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22:
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2407:. Two early methods were percussion, in which the ice is fractured and pulverized, and rotary drilling, a method often used in mineral exploration for rock drilling. In the 1940s, thermal drills began to be used; these drills melt the ice by heating the drill. Drills that use jets of hot water or steam to bore through ice soon followed. A growing interest in
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Lili caused extensive damage through the
Caribbean, particularly to crops and poorly built homes. Mudslides were common on the more mountainous islands, particularly Haiti and Jamaica. In the United States, the storm cut off the production of oil within the Gulf of Mexico, and caused severe damage in
6675:
Atmospheric gases scatter blue wavelengths of visible light more than other wavelengths, giving the Earth’s visible edge a blue halo. At higher and higher altitudes, the atmosphere becomes so thin that it essentially ceases to exist. Gradually, the atmospheric halo fades into the blackness of space.
2205:, which affected the same areas around a week before Lili. Lili was the twelfth named storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm developed from a tropical disturbance in the open Atlantic on September 21. It continued westward, affecting the
5170:
in March 2004, causing devastating damage. This was taken just before landfall, when the system was at its peak intensity about 333 km (207 mi) east of
Madagascar, with sustained windspeed of 260 km/h (160 mph). At least 250 people were listed dead, with more missing, and 300,000 people were left
1339:
The crater was discovered by
Antonio Camargo and Glen Penfield, geophysicists who had been looking for petroleum in the Yucatán Peninsula during the late 1970s. Penfield was initially unable to obtain evidence that the geological feature was a crater and gave up his search. Later, through contact
1207:. Hurricane-force winds and gusts affected much of the path, which knocked down trees and power lines. This left over 4 million people without power, causing the worst power outage in Connecticut history related to a natural disaster. Fallen trees caused six of the storm's fourteen deaths. (
2415:
research, led to ice coring drills being developed in the 1950s and 1960s, and there are now many different coring drills in use. For obtaining ice cores from deep holes, most investigators use cable-suspended electromechanical drills, which use an armoured cable to carry electrical power to a
1202:
from South
Carolina to Maine. Hundreds of thousands of people evacuated, and the hurricane was described as the "storm of the century." In general, Gloria's strongest winds remained east of the center, which largely spared locations from North Carolina to New Jersey, and the passage at low tide
2391:
to gain access to what is beneath the ice, to take measurements along the interior of the ice, and to retrieve samples. Instruments can be placed in the drilled holes to record temperature, pressure, speed, direction of movement, and for other scientific research, such as
6937:
5389:
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2237:
parts of
Louisiana. Lili was also responsible for severe damage to the barrier islands and marshes in the southern portion of the state. Total damage amounted to $ 925 million (2002 USD), and the storm killed 15 people during its existence. (
3412:. Surface water works its way down to an average depth of around 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) where it contacts hot rocks. The pressurized water boils, and this causes the geyser effect of hot water and steam spraying out of the geyser's surface vent. (
960:
in 1923 and was redesignated as a national park by
Congress in 1928. The park covers 35,835 acres (55.992 sq mi; 14,502 ha; 145.02 km) and receives substantially fewer visitors than Zion National Park (nearly 4.3 million in 2016) or
3651:, making it one of the most climatically diverse countries in the world. The country's meteorological department follows the international standard of four seasons with some local adjustments: winter (December to February), summer (March to May),
5538:
808:. This process maintains the current average surface temperature of 14.76 °C (58.57 °F), at which water is liquid under normal atmospheric pressure. Differences in the amount of captured energy between geographic regions (as with the
7071:
5978:
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4616:
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rather than the
Ediacaran. For macroorganisms, the Cambrian biota appears to have almost completely replaced the organisms that dominated the Ediacaran fossil record, although relationships are still a matter of debate.
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cliffs, particularly during the winter months when landslides exposed new fossils that had to be collected quickly before they were lost to the sea. Her discoveries included the first correctly identified
6975:
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2547:. However, the U.S. Army was eventually commissioned to oversee the management of Yellowstone for 30 years between 1886 and 1916. In 1917, the administration of the park was transferred to the
1291:
5661:
1328:, about ten kilometers (six miles) in diameter, struck Earth. The crater is estimated to be 200 kilometers (120 miles) in diameter and 1 kilometer (0.62 miles) in depth. It is believed to be
495:
6748:
that are falling from the cloud and being caught by the high level winds. The streaks point in the direction of the wind and may appear straight giving the clouds the appearance of a comma (
2095:, is fractured into seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates or "platelets". Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of
9063:
5799:
5223:
4584:
1408:. Since the ice forms from the incremental buildup of annual layers of snow, lower layers are older than upper ones, and an ice core contains ice formed over a range of years. Cores are
8556:
7458:
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1419:
The physical properties of the ice and of material trapped in it can be used to reconstruct the climate over the age range of the core. The proportions of different oxygen and hydrogen
4777:
933:. The red, orange, and white colors of the rocks provide spectacular views for park visitors. Bryce Canyon National Park is much smaller and sits at a much higher elevation than nearby
202:
related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the
2678:. The term "Ediacara biota" has received criticism from some scientists due to its alleged inconsistency, arbitrary exclusion of certain fossils, and inability to be precisely defined.
4811:
6841:
6772:
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on
September 16 in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. After remaining a weak tropical cyclone for several days, Gloria intensified into a hurricane on September 22 north of the
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5914:
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during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park originally fell under the jurisdiction of the
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encompasses a diverse array of climatic subtypes. These range from arid and semi-arid regions in the west to highland, sub-arctic, tundra, and ice cap climates in the northern
8714:
4648:
79:
8535:
7426:
3532:. The island, with a land area of roughly 116 square miles (300 km), is about 42 miles (68 km) long and 1 to 4 miles (1.6 to 6.4 km) wide. The area has a
7039:
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4713:
4130:
is 361 million square kilometers, its volume is approximately 1.3 billion cubic kilometers, and its average depth is 3,790 meters?
4455:
1546:
buildings, and virtually all of these collapsed. The public became angry due to the slow official response to victims who needed supplies. Residents of the town of
8679:
8519:
8515:
8503:
8499:
6905:
4487:
2916:. The fact that the extinctions occurred simultaneously provides strong evidence that they were caused by the asteroid. A 2016 drilling project into the Chicxulub
1171:. Gloria quickly intensified on September 24, and the next day reached peak winds of 145 mph (233 km/h). The hurricane weakened before striking the
5438:
that formed worldwide from 1985 to 2005. The points show the locations of the storms at six-hourly intervals and use the color scheme shown on the right from the
8523:
8511:
8507:
5831:
4680:
1187:
on
September 28 over New England. The remnants moved through Atlantic Canada and went on to impact Western Europe, eventually dissipating on October 4.
59:
5946:
2498:
on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for
9043:
8724:
4519:
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8531:
9078:
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with an intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam. The formation of geysers is fairly rare, and is caused by particular
7328:
5110:
3268:
and tilted to form its unique slopes, which increased the steepness of stream and river beds, forming deep, narrow canyons. About one million years ago
9113:
8446:
8244:
7372:
1542:, approximately 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the epicenter, although no damage was reported there. Most houses in the region were single-story
9123:
4121:
can carry large amounts of dust, so much so that the leading edge of one can appear as a solid wall of dust as much as 1.6 km (1 mile) high?
9103:
8659:
8654:
1439:
in a large ice sheet is very slow, the borehole temperature is another indicator of temperature in the past. These data can be combined to find the
8212:
7538:
7376:
5605:. It is 22 km long (North-South) and 5 km wide. Its dunes reach a maximum height of 150 meters. It is located roughly 40 kilometers south-east of
9048:
9028:
8408:
6956:
6424:
6417:
3694:
is thus kept warm or is only mildly chilly or cold during winter; the same thermal dam keeps most regions in India hot in summer. The climate in
2041:
448:
from 1831 to 1836 that truly established Darwin as an eminent geologist. The observations and theories he developed during his voyage supported
9201:
9058:
2267:
Geologic time shown in a diagram called a geological clock, showing the relative lengths of the eons of Earth's history and noting major events
2229:. The hurricane rapidly strengthened on October 2, reaching Category 4 strength that afternoon. It weakened rapidly thereafter, and hit
2121:. The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 10 cm annually. Faults tend to be geologically active, experiencing
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8574:
8560:
7093:
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7029:
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6927:
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6461:
6296:
6264:
6197:
6165:
6133:
6099:
6065:
6033:
6001:
5968:
5936:
5853:
5821:
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5715:
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5651:
5481:
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4898:
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4703:
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1952:
8674:
3904:, the total cumulated global glacial losses over the 26-year period from 1993 to 2018 were likely 5500 gigatons, or 210 gigatons per yr.
3194:
2471:
902:
40:
6572:
and one of the most active in the whole entire world. This eruption, one of Etna's most vigorous in years, was triggered by a series of
9108:
9098:
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10 to 15 km (6 to 9 mi) wide, 66 million years ago, which devastated the global environment, mainly through a lingering
1940:
411:
156:
53:
6744:
crystals and shaped like hairlike filaments. They are formed at an altitudes above 5000 metres (16,500 feet). The streaks are made of
2853:, which can be found throughout the world in marine and terrestrial rocks. The boundary clay shows unusually high levels of the metal
1416:(for shallow holes) or powered drills; they can reach depths of over two miles (3.2 km), and contain ice up to 800,000 years old.
