529:
2539:
51:
252:, (also known as the anterior horn of spinal cord and anterior cornu) is broad and of a rounded or quadrangular shape. Its posterior part is termed the base, and its anterior part the head, but these are not differentiated from each other by any well-defined constriction. It is separated from the surface of the spinal cord by a layer of white substance which is traversed by the bundles of the anterior nerve roots. In the thoracic region, the posterolateral part of the anterior column projects laterally as a triangular field, which is named the
234:
857:
716:
413:
1824:
Terao S, Sobue G, Hashizume Y, Mitsuma T, Takahashi A (Feb 1994). "Disease-specific patterns of neuronal loss in the spinal ventral horn in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy and X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy, with special reference to the loss of small neurons in
609:
and has the highest density of neurons. These neurons mediate the activity of nociceptive and temperature afferent fibers. It is almost entirely made up of interneurons which can be further divided by their morphology. The four main morphological classes, based on the shape of their dendritic
659:
This lamina is also known as the neck of the posterior column and receives information from mechanoreceptors and danger information from nociceptors. It has different neurons in different regions. In the medial region it contains medium-sized triangular neurons and the lateral region contains
2559:
493:
that sense nociception, temperature, and itching, laminae III and IV are sent information from neurons that sense mechanical pressure, and laminae V and VI are sent information from proprioceptors. It is known to be the primary relay point for
505:
The column can also be separated by nociceptive and non-nociceptive senses. Laminae I and II are important in nociception, laminae III and IV are not involved nociception, and lamina V is involved in both nociception and non-nociception.
650:
terminate in these layers. The layers receive input from lamina II and also control pain, temperature, and crude touch. C fibers that control nociception and temperature and sensory information from mechanoreceptors are relayed here.
911:
Terao S, Sobue G, Hashizume Y, Li M, Inagaki T, Mitsuma T (Aug 1996). "Age-related changes in human spinal ventral horn cells with special reference to the loss of small neurons in the intermediate zone: a quantitative analysis".
768:. The afferent neurons are either A fibers or C fibers. A fibers are myelinated allowing for faster signal conduction. Among these there are A beta fibers which are faster and carry information about non-painful touch and
795:
Sensory nociceptive signals provide information about what kind of stimulus (heat, mechanical, etc.) is affecting the body and also indicates where on the body the stimulus is. Sensory nociceptive neurons have a small
759:
carries sensory information to the second order neuron in the dorsal horn. The axon of the second order neuron, if it is a projection neuron and not an interneuron, then goes to the third order neuron in the
1868:
Terao S, Sobue G, Li M, Hashizume Y, Tanaka F, Mitsuma T (Jan 1997). "The lateral corticospinal tract and spinal ventral horn in X-linked recessive spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: a quantitative study".
726:
has also been shown to have an effect on neurons of the anterior column. A large loss of large alpha motor neurons, medium gamma motor neurons, and small neurons was recorded in cases of muscular atrophy.
700:. The lateral column is only present in the thoracic region and upper lumbar segments. The lateral grey column contains preganglionic cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system and sensory relay neurons.
812:
and tell the body to react to the danger stimulus (i.e. removing a hand from a hot stove). These neurons have larger receptive fields because the emotional reaction to most pain stimuli is similar.
772:
which are slower and thinner than the A beta fibers. The C fibers are not myelinated and therefore slower. C fibers that carry nociceptive signals can be divided into two types: fibers that contain
712:(ALS). The number of large alpha motor neurons and medium gamma motor neurons was greatly reduced and the number of small neurons was either slightly or greatly reduced depending on the type of ALS.
585:. It projects to other parts of the brainstem. The nuclei of the thalamus affect sensory and motivational aspects of pain. The neurons of this lamina can be distinguished by their morphology as
304:
input. They have been shown to reduce in population, but not in size with age. Damage to these cell bodies can lead to severe muscle weakness and loss of reflexes, and is also associated with
545:. The majority of posterior column projection neurons are located in lamina I, however most neurons in this layer are interneurons. The main areas these neurons innervate are the
610:
structure, are islet, central, vertical, and radial cells. The interneurons can also be divided by their function: excitatory or inhibitory. The excitatory interneurons release
324:
to stretch. They have smaller cell bodies than alpha motor neurons and do not receive proprioceptive input. They have been shown to reduce in numbers but not size with age.
