Pope - Knowledge

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ministry; hence their names are said to be written in the foundations of the new Jerusalem, Revelation 21:14... First, Some by this rock understand Peter himself as an apostle, the chief, though not the prince, of the twelve, senior among them, but not superior over them. The church is built upon the foundation of the apostles, Ephesians 2:20. The first stones of that building were laid in and by their ministry; hence their names are said to be written in the foundations of the new Jerusalem, Revelation 21:14. ... Thirdly, Others by this rock understand this confession which Peter made of Christ, and this comes all to one with understanding it of Christ himself. It was a good confession which Peter witnessed, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God; the rest concurred with him in it. "Now", saith Christ, "this is that great truth upon which I will build my church." 1. Take away this truth itself, and the universal church falls to the ground. If Christ be not the Son of God, Christianity is a cheat, and the church is a mere chimera; our preaching is vain, your faith is vain, and you are yet in your sins, 1 Corinthians 15:14–17. If Jesus be not the Christ, those that own him are not of the church, but deceivers and deceived. 2. Take away the faith and confession of this truth from any particular church, and it ceases to be a part of Christ's church, and relapses to the state and character of infidelity. This is articulus stantis et cadentis ecclesia – that article, with the admission or the denial of which the church either rises or falls; "the main hinge on which the door of salvation turns;" those who let go this, do not hold the foundation; and though they may call themselves Christians, they give themselves the lie; for the church is a sacred society, incorporated upon the certainty and assurance of this great truth; and great it is, and has prevailed.

8152:, Oxford University Press, quote: "Towards the latter part of the 1st century, Rome's presiding cleric, named Clement, wrote on behalf of his church to remonstrate with the Corinthian Christians who had ejected clergy without either financial or charismatic endowment in favor of a fresh lot; Clement apologized not for intervening but for not having acted sooner. Moreover, during the 2nd century the Roman community's leadership was evident in its generous alms to poorer churches. About 165, they erected monuments to their martyred apostles, to Peter in a necropolis on the Vatican Hill, to Paul on the road to Ostia, at the traditional sites of their burial. Roman bishops were already conscious of being custodians of the authentic tradition of true interpretation of the apostolic writings. In the conflict with Gnosticism Rome played a decisive role, and likewise in the deep division in Asia Minor created by the claims of the Montanist prophets." 4215: 5779: 2873: 9408:

And it is certain, that as he is spoken of in Scripture, as the only foundation of the Church, so this is that which the apostles and evangelists laid in their preaching. It is in respect of laying this, that the names of the twelve apostles (not of St. Peter only) were equally inscribed on the twelve foundations of the city of God, Revelation 21:14. The gates of here – As gates and walls were the strength of cities, and as courts of judicature were held in their gates, this phrase properly signifies the power and policy of Satan and his instruments. Shall not prevail against it – Not against the Church universal, so as to destroy it. And they never did. There hath been a small remnant in all ages.

3054:, a special urn was used for this purpose instead of a chalice and plate. The plate is then used to drop the ballot into the chalice, making it difficult for electors to insert multiple ballots. Before being read, the ballots are counted while still folded; if the number of ballots does not match the number of electors, the ballots are burned unopened and a new vote is held. Otherwise, each ballot is read aloud by the presiding Cardinal, who pierces the ballot with a needle and thread, stringing all the ballots together and tying the ends of the thread to ensure accuracy and honesty. Balloting continues until someone is elected by a two-thirds majority. (With the promulgation of 4251:

revealed: that the Roman Pontiff, when he speaks ex cathedra, that is, when carrying out the duty of the pastor and teacher of all Christians by his supreme apostolic authority he defines a doctrine of faith or morals to be held by the universal Church, through the divine assistance promised him in blessed Peter, operates with that infallibility with which the divine Redeemer wished that His church be instructed in defining doctrine on faith and morals; and so such definitions of the Roman Pontiff from himself, but not from the consensus of the Church, are unalterable. But if anyone presumes to contradict this definition of Ours, which may God forbid: let him be anathema.

3449:, in Italian and Latin. Currently, after a new pope is elected and accepts the election, he is asked, "By what name shall you be called?" The new pope chooses the name by which he will be known from that point on. The senior cardinal deacon, or cardinal protodeacon, then appears on the balcony of Saint Peter's to proclaim the new pope by his birth name, and announce his papal name in Latin. It's customary when referring to popes to translate the regnal name into all local languages. For example, the current pope bears the papal name Papa Franciscus in Latin and Papa Francesco in Italian, but Papa Francisco in his native Spanish, Pope Francis in English, etc. 2966: 4305:, enjoys in virtue of his office, when, as the supreme shepherd and teacher of all the faithful, who confirms his brethren in their faith, by a definitive act he proclaims a doctrine of faith or morals. And therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, since they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, promised to him in blessed Peter, and therefore they need no approval of others, nor do they allow an appeal to any other judgment. For then the Roman Pontiff is not pronouncing judgment as a private person, but as the supreme teacher of the universal Church, in whom the 23218: 20587: 19438: 16233: 5723: 6503:(formerly called the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith), whose red cardinal's cassock gave him the name of the "Red Pope" in view of the authority over all territories that were not considered in some way Catholic. In the present time this cardinal has power over mission territories for Catholicism, essentially the Churches of Africa and Asia, but in the past his competence extended also to all lands where Protestants or Eastern Christianity was dominant. Some remnants of this situation remain, with the result that, for instance, New Zealand is still in the care of this Congregation. 2579:...the Church which is beloved and enlightened by the will of Him that wills all things which are according to the love of Jesus Christ our God, which also presides in the place of the region of the Romans, worthy of God, worthy of honour, worthy of the highest happiness, worthy of praise, worthy of obtaining her every desire, worthy of being deemed holy, and which presides over love, is named from Christ, and from the Father, which I also salute in the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father: to those who are united, both according to the flesh and spirit, to every one of His commandments; 4296:

of the Holy Spirit illustrate that faith. They bring forth from the treasury of Revelation new things and old, making it bear fruit and vigilantly warding off any errors that threaten their flock. Bishops, teaching in communion with the Roman Pontiff, are to be respected by all as witnesses to divine and Catholic truth. In matters of faith and morals, the bishops speak in the name of Christ and the faithful are to accept their teaching and adhere to it with a religious assent. This religious submission of mind and will must be shown in a special way to the authentic

95: 23206: 3953: 7020:"From an historical perspective, there is no conclusive documentary evidence from the first century or the early decades of the second century of the exercise of, or even the claim to, a primacy of the Roman bishop or to a connection with Peter, although documents from this period accord the church at Rome some kind of pre‑eminence"; and "The see of Rome, whose prominence was associated with the deaths of Peter and Paul, became the principal center in matters concerning the universal Church". The same writer quotes with approval the words of 3050:, i.e., with key, until they elect a new pope). Three cardinals are chosen by lot to collect the votes of absent cardinal electors (by reason of illness), three are chosen by lot to count the votes, and three are chosen by lot to review the count of the votes. The ballots are distributed and each cardinal elector writes the name of his choice on it and pledges aloud that he is voting for "one whom under God I think ought to be elected" before folding and depositing his vote on a plate atop a large chalice placed on the altar. For the 4331: 3654: 110: 3023: 4117:, with the arms of the Holy See (blazoned: "Gules, two keys in saltire or and argent, interlacing in the rings or, beneath a tiara argent, crowned or") on the right-hand side (the "fly") in the white half of the flag (the left-hand side—the "hoist"—is yellow). The pope's escucheon does not appear on the flag. This flag was first adopted in 1808, whereas the previous flag had been red and gold. Although Pope Benedict XVI replaced the triregnum with a mitre on his personal coat of arms, it has been retained on the flag. 5885: 296: 6194:, to have Pope Benedict XVI arrested and prosecuted in the UK for alleged offences, dating from several decades before, in failing to take appropriate action regarding Catholic sex abuse cases and concerning their disputing his immunity from prosecution in that country. This was generally dismissed as "unrealistic and spurious". Another barrister said that it was a "matter of embarrassment that a senior British lawyer would want to allow himself to be associated with such a silly idea". 3936: 3272: 3391: 337: 4054: 4170: 21363: 18328: 15296: 3977:("Pope"). Popes who have an ordinal numeral in their name traditionally place the abbreviation "PP." before the ordinal numeral, as in "Benedictus PP. XVI" (Pope Benedict XVI), except in papal bulls of canonization and decrees of ecumenical councils, which a pope signs with the formula, "Ego N. Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae", without the numeral, as in "Ego Benedictus Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae" (I, Benedict, Bishop of the Catholic Church). 364: 15308: 3074: 2177: 23179: 22151: 20599: 19450: 18317: 16245: 6356: 5735: 1256: 6371: 4301:

from the character of the documents, from his frequent repetition of the same doctrine, or from his manner of speaking. ... this infallibility with which the Divine Redeemer willed His Church to be endowed in defining doctrine of faith and morals, extends as far as the deposit of Revelation extends, which must be religiously guarded and faithfully expounded. And this is the infallibility which the Roman Pontiff, the head of the

1918: 5959: 2479:, that is to say, the position of Peter and the office of the bishop's chair, was vacant. But the position once has been filled by the will of God and that appointment has been ratified by the consent of us all, if anyone wants to be made bishop after that, it has to be done outside the church; if a man does not uphold the unity of the Church's unity, it is not possible for him to have the Church's ordination. 6257:, etc.) accept the doctrine of Apostolic succession and, to varying extents, papal claims to a primacy of honour, while generally rejecting the pope as the successor to Peter in any other sense than that of other bishops. Primacy is regarded as a consequence of the pope's position as bishop of the original capital city of the Roman Empire, a definition explicitly spelled out in the 28th canon of the 6207: 6600: 6033:, a formidable general and statesman, were not afraid to use power to achieve their own ends, which included increasing the power of the papacy. This political and temporal authority was demonstrated through the papal role in the Holy Roman Empire (especially prominent during periods of contention with the emperors, such as during the pontificates of Pope Gregory VII and Pope Alexander III). 3568:). While it is only one of the terms with which the pope is referred to as "vicar", it is "more expressive of his supreme headship of the Church on Earth, which he bears in virtue of the commission of Christ and with vicarial power derived from him", a vicarial power believed to have been conferred on Saint Peter when Christ said to him: "Feed my lambs...Feed my sheep". 6699: 7303:. Although Faus is deeply critical of the temporal power of the popes ("Once again this highlights one of the greatest drawbacks of the political status of Peter's successors" – p. 64), he also admits a positive secular role on the part of the popes ("We cannot deny that papal interventions of this kind prevented more than one war in Europe" – p. 65). 4318:), put out a Declaration, stating that the intention of Vatican II to balance authority in the Church has not been realized. "Many of the key insights of Vatican II have not at all, or only partially, been implemented... A principal source of present-day stagnation lies in misunderstanding and abuse affecting the exercise of authority in our Church." 9366:

made such a glorious confession of; and who was prefigured by the rock the Israelites drank water out of in the wilderness; and is comparable to any rock for height, shelter, strength, firmness, and duration; and is the one and only foundation of his church and people, and on whom their security, salvation, and happiness entirely depend.

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Church spread over the whole world; or, that he possesses only the more important parts, but not the whole plenitude of this supreme power; or that this power of his is not ordinary and immediate, or over the churches altogether and individually, and over the pastors and the faithful altogether and individually: let him be anathema.

1511:, eventually rivalling those of territorial rulers. In recent centuries, the temporal authority of the papacy has declined and the office is now largely focused on religious matters. By contrast, papal claims of spiritual authority have been increasingly firmly expressed over time, culminating in 1870 with the proclamation of the 2245:. The concept that a monetary fine or donation accompanied contrition, confession, and prayer eventually gave way to the common assumption that indulgences depended on a simple monetary contribution. The popes condemned misunderstandings and abuses, but were too pressed for income to exercise effective control over indulgences. 2984:

80 on the day before the death or resignation of a pope. The pope does not need to be a cardinal elector or indeed a cardinal; since the pope is the bishop of Rome, only those who can be ordained a bishop can be elected, which means that any male baptized Catholic is eligible. The last to be elected when not yet a bishop was

4097:: "two keys in saltire or and argent, interlacing in the rings or, beneath a tiara argent, crowned or". The 21st century has seen departures from this tradition. In 2005, Pope Benedict XVI, while maintaining the crossed keys behind the shield, omitted the papal tiara from his personal coat of arms, replacing it with a 7011:"Continuing in that same undertaking, this Council is resolved to declare and proclaim before all men the doctrine concerning bishops, the successors of the apostles, who together with the successor of Peter, the Vicar of Christ, the visible Head of the whole Church, govern the house of the living God." 5977:

in the 4th century did not confer upon bishops civil authority within the state, the gradual withdrawal of imperial authority during the 5th century left the pope the senior imperial civilian official in Rome, as bishops were increasingly directing civil affairs in other cities of the Western Empire.

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Since, moreover, you are close upon Italy, you have Rome, from which there comes even into our own hands the very authority (of apostles themselves). How happy is its church, on which apostles poured forth all their doctrine along with their blood! Where Peter endures a passion like his Lord's! Where

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The writings of several Early Church fathers contain references to the authority and unique position held by the bishops of Rome, providing valuable insight into the recognition and significance of the papacy during the early Christian era. These sources attest to the acknowledgement of the bishop of

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Documents of the 1st century and early second century indicate that the bishop of Rome had some kind of pre-eminence and prominence in the Church as a whole, as even a letter from the bishop, or patriarch, of Antioch acknowledged the bishop of Rome as "a first among equals", though the detail of what

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Though open to historical debate, first-century Christian communities may have had a group of presbyter-bishops functioning as guides of their local churches. Gradually, episcopal sees were established in metropolitan areas. Antioch may have developed such a structure before Rome. In Rome, there were

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On this rock – Alluding to his name, which signifies a rock, namely, the faith which thou hast now professed; I will build my Church – But perhaps when our Lord uttered these words, he pointed to himself, in like manner as when he said, Destroy this temple, John 2:19; meaning the temple of his body.

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occupies an eminent place. For bishops are preachers of the faith, who lead new disciples to Christ, and they are authentic teachers, that is, teachers endowed with the authority of Christ, who preach to the people committed to them the faith they must believe and put into practice, and by the light

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We, adhering faithfully to the tradition received from the beginning of the Christian faith, to the glory of God, our Saviour, the elevation of the Catholic religion and the salvation of Christian peoples, with the approbation of the sacred Council, teach and explain that the dogma has been divinely

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is collectively responsible for the government of the Church and of the Vatican itself, under the direction of the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church. Canon law specifically forbids the cardinals from introducing any innovation in the government of the Church during the vacancy of the Holy See. Any

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One of the most prominent aspects of the papal election process is the means by which the results of a ballot are announced to the world. Once the ballots are counted and bound together, they are burned in a special stove erected in the Sistine Chapel, with the smoke escaping through a small chimney

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by the rock, is meant, either the confession of faith made by Peter; not the act, nor form, but the matter of it, it containing the prime articles of Christianity, and which are as immoveable as a rock; or rather Christ himself, who points, as it were, with his finger to himself, and whom Peter had

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of infallibility of the Church itself is individually present, he is expounding or defending a doctrine of Catholic faith. The infallibility promised to the Church resides also in the body of Bishops, when that body exercises the supreme magisterium with the successor of Peter. To these definitions