8624:
8352:
2942:
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131:
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8954:
8851:
8423:
7298:
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Many different methods have been used since 1840, when the first scientific ice drilling expedition attempted to drill through the
309:
151:
146:
3978:
had a distinguished career as a field geologist despite losing a part of his skull and an eye to shrapnel during World War I?
1734:
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3246:
2551:, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and
2540:
1671:
317:
313:
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8609:
8584:
8148:
5553:
1619:
1329:
418:
141:
9321:
8604:
8589:
7648:
4139:
lies within the troposphere, and the depth of this layer varies between 17 km at the equator and 7 km at the poles?
1344:
in 1990, Penfield obtained samples that suggested it was an impact feature. Evidence for the crater's impact origin includes
1195:
126:
9341:
9301:
111:
106:
9557:
8767:
7681:
1710:
161:
9281:
9221:
1167:. During that time, the storm had moved generally westward, although it turned to the northwest due to a weakening of the
1055:, which was the capital of a kingdom on Lombok. Ash from the eruption fell as far as 340 kilometres (210 mi) away in
1036:. Later volcanic activity created more volcanic centres in the caldera, including the Barujari cone, which remains active.
121:
116:
9241:
9164:
8837:
8462:
8384:
8252:
1956:
1730:
604:
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101:
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8315:
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important monsoonal regime. As Earth's highest and most massive mountain range, the
Himalayas bar the influx of frigid
2218:
136:
9600:
8879:
8781:
8644:
8220:
8189:
8079:
7626:
7560:
3802:
3737:
3184:
2850:
1854:
1733:. Even if efforts to minimize future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries. These include
1296:
953:
354:
965:(almost 6 million in 2016), largely due to Bryce's more remote location. In 2023, Bryce Canyon received 2,461,269. (
8709:
8380:
8376:
8372:
8368:
7703:
1643:
1635:
602:
in the southwestern corner of the park, eventually reaching an estimated 11,000 ft (3,400 m) in height. (
5357:. Too cold and dry to support virtually any vascular plants, Antarctica's flora presently consists of around 250
4935:. Thunderstorms have had a lasting and powerful influence on mankind. Romans thought them to be battles waged by
4248:
3620:
3619:
consists of a wide range of weather conditions across a vast geographic scale and varied topography. Based on the
8926:
8912:
8823:
8224:
8205:
8197:
7741:
3865:
3785:
3590:
2928:, the usual sulfate-containing sea floor rock in the region: the gypsum would have vaporized and dispersed as an
2503:
2457:
2297:, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the
1615:
1552:
1478:
1278:
1199:
1120:
2209:
as a tropical storm, then entered the Caribbean. As it moved west, the storm dissipated while being affected by
8809:
8719:
8684:
8442:
8404:
8296:
8165:
8055:
7582:
7571:
7509:
6393:
6090:
5439:
5160:
3933:
3852:
2499:
2198:
1948:
1702:
1611:
1152:
1140:
1128:
430:
2912:
in the early 1990s, which provided conclusive evidence that the K–Pg boundary clay represented debris from an
9575:
8968:
8948:
8845:
8795:
8634:
8579:
8047:
5290:
3698:
is generally warmer, and more humid due to its coastlines. However some hill stations in South India such as
3237:
in 1984, Yosemite is internationally recognized for its granite cliffs, waterfalls, clear streams, groves of
3064:
skeleton located outside Germany; and fish fossils. Her observations played a key role in the discovery that
2522:
516:
2531:
While Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by
2308:
and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid
486:
179:
8887:
4159:
4103:
is a type of flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet?
3257:
3048:
2217:, and regenerated when the vertical wind shear weakened. It turned to the northwest and strengthened up to
1726:
5062:
of Earth. The image was recorded with an electronic still camera at 15:15:15 GMT, Dec. 21, 1999. (Credit:
3543:, but has had no permanent population since 1832. The island has been part of the United States since the
321:
8753:
8639:
8594:
8276:
8103:
7670:
7395:
7323:
as the band's new co-vocalist. The band went on hiatus in 2017 following the death of then-lead vocalist
7294:
7182:
6565:
6324:, and nearly half of the world's marine waters are over 3000 m deep. This global, interconnected body of
5519:
4001:
3881:
3880:
regions of South America and Africa. Since glacial mass is affected by long-term climatic changes, e.g.,
3222:
3218:
2487:
2345:
2273:
2076:, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics came to be accepted by
692:
438:
305:
866:
804:), creates the conditions for both liquid surface water and water vapor to persist via the capturing of
9377:
8940:
8865:
8704:
8599:
8450:
8438:
8340:
8336:
8300:
8240:
7637:
7320:
3206:
2495:
1511:
1021:
967:
962:
874:
382:
is now generally accepted and considered a fundamental scientific concept. In a joint publication with
96:
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8478:
8416:
8308:
8095:
7487:
7208:
5991:
4217:
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conditions, which support lush rainforests in these territories. Many regions have starkly different
3552:
3230:
3119:
2561:
2466:
1678:
1191:
4047:, from the deepest parts of the ocean to altitudes of up to 64 km (40 miles) in the atmosphere?
3788:. Felt over an area of 200,000 square miles (520,000 km), the earthquake reached the states of
2940:
and produced long-lasting effects on the climate, detailing the mechanisms of the mass extinction. (
9605:
8474:
8185:
7737:
7368:
7282:
6822:
6413:
5784:
4301:
4022:
3974:
3773:
3750:
3238:
2336:
2332:
1631:
1520:
1256:
reveals part of the diameter ring of the crater in the form of a shallow circular trough. Numerous
734:
723:
457:
290:
8831:
4112:
are around 500 feet (150 m) across, and stay on the ground for 5 miles (8 km)?
1943:(IUGS), making it the first new geological period declared in 120 years. Although the period took
9610:
9033:
8042:
7615:
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7271:
7211:
large enough to be detected as an earthquake by monitoring stations. Local residents are told to
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5887:
5404:
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3986:
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1581:
813:
539:
in this part of North America for hundreds of millions of years. Heat and molten rock from these
426:
4070:
3868:
since the late 19th century. Examples include mountain glaciers in western North America, Asia,
2070:, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of
1576:
1175:
of North Carolina on September 27. Later that day, Gloria made two subsequent landfalls on
8873:
8775:
8482:
8181:
8111:
8067:
6826:
5273:
5054:
Astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery recorded this rarely seen phenomenon of the full
4277:
3278:
3202:
3142:
2682:
2675:
2222:
2034:
1706:
1059:; the volcano deposited more than 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) of rocks and ash. (
676:
399:
9431:
8470:
8272:
8201:
8193:
8107:
8091:
8019:
7944:
7840:
7820:
7762:
7692:
6187:
5346:
4205:
3210:
2548:
2278:
1627:
1061:
746:
462:
383:
363:
2817:
weighing more than 25 kilograms (55 pounds) also became extinct, with the exception of some
2652:
period classification that consists of all life forms that were present on Earth during the
1431:
trapped in tiny bubbles can be analysed to determine the level of atmospheric gases such as
9595:
9182:
8920:
8906:
8817:
8458:
8304:
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7196:
7119:
4014:
4009:
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1959:, at , approximately 55 km (34 mi) southeast of the Ediacara Hills fossil site. (
1156:
837:
536:
422:
375:
7535:
3581:
3307:
2909:
2809:
approximately 66 million years ago. The event caused the extinction of all non-avian
2316:
formed soon afterwards, possibly as a result of the impact of a planetoid with the Earth.
1312:
in Mexico. Its center is offshore, but the crater is named after the onshore community of
1309:
8:
8803:
8115:
8099:
8075:
8071:
7714:
7659:
7527:
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7278:
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on every continent other than the Australian mainland, including Oceania's high-latitude
3841:
3234:
2937:
2869:
2667:
2556:
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2233:
as a Category 1 hurricane on October 3. It moved inland and dissipated on October 6.
2105:
1904:
supereon", before the beginning of the subsequent Cambrian Period marks the start of the
1738:
1694:
1428:
1168:
918:
765:
672:
520:
75:
9192:
5008:
699:. The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form of
9485:
8962:
8789:
8486:
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played softball for audiences of over a thousand people, in an atmosphere similar to a
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of these organisms have been found worldwide, and represent the earliest known complex
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or rainy season (June to September), and a post-monsoon period (October and November).
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formed at higher elevations. They moved downslope, cutting and sculpting the U-shaped
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over at least the past 30 million years, including these in the Lassen volcanic areas.
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is actually located in the bed of the Enorama Creek within the Brachina Gorge in the
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Eruptions in the Lassen volcanic area in the last 70,000 years. Circle shows base of
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as a Category 4 storm. This photograph of the eye of the hurricane was taken from a
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and remnants of older rock. About 10 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada was
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According to the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (
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that buried much of Lombok and crossed the sea to reach the neighbouring island of
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909:. The major feature of the park is Bryce Canyon, which despite its name, is not a
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Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the
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in 1946. Its status as an official geological period was ratified in 2004 by the
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has warmed the most, and temperatures on land have generally increased more than
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48:. Please contact these user(s) when you plan to make significant changes.
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3927:. Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km (19,000 sq mi) are called
3593:. In contrast to the rain shadow region of Tirunelveli, the park receives ample
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winter is the season having the shortest days (which vary greatly according to
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The ACFEL ice auger showing an ice core pushed up into the core remover barrel.
