946:, were camped less than ten miles away. When discovering this, the Cheyenne, Sioux, and Arapaho warriors, not wanting the soldiers to attack their village, attacked the soldiers first. The soldiers' lead guard, was marching about one quarter of a mile ahead of the column. This command was hit first. Out of the 25 men of the lead guard, two men became casualties. After seeing this first confrontation, Lieutenant Colonel Walker sent a courier back to inform Colonel Cole of the attack. At the time, Cole was overseeing the crossing of his wagon train to the east bank of the Powder River. Cole ordered the train, out of the timber and corralled, and the 12th Missouri Cavalry to skirmish through the woods along the river bank, and to drive out a body of Indians in the woods. The soldiers pushed the warriors off the battlefield. Near the end of the engagement, another Private was wounded. At least one Native American was killed in the engagement. A snowstorm during the night of September 8–9, 1865, caused further problems for the soldiers, most of whom were now on foot, in rags, and reduced to eating raw horse meat.
994:, a participant in the fighting on September 8, stated that the Lakota would have annihilated Cole's and Walker's columns had they possessed more good firearms. Indian resistance to travelers on the Bozeman Trail became more determined than ever. "There will be no more travel on that road until the government takes care of the Indians," a correspondent wrote. The most important consequence of the expedition was to persuade the United States government that another effort to build and protect a wagon road from Fort Laramie to the gold fields in Montana was desirable. That conviction would lead to a renewed invasion of the Powder River country a year later and
562:
747:. The surprised Indians fled the village, but regrouped and counterattacked, and Connor was dissuaded from further pursuit. The soldiers destroyed the village, captured about 500 horses, and 8 women and 13 children who were subsequently released. Conner claimed to have killed 63 Arapaho warriors, a probably exaggerated estimate, at a cost to himself of 2 killed and five wounded. He then marched north on the Tongue River into southern Montana Territory before returning to Fort Connor, harassed by the Arapaho en route. The Arapaho, who had not been overly hostile before, now joined the Sioux and Cheyenne.
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the group on the Powder River about 50 miles north of Fort Connor. The
Cheyennes had made their camp for the night and were asleep, and North decided to wait until dawn to attack. In the morning, his group closed in on the camp. Spotting the scouts, the Cheyennes mistook North's party for friendly Cheyennes, and made no hostile moves. Then, the Pawnees suddenly charged in on the surprised Cheyennes, quickly killing all 24, including Yellow Woman, the stepmother of
962:
41:
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Cheyennes wounded North's horse, and the
Captain got behind the downed animal and used it as a barricade, from which position he fought off his attackers. Scout Bob White came upon North and joined him in the fight. Several more Pawnees arrived, and the small party then shot and wounded several of the warriors who then quickly fled. The fight at Crazy Woman's Fork was the first engagement of the
807:
tobacco. When the wagons began moving again, the
Natives attacked again, killing Privates Anthony Nelson, and John Rawze. The soldiers fired back, killing two warriors, and the Native Americans quickly withdrew from the corralled wagons. After burying Private Nelson beside Nathaniel Hedges, and being unable to locate the body of Private Rawze, the Sawyers Expedition continued on.