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The pope was originally chosen by those senior clergymen resident in and near Rome. In 1059, the electorate was restricted to the cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, and the individual votes of all cardinal electors were made equal in 1179. The electors are now limited to those who have not reached

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Both sides agree that this canonical taxis was recognised by all in the era of the undivided Church. Further, they agree that Rome, as the Church that “presides in love” according to the phrase of St. Ignatius of Antioch (To the Romans, Prologue), occupied the first place in the taxis, and that the

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of the Roman Pontiff, even when he is not speaking ex cathedra; that is, it must be shown so that his supreme magisterium is acknowledged with reverence, the judgments made by him are sincerely adhered to, according to his manifest mind and will. His mind and will in the matter may be known either

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makes a clear distinction between apostles and bishops, presenting the latter as the successors of the former, with the pope as successor of Peter, in that he is head of the bishops as Peter was head of the apostles. Some historians argue against the notion that Peter was the first bishop of Rome,

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International law treats the Holy See, essentially the central government of the Catholic Church, as the juridical equal of a state. It is distinct from the state of Vatican City, existing for many centuries before the foundation of the latter. (It is common for publications and news media to use

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If anyone thus speaks, that the Roman pontiff has only the office of inspection or direction, but not the full and supreme power of jurisdiction over the universal Church, not only in things which pertain to faith and morals, but also in those which pertain to the discipline and government of the

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It is readily answered by the Papists, that "Peter was the rock." But let them tell me why Matthew used not the same word in Greek, if our Saviour used the same word in Syriac. If he had intimated that the church should be built upon Peter, it had been plainer and more agreeable to be the vulgar

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This title "vicar of Christ" is thus not used of the pope alone and has been used of all bishops since the early centuries. The Second Vatican Council referred to all bishops as "vicars and ambassadors of Christ", and this description of the bishops was repeated by John Paul II in his encyclical

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For if the lineal succession of bishops is to be taken into account, with how much more certainty and benefit to the Church do we reckon back till we reach Peter himself, to whom, as bearing in a figure the whole Church, the Lord said: Upon this rock will I build my Church, and the gates of hell

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Cornelius was made bishop by the choice of God and of His Christ, by the favorable witness of almost all the clergy, by the votes of the people who were present, and by the assembly of ancient priests and good men. And he was made bishop when no one else had been made bishop before him when the

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of 1976, which, while recognizing the basic immunity of foreign governments from being sued in American courts, lays down nine exceptions, including commercial activity and actions in the United States by agents or employees of the foreign governments. It was in relation to the latter that, in

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First, Some by this rock understand Peter himself as an apostle, the chief, though not the prince, of the twelve, senior among them, but not superior over them. The church is built upon the foundation of the apostles, Ephesians 2:20. The first stones of that building were laid in and by their

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If anyone says that it is not from the institution of Christ the Lord Himself, or by divine right that the blessed Peter has perpetual successors in the primacy over the universal Church, or that the Roman Pontiff is not the successor of blessed Peter in the same primacy, let him be anathema.

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in 642, and was only used occasionally. Indeed, it did not begin to appear in the pontifical yearbook until 1863. On 22 March 2006, the Vatican released a statement explaining this omission on the grounds of expressing a "historical and theological reality" and of "being useful to ecumenical

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Historically, Protestants objected to the papacy's claim of temporal power over all secular governments, including territorial claims in Italy, the papacy's complex relationship with secular states such as the Roman and Byzantine empires, and the autocratic character of the papal office. In

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denominations of Christianity reject the claims of Petrine primacy of honour, Petrine primacy of jurisdiction, and papal infallibility. These denominations vary from rejecting the legitimacy of the pope's claim to authority, to believing that the pope is the Antichrist from 1 John 2:18, the

1954:) administered the church with strict reform. From an ancient senatorial family, Gregory worked with the stern judgement and discipline typical of ancient Roman rule. Theologically, he represents the shift from the classical to the medieval outlook; his popular writings are full of dramatic 1728:

were used interchangeably, with the consensus among scholars being that by the turn of the 1st and 2nd centuries, local congregations were led by bishops and presbyters, whose duties of office overlapped or were indistinguishable from one another. Some say that there was probably "no single

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In the earlier centuries of Christianity, the title "Pope", meaning "father", had been used by all bishops. Some popes used the term and others did not. Eventually, the title became associated especially with the bishop of Rome. In a few cases, the term is used for other Christian clerical

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of the bishop of Rome (including the Roman Curia); the pope's various honours, powers, and privileges within the Catholic Church and the international community derive from his Episcopate of Rome in lineal succession from the Saint Peter, one of the twelve apostles. Consequently, Rome has

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In recent centuries, when a pope was judged to have died, it was reportedly traditional for the cardinal camerlengo to confirm the death ceremonially by gently tapping the pope's head thrice with a silver hammer, calling his birth name each time. This was not done on the deaths of popes

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bishop of Rome was therefore the protos among the patriarchs. They disagree, however, on the interpretation of the historical evidence from this era regarding the prerogatives of the bishop of Rome as protos, a matter that was already understood in different ways in the first millennium.

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as a sign of communion with the See of Rome. Although the tiara was omitted in the pope's personal coat of arms, the coat of arms of the Holy See, which includes the tiara, remained unaltered. In 2013, Pope Francis maintained the mitre that replaced the tiara, but omitted the pallium.