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1606:—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's
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5027:. The photo shows the geological exfoliation of granite dome rock. (Taken by
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of a diverse community of previously unrecognized lifeforms (later named the
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3249:. Yosemite is one of the largest and least fragmented habitat blocks in the
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3931:. They are several kilometers deep and obscure the underlying topography. (
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3749:. The strongest earthquake to originate in the state, it measured 5.1 on a
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937:. The rim at Bryce varies from 8,000 to 9,000 feet (2,400 to 2,700 m).
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covered increasingly larger areas of this formation to eventually form the
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streamed down several major mountains that included nearby but now extinct
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and, together with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly
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that is known for destructive earthquakes. The shock measured 6.5 on the
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691:. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering
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and covers 759,620 acres (1,187 sq mi; 3,074 km) in four
3032:. Anning's findings contributed to changes in scientific thinking about
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ejected within minutes from deep in the earth, but contained hardly any
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Earth's lithosphere, the rigid outer shell of the planet including the
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emerges from a seven-year hiatus with the announcement of an upcoming
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into the following five bodies, from the largest to the smallest: the
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skeleton when she was twelve years old; the first two nearly complete
1238:
768:, which sustains Earth's surface conditions and protects it from most
406:. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in
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A map of the world as it appeared during the mid-Ediacaran, c. 600 Ma
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Between 3 and 4 million years ago, volcanic-derived mud flows called
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than is replenished by flow into that region. In this region of the
3776:. It caused minor damage, reports of which were confined to Kansas,
2936:. In October 2019, researchers asserted that the event rapidly
2932:
into the atmosphere, causing longer-term effects on the climate and
1776:
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is brown, sand is yellow and white, vegetation is green, and salty
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3892:, glacial mass changes are one of the most sensitive indicators of
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Watch its talk page for earth science-related issues on Knowledge.
3631:
regions, varying with elevation. The northern lowlands experience
3443:
2900:, was bolstered by the discovery of the 180 km (112 mi)
1550:
resorted to throwing stones at the car of a government minister. (
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3745:, in the United States on April 24, 1867, at 20:22 UTC, or about
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follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the
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also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The
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1405:
1353:
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of 7, making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the
1013:
742:
378:. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a
8552:
4423:, glacial lakes have been rapidly forming on the surface of the
2589:
Life in the Ediacaran Period as imagined by researchers in 1980.
2585:
2555:, and researchers have examined more than a thousand indigenous
996:
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7375:
asteroid to be successfully discovered before impacting Earth.
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3013:
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1909:
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1051:. The flows destroyed human habitations, including the city of
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As originally proposed in 1980 by a team of scientists led by
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2608:
1825:
1807:
1538:), the earthquake was felt as far away as the capital city of
1531:. At least 230 people were killed and 1,500 more were injured.
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2513:, one of its most popular. While it represents many types of
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in the area in 1874. The area was originally designated as a
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has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in
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2704:. This biota largely disappeared with the rapid increase in
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era, while heralding the beginning of the current era, the
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1913:
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921:. Bryce is distinctive due to geological structures called
906:
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523:, U.S. The park is located in the southernmost part of the
7601:
3008:. She became known internationally for her discoveries in
2320:
and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere.
1336:
is intact and directly accessible for scientific research.
594:
upon which the park is situated. About 600,000 years ago,
9566:
7984:
7410:
on Earth of 82.2 °C (180.0 °F) and the highest
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6741:
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was explored by geologists using motor toboggans in 1961?
3768:
The earthquake had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (
3485:
3473:
3376:
3344:
3170:
3152:
2981:
Anning with her dog, Tray, painted before 1842; the hill
2666:). These were enigmatic tubular and frond-shaped, mostly
2662:
2620:
1819:
1264:) cluster around the trough marking the inner crater rim.
792:
that cover most of the planet. The water vapor acts as a
668:
343:
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cover almost three quarters (71%) of the surface of the
3539:
Amchitka was populated for more than 2,500 years by the
3408:
areas, and the geyser effect is due to the proximity of
1012:
In 1257, a catastrophic eruption occurred at Samalas, a
362:; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English
6752:), or may by seem tangled, an indication of high level
4056:
received a gold medal for her early work on fossils of
9006:
it. If you're not sure how to do it, practice in the
4427:-covered glaciers and researchers have found a strong
3907:
On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast
3643:. In contrast, much of the south and the east exhibit
3635:
conditions, with some areas at higher altitudes, like
3404:
Generally, geyser field sites are located near active
1143:
and the first major storm to affect New York City and
812:
receiving more sunlight than the polar regions) drive
90:
Knowledge portal for content related to Earth sciences
4171:
3491:
3401:
conditions that exist only in a few places on Earth.
3382:
3350:
3185:
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when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The
2225:
in western Cuba later that day, and then entered the
1855:
1837:
1831:
1822:
1804:
1670:, the primary greenhouse gas driving global warming,
1297:
893:
355:
346:
340:
226:). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of
7418:
will investigate to confirm the readings' accuracy.
3488:
3173:
2611:
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1810:
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reaching tens of kilometres into the atmosphere and
887:
884:
334:
6584:, 600 km (373 mi) to the south. (Credit:
3800:, though the latter reports have been questioned. (
3479:
3476:
3373:
3341:
3167:
3158:
2617:
2193:was the second costliest, deadliest, and strongest
1816:
331:
8715:volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain
8447:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
8245:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
7736:For a more comprehensive treatment of topics, see
5609:. The local center for tourists is the village of
1893:Period at 538.8 Mya. It is the last period of the
737:combined. Earth's crust consists of slowly moving
3896:. Retreat of glaciers is also a major reason for
3551:, it was used as an airfield by US forces in the
2996:(21 May 1799 – 9 March 1847) was an English
2416:mechanical drill at the bottom of the borehole. (
9587:
8680:Sites of special scientific interest in Cornwall
5401:Specimen from a palaeontological site of Lebanon
3946:
2343:since the beginning of the planet's formation. (
2285:based on the study of the planet's rock layers (
1881:that spans 96 million years from the end of the
386:, he introduced his scientific theory that this
8409:Toronto Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory
5560:. (Credit: Oregon's Mt. Hood Territory.) (from
2696:. This was after the Earth had thawed from the
2521:forest is the most abundant. It is part of the
1135:to strike the northeastern United States since
58:. Subpages that are no longer needed should be
9185:sister projects provide more on this subject:
8725:Wettest tropical cyclones in the United States
3911:(also known as "continental glaciers") in the
3536:, with many storms, and mostly overcast skies.
3245:. Almost 95 percent of the park is designated
2845:, the K–Pg event is marked by a thin layer of
2335:. However, in 2020, researchers reported that
1674:and is at levels unseen for millions of years.
1006:View of Mount Samalas along with Mount Rinjani
753:capable of deflecting most of the destructive
78:before making major changes. Learn how to
7293:, after being docked for three months at the
3994:produced by the impact of the Apollo 13
1512:
929:and stream erosion of the river and lake bed
741:, which interact to produce mountain ranges,
531:region of the United States. Pacific Oceanic
433:from 1828 to 1831 encouraged his passion for
8700:Storms in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
8695:Storms in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
7094:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7062:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
7030:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6998:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6966:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
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6896:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6864:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6832:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6795:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
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6526:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6494:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6462:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6328:, called the World Ocean, is divided by the
6297:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6265:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6198:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6166:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6134:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
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6066:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
6034:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
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5652:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5482:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5414:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5353:. Antarctica was discovered in late January
5247:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5214:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5133:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
5101:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4988:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4899:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
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4802:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4768:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4736:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4704:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4671:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4639:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4607:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4575:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4542:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4510:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4478:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
4378:Knowledge:Featured pictures/Sciences/Geology
3830:
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2970:
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1775:
1330:the second largest impact structure on Earth
1237:
1089:
995:
632:
270:
169:
9132:Join one of the WikiProjects listed below.
7319:, a worldwide concert tour, and introduces
3757:or the event's felt area. The earthquake's
3241:, lakes, mountains, meadows, glaciers, and
2896:. The impact hypothesis, also known as the
2304:Initially, Earth was molten due to extreme
1989:Map of Earth's 16 principal tectonic plates
828:, and a range of weather phenomena such as
8998:Whether you are an expert or a novice, be
8389:Geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area
7363:in the Philippines at approximately 16:40
6356:. Official boundaries are defined by the
3043:Anning searched for fossils in the area's
1941:International Union of Geological Sciences
1616:current rise in global average temperature
7130:. Now it is thought to be a symmetrical
6392:was the third most powerful storm of the
5369:, and around 700 terrestrial and aquatic
4939:. Thunderstorms were associated with the
4106:...that in the United States, on average
1677:Climate change has an increasingly large
1119:that caused significant damage along the
460:made Darwin famous as a popular author. (
8665:North Carolina hurricanes (1980–present)
8557:Views of Earth from space and satellites
6953:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
5783:) and the lowest temperatures. (Credit:
4373:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
3727:
3702:are well known for their cold climate. (
3674:in the north work in tandem to create a
3580:
3530:Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
2754:
2584:
2492:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
2368:
2262:
1984:
1919:The Ediacaran Period is named after the
1575:
1468:
1443:that best fits all the available data. (
1381:
865:
485:
374:, widely known for his contributions to
9364:
9188:
9173:
7539:Earth and atmospheric sciences journals
7355:, is predicted to fall harmlessly as a
7161:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6763:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6683:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6591:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6430:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6367:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
6358:International Hydrographic Organization
6233:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5905:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5790:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5620:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5563:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5529:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5449:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5380:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5308:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5182:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5069:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
5034:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
4954:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
4446:Portal:Earth sciences/Selected pictures
4071:
2920:confirmed that the peak ring comprised
2681:The Ediacaran biota may have undergone
2084:was validated in the mid-to-late 1960s.
