184:. PPT allows researchers to determine how outcomes of political bargaining differ based on whether political actors are equals or if power is unevenly distributed. PPT also permits the identification of institutional and contextual mechanisms that give some group members additional influence in determining collective outcomes. By focusing on the mechanisms, PPT also allows researchers to determine if outcomes are a result of asymmetric bargaining or deliberative persuasion.
29:
476:
152:. In particular, social choice theoretic methods are often used to describe and (axiomatically) analyze the performance of rules or institutions. The outcomes of the rules or institutions described are then analyzed by game theory, where the individuals/parties/nations involved in a given interaction are modeled as
173:
to the study of politics. The original creation of PPT was developed while Riker was the leader of
Rochester School of Political Science, generating the Rochester School
156:
agents playing a game, guided by self-interest. Based on this assumption, the outcome of the interactions can be predicted as an equilibrium of the game.
308:
453:
93:
46:
65:
536:
72:
517:
432:
Spiller, P. T. (1996). "A Positive
Political Theory of Regulatory Instruments: Contracts, Administrative Law or Regulatory".
79:
320:
165:
61:
422:
380:
354:
112:
390:
Macey, J. R. (1992). "Separated Powers and
Positive Political Theory: The Tug of War Over Administrative Agencies".
546:
541:
434:
50:
458:
278:"Institutional Bargaining for Democratic Theorists (Or How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Haggling)"
510:
86:
491:
39:
392:
208:
368:
503:
198:
213:
203:
181:
149:
141:
312:
294:
277:
8:
411:
483:
418:
376:
350:
334:
261:
244:
329:
289:
256:
223:
174:
160:
406:
344:
180:
Positive political theory has been used to study democratic institutions such as
487:
463:
530:
364:
218:
193:
170:
145:
17:
28:
137:
313:"Social Choice Theory, Game Theory, and Positive Political Theory"
245:"THE ROCHESTER SCHOOL: The Origins of Positive Political Theory"
475:
242:
373:
Modern
Political Economy: Old Topics, New Directions
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
410:
346:Positive Political Theory I: Collective Preference
275:
369:"Law, Legislation, and Positive Political Theory"
342:
307:
528:
375:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 191โ215.
243:Amadae, S. M.; Bueno De Mesquita, Bruce (1999).
404:
511:
413:An Introduction to Positive Political Theory
276:Knight, Jack; Schwartzberg, Melissa (2020).
349:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
518:
504:
333:
293:
260:
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
459:The origins of positive political theory
363:
431:
417:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
343:Austen-Smith, D.; Banks, J. S. (1999).
529:
389:
295:10.1146/annurev-polisci-060118-102113
169:(1962), he applied the principles of
470:
466:with discussion of his contributions
51:adding citations to reliable sources
22:
13:
321:Annual Review of Political Science
282:Annual Review of Political Science
249:Annual Review of Political Science
166:The Theory of Political Coalitions
14:
558:
447:
474:
27:
335:10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.259
262:10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.269
38:needs additional citations for
537:Subfields of political science
464:NAS memoir of William H. Riker
435:Southern California Law Review
269:
236:
1:
229:
159:The founder of the field was
140:using formal methods such as
490:. You can help Knowledge by
130:explanatory political theory
7:
454:Google scholar article list
187:
62:"Positive political theory"
10:
563:
469:
15:
126:Positive political theory
16:Not to be confused with
547:Political science stubs
311:; Banks, J. S. (1998).
393:Georgetown Law Journal
209:Rational choice theory
542:Administrative theory
199:Iron law of oligarchy
214:Social choice theory
204:Public choice theory
182:political bargaining
150:statistical analysis
142:social choice theory
47:improve this article
499:
498:
484:political science
123:
122:
115:
97:
554:
520:
513:
506:
478:
471:
443:
428:
416:
407:Ordeshook, P. C.
401:
386:
360:
339:
337:
317:
309:Austen-Smith, D.
300:
299:
297:
273:
267:
266:
264:
240:
224:William H. Riker
161:William H. Riker
136:is the study of
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
31:
23:
562:
561:
557:
556:
555:
553:
552:
551:
527:
526:
525:
524:
450:
425:
383:
357:
315:
304:
303:
274:
270:
241:
237:
232:
190:
119:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
44:
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
560:
550:
549:
544:
539:
523:
522:
515:
508:
500:
497:
496:
479:
468:
467:
461:
456:
449:
448:External links
446:
445:
444:
429:
423:
405:Riker, W. H.;
402:
387:
381:
361:
355:
340:
302:
301:
268:
234:
233:
231:
228:
227:
226:
221:
219:Voting systems
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
189:
186:
163:. In his book
121:
120:
35:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
559:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
532:
521:
516:
514:
509:
507:
502:
501:
495:
493:
489:
486:article is a
485:
480:
477:
473:
472:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
442:(2): 477โ516.
441:
437:
436:
430:
426:
424:0-13-493064-9
420:
415:
414:
408:
403:
400:(3): 671โ704.
399:
395:
394:
388:
384:
382:0-521-47810-3
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
356:0-472-08721-5
352:
348:
347:
341:
336:
331:
327:
323:
322:
314:
310:
306:
305:
296:
291:
287:
283:
279:
272:
263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
239:
235:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
185:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
167:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:formal theory
131:
127:
117:
114:
106:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: โ
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
42:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
19:
492:expanding it
481:
439:
433:
412:
397:
391:
372:
365:Ferejohn, J.
345:
325:
319:
285:
281:
271:
252:
248:
238:
194:Elite theory
179:
164:
158:
153:
133:
129:
125:
124:
109:
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
328:: 259โ287.
288:: 259โ276.
255:: 269โ295.
171:game theory
146:game theory
531:Categories
230:References
103:March 2023
73:newspapers
18:Positivism
409:(1973).
367:(1995).
188:See also
175:movement
154:rational
138:politics
128:(PPT),
87:scholar
421:
379:
353:
148:, and
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
482:This
316:(PDF)
132:, or
94:JSTOR
80:books
488:stub
419:ISBN
377:ISBN
351:ISBN
66:news
330:doi
290:doi
257:doi
177:.
144:,
49:by
533::
440:69
438:.
398:80
396:.
371:.
324:.
318:.
286:23
284:.
280:.
251:.
247:.
519:e
512:t
505:v
494:.
427:.
385:.
359:.
338:.
332::
326:1
298:.
292::
265:.
259::
253:2
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
91:ยท
84:ยท
77:ยท
70:ยท
43:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.