1668:, who wrote around 180 AD, reflect a belief that Peter "founded and organized" the Church at Rome. Moreover, Irenaeus was not the first to write of Peter's presence in the early Roman Church. The Church of Rome wrote in a letter to the Corinthians (which is traditionally attributed to 6154:

for the Holy See.) Most countries of the world maintain the same form of diplomatic relations with the Holy See that they entertain with other states. Even countries without those diplomatic relations participate in international organizations of which the Holy See is a full member.

8207:"Let the ancient customs in Egypt, Libya and Pentapolis prevail, that the Bishop of Alexandria has jurisdiction over them all, since a similar arrangement is the custom for the Bishop of Rome. Likewise let the churches in Antioch and the other provinces retain their privileges" ( 6709:

There have been a number of popes whose reign lasted about a month or less. In the following list the number of calendar days includes partial days. Thus, for example, if a pope's reign commenced on 1 August and he died on 2 August, this counts as reigning for two calendar days.

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I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in

2835:" in the first of these texts. Some Protestant writers have maintained that the "rock" that Jesus speaks of in this text is Jesus himself or the faith expressed by Peter. This idea is undermined by the Biblical usage of "Cephas", which is the masculine form of "rock" in 3896:, as solemnly proclaimed by the Second Vatican Council. "Patriarch of the West" was reintroduced to the pope's list of titles in the 2024 edition of the Annuario Pontifico. The Vatican has not made any statements explaining why the title has been brought back into use. 3575:. But at that time, and down to the 9th century, other bishops too referred to themselves as vicars of Christ, and for another four centuries this description was sometimes used of kings and even judges, as it had been used in the 5th and 6th centuries to refer to the 3003:

was convened on 7 May 1274, to regulate the election of the pope. This Council decreed that the cardinal electors must meet within ten days of the pope's death, and that they must remain in seclusion until a pope has been elected; this was prompted by the three-year

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and listed them. Some writers claim that the emergence of a single bishop in Rome probably did not occur until the middle of the 2nd century. In their view, Linus, Cletus and Clement were possibly prominent presbyter-bishops, but not necessarily monarchical bishops.

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You cannot deny that you are aware that in the city of Rome the episcopal chair was given first to Peter; the chair in which Peter sat, the same who was head—that is why he is also called Cephas —of all the apostles; the one chair in which unity is maintained by

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In recent decades, although the papacy has become less directly involved in politics, popes have nevertheless retained significant political influence. They have also served as mediators, with the support of the Catholic establishment. John Paul II, a native of

3762:). The term came to be applied to any Christian bishop, but since the 11th century commonly refers specifically to the bishop of Rome, who is more strictly called the "Roman Pontiff". The use of the term to refer to bishops in general is reflected in the terms " 6197:

Sovereign immunity does not apply to disputes relating to commercial transactions, and governmental units of the Holy See can face trial in foreign commercial courts. The first such trial to take place in the English courts is likely to occur in 2022 or 2023.

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Rome as an influential figure within the Church, with some emphasizing the importance of adherence to Rome's teachings and decisions. Such references served to establish the concept of papal primacy and have continued to inform Catholic theology and practice.

3225:, reminding the newly crowned pope that he would not live to see his rule lasting as long as that of St. Peter. According to tradition, he headed the church for 35 years and has thus far been the longest-reigning pope in the history of the Catholic Church. 9445:

There is the Greek a play upon the words, "thou art Peter petros – literally 'a little rock', and upon this rock Petra I will build my church." He does not promise to build His church upon Peter, but upon Himself, as Peter is careful to tell us (1 Peter

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Given this and other evidence, such as Emperor Constantine's erection of the "Old St. Peter's Basilica" on the location of St. Peter's tomb, as held and given to him by Rome's Christian community, many scholars agree that Peter was martyred in Rome under

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For this is the manner in which the apostolic churches transmit their registers: as the church of Smyrna, which records that Polycarp was placed therein by John; as also the church of Rome, which makes Clement to have been ordained in like manner by

2040:. The papacy came under the control of vying political factions. Popes were variously imprisoned, starved, killed, and deposed by force. The family of a certain papal official made and unmade popes for fifty years. The official's great-grandson, 6070:, saying, "we offer and freely yield...to our lord Pope Innocent III and his catholic successors, the whole kingdom of England and the whole kingdom of Ireland with all their rights and appurtenences for the remission of our sins". The Bull 2286:

The Eastern Church continued to decline with the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, undercutting Constantinople's claim to equality with Rome. Twice an Eastern Emperor tried to force the Eastern Church to reunify with the West. First in the

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in 1268. By the mid-16th century, the electoral process had evolved into its present form, allowing for variation in the time between the death of the pope and the meeting of the cardinal electors. Traditionally, the vote was conducted by

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As the reign of the pope has conventionally been from election until death, papal resignation is an uncommon event. Before the 21st century, only five popes unambiguously resigned with historical certainty, all between the 10th and 15th

3096:. (Traditionally, wet straw was used to produce the black smoke, but this was not completely reliable. The chemical compound is more reliable than the straw.) When a vote is successful, the ballots are burned alone, sending white smoke ( 12063: 2086:

or deposition of clergy in their states and fiefdoms, their personal interests causing corruption among the clergy. This practice had become common because often the prelates and secular rulers were also participants in public life.