1184:
Woolsey, Robert M.; Vernon W. Lin; Cardenas, Diana D.; Cutter, Nancy C.; Frederick S. Frost; Margaret C. Hammond; Laurie B. Lindblom; Inder
Perkash; Robert Waters (2002).
780:, and fibers that do not contain neuropeptides. The two types terminate in very different areas. Non-peptidergic C fibers are linked to the skin, where they innervate the
1286:
Gauriau, Caroline; Bernard, Jean-François (2004). "A comparative reappraisal of projections from the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn in the rat: The forebrain".
182:
The posterior grey column receives several types of sensory information regarding touch and sensation from receptors in the skin, bones, and joints, including
112:
1080:
Van Den Berg-Vos, RM; Van Den Berg, LH; Visser, J; de Visser, M; Franssen, H; Wokke, JH (November 2003). "The spectrum of lower motor neuron syndromes".
525:
and non-nociceptive signals. Dysfunction of the dorsal horn circuitry has been implicated in chronic pain conditions and other neurological disorders.
486:
and non-nociceptive signals. Dysfunction of the dorsal horn circuitry has been implicated in chronic pain conditions and other neurological disorders..
646:
and contain a much smaller density of neurons than lamina II. There are projection neurons scattered throughout these layers. Mechanosensitive
88:
17:
521:. The dorsal horn circuitry is involved in various aspects of sensory processing, including discrimination, integration, and modulation of
482:. The dorsal horn circuitry is involved in various aspects of sensory processing, including discrimination, integration, and modulation of
2202:
744:(MSA), has also been linked to the lateral grey column. MSA has been shown to reduce the cell count in the lateral column by over 50%.
2245:
831:
1439:"The caudal medullary ventrolateral reticular formation in nociceptive-cardiovascular integration. An experimental study in the rat"
1635:"Posterior triangular thalamic neurons convey nociceptive messages to the secondary somatosensory and insular cortices in the rat"
2509:
2494:
2016:
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messages. The posterior horn is also known as a partially layered structure because only laminae I and II are well defined.
2514:
836:
2434:
2391:
2499:
357:
1741:
1064:
1039:
353:
1684:
Han ZS, Zhang ET, Craig AD (Jul 1998). "Nociceptive and thermoreceptive lamina I neurons are anatomically distinct".
1193:
337:
333:
581:
and is involved in the emotional response to pain. The PAG develops ways to deal with pain and is a main target of
2108:
606:
438:
1759:"Correlations between neuronal morphology and electrophysiological features in the rodent superficial dorsal horn"
2113:
2103:
1964:
Price, Donald (Oct 2002). "Central neural mechanisms that interrelate sensory and affective dimensions of pain".
542:
432:
1137:"Parcellation of Cblns 1, 2, and 4 among different subpopulations of dorsal horn neurons in mouse spinal cord"
212:
The lateral grey column is only present in the thoracic region and upper lumbar segments (T1-L2). It contains
2283:
709:
550:
349:
332:
The physiology of the small neurons in the anterior column is not well understood. Their effects can be both
107:
276:
and in their patterns of connectivity. They are organized in the same manner as the muscles they innervate.
2419:
2300:
2278:
1488:"The nucleus of the solitary tract: an integrating station for nociceptive and cardiorespiratory afferents"
1334:"Organization of intralaminar and translaminar neuronal connectivity in the superficial spinal dorsal horn"
554:
546:
361:
2369:
2295:
866:
340:. They are suspected to be interneurons and have been shown to reduce in size but not numbers with age.
2529:
2444:
2146:
689:
558:
1332:
Kato G, Kawasaki Y, Koga K, Uta D, Kosugi M, Yasaka T, Yoshimura M, Ji RR, Strassman AM (April 2009).
424:, also known as the posterior (or dorsal) horn of spinal cord, is subdivided into six layers known as
183:
2471:
2386:
2141:
2009:
510:
471:
365:
273:
317:
289:
217:
55:
Cross section of the spinal cord. The three grey columns make up the butterfly-shaped shaded region
2396:
1183:
741:
528:
293:
213:
764:. The thalamus is known as the "gateway to the cortex". The third order neuron then goes to the
509:
The function of the spinal dorsal horn is to process and integrate sensory information from the
470:
The function of the spinal dorsal horn is to process and integrate sensory information from the
119:
95:
83:
2429:
2376:
2273:
2095:
841:
514:
475:
199:
153:
1211:"Insights Into Spinal Dorsal Horn Circuit Function and Dysfunction Using Optical Approaches"
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2002:
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8:
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2133:
401:
397:
265:
261:
253:
195:
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2538:
977:
962:"Gamma and alpha motor neurons distinguished by expression of transcription factor Err3"
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regions of the spinal cord. It receives afferent input from muscle fibers and joints.