2054: 'pertaining to building') is the
1729:is forcing many species to relocate or
1709:. Higher temperatures are also causing
80:update the maintenance information here
9588:
7215:and schools in the region are closed.
6423:aircraft on August 28, 2005. (Credit:
5297:and is used by pilots for calibrating
4133:...that three quarters of the earth's
1900:as well as the last of the so-called "
1283:
543:plates has fed scores of volcanoes in
8660:North Carolina hurricanes (1950–1979)
8655:North Carolina hurricanes (1900–1949)
8353:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
5522:. (Credit: NASA, with image edits by
3856:is well documented and is one of the
3597:due to its location in a mountainous
3456:warhead being lowered into test shaft
3201:. It is bordered on the southeast by
2221:strength on October 1. Lili made two
1935:) were first discovered by geologist
940:The Bryce Canyon area was settled by
788:is widely present in the atmosphere,
8977:
8650:North Carolina hurricanes (pre-1900)
8575:Baja California Peninsula hurricanes
6949:2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake tsunami
3690:and northerly Central Asia. Most of
3072:stones at the time, were fossilised
1527:), and was followed by more than 20
1252:'s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
1179:and across the coastline of western
1100:Gloria near peak intensity north of
913:, but a collection of giant natural
776:. It has a composition of primarily
679:. This is enabled by Earth being an
503:The Lassen volcanic area presents a
454:concept of gradual geological change
421:; instead, he helped to investigate
242:
16:
9064:Mineralogical Association of Canada
8675:Retired Pacific typhoon names (JMA)
8463:National parks of England and Wales
8385:Geology of the Lassen volcanic area
8253:Geology of the Lassen volcanic area
5591:
3900:. Excluding peripheral glaciers of
2474:located in the northwest corner of
2337:sufficient water to fill the oceans
1957:Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park
710:. Most of Earth's land is somewhat
13:
9565:
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9529:
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9493:
9475:
9457:
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9403:
9385:
9367:
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9311:
9291:
9271:
9251:
9231:
9211:
9191:
8982:
8536:Lists of North Carolina hurricanes
8138:
8127:
7442:
7138:or dome) that has been exposed to
6412:along the Central Gulf Coast near
6408:on August 25, 2005, then again on
5349:and is almost entirely covered by
4951:. (Credit: John Kerstholt.) (from
4347:
4166:
4148:is the deepest point in the ocean?
3966:geology of the Ellsworth Mountains
3954:
3601:-facing region wedged between the
3195:national park of the United States
2472:national park of the United States
2327:, augmented by ice delivered from
1506:which is crossed by several major
1400:that is typically removed from an
1320:). It was formed slightly over 66
903:national park of the United States
394:resulted from a process he called
70:when editing, especially if using
14:
9622:
8625:Florida hurricanes (2000–present)
8221:1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
8190:1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
7728:
7550:Earth science conspiracy theories
7406:, records the highest unverified
6568:. Etna is the largest of Italy's
5475:, by R. Clucas (USGS) (edited by
5434:This map shows the tracks of all
5171:homeless due to Gafilo. (Credit:
5017:Enchanted Rock State Natural Area
2712:. Most of the currently existing
1612:Climate change in a broader sense
1190:Before Gloria made landfall, the
944:in the 1850s and was named after
8961:
8947:
8933:
8919:
8905:
8886:
8872:
8858:
8844:
8830:
8816:
8802:
8788:
8774:
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8746:
8551:
8381:Geology of the Grand Canyon area
8377:Geology of the Death Valley area
8373:Geology of the Capitol Reef area
8369:Geology of the Bryce Canyon area
7437:
7414:of 36.1 °C (97.0 °F).
7342:A small 1.5-metre (4.9 ft)
7102:
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2178:Lili near peak intensity in the
2149:
1971:
1800:
1757:
1717:. Rapid environmental change in
1562:
1490:) occurred on 22 June 2002. The
1455:
1386:Ice core sample taken from drill
1368:
1316:(not the larger coastal town of
1219:
1071:
977:
880:
852:
614:
574:to become the Tuscan Formation.
472:
327:
252:
230:but with a much older history. (
178:
20:
8734:
8690:South America tropical cyclones
8670:Retired Pacific hurricane names
7742:Index of earth science articles
6222:, as seen from space, with the
5271:, drawn on the desert floor at
3786:United States Geological Survey
3591:Valley of Flowers National Park
3076:, and she also discovered that
2685:in a proposed event called the
2537:U.S. Department of the Interior
2458:Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone
2274:geological history of the Earth
1947:from the Ediacara Hills in the
1695:Amplified warming in the Arctic
1200:East Coast of the United States
1131:. It was the first significant
1121:east coast of the United States
729:retain more water than Earth's
8992:Edit an Earth sciences article
8620:Florida hurricanes (1975–1999)
8615:Florida hurricanes (1950–1974)
8610:Florida hurricanes (1900–1949)
8585:Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
8520:2003 Atlantic hurricane season
8516:2002 Atlantic hurricane season
8504:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
8500:1941 Atlantic hurricane season
8443:Carlsbad Caverns National Park
8405:The Volcano (British Columbia)
8297:The Volcano (British Columbia)
8166:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
7171:
6455:, by Paul Glombick (edited by
6394:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
6091:Petrified Forest National Park
5440:Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
4435:and glacial retreat. (Credit:
4124:...that the area of the world
4050:... that the Danish geologist
4020:... that the most significant
3853:retreat of glaciers since 1850
3666:are climatically pivotal: the
3225:, extending north and east to
3217: – centered in
2199:2002 Atlantic hurricane season
1949:Nilpena Ediacara National Park
1129:1985 Atlantic hurricane season
917:along the eastern side of the
832:, allowing components such as
1:
8605:Florida hurricanes (pre-1900)
8590:Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
8524:Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
8512:1998 Pacific hurricane season
8508:1995 Pacific hurricane season
7453:Select to view subcategories
6680:'s Earth Observatory.) (from
5291:Dryden Flight Research Center
4975:Incandescent Pahoeoe Fountain
3209:. The park is managed by the
3080:fossils contained fossilised
3016:beds in the cliffs along the
2985:can be seen in the background
2851:K–Pg boundary or K–T boundary
2657:
2523:South Central Rockies forests
747:Earth has a liquid outer core
517:Lassen Volcanic National Park
282:
8198:2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake
7649:Earth sciences organizations
6580:was reported as far away as
6546:An October 2002 eruption of
4043:exists in every part of the
3844:in the United States in 1973
2543:to supervise the park being
2504:its many geothermal features
2486:. It was established by the
2339:may have always been on the
2291:about 4.54 billion years ago
2066:comprises a number of large
1584:over the past 50 years. The
1479:2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake
1016:on the Indonesian island of
7:
8532:Lists of Florida hurricanes
8277:Mount Cayley volcanic field
8225:2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes
8206:2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes
7682:Earth sciences publications
7396:Qeshm International Airport
7295:International Space Station
7183:Russian invasion of Ukraine
6566:International Space Station
5520:International Space Station
3866:rise in global temperatures
2829:. It marked the end of the
2383:allows scientists studying
1697:has contributed to thawing
1502:, a region of northwestern
1020:. The event had a probable
806:energy from the Sun's light
412:burial in Westminster Abbey
10:
9627:
9226:Free textbooks and manuals
8705:Timeline of the far future
8630:Largest volcanic eruptions
8541:Retired Pacific hurricanes
8451:Death Valley National Park
8439:Bryce Canyon National Park
8341:Bryce Canyon National Park
8337:Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)
8301:Upper and Lower Table Rock
8241:Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)
8033:
7256:after five days in orbit.
5058:partially obscured by the
5031:on 2nd April 2005.) (from
3207:Stanislaus National Forest
2857:, which is more common in
2496:President Ulysses S. Grant
2040:
1693:are becoming more common.