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traditionally occupied a central position in the Catholic Church, although this is not necessarily so. The pope derives his pontificate from being the bishop of Rome but is not required to live there; according to the Latin formula

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The status and authority of the pope in the Catholic Church was dogmatically defined by the First Vatican Council on 18 July 1870. In its Dogmatic Constitution of the Church of Christ, the council established the following canons:

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In the Books of Isaiah 22:3 and Matthew 16:18, both Eliakim and Peter are compared to an object. Eliakim to a peg (a structure that is driven into a wall or other structure to provide support and stability) while Peter to a rock.

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as his companion at Rome, was Peter’s successor in the episcopate of the church there, as has already been shown. Clement also, who was appointed third bishop of the church at Rome, was, as Paul testifies, his co-laborer and

3799:, is a title commonly found in inscriptions on papal buildings, paintings, statues and coins, usually abbreviated as "Pont. Max" or "P.M." The office of Pontifex Maximus, or head of the College of Pontiffs, was held by 10140: 12183: 1460:

and spiritual independence. The Holy See is recognized by its adherence at various levels to international organizations and by means of its diplomatic relations and political accords with many independent states.

159: 11485: 13254: 10004: 8911: 8858: 7189: 3548:, where the title "pope" is used also of the bishop of Alexandria, the bishop of Rome is often referred to as the "pope of Rome", regardless of whether the speaker or writer is in communion with Rome or not. 2884:

Both Matthew 16:18–19 and Isaiah 22:22 show similarities between Eliakim and Peter getting keys which symbolize power. Eliakim gets the power to close and open, while Peter gets the power to bind and loose.

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Traditionally, this term was reserved for claimants with a significant following of cardinals or other clergy. The existence of an antipope is usually due either to doctrinal controversy within the Church

5838:, wherever the pope resides is the central government of the Church. As such, between 1309 and 1378, the popes lived in Avignon, France, a period often called the "Babylonian captivity" in allusion to the 7032:

as Peter's successor, the first in honor among us, and the presider over charity, this great church leader was expressing the essential content of the declarations of the primacy of the first millennium".

6433:(WELS), another Confessional Lutheran church that declares the Papacy to be the Antichrist, released its own statement, the "Statement on the Antichrist", in 1959. The WELS still holds to this statement. 3540:

normally reserved this designation for the bishop of Rome. From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by the 11th century.

1678:) about the persecution of Christians in Rome as the "struggles in our time" and presented to the Corinthians its heroes, "first, the greatest and most just columns", the "good apostles" Peter and Paul. 9123: 22772: 22442: 4393: 12606: 12088: 2810:

Simon, Simon, behold, Satan demanded to have you, that he might sift you like wheat, but I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail. And when you have turned again, strengthen your brothers.

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could proceed, provided the plaintiffs could prove that the bishops accused of negligent supervision were acting as employees or agents of the Holy See and were following official Holy See policy.

1646:

as their head, is now held by their successors, the bishops, with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as their head. Thus is derived another title by which the pope is known, that of "supreme pontiff".

12253: 11965: 10821: 7742: 2845:

comments that "the consensus of the great majority of scholars today is that the most obvious and traditional understanding should be construed, namely, that rock refers to the person of Peter".

3357:

states, "If it happens that the Roman Pontiff resigns his office, it is required for validity that the resignation is made freely and properly manifested but not that it is accepted by anyone."

11580: 11537: 12757:"Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod in the By-Gone Days of Its Orthodoxy (1932): Still by God's Grace the Scriptural Position of the Concordia Lutheran Conference" 6832:

attaches no consecutive numbers to the popes, stating that it is impossible to decide which side represented at various times the legitimate succession, in particular regarding Pope Leo VIII,

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holds that the supreme authority of the church lies with a General Council, not with the pope. Its foundations were laid early in the 13th century, and it culminated in the 15th century with

1694:

over time at various junctures rival claimants to be the rightful bishop, though again Irenaeus stressed the validity of one line of bishops from the time of St. Peter up to his contemporary

12580: 2349:(1545–1563), whose definitions of doctrine and whose reforms sealed the triumph of the papacy over elements in the church that sought conciliation with Protestants and opposed papal claims. 2090:

To combat this and other practices that had been seen as corrupting the Church between the years 900 and 1050, centres emerged promoting ecclesiastical reform, the most important being the

9885: 12808: 3513:

The best-known title, that of "pope", does not appear in the official list, but is commonly used in the titles of documents, and appears, in abbreviated form, in their signatures. Thus

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the assent of the Church can never be wanting, on account of the activity of that same Holy Spirit, by which the whole flock of Christ is preserved and progresses in unity of faith.

