766:: 5622:, 3052:12 3047:11 3042:10 2974:11 2969:10 2872:14 2867:13 2862:12 2857:11 2852:10 2695:: 2691:, 2631:. 2621:. 2609:20 2607:. 2603:. 2586:. 2576:. 2566:26 2564:. 2560:. 2543:. 2535:. 2523:. 2506:. 2498:. 2488:89 2486:. 2469:. 2459:. 2451:. 2441:86 2439:. 2435:. 2418:. 2406:12 2404:. 2400:. 2383:. 2375:. 2367:. 2355:. 2338:. 2328:. 2318:. 2308:99 2306:. 2302:. 2285:. 2275:70 2273:. 2255:. 2241:. 2237:. 2220:. 2210:. 2198:. 2194:. 2177:. 2169:. 2157:. 2140:. 2132:. 2122:81 2120:. 2074:. 2064:. 2056:. 2046:95 2044:. 2040:. 2017:. 2007:. 1993:. 1989:. 1977:^ 1963:. 1953:. 1945:. 1935:98 1933:. 1929:. 1917:^ 1903:. 1893:. 1885:. 1875:96 1873:. 1869:. 1851:^ 1837:. 1829:. 1817:. 1805:^ 1791:. 1783:. 1775:. 1763:. 1740:. 1732:. 1722:. 1712:20 1710:. 1706:. 1679:. 1669:. 1659:20 1657:. 1653:. 1630:. 1620:. 1608:. 1604:. 1581:. 1571:. 1561:41 1559:. 1536:. 1526:. 1516:31 1514:. 1510:. 1484:^ 1470:. 1462:. 1454:. 1442:. 1428:^ 1418:. 1400:. 1371:^ 1350:^ 1327:. 1225:Da 1166:. 765:/ 303:bp 290:bp 202:bp 189:bp 97:; 93:: 89:; 85:: 81:; 77:: 73:; 69:: 5712:3 5671:5 5666:4 5641:3 5639:i 4635:( 4043:) 4039:( 3878:/ 3037:9 3032:8 3027:7 3022:6 3017:5 3012:4 3007:3 3002:2 2964:9 2959:8 2954:7 2949:6 2944:5 2939:4 2934:3 2929:2 2901:2 2847:9 2842:8 2837:7 2832:6 2827:5 2822:4 2817:3 2812:2 2784:7 2779:6 2774:5 2769:4 2764:3 2759:2 2706:) 2702:( 2681:e 2674:t 2667:v 2654:. 2639:. 2625:: 2615:: 2594:. 2572:: 2551:. 2531:: 2514:. 2494:: 2477:. 2455:: 2447:: 2426:. 2412:: 2391:. 2371:: 2363:: 2346:. 2322:: 2314:: 2293:. 2281:: 2263:. 2249:: 2243:8 2228:. 2206:: 2185:. 2165:: 2159:3 2148:. 2128:: 2082:. 2060:: 2052:: 2025:. 2001:: 1971:. 1949:: 1941:: 1911:. 1889:: 1881:: 1845:. 1825:: 1799:. 1779:: 1771:: 1748:. 1726:: 1718:: 1687:. 1673:: 1665:: 1638:. 1616:: 1610:4 1589:. 1575:: 1567:: 1544:. 1522:: 1495:. 1478:. 1458:: 1450:: 1422:. 1404:. 221:) 118:) 101:: 25:.

Index

Prestin (surname)
Aliases
SLC26A5
OMIM
604943
MGI
1933154
HomoloGene
69472
GeneCards
SLC26A5
OMA
SLC26A5 - orthologs
Human
Chromosome 7 (human)
Chr.
Chromosome 7 (human)
Chromosome 7 (human)
Genomic location for SLC26A5
Genomic location for SLC26A5
Band
bp
bp
Mouse
Chromosome 5 (mouse)
Chr.
Chromosome 5 (mouse)
Genomic location for SLC26A5
Genomic location for SLC26A5
Band

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