1620:primarily caused by humans
1423:provide information about
1022:Volcanic Explosivity Index
963:Grand Canyon National Park
875:Bryce Canyon National Park
72:automated editing software
29:Portal maintenance status:
9356:Discover Knowledge using
9165:Contributing to Knowledge
8645:North Carolina hurricanes
8479:Yellowstone National Park
8417:Yellowstone National Park
8309:Yellowstone National Park
7905:
7902:
7899:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7517:Earth science conferences
5992:Joshua Tree National Park
4411:from its terminus of the
4375:, by David Rydevik (from
3915:. Glaciers also exist in
3864:provide evidence for the
3858:effects of climate change
3738:1867 Manhattan earthquake
3670:in the northwest and the
3553:Aleutian Islands Campaign
3514:unstable and uninhabited
2794:of three-quarters of the
2541:Secretary of the Interior
2467:Yellowstone National Park
2283:chronological measurement
2011: Sinistral transform
1679:impact on the environment
1488:2002 Changureh earthquake
1332:, and the only one whose
1192:National Hurricane Center
1028:. It left behind a large
171:The Earth Sciences Portal
9601:Physical science portals
9346:Dictionary and thesaurus
9286:Collection of quotations
9002:, improve an article by
8710:United States hurricanes
8475:Shoshone National Forest
8186:1968 Illinois earthquake
8080:History of Earth science
7738:Outline of earth science
7627:History of Earth science
7561:Earth sciences textbooks
7283:White Sands Space Harbor
6414:Buras-Triumph, Louisiana
6218:A true-color picture of
5238:of the bluff in Pacifica
3975:Frederick Murray Trotter
3774:Mercalli intensity scale
3595:orographic precipitation
3205:and on the northwest by
2833:period, and with it the
1908:Eon, where recognizable
1889:to the beginning of the
1590:sea surface temperatures
905:located in southwestern
291:On the Origin of Species
288:, when he was preparing
9034:Cross section (geology)
7704:Earth sciences software
5405:Paleontology in Lebanon
4947:to be a servant of the
4433:increasing temperatures
4407:in which more material
4030:, which comes from the
4023:rock from New Caledonia
3987:Solar Wind Spectrometer
3507:
2694: million years ago
2676:multicellular organisms
2553:historical significance
2494:and signed into law by
2488:42nd U.S. Congress
1652:absorb some of the heat
1582:surface air temperature
1356:in surrounding areas. (
535:have plunged below the
427:University of Cambridge
419:University of Edinburgh
198:includes all fields of
9570:
9552:
9534:
9516:
9498:
9480:
9462:
9444:
9426:
9408:
9390:
9372:
9336:
9316:
9296:
9276:
9256:
9236:
9216:
9196:
8987:
8720:Volcanoes in Indonesia
8685:Snow events in Florida
8483:Yosemite National Park
8182:1949 Ambato earthquake
8143:
7448:
6955:, by Vasily V. Titov,
6816:Ant trapped in Baltic
6570:three active volcanoes
6362:Alexandre Van de Sande
5347:coldest place on earth
5274:Edwards Air Force Base
4160:Start a new article...
4075:show different entries
3959:
3872:in central Europe and
3835:
3732:
3610:
3447:
3311:
3203:Sierra National Forest
3143:Yosemite National Park
3123:
2975:
2759:
2720:first appeared in the
2683:evolutionary radiation
2590:
2451:
2374:
2293:by accretion from the
2268:
2172:
2027:
2013:
1780:
1713:, droughts, and other
1672:has grown by about 50%
1593:
1473:
1387:
1308:buried underneath the
1242:
1198:at some point for the
1094:
1000:
870:
683:, the only one in the
637:
525:Cascade Mountain Range
499:
437:. However, it was his
400:struggle for existence
275:
9569:
9551:
9533:
9515:
9497:
9479:
9461:
9443:
9432:Current events portal
9425:
9407:
9389:
9371:
9335:
9315:
9295:
9275:
9255:
9235:
9215:
9206:Free media repository
9195:
8986:
8635:New Jersey hurricanes
8580:California hurricanes
8471:Rondane National Park
8202:2005 Qeshm earthquake
8194:1997 Qayen earthquake
8142:
8056:Environmental science
7945:Environmental science
7841:Physical oceanography
7821:Chemical oceanography
7763:Atmospheric chemistry
7583:Environmental science
7572:Earth system sciences
7510:Earth sciences awards
7446:
4068:More did you know? -
3958:
3834:
3731:
3584:
3446:
3310:
3211:National Park Service
3122:
3084:like those of modern
3060:skeletons; the first
2974:
2758:
2588:
2549:National Park Service
2450:
2372:
2279:geological time scale
2266:
2171:
1988:
1779:
1683:Deserts are expanding
1628:Industrial Revolution
1579:
1519:scale, had a maximum
1494:was near the city of
1472:
1385:
1285:[t͡ʃikʃuˈluɓ]
1241:
1093:
999:
869:
820:, producing a global
636:
598:started to rise as a
489:
458:journal of the voyage
456:. Publication of his
425:. His studies at the
384:Alfred Russel Wallace
301:Charles Robert Darwin
274:
9306:Free-content library
9183:Wikimedia Foundation
9175:Associated Wikimedia
9140:Improve this portal
9044:Koscierzyna borehole
8459:Geography of Ireland
8305:Volcano (South Park)
8048:Atmospheric sciences
7248:mission operated by
6230:to the east. (from
6226:to the west and the
5775:of temperate zones.
5293:, it is inclined to
5267:The world's largest
4015:Harlem Globetrotters
4010:Iowa Colored Cowboys
3753:that is based on an
3743:Riley County, Kansas
3641:continental climates
3528:. It is part of the
3260:is characterized by
3243:biological diversity
3038:history of the Earth
2938:acidified the oceans
2776:, also known as the
2765:Cretaceous–Paleogene
2702:extensive glaciation
2557:archaeological sites
2413:palaeoclimatological
2201:, only surpassed by
2004: Collision zone
1997: Extension zone
1658:after it warms from
1484:2002 Avaj earthquake
1425:ancient temperatures
1157:Cape Verde hurricane
1104:on September 24
766:a dynamic atmosphere
733:, lakes, rivers and
537:North American Plate
423:marine invertebrates
410:and was honoured by
376:evolutionary biology
186:Earth seen from Moon
9576:WikiProject Portals
9378:List of all portals
9326:Free learning tools
9246:Free knowledge base
9054:Magnetic chronozone
8640:New York hurricanes
8595:Delaware hurricanes
7745:
7359:over the island of
7274:capsule returns to
7246:private spaceflight
7226:15 September 2024 –
7179:18 September 2024 –
7154:are blue. (Credit:
6823:Baltic-amber-beetle
6564:, as seen from the
5990:Weathered rocks at
5771:is one of the four
5502:A 2002 eruption of
5153:Satellite image of
4369:Tsunami in Thailand
3990:detected a gas-ion
3842:White Chuck Glacier
3784:, according to the
3235:World Heritage Site
2778:Cretaceous–Tertiary
2478:and extending into
2333:produced the oceans
1739:ocean acidification
1711:more intense storms
1703:retreat of glaciers
1482:(also known as the
1404:or a high mountain
1159:originating from a
919:Paunsaugunt Plateau
745:, and earthquakes.
673:astronomical object
521:Northern California
9571:
9553:
9535:
9517:
9499:
9486:Mathematics portal
9481:
9463:
9445:
9427:
9409:
9391:
9373:
9337:
9317:
9297:
9277:
9257:
9237:
9217:
9197:
9079:Yuanshan Formation
8988:
8955:History of Science
8852:Rocks and Minerals
8600:Florida hurricanes
8487:Zion National Park
8455:Geography of India
8144:
8104:Physical geography
7960:Physical geography
7734:
7671:Physical geography
7449:
7422:The Economic Times
7386:1 September 2024 –
7338:4 September 2024 –
7325:Chester Bennington
7304:5 September 2024 –
7263:7 September 2024 –
7122:in the country of
5812:Diatomaceous earth
5518:, viewed from the
5373:species. (Credit:
5299:heading indicators
4981:, by J.D. Griggs,
4793:Explosive eruption
4218:History of science
3960:
3923:countries such as
3836:
3733:
3611:
3510:;) is a volcanic,
3448:
3312:
3124:
3049:Charmouth Mudstone
2976:
2898:Alvarez hypothesis
2760:
2710:Cambrian explosion
2591:
2452:
2375:
2269:
2173:
2082:seafloor spreading
2014:
1781:
1594:
1521:Mercalli intensity
1474:
1388:
1342:Alan R. Hildebrand
1243:
1196:hurricane warnings
1183:, before becoming
1095:
1039:The event created
1001:
935:Zion National Park
871:
687:sustaining liquid
638:
500:
404:selective breeding
276:
9540:Technology portal
9266:Free-content news
9156:Selected pictures
9152:Selected articles
9016:Add new articles:
8978:Things you can do
8894:Tropical Cyclones
8547:Featured pictures
8413:Volcanology of Io
8273:Mono–Inyo Craters
8249:David A. Johnston
8134:Featured articles
8124:
8123:
8029:
8028:
7929:Micropaleontology
7638:Earth observation
7454:
7281:, landing at the
7199:weapons depot in
6827:AmericanXplorer13
6389:Hurricane Katrina
5436:tropical cyclones
5285:. Painted on the
4302:Tropical cyclones
4078:
3950:
3862:mountain glaciers
3860:. The retreat of
3763:town of Manhattan
3607:Greater Himalayas
3030:Southwest England
3024:in the county of
2910:Yucatán Peninsula
2661: 635–538.8
2506:, especially the
2401:Unteraargletscher
2203:Hurricane Isidore
2131:mountain-building
2127:volcanic activity
2073:continental drift
2056:scientific theory
1872:geological period
1646:practices add to
1596:In common usage,
1322:million years ago
1310:Yucatán Peninsula
1045:pyroclastic flows
958:Warren G. Harding
954:national monument
810:equatorial region
774:UV-light at entry
749:that generates a
735:atmospheric water
529:Pacific Northwest
513:volcanic activity
396:natural selection
388:branching pattern
243:Selected articles
228:planetary science
87:
86:
56:should be checked
34:
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8281:Mount St. Helens
8147:Climate change (
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7785:Paleoclimatology
7778:Hydrometeorology
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7321:Emily Armstrong
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4348:Selected images
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4278:Systems science
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3934:Full article...