2449:
2439:
2381:
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2312:
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2174:
1981:
1935:
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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1315:
941:
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1973:
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981:
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Friese A, Kaltschmidt JA, Ladle DR, Sigrist M, Jessell TM, Arber S (Aug 11, 2009).
921:
781:
723:
643:
615:
586:
490:
456:
444:
1270:
Organization in the Spinal Cord: The
Anatomy and Physiology of Identified Neurones
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2054:
1774:
797:
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while peptidergic C fibers innervate other tissues and deeper parts of the skin.
765:
450:
393:
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321:
206:
176:
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966:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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2118:
2069:
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1227:
862:
809:
773:
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425:
385:
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100:
1586:"Descending control of nociception: Specificity, recruitment and plasticity"
986:
2221:
2059:
1985:
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1513:
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There are two main types of nociceptive signals: sensory and affective.
125:
1977:
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1553:
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1487:
1455:
1438:
1115:
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Affective nociceptive signals affect emotions. These signals go to the
693:
582:
1299:
1152:
887:
Henry Gray; Susan
Standring; Harold Ellis; B. K. B. Berkovitz (2005),
611:
1405:
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and modulatory systems, and it projects to higher brain centers and
478:
and modulatory systems, and it projects to higher brain centers and
2064:
1120:
761:
627:
626:
as their main neurotransmitter. The neurons of this layer are only
574:
569:
responses. The NTS receives cardio-respiratory inputs and affects
562:
428:, based on the type of sensory information sent to each section.
1209:
Harding, Erika K.; Fung, Samuel Wanchi; Bonin, Robert P. (2020).
708:
Neurons in the anterior column have been shown to be affected by
623:
348:
It is these cells that are affected in the following diseases, –
160:, all of which are visible in cross-section of the spinal cord.
1697:
755:, it is the first central relay in the nociceptive pathway. The
673:
631:
1994:
256:. It comprises three different types of neurons, two types of
1285:
959:
396:) reduces spasms by innervation (reducing nerve activity) of
71:
1057:
Fundamental
Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications
1390:"Neuronal circuitry for pain processing in the dorsal horn"
619:
522:
483:
1914:"Tackling pain at the source: new ideas about nociceptors"
1823:
1583:
1436:
715:
412:
305:
1584:
Heinricher MM, Tavares I, Leith JL, Lumb BM (Apr 2009).
140:
are three regions of the somewhat ridge-shaped mass of
2527:
1867:
1632:
1534:
910:
688:, or the lateral horn of spinal cord, is part of the
1911:
1537:"Pain pathways and parabrachial circuits in the rat"
1485:
463:
The other four laminae are located in the other two
1331:
800:to help pinpoint the exact location of a stimulus.
573:from noxious stimulation. The LPb projects to the
27:
Three columns of grey matter within the spinal cord
1027:
1437:Lima D, Albino-Teixeira A, Tavares I (Mar 2002).
2551:
1813:. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
1756:
1626:
1208:
1177:
384:The anterior grey column is the target for some
1134:
148:. These regions present as three columns: the
2010:
1861:
1683:
1486:Boscan P, Pickering AE, Paton JF (Mar 2002).
1186:Spinal Cord Medicine: Principles and Practice
207:sensory ganglia (a.k.a. dorsal root ganglia)
1804:
1802:
1528:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1327:
1325:
2017:
2003:
1912:Snider, W. D.; McMahon, S. B. (Apr 1998).
1727:
1725:
1723:
1577:
1281:
1279:
489:Laminae I and II receive information from
300:. They have large cell bodies and receive
205:(whose cell bodies are located within the
2246:Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway
1929:
1817:
1782:
1757:Grudt, T. J.; Perl, E. R. (Apr 1, 2002).
1660:
1650:
1609:
1552:
1503:
1454:
1413:
1357:
1244:
1226:
1160:
995:
985:
832:Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway
1959:
1957:
1808:
1799:
1633:Gauriau, C.; Bernard, J. F. (Jan 2004).