917:
warriors attacked the camps' horse herd. The first of the soldiers to respond were seven men of
Battery K, in the 2nd Missouri Light Artillery Regiment. Shortly after leaving the camp, warriors ambushed this party, and in the following battle, five of these seven soldiers became casualties, with two
781:
George
Williford. In the evening near Pumpkin Butte, Cheyenne and Sioux Native American Warriors attacked the train, killing Nathaniel Hedges, a 19-year-old civilian employee. Later in the evening of the thirteenth, the wagons were corralled near Bone Pile Creek, and Hedges was buried at the center
949:
On the morning of
September 10, 1865, Cole's, and Walker's column's were encamped near the confluence of the Little Powder River and the Powder River when Native American warriors appeared. There were volleys and some sporadic firing. On September 11, there was more light skirmishing. On September
806:
was dressed in a United States military uniform. (Bent later reported that he had captured a major's uniform coat during the sack of
Julesburg in January 1865 and wore it throughout this campaign.) Sawyers agreed to give the supplies, which included a wagon full of sugar, bacon, coffee, flour, and
700:
For two days, Captain North and his Pawnee Scouts trailed a band of
Cheyennes who were heading north. The trail showed that the Cheyennes had about 40 horses and mules, along with one travoi carrying a wounded warrior. At 2:00 a.m. on August 16, 1865, the Captain and his Scouts caught up with
921:
On the next day, Saturday, September 2, 1865, there were at least three small skirmishes with warriors. In the first, at least one warrior was killed in the fight. In the second, no casualties were reported. In the third, later in the day, two soldiers were killed, while returning to camp after a
821:
On
September 1, 1865, Arapaho warriors, infuriated by the destruction of their village on the Tongue River, attacked Sawyers' wagon train, killing three men. Two of the Arapaho warriors were killed. The wagon train was held under virtual siege for two weeks when it was finally rescued by Connor's
974:
Connor, Cole, Walker, and
Sawyers sustained a combined total loss of 31 killed and 19 wounded. Cole claimed that his soldiers had killed two hundred Indians. By contrast, Walker said, "I cannot say as we killed one." Connor's command inflicted most of the 68-96 or more natives killed, 14 or more
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was riding with some of his men near the Crazy Woman's Fork of the Powder River. North and his scouts spotted a small group of Cheyenne warriors, and commenced a chase. During the pursuit, North became separated from his men by about a mile, and the retreating warriors turned on him. One of the
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and traverse the country west of the Black Hills. The "Left" and "West" Columns of 675 men, personally commanded by Connor and composed of soldiers from California, Iowa, Michigan, Nebraska and Ohio, along with Indian scouts and a wagon train, would move toward the Powder River with the goal of
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On September 8, 1865, the over 2,000 United States soldiers and civilians of Colonel Cole's and Walker's column's were marching South, up Powder River in Montana Territory. Unbeknownst to them, a village of Over 2,500 Cheyenne, Sioux, and Arapaho including the Cheyenne chief
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The Indians perceived the Bozeman Trail, blazed in 1863 through the heart of their country, as a threat. Although roads through the Indian territory were permitted by the Fort Laramie Treaty, they harassed miners and other travelers along the trail. At the
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killed, one mortally wounded, and two wounded. Later that night, two unknown U.S. soldiers in a hunting party were killed. The known Sioux Casualties during the battle of Alkali Creek, are four unknown warriors killed, and four unknown warriors wounded.
739:, with 215 California, Iowa, and Ohio cavalrymen and over 80 Pawnee, Omaha, and Winnebago Scouts. The people in the village were primarily women, children, and old men. Most of the warriors were absent, engaged in a war with the
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was chosen to lead the expedition. Dodge ordered Connor to "make vigorous war upon the Indians and punish them so that they will be forced to keep the peace." The campaign was one of the last Indian wars campaigns carried out by
601:
Connor's orders to his commanders were as follows, "You will not receive overtures of peace or submission from Indians, but will attack and kill every male Indian over twelve years of age." Connor's superiors, Generals
958:. Cole, Walker and their soldiers arrived there on September 20, 1865. Connor deemed the soldiers unfit for further service and sent them back to Fort Laramie where most of them were mustered out of the army.
609:
The expedition was troubled from the start. The number of men to be involved in the campaign was reduced from 12,000 to less than 3,000 because many soldiers were mustered out of the army at the end of the
705:. The Pawnees lost 4 horses, but captured 18 horses and 17 mules, many with government brands showing they had been captured in the recent battles at Red Buttes and Platte Bridge Station on July 26.
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of the corral. The next morning, the warriors returned and attacked again. The warriors again attacked the corralled wagons on the fifteenth, but they could not overtake the wagon train. Chief
855:, arriving there on August 13, 1865. Cole's command, during the 560 miles (900 km) of traveling, suffered from thirst, diminishing supplies, and near mutinies. Lieutenant Colonel
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Connor finally united all the components of his expedition on September 24, 1865, at Fort Connor. However, orders transferring him to Utah were awaiting him when he arrived there. The
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Meanwhile, an expedition commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James A. Sawyers consisting of train of 80 wagons, engineers, supplies, and escorting soldiers of Companies C and D of the
573:
Connor's strategy was for three columns of soldiers to march into the Powder River Country. The "Right column", composed of 1,400 Missourians and 140 wagons commanded by Colonel
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was traveling toward the Powder River with plans to continue on to Montana. Sawyers' group was to construct a new road for the use of emigrants to the Montana gold fields.