3917:mountain ranges
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3796:, and possibly
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3705:Full article...
3688:Tibetan Plateau
3684:katabatic winds
3657:
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3558:Full article...
3545:Alaska Purchase
3538:
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3274:Yosemite Valley
3255:
3254:
3233:. Designated a
3187:
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3147:
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3138:
3137:
3136:
3130:Yosemite Valley
3126:
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3117:
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3096:
3095:
3091:Full article...
3042:
3041:
3018:English Channel
3006:palaeontologist
2990:
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2947:
2943:Full article...
2914:asteroid impact
2867:
2866:
2843:geologic record
2792:mass extinction
2780:
2761:
2749:
2748:
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2737:
2736:
2732:Full article...
2690:
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2562:Full article...
2545:Columbus Delano
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2240:Full article...
2235:
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2207:Lesser Antilles
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2157:
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2145:
2144:
2140:Full article...
2086:
2085:
2068:tectonic plates
2018:Plate tectonics
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1962:Full article...
1933:Ediacaran biota
1925:South Australia
1918:
1917:
1916:becomes common.
1864:
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1748:Full article...
1707:sea ice decline
1676:
1675:
1654:that the Earth
1632:Fossil fuel use
1595:
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1558:
1557:
1553:Full article...
1533:
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1500:Qazvin Province
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1446:Full article...
1418:
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1359:Full article...
1350:gravity anomaly
1338:
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1210:Full article...
1189:
1188:
1165:Lesser Antilles
1155:. Gloria was a
1149:Hurricane Donna
1147:directly since
1137:Hurricane Agnes
1125:Atlantic Canada
1115:was a powerful
1109:
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942:Mormon pioneers
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848:
847:
843:Full article...
826:climate regions
824:with different
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739:tectonic plates
714:and covered by
708:land hemisphere
706:within Earth's
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652:, December 1972
645:The Blue Marble
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435:natural science
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8162:Rachel Carson
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7536:
7529:
7525:
7518:
7511:
7507:
7500:
7496:
7489:
7485:
7478:
7474:
7467:
7463:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7438:Subcategories
7432:
7430:
7425:
7423:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7379:New Scientist
7374:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7345:
7341:
7336:
7334:
7332:
7331:Rolling Stone
7326:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7307:
7302:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7291:United States
7288:
7284:
7280:
7277:
7273:
7270:
7266:
7261:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7234:
7232:
7231:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7214:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7191:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7177:
7176:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7105:
7100:
7096:
7095:
7090:
7086:
7085:
7073:
7068:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7054:
7053:
7041:
7036:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7022:
7021:
7020:Rhodochrosite
7009:
7004:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6990:
6989:
6977:
6972:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6939:
6934:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6920:
6919:
6907:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6888:
6887:
6875:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6843:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6824:
6820:
6819:
6806:
6801:
6797:
6796:
6791:
6787:
6786:
6774:
6769:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6758:Piccolo Namek
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6738:
6737:Cirrus clouds
6726:
6721:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6707:
6706:
6694:
6689:
6685:
6684:
6679:
6666:
6661:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6634:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6602:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6588:crew.) (from
6587:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6537:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6518:
6517:
6505:
6500:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6486:
6485:
6473:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6454:
6453:
6441:
6436:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6422:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6390:
6378:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6338:Pacific Ocean
6335:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6308:
6303:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6289:
6288:
6276:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6261:
6260:Daniel Schwen
6257:
6256:
6244:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6209:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6177:
6172:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6126:
6125:and magnesite
6124:
6111:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6087:Petrified log
6077:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6045:
6040:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6026:
6025:
6013:
6008:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5980:
5975:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5948:
5943:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5929:
5928:
5916:
5911:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5900:Markus Bernet
5897:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5846:
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5818:
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5796:
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5770:
5759:
5754:
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5739:
5727:
5722:
5718:
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5712:
5708:
5707:
5695:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5663:
5658:
5654:
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5648:
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5631:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5589:
5585:
5574:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5555:
5552:reflected in
5551:
5540:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5493:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5474:
5472:
5471:Mount Redoubt
5460:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5319:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5283:United States
5280:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5258:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5239:
5237:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5193:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5174:
5169:
5166:which struck
5165:
5162:
5159:, a powerful
5158:
5157:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5112:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5045:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5029:Wing-Chi Poon
5026:
5025:United States
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4965:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4923:is a form of
4922:
4910:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4862:
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4845:
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4836:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4813:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4789:Sarychev Peak
4779:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4747:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4728:
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4710:
4706:
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4700:
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4694:
4682:
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4667:
4663:
4662:
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4618:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4599:
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4577:
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4506:
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4474:
4470:
4469:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4438:
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4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4403:is a type of
4402:
4401:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4379:
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4370:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4339:
4334:
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4322:
4317:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:
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4245:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4162:
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4156:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4115:...that dust
4114:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4080:
4076:
4062:in Greenland?
4061:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4007:... that the
4006:
4003:
4002:lunar surface
4000:stage on the