1374:
1322:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
955:
953:
951:
714:
703:
527:
411:
407:
232:
1731:
1720:
1535:Gauriau, C; Bernard, J. F. (Mar 2002).
1276:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
228:
163:The anterior grey column is made up of
14:
2552:
1905:
1479:
1054:
1025:
861:This article incorporates text in the
679:
311:
279:
1998:
1963:
1954:
1750:
1267:
1261:
1048:
1034:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1012:
948:
637:
416:Spinal nerve forming from grey column
272:. These neurons differ in both their
30:Not to be confused with the historic
1430:
1387:
1288:The Journal of Comparative Neurology
1128:
895:
837:Posterior horn of lateral ventricles
642:These laminae are also known as the
618:and the inhibitory interneurons use
565:. The CVLM receives nociceptive and
1677:
719:Cross-sectional view of spinal cord
241:in the anterior grey column of the
24:
1135:Cagle, MC; Honig, MG (July 2013).
1073:
561:(PAG), and certain regions in the
354:spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
268:, and small neurons thought to be
171:, and small neurons thought to be
25:
2576:
1602:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.12.009
668:This lamina is only found in the
660:medium-sized multipolar neurons.
459:, the base of the posterior horn.
453:, the neck of the posterior horn
194:. It contains the cell bodies of
2537:
2109:Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
1141:Journal of Comparative Neurology
855:
607:substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
605:This layer is also known as the
439:Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
327:
320:that control the sensitivity of
49:
2024:
1202:
543:marginal nucleus of spinal cord
433:Marginal nucleus of spinal cord
1652:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3272-03.2004
1350:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6175-08.2009
1108:
880:
541:Lamina I is also known as the
316:Gamma motor neurons innervate
13:
1:
1931:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81003-x
850:
710:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
551:nucleus of the solitary tract
392:release here, (as induced by
350:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
18:Posterior horn of spinal cord
2203:Central gelatinous substance
1775:10.1113/jphysiol.2001.012890
1215:Frontiers in Neural Circuits
1188:. Demos Medical Publishing.
803:
751:has a prominent role in the
663:
600:
547:caudal ventrolateral medulla
362:progressive muscular atrophy
223:
198:and their synapses with the
196:second-order sensory neurons
7:
1394:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1338:The Journal of Neuroscience
869:of the 20th edition of
815:
757:first-order afferent neuron
654:
536:
380:Pharmacological interaction
358:Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
220:and sensory relay neurons.
203:first-order sensory neurons
10:
2581:
2147:Posterior thoracic nucleus
1272:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
790:
690:sympathetic nervous system
559:periaqueductal grey matter
513:. It receives inputs from
474:. It receives inputs from
29:
2484:
2472:Anterior white commissure
2464:
2407:
2355:
2348:
2321:
2264:
2236:
2229:
2220:
2190:
2155:
2142:Intermediolateral nucleus
2132:
2094:
2085:
2032:
1763:The Journal of Physiology
1388:Todd, Andrew (Dec 2010).
1094:10.1007/s00415-003-0235-9
1059:. Saunders. p. 138.
555:lateral parabrachial area
511:peripheral nervous system
472:peripheral nervous system
366:spinal muscular atrophies
214:preganglionic cell bodies
118:
106:
94:
82:
70:
65:
60:
48:
43:
1825:the intermediate zone".
1734:The Human Nervous System
1732:Paxinos, George (2004).
1228:10.3389/fncir.2020.00031
692:and receives input from
318:intrafusal muscle fibers
290:extrafusal muscle fibers
284:Alpha motor neurons are
218:autonomic nervous system
2510:Posterior median sulcus
2495:Anterior median fissure
1966:Molecular Interventions
1639:Journal of Neuroscience
1541:Experimental Physiology
1492:Experimental Physiology
1443:Experimental Physiology
987:10.1073/pnas.0906809106
742:Multiple system atrophy
515:primary afferent fibers
476:primary afferent fibers
294:neuromuscular junctions
1590:Brain Research Reviews
1055:Haines, Duane (2012).
1030:Essential Neuroscience
1026:Siegel, Allan (2010).
720:
630:and contain almost no
533:
417:
245:
120:Anatomical terminology
2515:Posterolateral sulcus
2096:Posterior grey column
1883:10.1007/s004010050575
1871:Acta Neuropathologica
1809:Muthayya, NM (2002).