272:
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On August 13, 1865, the soldiers, civilians, and wagon train of the Sawyers Expedition were moving west. The soldiers accompanying the train included a battalion of the
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commanded by Colonel James H. Kidd had recently been transferred from the Civil War battlefields of Virginia, and most of Cole's and Walker's men had been active in the
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in July 1865, over a thousand warriors attacked a bridge across the North Platte River and succeeded in temporarily shutting down travel on both the Bozeman and
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13, two scouts from Brigadier General Connor's column found Walker's and Cole's column's on Powder River and informed them of the newly established
756:
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Connor marched north from Fort Connor, and on August 28, his Pawnee scouts discovered an Arapaho village of about 600 people encamped on the
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hunting trip. In desperate need of supplies, Colonel Cole and Walker decided to follow Powder River north, to search for Brigadier General
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and Dodge attempted to countermand this order, but it was too late, as the three columns had already departed and were out of contact.
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On the morning of September 1, 1865, the over 1,400 United States soldiers and civilians, of Colonel Nelson D. Cole's column of the
589:, meeting up with Connor near the Powder River. The "Center Column", consisting of 600 Kansas cavalrymen led by Lieutenant Colonel
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hunt. A weakness of Indian warfare was that they lacked the resources to keep an army in the field for an extended period of time.
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Although achieving some successes, the expedition failed to defeat decisively or intimidate the Indians. The Cheyenne warrior,
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ordered the Powder River Expedition as a punitive campaign against the northern plains tribes in the heart of their territory.
1990:
1928:
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1982:
Powder River Odyssey: Nelson Cole's Western Campaign of 1865, The Journals of Lyman G. Bennett and Other Eyewitness Accounts
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during the last years of the war. Few of the men and officers had any experience fighting Indians or traveling on the
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remained to staff Fort Connor and all other troops withdrew to Fort Laramie, most to be mustered out of the army.
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and his 675 soldiers, Indian scouts, and civilian teamsters, along with a wagon train full of supplies, left
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934:, to search for Connor's left column. The Indians attacked again on September 4 and 5, 1865, in present-day
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Sawyers for a safe passage of the wagon train in exchange for one wagon's load of supplies. Soldiers of the
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Ordinance Rifle Section (2 Cannon), (manned by men from 2nd Missouri Volunteer Light Artillery Regiment):
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843:, on July 1, 1865, with over 1,400 Missourians and 140 wagon-loads of supplies. His column followed the
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The soldiers in the Powder River Expedition followed Powder River from near its mouth to its headwaters.
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883:. By this time, some of the men were barefooted and many of the horses and mules were growing weak.
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from bad water. The two columns marched separately, but remained in contact as they moved west to
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1798:
McGinnis, Anthony "Strike & Retreat: Intertribal Warfare and the Powder River War, 1865-1868"
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871:. He had likewise suffered from shortages of water, and had lost several of his soldiers of the
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485:, the expedition is considered a failure because it failed to defeat or intimidate the Indians.
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926:'s column, and his wagon train. The expeditions continued north to the mouth of Mizpah Creek in
614:. The remaining volunteers were "mutinous, dissatisfied, and inefficient." The companies of the
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1518:, (Detachment, 15 men): Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Brown, Second Lieutenant Alonzo V. Richards
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establishing a fort near the Bozeman trail. All three columns were to unite at the new fort.
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1481:, (Companies E and K, 127-130 men): Captain Levi G. Marshall, Captain Jacob L. Humphreyville
930:. There, the two Colonels decided to turn back around and retrace their steps south up the
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66:
32:
525:. After the battle, the Indians broke up into small groups and dispersed for their summer
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The Powder River in southeastern Montana where Cole's and Walker's columns passed in 1865.
8:
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938:. They continued to harass Cole and Walker as the soldiers moved south up Powder River.
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of Cheyenne people on November 29, 1864 intensified Indian reprisals and raids in the
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country, remote from white settlements and confirmed as Indian territory in the 1851
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on August 1, 1865, to unite with Cole's and Walker's columns. One of his guides was
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1629:, (Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, and M, 311 men): Colonel Oliver Wells
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505:) After the raids, several thousand Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho congregated in the
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on August 6, 1865, and met up with Cole's Expedition on August 19, 1865, near the
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1980:
1779:
955:
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Journeys to the Land of Gold: Emigrant Diaries from the Bozeman Trail, 1863-1866
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2005:
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1549:(Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K and L, ~550 men): Lieutenant Colonel
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195 Civilian Wagon Train Employees: Chief Wagon Train Master Robert Wheeling
1244:
James P. Earickson, Headquarters, 16th Kansas Cavalry (Died at Fort Connor).