3999:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3981:... that the
3980:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3963:... that the
3962:
3961:
3957:
3947:Did you know
3936:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3913:polar regions
3910:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3882:precipitation
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3843:
3833:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3761:was near the
3760:
3756:
3752:
3751:seismic scale
3744:
3740:
3739:
3730:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3686:from the icy
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3654:
3650:
3649:microclimates
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3621:Köppen system
3618:
3617:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3524:in southwest
3523:
3520:group of the
3519:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3445:
3427:
3422:
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3407:
3400:
3396:
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3366:
3358:
3334:
3333:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3251:Sierra Nevada
3248:
3244:
3240:
3239:giant sequoia
3236:
3232:
3229:and south to
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3181:
3145:
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3019:
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2999:
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2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2884:which halted
2883:
2882:impact winter
2879:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2863:Earth's crust
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2813:. Most other
2812:
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2797:
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2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2757:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2722:fossil record
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:known as the
2707:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2673:
2672:Trace fossils
2670:, organisms.
2669:
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2196:
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2170:
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2128:
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2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2079:
2078:geoscientists
2074:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2035:Ancient Greek
2032:
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2030:
2024:
2020:
2019:
1987:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:trace fossils
1926:
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1911:
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1735:ocean heating
1732:
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1724:
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1712:
1708:
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1637:
1636:deforestation
1633:
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1497:
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1441:climate model
1438:
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1426:
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1411:
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1306:impact crater
1303:
1302:
1292:
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1263:
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1248:Imaging from
1240:
1222:
1217:
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1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1185:extratropical
1182:
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1161:tropical wave
1158:
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1103:
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1042:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
998:
980:
975:
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969:
964:
959:
956:by President
955:
951:
947:
943:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
915:amphitheaters
912:
908:
904:
898:
877:
876:
868:
855:
850:
845:
844:
839:
835:
831:
830:precipitation
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
760:
756:
752:
751:magnetosphere
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
725:
724:Earth's polar
721:
720:sheets of ice
717:
713:
709:
705:
702:
698:
697:Earth's crust
694:
690:
689:surface water
686:
682:
678:
674:
671:and the only
670:
666:
663:is the third
662:
661:
651:
647:
646:
635:
617:
612:
607:
606:
601:
600:stratovolcano
597:
593:
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577:
573:
569:
565:
558:
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550:
546:
542:
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522:
518:
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510:
509:sedimentation
506:
497:
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488:
475:
470:
465:
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459:
455:
451:
450:Charles Lyell
447:
446:
440:
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409:
408:human history
405:
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397:
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389:
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110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
97:Portal topics
95:
94:
81:
77:
73:
69:
61:
60:reported here
57:
55:
50:
47:
46:RockMagnetist
43:
42:
36:
35:
30:
26:
23:
19:
18:
9355:
9180:
9174:
9145:Did you know
9059:Fleischerite
8997:
8838:Paleontology
8735:WikiProjects
8498:
8429:
8323:
8219:
8211:Volcanoes (
8180:
8156:
8108:Soil science
8092:Oceanography
8041:
8040:
8010:Soil Science
7919:Paleontology
7914:Biogeography
7872:Hydrogeology
7857:Geochemistry
7816:Oceanography
7811:Hydrogeology
7755:Lithosphere
7752:Hydrosphere
7735:
7693:Soil science
7428:
7421:
7378:
7330:
7317:studio album
7242:Polaris Dawn
7240:
7228:
7219:The Guardian
7218:
7209:an explosion
7193:drone attack
7181:
7159:
7092:
7082:
7060:
7050:
7028:
7018:
6996:
6986:
6964:
6948:
6926:
6916:
6894:
6884:
6862:
6852:
6830:
6815:
6793:
6783:
6761:
6735:
6713:
6703:
6681:
6653:
6643:
6621:
6611:
6589:
6586:Expedition 5
6547:
6524:
6514:
6492:
6489:Alchemist-hp
6482:
6460:
6450:
6428:
6387:
6365:
6354:Arctic Ocean
6346:Indian Ocean
6334:archipelagos
6295:
6285:
6263:
6253:
6231:
6196:
6186:
6164:
6156:Pyromorphite
6154:
6132:
6121:Crystalline
6120:
6098:
6086:
6064:
6054:
6032:
6022:
6000:
5997:Mila Zinkova
5989:
5967:
5964:Alchemist-hp
5957:
5935:
5925:
5903:
5852:
5842:
5820:
5810:
5788:
5785:Richard Fabi
5746:
5736:
5714:
5706:Hemimorphite
5704:
5682:
5672:
5650:
5640:
5618:
5561:
5527:
5524:User:Darkone
5480:
5469:
5447:
5412:
5409:Mila Zinkova
5400:
5378:
5328:
5306:
5272:
5269:compass rose
5245:
5234:
5212:
5202:
5180:
5154:
5131:
5121:
5099:
5089:
5067:
5032:
4986:
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4952:
4949:Great Spirit
4921:thunderstorm
4897:
4886:
4864:
4854:
4832:
4822:
4800:
4788:
4766:
4756:
4734:
4724:
4702:
4691:
4669:
4659:
4637:
4627:
4605:
4597:Smoky quartz
4595:
4573:
4564:Thin section
4562:
4540:
4537:Alchemist-hp
4530:
4508:
4498:
4476:
4466:
4444:
4398:
4376:
4368:
4158:
4152:
4143:
4142:...that the
4134:
4125:
4116:
4107:
4100:
4095:
4074:
4057:
4051:
4038:
4021:
4008:
3985:
3973:
3964:
3932:
3928:
3851:
3801:
3769:
3736:
3703:
3680:economically
3614:
3556:
3549:World War II
3541:Aleut people
3512:tectonically
3462:
3413:
3330:
3277:
3141:
3089:
2991:
2941:
2872:and his son
2870:Luis Alvarez
2861:than in the
2827:crocodilians
2787:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2730:
2706:biodiversity
2645:
2641:
2594:
2560:
2539:, the first
2533:mountain men
2508:Old Faithful
2500:its wildlife
2465:
2417:
2380:Ice drilling
2378:
2344:
2299:Solar System
2295:solar nebula
2287:stratigraphy
2272:
2238:
2188:
2182:on October 2
2138:
2137:formation. (
2096:
2093:upper mantle
2067:
2048:
2045:
2038:
2026:
2016:
1960:
1953:type section
1912:evidence of
1793:
1746:
1640:agricultural
1624:fossil fuels
1603:
1597:
1551:
1524:
1496:Bou'in-Zahra
1487:
1483:
1477:
1444:
1391:
1357:
1271:
1208:
1110:
1060:
966:
925:, formed by
873:
841:
685:Solar System
658:
643:
603:
596:Mount Tehama
592:lava plateau
492:Mount Tehama
461:
444:
299:
289:
231:
195:
189:
188:
52:
44: by
38:
28:
9596:All portals
9322:Wikiversity
9143:Add to the
9119:Johnbaumite
8880:Meteorology
8782:Earthquakes
8422:Geography (
8325:Mary Anning
8034:Categories
7976:Cartography
7887:Volcanology
7773:Meteorology
7768:Climatology
7749:Atmosphere
7313:Linkin Park
7252:returns to
7205:Tver Oblast
7172:In the news
7144:false-color
7025:JJ Harrison
6959:(edited by
6859:JJ Harrison
6825:(edited by
6756:. (Credit:
6618:JJ Harrison
6574:earthquakes
6452:Blairmorite
6360:. (Credit:
6188:Desert rose
6061:JJ Harrison
6029:JJ Harrison
5932:JJ Harrison
5898:. (Credit:
5896:Switzerland
5849:JJ Harrison
5743:JJ Harrison
5613:. (Credit:
5554:Mirror Lake
5442:. (Credit:
5301:. (Credit:
5209:JJ Harrison
5128:JJ Harrison
4941:Thunderbird
4731:JJ Harrison
4634:JJ Harrison
4602:JJ Harrison
4532:Cassiterite
4505:JJ Harrison
4468:Concretions
4429:correlation
3925:New Zealand
3890:cloud cover
3878:subtropical
3770:Very strong
3696:South India
3692:North India
3668:Thar Desert
3639:, touching
3633:subtropical
3587:Uttarakhand
3585:A scene in
3518:Rat Islands
3134:Tunnel View
3086:cephalopods
3068:, known as
3054:ichthyosaur
2993:Mary Anning
2849:called the
2823:sea turtles
2819:ectothermic
2640:; formerly
2411:, used for
2325:water vapor
2123:earthquakes
2064:lithosphere
2033:, from
1999:Convergent:
1906:Phanerozoic
1902:Precambrian
1895:Proterozoic
1723:coral reefs
1638:, and some
1580:Changes in
1529:aftershocks
1398:core sample
1298:cheek-shoo-
1205:storm surge
1181:Connecticut
1177:Long Island
1173:Outer Banks
1145:Long Island
1127:during the
950:homesteaded
814:atmospheric
786:Water vapor
755:solar winds
731:groundwater
701:continental
681:ocean world
677:harbor life
572:Mount Maidu
286: 1854
224:lithosphere