926:10.1007/s004010050497
914:Acta Neuropathologica
842:Type Ia sensory fiber
718:
704:Clinical significance
531:
422:posterior grey column
415:
408:Posterior grey column
400:via interaction with
344:Clinical significance
292:to generate force at
236:
154:posterior grey column
2500:Anterolateral sulcus
2331:Spinoreticular tract
2157:Anterior grey column
2040:Cervical enlargement
1827:Journal of Neurology
1082:Journal of Neurology
467:in the spinal cord.
250:anterior grey column
229:Anterior grey column
150:anterior grey column
2336:Spino-olivary tract
2134:Lateral grey column
1972:(6): 392–403, 339.
1686:Nature Neuroscience
978:2009PNAS..10613588F
972:(32): 13588–13593.
686:lateral grey column
680:Lateral grey column
398:alpha motor neurons
312:Gamma motor neurons
286:lower motor neurons
280:Alpha motor neurons
266:gamma motor neurons
262:alpha motor neurons
254:lateral grey column
169:gamma motor neurons
165:alpha motor neurons
158:lateral grey column
2182:Gamma motor neuron
2170:Alpha motor neuron
2075:Terminal ventricle
2045:Lumbar enlargement
1978:10.1124/mi.2.6.392
1839:10.1007/bf00863768
1736:. Academic Press.
1554:10.1113/eph8702357
1505:10.1113/eph8702353
1456:10.1113/eph8702354
1268:Brown, AG (1981).
827:Gamma motor neuron
721:
638:Laminae III and IV
571:reflex tachycardia
534:
418:
298:muscle contraction
296:at the start of a
258:lower motor neuron
246:
2525:
2524:
2485:External features
2480:
2479:
2460:
2459:
2397:Hypothalamospinal
2344:
2343:
2216:
2215:
1769:(Pt 1): 189–207.
1344:(16): 5088–5099.
1300:10.1002/cne.10873
1153:10.1002/cne.23422
1116:"Cyclobenzaprine"
822:Beta motor neuron
736:Horner's syndrome
447:(laminae III, IV)
175:. It affects the
134:
133:
129:
36:Tuskegee, Alabama
16:(Redirected from
2572:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2353:
2352:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2114:Nucleus proprius
2104:Marginal nucleus
2092:
2091:
2050:Conus medullaris
2033:General features
2019:
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1811:Human Physiology
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749:posterior column
724:Muscular atrophy
644:nucleus proprius
616:neurotransmitter
491:afferent neurons
457:Spinal lamina VI
445:Nucleus proprius
237:The location of
177:skeletal muscles
126:edit on Wikidata
123:
77:columnae griseae
53:
41:
40:
21:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2536:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2476:
2456:
2430:Vestibulospinal
2426:Extrapyramidal
2403:
2340:
2317:
2274:Spinocerebellar
2260:
2212:
2208:Gray commissure
2186:
2151:
2128:
2124:Rexed lamina VI
2081:
2055:Filum terminale
2028:
2023:
1993:
1962:
1955:
1910:
1906:
1866:
1862:
1822:
1818:
1807:
1800:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1730:
1721:
1682:
1678:
1631:
1627:
1582:
1578:
1533:
1529:
1484:
1480:
1435:
1431:
1406:10.1038/nrn2947
1400:(12): 823–836.
1386:
1375:
1330:
1323:
1284:
1277:
1266:
1262:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1182:
1178:
1133:
1129:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1088:(11): 1279–92.
1078:
1074:
1067:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1024:
1013:
958:
949:
909:
896:
885:
881:
856:
853:
847:
818:
806:
798:receptive field
793:
766:cerebral cortex
706:
682:
666:
657:
640:
603:
539:
451:Spinal lamina V
410:
394:cyclobenzaprine
374:West Nile virus
330:
322:muscle spindles
314:
288:that innervate
282:
231:
226:
130:
56:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2578:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2547:
2546:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2435:Reticulospinal
2432:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2416:Corticospinal
2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2392:Reticulospinal
2389:
2384:
2377:Extrapyramidal
2374:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2359:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2308:Posterolateral
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2175:Onuf's nucleus
2167:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2119:Rexed lamina V
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1992:
1991:
1953:
1904:
1860:
1833:(4): 196–203.
1816:
1798:
1749:
1743:978-0125476263
1742:
1719:
1676:
1625:
1596:(1): 214–225.