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ruled that the pope enjoys head-of-state immunity. This head-of-state immunity, recognized by the United States, must be distinguished from that envisaged under the United States'

12550: 4235:, or, that the same received great honour but did not receive from the same our Lord Jesus Christ directly and immediately the primacy in true and proper jurisdiction: let him be 1744:

had been a center of Jewish learning and became a center of Christian learning. Rome had a large congregation early in the apostolic period whom Paul the Apostle addressed in his

13152:. Vol. IV. The Age of Faith: A History of Medieval Civilization – Christian, Islamic, and Judaic – from Constantine to Dante, A.D. 325–1300. New York: Simon & Schuster. 3973:

dated 29 June 2013) or in another language. Other documents he signs in accordance with the tradition of using Latin only and including the abbreviated form "PP.", for the Latin

12056: 4101:

with three horizontal lines. Beneath the shield he added the pallium, a papal symbol of authority more ancient than the tiara, the use of which is also granted to metropolitan

22587: 5998:. This document, accepted as genuine until the 15th century, states that Constantine the Great placed the entire Western Empire of Rome under papal rule. In 800, Pope Leo III 1850:

dogmatic, and in its sixth canon recognized the special role of the Sees of Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch. Great defenders of Trinitarian faith included the popes, especially

3251:

For centuries, from 1378 on, those elected to the papacy were predominantly Italians. Prior to the election of the Polish-born John Paul II in 1978, the last non-Italian was

20061: 10132: 4787: 4648: 4642: 12627:"Therefore, on the basis of a renewed study of the pertinent Scriptures we reaffirm the statement of the Lutheran Confessions, that 'the Pope is the very Antichrist'" from 12167: 7167: 2690:" about the authority of the church in Rome. In this work, Tertullian said that the Church in Rome has the authority of the Apostles because of its apostolic foundation. 19899: 10343: 9781:"Press Conference on the Tenth General Congregations of the College of Cardinals (11 March) and Regarding Events of the Coming Days: Tenth and Last General Congregation" 1286: 3908:" (either used alone or as an honorific prefix as in "His Holiness Pope Francis"; and as "Your Holiness" as a form of address), "Holy Father". In Spanish and Italian, " 2910:

I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.”

1535:

or morals. The pope is considered one of the world's most powerful people due to the extensive diplomatic, cultural, and spiritual influence of his position on both 1.3

20041: 19242: 18708: 13246: 11747: 11481: 10001: 9676: 9594: 1758:), the Roman capital became recognized as a Christian center of exceptional importance. The church there, at the end of the century, wrote an epistle to the Church in 12276: 10445: 8895: 7240:

No one who seeks to make sense of modern issues within Christendom – or, indeed, world history – can neglect the vital shaping role of the popes.) Basic Books. 2009.

6495:

importance within the Church. This name, based on the black colour of his cassock, was used to suggest a parallel between him and the "White Pope" (since the time of

2607:

shall not prevail against it! Matthew 16:18. The successor of Peter was Linus, and his successors in unbroken continuity were these:— Clement, Anacletus, Evaristus...

20127: 16596: 8842: 7193: 9470: 9432: 9280: 3113:

then asks two solemn questions of the man who has been elected. First he asks, "Do you freely accept your election as supreme pontiff?" If he replies with the word

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in 1804 but did not actually perform the crowning. As mentioned above, the pope's sovereignty over the Papal States ended in 1870 with their annexation by Italy.

21806: 21399: 8127: 2197: 9808: 6366:. Cranach shows Jesus kissing Peter's foot during the footwashing. This stands in contrast to the opposing woodcut, where the pope demands others kiss his foot. 20036: 16626: 9780: 1905:, was the first important barbarian ruler to convert to the mainstream church rather than Arianism, allying himself with the papacy. Other tribes, such as the 18793: 9352: 5544: 4069:, each pope has his own personal coat of arms. Though unique for each pope, the arms have for several centuries been traditionally accompanied by two keys in 2741:, presents a detailed analysis of the origins, beliefs, and practices of the Donatists, as well as the events and debates surrounding the schism, in his book 22181: 21871: 21622: 20392: 20318: 19975: 1606:(440–461), a reservation made official only in the 11th century. The earliest record of the use of the title of 'pope' was in regard to the by-then-deceased 9318: 6138:

from the jurisdiction of the courts of other countries, though not from that of international tribunals. This immunity is sometimes loosely referred to as "

3244:, which designates a category of dissident Catholics who maintain that there is no canonically and legitimately elected pope, and that there is therefore a 20982: 20416: 20122: 17931: 12602: 12222: 12080: 11635: 9830: 5149: 2594:(354 – 430 AD), in his Letter 53, wrote a list of 38 popes from Saint Peter to Siricius. The order of this list differs from the lists of Irenaeus and the 12856: 12430: 6467:) or to confusion as to who is the legitimate pope at the time (schism). Briefly in the 15th century, three separate lines of popes claimed authenticity. 5857:, who assures direct episcopal oversight of the diocese's pastoral needs, not in his own name but in that of the pope. The most recent cardinal vicar was 4128:(reigned 1566–1572), is often credited with having originated the custom whereby the pope wears white, by continuing after his election to wear the white 3331:

of a leading church or cathedral; all popes who have died in the 20th and 21st centuries have been interred in St. Peter's Basilica. A nine-day period of

1614:(232–248). The earliest recorded use of the title "pope" in English dates to the mid-10th century, when it was used in reference to the 7th century Roman 21337: 17029: 12119: 5664: 5154: 2430:, the controversial doctrinal basis of the pope's authority, continues to divide the eastern and western churches and to separate Protestants from Rome. 1762:

intervening in a major dispute, and apologizing for not having taken action earlier. There are a few other references of that time to recognition of the

12245: 11957: 11100: 11034: 10813: 8163:"Ravenna Document | Ecclesiological and Canonical Consequences of the Sacramental Nature of the Church. Ecclesial Communion, Conciliarity and Authority" 7734: 20424: 20051: 11577: 11529: 9867: 6286: 3892:—and the omission of the title neither symbolizes in any way a change in this relationship, nor distorts the relationship between the Holy See and the 3498: 2695:

Paul wins his crown in a death like John's where the Apostle John was first plunged, unhurt, into boiling oil, and thence remitted to his island-exile!