1683:
1493:
1463:, (Companies L and M, 105 men): Captain George Conrad, Captain Albert Brown
1235:
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913:. In the early morning, over 300 Hunkpapa, Sans Arc, and Miniconjou Lakota
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Fort Laramie was Connor's and Walker's starting point for the expedition.
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735:. The next day, August 29, Connor attacked the village, whose leader was
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1839:
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wytttp/history/countant/chapter36.htm
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28:
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Mountain Howitzer Section, (2 Cannon), manned by men from Company H,
783:
716:
Jim Bridger was a guide for Connor during his Powder River Expedition
188:
1469:, (4 Companies including Company F, ~200 men): Colonel James H. Kidd
1378:
Joseph Willard Brown, U.S. Signal Corps, Department of the Missouri.
1001:
2115:
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in which the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho would emerge victorious.
459:
82:
1512:
Mountain Howitzer Section, (2 Cannon): Captain Nicholas J. O'Brien
1396:
Alonzo V. Richards, U.S. Signal Corps, Department of the Missouri.
477:. Although soldiers destroyed one Arapaho village and established
1851:
http://rootswebancestry.com/~wyttp/history/countant/chapter34.htm
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1451:
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William H. Tubbs, Acting Commissary of Subsistence, Headquarters.
653:. Connor's column proceeded northward, and in August established
463:
74:
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40:
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and his brother, Charles Bent, of the Cheyenne negotiated with
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1100:
George Washington Corey, Headquarters, 12th Missouri Cavalry.
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526:
332:
123:
1638:, (Detachment, 7 men): Second Lieutenant Frederick J. Amsden
1124:
William C. F. Montgomery, Battery H, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1899:
http://www.enotes.com/topic/Tongue_River_(Montana)?print=1
1094:
Clemenz Landgraeber, Headquarters, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1384:
Gavin Mitchell, Company A, Omaha/Winnebago Indian Scouts.
296:
1366:
Michael Evans, Company A, Omaha/Winnebago Indian Scouts.
1348:
Edwin R. Nash, Company A, Omaha/Winnebago Indian Scouts.
1024:
C. J. Laurant, Assistant Adjutant General, Headquarters.
1181:
William T. Shaver, Headquarters, 12th Missouri Cavalry.
2069:
1390:
James Murie, Company A, Omaha/Winnebago Indian Scouts.
1154:
Charles H. Springer, Company B, 12th Missouri Cavalry.
1136:
Charles H. Thurber, Battery L, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
450:, was a large and far-flung military operation of the
1336:
Jacob L. Humphreyville, Company K, 11th Ohio Cavalry.
1238:
Clarkson Reynolds, Headquarters, 16th Kansas Cavalry.
1203:
Abram S. Hoagland, Battery K, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1142:
Napoleon Boardman, Battery M, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1130:
Edward S. Rowland, Battery K, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1030:
Samuel Robbins, Chief Engineer, 1st Colorado Cavalry.
802:
reported that at this time that the Cheyenne warrior
1118:
Jefferson Miller, Battery E, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1036:
Henry E. Palmer, Quartermaster, 11th Kansas Cavalry.
901:, were encamped on Alkali Creek, a tributary of the
1543:(Company H, ~50 men): Second Lieutenant Edward Gill
1209:
James A. Ferren, Battery K, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1187:
Hiram L. Kelly, Battery A, 2nd Missouri Artillery (
1148:
John H. Kendall, Battery L, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1475:, (Company F, 88 men): Captain Nicholas J. O'Brien
1372:Charles A. Small, Company A, Pawnee Indian Scouts.
1299:James H. Kidd, Headquarters, 6th Michigan Cavalry.
1078:Oliver Wells, Headquarters, 12th Missouri Cavalry.
825:
1962:
1960:
1811:Hampton, H.D. "The Powder River Expedition 1865"
1354:Nicholas J. O'Brien, Company F, 7th Iowa Cavalry.
1330:George Conrad, Company L, 2nd California Cavalry.
1286:Francis E. Smith, Company H, 15th Kansas Cavalry.
1197:Philip Smiley, Battery H, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1160:William Rinne, Battery C, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1002:Officers accompanying the Powder River Expedition
2297:
1320:Osmer F. Cole, Company G, 6th Michigan Cavalry (
1314:Albert Brown, Company M, 2nd California Cavalry.
1274:Charles Balance, Company F, 16th Kansas Cavalry.
1262:James L. Walker, Company D, 16th Kansas Cavalry.
1250:Oscar F. Dunlap, Company H, 15th Kansas Cavalry.
1175:George R. Thorne, Acting Assistant Quartermaster
1169:, U.S. Signal Corps, Department of the Missouri.