1576:
1527:
1478:
1429:
1373:
1321:
1275:
1260:
1201:
1194:
1176:
1127:
1107:
1072:
1066:978-1437702941
1065:
1047:
1041:978-0781783835
1040:
1011:
947:
894:
889:Gray's anatomy
878:
872:Gray's Anatomy
852:
849:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
817:
814:
805:
802:
792:
789:
770:A delta fibers
734:can result in
732:lateral column
730:Damage to the
705:
702:
696:, organs, and
681:
678:
665:
662:
656:
653:
639:
636:
614:as their main
602:
599:
567:cardiovascular
538:
535:
461:
460:
454:
448:
442:
436:
409:
406:
390:Norepinephrine
329:
326:
313:
310:
302:proprioceptive
281:
278:
230:
227:
225:
222:
200:pseudounipolar
188:proprioception
132:
131:
122:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
98:
92:
91:
86:
80:
79:
74:
68:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2577:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2365:Corticospinal
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2291:Spinothalamic
2289:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:Rexed laminae
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2070:Central canal
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1924:(4): 629–32.
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1692:(3): 218–25.
1691:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1645:(3): 752–61.
1644:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1498:(2): 259–66.
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1449:(2): 267–74.
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1195:1-888799-61-7
1191:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:(2): 479–97.
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
956:
954:
952:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
920:(2): 109–14.
919:
915:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
891:, p. 255
890:
883:
879:
877:
876:
873:
870:
868:
864:
863:public domain
848:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
813:
811:
810:limbic system
801:
799:
788:
785:
783:
779:
775:
774:neuropeptides
771:
767:
763:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
737:
733:
728:
725:
717:
713:
711:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
677:
675:
671:
661:
652:
649:
648:A beta fibers
645:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
530:
526:
524:
520:
519:motor neurons
516:
512:
507:
503:
501:
497:
492:
487:
485:
481:
480:motor neurons
477:
473:
468:
466:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
430:
429:
427:
426:Rexed laminae
423:
414:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
388:medications.
387:
382:
381:
377:
375:
371:
370:poliomyelitis
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
345:
341:
339:
335:
328:Small neurons
325:
323:
319:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
277:
275:
271:
267:
264:, and medium
263:
259:
255:
251:
244:
240:
239:motor neurons
235:
221:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
127:
121:
117:
114:
111:
109:
105:
102:
99:
97:
93:
90:
87:
85:
81:
78:
75:
73:
69:
64:
59:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2222:White matter
2087:Grey columns
2060:Cauda equina
1969:
1965:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1810:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1733:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1547:(2): 251–8.
1544:
1540:
1530:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1397:
1393:
1341:
1337:
1294:(1): 24–56.
1291:
1287:
1269:
1263:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1185:
1179:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1119:
1110:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1056:
1050:
1029:
969:
965:
917:
913:
888:
882:
874:
860:
854:
846:
807:
794:
786:
752:
748:
746:
740:
731:
729:
722:
707:
698:hypothalamus
685:
683:
667:
658:
641:
604:
579:hypothalamus
549:(CVLM), the
540:
508:
504:
488:
469:
465:grey columns
464:
462:
421:
419:
402:gamma fibers
383:
379:
378:
347:
343:
342:
331:
315:
283:
270:interneurons
249:
247:
211:
181:
173:interneurons
162:
138:grey columns
137:
135:
89:A14.1.02.101
76:
44:Grey columns
34:building in
32:Grey Columns
2565:Spinal cord
2450:Olivospinal
2445:Raphespinal
2440:Tectospinal
2387:Raphespinal
2382:Rubrospinal
2313:Spinotectal
2165:Interneuron
2026:Spinal cord
1698:10.1038/665
778:substance P
753:pain system
557:(LPb), the
553:(NTS), the
523:nociceptive
500:nociceptive
484:nociceptive
441:(lamina II)
386:spasmolytic
243:spinal cord
146:spinal cord
142:grey matter
66:Identifiers
2554:Categories
1877:(1): 1–6.