208:hydrosphere
127:Mathematics
74:, and seek
33:(June 2018)
9590:Categories
9342:Wiktionary
9302:Wikisource
9084:Berzeliite
9074:Menezesite
8431:Antarctica
8116:Speleology
8100:Palynology
8076:Glaciology
8072:Geophysics
8015:Edaphology
7991:Geophysics
7924:Palynology
7900:Biosphere
7892:Speleology
7877:Mineralogy
7799:Glaciology
7715:Speleology
7660:Palynology
7528:Cryosphere
7499:Chronology
7408:heat index
7369:local time
7311:rock band
7287:New Mexico
7258:(BBC News)
7237:spacecraft
7142:. In this
7134:(circular
7124:Mauritania
7120:depression
6923:Moondigger
6785:Vanadinite
6754:turbulence
6746:snowflakes
6560:island of
6549:Mount Etna
6352:, and the
6330:continents
6326:salt water
6095:Moondigger
5888:Einsiedeln
5584:Erg Chebbi
5550:Mount Hood
5514:island of
5504:Mount Etna
5367:liverworts
5343:South Pole
5330:Antarctica
5279:California
5168:Madagascar
5161:Category 5
5060:atmosphere
4943:, held by
4927:involving
4856:Stellerite
4136:atmosphere
4101:(pictured)
4094:...that a
4028:peridotite
3929:ice sheets
3909:ice sheets
3902:ice sheets
3676:culturally
3508:Amchixtax̂
3247:wilderness
3199:California
3066:coprolites
3058:plesiosaur
3022:Lyme Regis
2983:Golden Cap
2934:food chain
2831:Cretaceous
2790:, was the
2788:extinction
2714:body plans
2698:Cryogenian
2396:detection.
2389:ice sheets
2322:Condensing
2318:Outgassing
2219:category 2
2211:wind shear
2106:convergent
2049:tektonikós
2042:τεκτονικός
2029:tectonicus
2021:(from
2006:Transform:
1992:Divergent:
1937:Reg Sprigg
1883:Cryogenian
1727:the Arctic
1699:permafrost
1687:heat waves
1644:industrial
1626:since the
1602:describes
1427:, and the
1412:with hand
1102:Hispaniola
770:meteoroids
764:Earth has
716:vegetation
704:landmasses
578:and later
568:Mount Yana
553:Washington
545:California
541:subducting
507:record of
505:geological
364:naturalist
216:atmosphere
212:cryosphere
196:geoscience
157:Technology
142:Philosophy
102:Activities
41:maintained
9282:Wikiquote
9222:Wikibooks
9089:Sartorite
9039:Strunzite
8927:Geography
8913:Volcanoes
8824:Mountains
8435:Australia
8401:Oil shale
8345:Calabozos
8265:Mauna Loa
8261:Mauna Kea
8237:Calabozos
8088:Limnology
8084:Hydrology
8060:Geography
8005:Surveying
7950:Geography
7882:Petrology
7862:Geography
7804:Limnology
7794:Hydrology
7594:Geography
7412:dew point
7400:Dayrestan
7207:, causes
7190:Ukrainian
7158:.) (from
7156:Landsat 7
7152:sediments
7136:anticline
7128:meteorite
7052:Wulfenite
6988:Celestine
6918:Sandstone
6886:Acanthite
6760:.) (from
6705:Atacamite
6676:(Credit:
6484:Mohawkite
6427:.) (from
6410:August 29
6402:hurricane
6364:.) (from
6287:Cerussite
6228:Irish Sea
6056:Aragonite
5902:.) (from
5844:Malachite
5787:.) (from
5674:Wulfenite
5617:.) (from
5526:.) (from
5446:.) (from
5444:Nilfanion
5377:.) (from
5345:, is the
5335:continent
5305:.) (from
5179:.) (from
5066:.) (from
4929:lightning
4887:Volcanic
4726:Dundasite
4695:particles
4443:.) (from
4326:Volcanoes
4290:Tornadoes
4194:Geography
4109:tornadoes
4059:Scaphites
4045:biosphere
4037:... that
3992:shockwave
3972:... that
3772:) on the
3759:epicenter
3672:Himalayas
3660:geography
3629:Himalayan
3078:belemnite
3062:pterosaur
3045:Blue Lias
2918:peak ring
2859:asteroids
2841:. In the
2815:tetrapods
2811:dinosaurs
2700:period's
2654:Ediacaran
2650:taxonomic
2596:Ediacaran
2526:ecoregion
2519:subalpine
2490:with the
2409:ice cores
2306:volcanism
2231:Louisiana
2223:landfalls
2213:south of
2195:hurricane
2118:transform
2112:divergent
1795:Ediacaran
1719:mountains
1691:wildfires
1523:of VIII (
1492:epicenter
1437:heat flow
1435:. Since
1402:ice sheet
1334:peak ring
1262:sinkholes
1117:hurricane
743:volcanoes
675:known to
667:from the
650:Apollo 17
586:flows of
580:andesitic
443:HMS
392:evolution
372:biologist
368:geologist
220:geosphere
204:biosphere
112:Geography
76:consensus
68:take care
39:manually
9262:Wikinews
9242:Wikidata
9150:Add new
9109:Cernyite
9099:Colusite
9094:Sorosite
8901:See also
8810:Glaciers
8229:Amchitka
8114: •
8110: •
8106: •
8102: •
8098: •
8094: •
8090: •
8086: •
8082: •
8078: •
8074: •
8070: •
8066: •
8062: •
8058: •
8054: •
8050: •
8046: •
8020:Pedology
7903:Systems
7357:fireball
7344:asteroid
7309:American
7279:uncrewed
7213:evacuate
7201:Toropets
7111:Image 75
7079:Image 74
7047:Image 73
7015:Image 72
6983:Image 71
6963:) (from
6945:Image 70
6913:Image 69
6881:Image 68
6849:Image 67
6829:) (from
6812:Image 66
6780:Image 65
6732:Image 64
6700:Image 63
6672:Image 62
6645:Aegirine
6640:Image 61
6613:Amethyst
6608:Image 60
6543:Image 59
6511:Image 58
6479:Image 57
6459:) (from
6447:Image 56
6398:landfall
6384:Image 55
6314:Image 54
6282:Image 53
6250:Image 52
6215:Image 51
6183:Image 50
6151:Image 49
6123:dolomite
6117:Image 48
6083:Image 47
6051:Image 46
6019:Image 45
5986:Image 44
5959:Platinum
5954:Image 43
5922:Image 42
5871:Image 41
5839:Image 40
5807:Image 39
5781:latitude
5765:Image 38
5733:Image 37
5701:Image 36
5669:Image 35
5637:Image 34
5611:Merzouga
5592:عرج شبّي
5580:Image 33
5546:Image 32
5499:Image 31
5479:) (from
5473:eruption
5466:Image 30
5431:Image 29
5397:Image 28
5365:, 25-30
5325:Image 27
5264:Image 26
5231:Image 25
5204:Crocoite
5199:Image 24
5150:Image 23
5123:Creedite
5118:Image 22
5091:Mimetite
5086:Image 21
5051:Image 20
5005:Image 19
4971:Image 18
4916:Image 17
4883:Image 16
4851:Image 15
4819:Image 14
4785:Image 13
4753:Image 12
4721:Image 11
4688:Image 10
4661:Prehnite
4570:Kallerna
4500:Cinnabar
4431:between
4421:Himalaya
4314:Tsunamis
4230:Minerals
4157:–
3874:tropical
3870:the Alps
3821:Image 25
3794:Illinois
3782:Missouri
3723:Image 24
3658:India's
3637:Srinagar
3605:and the
3603:Zanskars
3599:windward
3576:Image 23
3464:Amchitka
3454:Cannikin
3433:Image 22
3406:volcanic
3320:geyser,
3318:Strokkur
3297:Image 21
3270:glaciers
3266:uplifted
3223:Mariposa
3219:Tuolumne
3215:counties
3109:Image 20
3082:ink sacs
3036:and the
3010:Jurassic
2961:Image 19
2894:plankton
2847:sediment
2839:Cenozoic
2835:Mesozoic
2750:Image 18
2726:Cambrian
2656:Period (
2580:Image 17
2437:Image 16
2394:neutrino
2385:glaciers
2364:Image 15
2258:Image 14
2158:Image 13
1980:Image 12
1945:namesake
1927:, where
1891:Cambrian
1863:-ər-ən,
1766:Image 11
1685:, while
1660:sunlight
1656:radiates
1622:burning
1571:Image 10
1421:isotopes
1393:ice core
1354:tektites
1326:asteroid
1324:when an
1304:) is an
1203:reduced
834:nitrogen
778:nitrogen
576:Basaltic
281:Darwin,
147:Religion
54:subpages
9358:portals
9202:Commons
9008:sandbox
9004:editing
8969:Science
8796:Geology
8561:Geology
8424:More...
8397:Iridium
8329:Archaea
8316:More...
8293:Surtsey
8213:More...
8173:More...
8149:More...
8118:
8064:Geology
8052:Ecology
8001:Geodesy
7906:Others
7852:Geology
7605:Geology
7371:), the
7367:(00:40
7349:2024 RW
7239:of the
7197:Russian
7148:bedrock
7146:photo,
7140:erosion
6961:Veledan
6578:Ashfall
6558:Italian
6556:on the
6554:volcano
6457:Bammesk
6220:Ireland
5927:Azurite
5890:in the
5880:Sihlsee
5876:meadows
5773:seasons
5603:Morocco
5596:Saharan
5512:Italian
5510:on the
5508:volcano
5359:lichens
5236:Erosion
5015:in the
5013:granite
4937:Jupiter
4933:thunder
4894:Godot13
4824:Azurite
4656:Image 9
4624:Image 8
4592:Image 7
4559:Image 6
4527:Image 5
4495:Image 4
4463:Image 3
4413:glacier
4409:ablates
4395:Image 2
4365:Image 1
4266:Science
4254:Physics
4182:Geology
4154:Archive
3790:Indiana
3741:struck
3664:geology
3653:monsoon
3393:) is a
3322:Iceland
3262:granite
3258:geology
3193:) is a
3190:-ih-tee
3012:marine
2930:aerosol
2922:granite
2904:in the
2855:iridium
2803:species
2724:of the
2718:animals
2668:sessile
2642:Vendian
2480:Montana
2476:Wyoming
2403:in the
2197:of the
1874:of the
1870:) is a
1544:masonry
1486:or the
1464:Image 9
1410:drilled
1406:glacier
1377:Image 8
1258:cenotes
1228:Image 7
1194:issued
1123:and in
1080:Image 6
1053:Pamatan
1049:Sumbawa
1030:caldera
1014:volcano
986:Image 5
923:hoodoos
901:) is a
861:Image 4
727:deserts
623:Image 3
584:dacitic
527:in the
481:Image 2
261:Image 1
152:Society
122:History
107:Culture
66:Please
7269:Boeing
7250:SpaceX
7132:uplift
7091:(from
7084:Sulfur
7059:(from
7027:(from
6995:(from
6925:(from
6893:(from
6861:(from
6792:(from
6712:(from
6652:(from
6620:(from
6562:Sicily
6523:(from
6491:(from
6348:, the
6344:, the
6340:, the
6318:Oceans
6294:(from
6262:(from
6195:(from
6163:(from
6131:(from
6097:(from
6063:(from
6031:(from
6024:Pyrite
5999:(from
5966:(from
5934:(from
5851:(from
5819:(from
5769:Winter
5745:(from
5738:Quartz
5713:(from
5681:(from
5649:(from
5607:Erfoud
5588:Arabic
5558:Oregon
5516:Sicily
5411:(from
5363:mosses
5361:, 100
5333:, the
5244:(from
5211:(from
5130:(from
5098:(from
4985:(from
4896:(from
4889:tephra
4863:(from
4831:(from
4799:(from
4765:(from
4758:Baryte
4733:(from
4701:(from
4668:(from
4636:(from
4629:Gypsum
4604:(from
4572:(from
4539:(from
4507:(from
4475:(from
4439:&
4425:debris
4417:Bhutan
4242:Oceans
4118:storms
3888:, and
3780:, and
3526:Alaska
3395:spring
3332:geyser
3231:Madera
3074:faeces
3070:bezoar
3026:Dorset
3014:fossil
3004:, and
3002:dealer
2926:gypsum
2890:plants
2874:Walter
2800:animal
2517:, the
2515:biomes
2511:geyser
2329:comets
2133:, and
2080:after
2009:
2002:
1995:
1951:, the
1910:fossil
1725:, and
1586:Arctic
1540:Tehran
1525:Severe
1508:faults
1414:augers
1352:, and
1254:STS-99
1018:Lombok
948:, who
911:canyon
782:oxygen
665:planet
564:lahars
549:Oregon
494:. See
445:Beagle
370:, and
218:, and
137:People
132:Nature
117:Health
9147:list.
8754:Caves
8361:Earth
7477:Earth
7394:near
7373:ninth
7361:Luzon
7299:(CNN)
7276:Earth
7254:Earth
7195:on a
7118:is a
7089:Iifar
7087:, by
7055:, by
7023:, by
6993:Iifar
6991:, by
6921:, by
6891:Iifar
6889:, by
6857:, by
6821:, by
6818:amber
6790:Iifar
6788:, by
6710:Iifar
6708:, by
6650:Iifar
6648:, by
6616:, by
6582:Libya
6521:Iifar
6519:, by
6487:, by
6322:Earth
6292:Iifar
6290:, by
6258:, by
6191:, by
6161:Iifar
6159:, by
6127:, by
6093:, by
6059:, by
6027:, by
5995:, by
5962:, by
5930:, by
5886:near
5882:, an
5847:, by
5815:, by
5741:, by
5711:Iifar
5709:, by
5679:Iifar
5677:, by
5647:Iifar
5645:, by
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