1112:Samuel Flagg, Battery B, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
762:
1586:2nd Missouri Volunteer Light Artillery Regiment
1342:Levi G. Marshall, Company E, 11th Ohio Cavalry.
1268:Wesley T. Smith, Company H, 16th Kansas Cavalry
1106:McMurray, Headquarters, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1957:
2055:
2009:Life of George Bent: Written from his Letters
1978:
1878:
1876:
720:
348:
266:
1979:Wagner, David E.; Bennett, Lyman G. (2009).
1360:John S. Brewer, Company F, 7th Iowa Cavalry.
1280:Edward Gill, Company H, 15th Kansas Cavalry.
847:upstream and then marched across country to
1954:Grinnell, pp. 208-209;McDermott, p. 124-127
1256:R. M. Fisk, Company H, 15th Kansas Cavalry.
777:, Companies C, and D, under the command of
425:This event should not be confused with the
280:
2062:
2048:
1974:
1972:
1873:
1833:Hampton, p. 8; Countant, Charles Griffin,
830:
355:
341:
273:
259:
245:18 captured (including women and children)
2287:Timeline of pre-statehood Montana history
1461:2nd California Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
626:. Procuring supplies was also a problem.
1813:Montana: The Magazine of Western History
1802:, Vol 30, No. 4 (Autumn 1980), pp. 32-34
1800:Montana: The Magazine of Western History
1627:12th Missouri Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
960:
886:
707:
689:
680:
560:
531:
1969:
1921:Circle of Fire: The Indian War of 1865.
1467:6th Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
1088:, Chief Engineer, 4th Arkansas Cavalry.
1072:, Headquarters, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
616:6th Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
569:often visited and camped near the Fort.
2298:
1547:16th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
1541:15th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
1500:Scouts (84 men): Captain Edwin R. Nash
873:16th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
750:
629:
2043:
660:
336:
254:
16:US operation against American Indians
1888:Norman: U of OK Press, 1915, pp. 177
1479:11th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
1232:, Headquarters, 16th Kansas Cavalry.
2024:Lincoln: U of NE Press, 1962, p. 15
1815:, Vol.14, No. 4 (Autumn 1964), p. r
1473:7th Iowa Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
859:and his 600 Kansas Cavalrymen left
536:Brigadier General Patrick E. Connor
13:
2070:Native American battles in Montana
2011:Norman: U of OK press, pp. 240-241
1409:
1308:, Company A, Pawnee Indian Scouts.
975:wounded, and 18 Arapaho captured.
14:
2382:
2326:Wyoming in the American Civil War
1939:
1213:
810:
2316:Pre-statehood history of Wyoming
790:of the Cheyenne, accompanied by
177:
166:
155:
144:
112:
39:
2027:
2014:
1999:
1948:
1933:
1919:McDermott, John Dishon (2003).
1913:
1904:
1060:
1006:
826:Cole's and Walker's expeditions
1891:
1864:
1855:
1844:
1827:
1818:
1805:
1792:
1405:, Company F, 7th Iowa Cavalry.
1290:
481:to protect gold miners on the
362:
1:
1785:
985:16th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
969:
763:The Battle of Bone Pile Creek
488:
978:
665:On August 13, 1865, Captain
7:
1768:
893:Powder River Battles (1865)
800:5th U.S. Volunteer Infantry
775:5th U.S. Volunteer Infantry
757:5th U.S. Volunteer Infantry
657:on the upper Powder River.
10:
2387:
1923:Stackpole Books. pp. 112.
1636:United States Signal Corps
1516:United States Signal Corps
890:
814:
766:
727:Battle of the Tongue River
724:
721:The Battle of Tongue River
693:
442:of 1865 also known as the
2351:1865 in Wyoming Territory
2346:1865 in Montana Territory
2336:1865 in the United States
2284:
2257:
2126:
2075:
1670:
1664:
1443:
1434:Powder River Expedition,
1432:
1052:to Connor, Headquarters (
769:Battle of Bone Pile Creek
685:Four of the Pawnee Scouts
593:, was to head north from
372:
292:
230:
210:
137:
105:
57:July 1 to October 4, 1865
49:
38:
26:
21:
1897:"Powder River (Montana)
954:on Powder River east of
556:United States Volunteers
2341:1865 in Idaho Territory
1563:: Second Lt Edward Gill
1525:Central, Middle Column
899:Powder River Expedition
831:The two columns set out
676:Powder River Expedition
519:Battle of Platte Bridge
440:Powder River Expedition
392:Powder River Expedition
284:Powder River Expedition
22:Powder River Expedition
2022:The Fetterman Massacre
1985:. Arthur H. Clark Co.