851:References
694:brain stem
595:multipolar
583:analgesics
435:(lamina I)
338:inhibitory
334:excitatory
274:morphology
184:fine touch
156:, and the
2238:Posterior
1237:1662-5110
804:Affective
782:epidermis
664:Lamina VI
612:glutamate
601:Lamina II
587:pyramidal
224:Structure
192:vibration
2491:Ventral
2420:Anterior
2409:Anterior
2323:Anterior
2301:anterior
2065:Meninges
1986:14993415
1948:18001663
1899:12023369
1855:23011881
1793:11927679
1714:21222047
1706:10195146
1671:14736861
1620:19146877
1571:42574814
1563:11856971
1522:22373004
1514:11856972
1473:13605412
1465:11856973
1424:21068766
1368:19386904
1316:26117604
1308:14648689
1255:32595458
1171:23853053
1121:DrugBank
1102:14648143
1006:19651609
942:19467756
867:page 753
816:See also
762:thalamus
670:cervical
655:Lamina V
628:C fibers
575:amygdala
563:thalamus
537:Lamina I
260:– large
2544:Anatomy
2506:Dorsal
2370:Lateral
2357:Lateral
2296:lateral
2284:ventral
2266:Lateral
2256:Cuneate
2251:Gracile
2230:Sensory
1940:9581756
1891:9006650
1847:8195817
1784:2290200
1662:6729251
1611:2894733
1415:3277941
1359:2777732
1246:7303281
1162:3855892
997:2716387
974:Bibcode
934:8841655
791:Sensory
776:, like
624:glycine
622:and/or
591:spindle
532:Laminae
216:of the
144:in the
61:Details
2530:Portal
2279:dorsal
1984:
1946:
1938:
1918:Neuron
1897:
1889:
1853:
1845:
1791:
1781:
1740:
1712:
1704:
1669:
1659:
1618:
1608:
1569:
1561:
1520:
1512:
1471:
1463:
1422:
1412:
1366:
1356:
1314:
1306:
1253:
1243:
1235:
1221:: 31.
1192:
1169:
1159:
1100:
1063:
1038:
1004:
994:
940:
932:
875:(1918)
674:lumbar
632:myelin
496:haptic
372:, and
364:, all
190:, and
152:, the
2349:Motor
2191:Other
1944:S2CID
1895:S2CID
1851:S2CID
1710:S2CID
1567:S2CID
1518:S2CID
1469:S2CID
1312:S2CID
938:S2CID
865:from
593:, or
124:[
113:77867
72:Latin
2465:Both
1982:PMID
1936:PMID
1887:PMID
1843:PMID
1789:PMID
1738:ISBN
1702:PMID
1667:PMID
1616:PMID
1559:PMID
1510:PMID
1461:PMID
1420:PMID
1364:PMID
1304:PMID
1251:PMID
1233:ISSN
1190:ISBN
1167:PMID
1098:PMID
1061:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1002:PMID
930:PMID
747:The
684:The
672:and
620:GABA
577:and
498:and
420:The
336:and
248:The
136:The
101:6063
84:TA98
1974:doi
1926:doi
1879:doi
1835:doi
1831:241
1779:PMC
1771:doi
1767:540
1694:doi
1657:PMC
1647:doi
1606:PMC
1598:doi
1549:doi
1500:doi
1451:doi
1410:PMC
1402:doi
1354:PMC
1346:doi
1296:doi
1292:468
1241:PMC
1223:doi
1157:PMC
1149:doi
1145:522
1090:doi
1086:250
992:PMC
982:doi
970:106
922:doi
306:ALS
209:).
108:FMA
96:TA2
2556::
1980:.
1968:.
1956:^
1942:.
1934:.
1922:20
1920:.
1916:.
1893:.
1885:.
1875:93
1873:.
1849:.
1841:.
1829:.
1801:^
1787:.
1777:.
1765:.
1761:.
1722:^
1708:.
1700:.
1688:.
1665:.
1655:.
1643:24
1641:.
1637:.
1614:.
1604:.
1594:60
1592:.
1588:.
1565:.
1557:.
1545:87
1543:.
1539:.
1516:.
1508:.
1496:87
1494:.
1490:.
1467:.
1459:.
1447:87
1445:.
1441:.
1418:.
1408:.
1398:11
1396:.
1392:.
1376:^
1362:.
1352:.
1342:29
1340:.
1336:.
1324:^
1310:.
1302:.
1290:.
1278:^
1249:.
1239:.
1231:.
1219:14
1217:.
1213:.
1165:.
1155:.
1143:.
1139:.
1118:.
1096:.
1084:.
1014:^
1000:.
990:.
980:.
968:.
964:.
950:^
936:.
928:.
918:92
916:.
897:^
738:.
634:.
597:.
589:,
404:.
376:.
368:,
360:,
356:,
352:,
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