1886:The Fighting Cheyennes
1570:Right, Eastern Column
966:
936:Custer County, Montana
928:Custer County, Montana
911:Custer County, Montana
717:
686:
570:
537:
511:Treaty of Fort Laramie
402:Yellowstone Expedition
138:Commanders and leaders
2366:September 1865 events
1901:, accessed 9 Aug 2012
1883:Grinnell, George Bird
1841:, accessed 6 Aug 2012
1447:Left, Western Column
1439:Patrick Edward Connor
1428:Regiments and Others
964:
887:March on Powder River
711:
696:Powder River Massacre
690:Powder River Massacre
684:
564:
535:
448:Powder River Invasion
307:Powder River Massacre
231:Casualties and losses
2274:Swan Valley massacre
1620:, 797 men): Colonel
577:, was to march from
322:Powder River Battles
67:Powder River Country
33:American Indian Wars
2371:October 1865 events
2159:Second Powder River
1561:16th Kansas Cavalry
1557:15th Kansas Cavalry
1167:Frederick J. Amsden
751:Sawyers' expedition
630:Connor's expedition
503:Battle of Julesburg
495:Sand Creek massacre
427:Big Horn Expedition
2361:August 1865 events
2207:Little Muddy Creek
2135:First Powder River
1835:History of Wyoming
1530:Lieutenant Colonel
1487:(95 men): Captain
1415:United States Army
1227:Lieutenant Colonel
967:
796:Lieutenant Colonel
786:of the Sioux, and
718:
687:
661:Crazy Woman's Fork
634:Brigadier General
612:American Civil War
571:
544:Grenville M. Dodge
538:
452:United States Army
382:Dakota War of 1862
297:Crazy Woman's Fork
2311:Montana Territory
2306:Conflicts in 1865
2293:
2292:
2175:Prairie Dog Creek
1992:978-0-87062-370-7
1929:978-0-8117-0061-0
1837:, Chapter xxxvi,
1766:
1765:
1654:Native Americans
1644:
1643:
1506:Civilian Guides:
1436:Brigadier General
1403:Eugene Fitch Ware
1400:Second Lieutenant
1394:Second Lieutenant
1388:Second Lieutenant
1382:Second Lieutenant
1376:Second Lieutenant
1284:Second Lieutenant
1278:Second Lieutenant
1272:Second Lieutenant
1223:Brigadier General
1207:Second Lieutenant
1201:Second Lieutenant
1195:Second Lieutenant
1189:Wounded in action
1185:Second Lieutenant
1179:Second Lieutenant
1173:Second Lieutenant
1164:Second Lieutenant
1054:Wounded in action
1046:Second Lieutenant
1016:Patrick E. Connor
1013:Brigadier General
924:Patrick E. Connor
909:, in present-day
907:Montana Territory
881:Montana Territory
636:Patrick E. Connor
551:Patrick E. Connor
548:Brigadier General
471:Montana Territory
420:
419:
330:
329:
249:
248:
151:Patrick E. Connor
101:
100:
2378:
2356:July 1865 events
2277:
2269:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2084:Powder River War
2064:
2057:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1976:
1967:
1964:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1861:Hampton, pp. 8-9
1859:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1736:Black Whetstone
1667:Native Americans
1651:
1650:
1647:Native Americans
1419:
1418:
1370:First Lieutenant
1364:First Lieutenant
1358:First Lieutenant
1322:Killed in action
1266:First Lieutenant
1260:First Lieutenant
1254:First Lieutenant
1158:First Lieutenant
1152:First Lieutenant
1146:First Lieutenant
1086:Lyman G. Bennett
865:Dakota Territory
644:Dakota Territory
585:westward to the
475:Dakota Territory
444:Powder River War
367:
357:
350:
343:
334:
333:
287:
285:
275:
268:
261:
252:
251:
182:
181:
171:
170:
160:
159:
149:
148:
117:
116:
51:
50:
43:
19:
18:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2331:Idaho Territory
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2280:
2272:
2266:Marias Massacre
2264:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2151:Honsinger Bluff
2149:
2141:
2133:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2100:Great Sioux War
2098:
2092:Red Cloud's War
2090:
2082:
2071:
2068:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2015:
2006:Hyde, George E.
2004:
2000:
1993:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1780:Black Hills War
1775:Red Cloud's War
1771:
1748:
1699:
1676:
1669:
1572:
1559:and Company M,
1527:
1449:
1442:
1412:
1410:Order of battle
1293:
1216:
1063:
1009:
1004:
996:Red Cloud's War
981:
972:
956:Kaycee, Wyoming
895:
889:
841:Omaha, Nebraska
833:
828:
819:
813:
771:
765:
753:
729:
723:
698:
692:
663:
632:
620:Western Theater
581:and follow the
579:Omaha, Nebraska
491:
431:Black Hills War
421:
416:
412:Ghost Dance War
407:Great Sioux War
397:Red Cloud's War
377:First Sioux War
368:
363:
361:
331:
326:
302:Bone Pile Creek
288:
283:
281:
279:
244:
242:
237:
226:~2,000 warriors
222:
217:
203:
199:
195:
191:
176:
175:
165:
164:
154:
153:
143:
130:
126:
111:
89:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2384:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2183:Little Bighorn
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2033:Hampton, p. 14
2026:
2013:
1998:
1991:
1968:
1966:Hampton, p. 10
1956:
1947:
1940:Doyle, Susan.
1932:
1912:
1910:Hampton, p. 13
1903:
1890:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1843:
1826:
1817:
1804:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1622:Nelson D. Cole
1581:
1578:Nelson D. Cole
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1553:
1544:
1536:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1491:
1489:Frank J. North
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1456:
1454:James H. Kidd
1445:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1215:
1214:Central Column
1212:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1079:
1073:
1070:Nelson D. Cole
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1048:Oscar Jewett,
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
980:
977:
971:
968:
905:. This was in
891:Main article:
888:
885:
837:Nelson D. Cole
832:
829:
827:
824:
815:Main article:
812:
811:Sawyers' fight
809:
767:Main article:
764:
761:
752:
749:
725:Main article:
722:
719:
694:Main article:
691:
688:
667:Frank J. North
662:
659:
631:
628:
575:Nelson D. Cole
567:Plains Indians
490:
487:
436:
435:
418:
417:
415:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
373:
370:
369:
360:
359:
352:
345:
337:
328:
327:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
290:
289:
278:
277:
270:
263:
255:
247:
246:
239:
233:
232:
228:
227:
224:
216:2,300 soldiers
213:
212:
208:
207:
186:
162:Nelson D. Cole
140:
139:
135:
134:
121:
108:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2383:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2288:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2247:Pumpkin Creek
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:Wolf Mountain
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2108:Nez Perce War
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1907:
1900:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1867:
1858:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1824:Hampton, p. 7
1821:
1814:
1808:
1801:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1724:Yellow Woman
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:, (Batteries
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1551:Samuel Walker
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1533:Samuel Walker
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:Pawnee Scouts
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1441:, commanding.
1440:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:Samuel Walker
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1018:, Commanding.
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
999:
997:
993:
988:
986:
976:
963:
959:
957:
953:
947:
945:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
919:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:Samuel Walker
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
823:
818:
817:Sawyers Fight
808:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
770:
760:
758:
748:
746:
745:Bighorn River
742:
738:
734:
728:
715:
710:
706:
704:
697:
683:
679:
677:
672:
671:Pawnee Scouts
668:
658:
656:
652:
649:
645:
641:
637:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
607:
605:
599:
596:
592:
591:Samuel Walker
588:
584:
580:
576:
568:
563:
559:
557:
552:
549:
545:
542:
541:Major General
534:
530:
528:
524:
523:Oregon Trails
520:
514:
512:
508:
504:
501:valley. (See
500:
496:
486:
484:
483:Bozeman Trail
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
434:
432:
428:
423:
422:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
371:
366:
358:
353:
351:
346:
344:
339:
338:
335:
323:
320:
318:
317:Sawyers Fight
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
291:
286:
276:
271:
269:
264:
262:
257:
256:
253:
241:68-96+ killed
240:
235:
234:
229:
225:
223:195 civilians
221:
220:Indian scouts
215:
214:
209:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
185:
180:
174:
173:Samuel Walker
169:
163:
158:
152:
147:
142:
141:
136:
133:
129:
125:
122:
120:
119:United States
115:
110:
109:
104:
96:
93:
92:
88:
87:United States
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2239:Mizpah Creek
2223:Canyon Creek
2083:
2029:
2021:
2020:Brown, Dee.
2016:
2008:
2001:
1981:
1950:
1941:
1935:
1920:
1915:
1906:
1893:
1885:
1870:Hampton, p.6
1866:
1857:
1846:
1834:
1829:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1760:Medicine Man
1747:
1721:Charlie Bent
1698:
1684:Sitting Bull
1675:
1665:
1646:
1645:
1571:
1526:
1448:
1433:
1414:
1413:
1061:Right Column
1050:Aide-de-camp
1007:Headquarters
989:
982:
973:
948:
940:
932:Powder River
920:
903:Powder River
896:
877:Powder River
861:Fort Laramie
834:
820:
772:
754:
733:Tongue River
730:
714:mountain man
699:
664:
648:mountain man
640:Fort Laramie
633:
624:Great Plains
608:
600:
595:Fort Laramie
572:
539:
515:
507:Powder River
499:Platte River
492:
456:Lakota Sioux
454:against the
447:
443:
439:
437:
424:
391:
387:Colorado War
312:Tongue River
282:
193:Sitting Bull
106:Belligerents
79:South Dakota
27:Part of the
2191:Cedar Creek
2102:(1876–1877)
2094:(1866–1868)
1717:George Bent
1712:Little Wolf
1689:Crazy Horse
1508:Jim Bridger
1306:Frank North
1291:Left Column
992:George Bent
952:Fort Connor
869:Black Hills
853:Black Hills
804:George Bent
792:George Bent
703:George Bent
655:Fort Connor
651:Jim Bridger
587:Black Hills
479:Fort Connor
429:during the
243:14+ wounded
205:George Bent
201:Little Wolf
184:Frank North
2321:Sioux Wars
2300:Categories
1786:References
1756:Black Bear
1707:Roman Nose
1084:(retired)
970:Casualties
944:Roman Nose
849:Bear Butte
845:Loup River
788:Dull Knife
737:Black Bear
583:Loup River
489:Background
365:Sioux Wars
238:19 wounded
197:Roman Nose
29:Sioux Wars
2258:Massacres
1730:Red Bull
1697:Cheyenne
1498:Winnebago
1422:Division
979:Aftermath
784:Red Cloud
604:John Pope
236:31 killed
189:Red Cloud
97:Stalemate
2231:Bear Paw
2215:Big Hole
2143:Hayfield
2116:Crow War
1769:See also
1746:Arapaho
1660:Leaders
835:Colonel
822:forces.
460:Cheyenne
211:Strength
128:Cheyenne
83:Nebraska
62:Location
2167:Rosebud
2127:Battles
1575:Colonel
1452:Colonel
1425:Column
1352:Captain
1346:Captain
1340:Captain
1334:Captain
1328:Captain
1318:Captain
1312:Captain
1303:Captain
1297:Colonel
1248:Captain
1242:Surgeon
1140:Captain
1134:Captain
1128:Captain
1122:Captain
1116:Captain
1110:Captain
1104:Captain
1098:Surgeon
1076:Colonel
1067:Colonel
1040:Captain
1034:Captain
1028:Captain
1022:Captain
851:in the
779:Captain
743:on the
669:of the
527:buffalo
467:Indians
464:Arapaho
132:Arapaho
75:Wyoming
71:Montana
2276:(1908)
2268:(1870)
2249:(1880)
2241:(1879)
2233:(1877)
2225:(1877)
2217:(1877)
2209:(1877)
2201:(1877)
2193:(1876)
2185:(1876)
2177:(1876)
2169:(1876)
2161:(1876)
2153:(1873)
2145:(1867)
2137:(1865)
2118:(1887)
2110:(1877)
2086:(1865)
1989:
1927:
1674:Sioux
1657:Tribe
1616:, and
1220:Brevet
462:, and
94:Result
81:, and
1494:Omaha
1236:Major
1092:Major
1082:Major
915:Sioux
839:left
124:Sioux
2076:Wars
1987:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1496:and
741:Crow
712:The
493:The
473:and
438:The
218:179
54:Date
879:in
469:in
446:or
2302::
1971:^
1959:^
1875:^
1612:,
1608:,
1604:,
1600:,
1596:,
1592:,
1324:).
1225:,
1191:).
1056:).
863:,
678:.
642:,
558:.
513:.
458:,
85:,
77:,
73:,
69:,
31:,
2063:e
2056:t
2049:v
1995:.
1944:.
1738:†
1732:†
1726:†
1618:M
1614:L
1610:K
1606:H
1602:E
1598:D
1594:C
1590:B
433:.
356:e
349:t
342:v
274:e
267:t
260:v
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