15244: 9564: 1488:, they played a role of secular importance in Western Europe, often acting as arbitrators between Christian monarchs. In addition to the expansion of 22903: 22105: 20117: 19101: 17496: 15633: 5509: 5293: 1877:

to be the state religion of the empire, with the name "Catholic Christians" reserved for those who accepted that faith. While the civil power in the

1649:

The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus personally appointed Peter as the visible head of the Church, and the Catholic Church's dogmatic constitution

19985: 12407: 22174: 21715: 20046: 16282: 15983: 12993: 12572: 11808: 8880: 7703: 1211: 3607:

95. The difference is that the other bishops are vicars of Christ for their own local churches, the pope is vicar of Christ for the whole Church.

23238: 20539: 19848: 19647: 19050: 17817: 16146: 12812: 9882: 8445: 6524: 5041: 5014: 4602: 1279: 12738: 23162: 20056: 19416: 6500: 5765: 5144: 3536:(d. 304) is the first bishop of Rome shown in sources to have had the title "pope" used of him. From the 6th century, the imperial chancery of 13597: 10050: 9117: 8293:

Wilken, Robert (2004). "Christianity". in Hitchcock, Susan Tyler; Esposito, John. Geography of Religion. National Geographic Society. p. 286.

4314:

On 11 October 2012, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council 60 prominent theologians, (including

4214: 20636: 20471: 20031: 18364: 18209: 17996: 16999: 16336: 13591: 8780: 6574:

yet retain a Catholic hierarchical framework, have used the designation "pope" for a founder or current leader. Examples include the African

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and stockings. Many contemporary portraits of 15th and 16th-century predecessors of Pius V show them wearing a white cassock similar to his.

12631: 9957: 22682: 22647: 21096: 19805: 19002: 16879: 16082: 10969:

The bridge making has been interpreted in terms of "one who smoothes the way for the gods and to the gods" (Van Haeperen, Françoise, 2002.

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Wilken, p. 281, quote: "Some (Christian communities) had been founded by Peter, the disciple Jesus designated as the founder of his church.

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wrote shortly after Clement; in his letter from the city of Smyrna to the Romans, he said he would not command them as Peter and Paul did.

12376: 9750: 8569: 8424: 7905: 6010:; from that date onward the popes claimed the prerogative to crown the emperor, though the right fell into disuse after the coronation of 2996:

in 1378. If someone who is not a bishop is elected, he must be given episcopal ordination before the election is announced to the people.

21392: 20112: 19858: 19853: 19839: 17548: 17291: 16829: 15113: 12786: 11297: 10791: 10659: 10039: 9904: 8707: 6125: 5063: 5024: 4755: 12892: 12541: 12040: 10860: 8647: 8608: 23253: 21850: 21737: 20658: 18466: 18388: 18377: 18204: 17233: 17136: 15445: 12967: 11770: 10948: 7056:

Once the position was institutionalized, historians looked back and recognized Peter as the first Pope of the Christian church in Rome"

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It is as head of the state-equivalent worldwide religious jurisdiction of the Holy See (not of the territory of Vatican City) that the

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of the Holy See. That of the State of Vatican City is the same except that the positions of the gold and silver keys are interchanged.

21863: 21704: 21648: 21574: 21558: 18820: 18169: 18031: 16949: 13585: 13399:

The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages: Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and Other Original Sources

11018: 10916: 8277: 7025: 4453: 2295:(1431–1449). Papal claims of superiority were a sticking point in reunification, which failed in any event. In the 15th century, the 10467: 9933: 6479:

In English, Catholic priests are still addressed as "father", but the term "pope" is reserved for the head of the church hierarchy.

6112:

between Argentina and Chile, two predominantly Catholic countries. In the 21st century, Francis played a role in brokering the 2015

3316:

and cuts it in two in the presence of the cardinals. The pope's seals are defaced, to keep them from ever being used again, and his

2323:(1545–1563), which established the triumph of the papacy over those who sought to reconcile with Protestants or oppose papal claims. 21768: 21664: 20876: 20228: 18419: 16544: 15574: 12680: 12494: 10418: 9394: 9213: 8284:

XVI.i.2, Medieval Sourcebook: Banning of Other Religions by Paul Halsall, June 1997, Fordham University, retrieved 4 September 2007

7211: 6488: 5599: 4833: 3502: 2200:. Popes had galled the Byzantine emperors by siding with the king of the Franks, crowning a rival Roman emperor, appropriating the 10886: 10276: 10235: 2264:

as its leading spokesman. The failure of Conciliarism to gain broad acceptance after the 15th century is taken as a factor in the

1484:. In ancient times, the popes helped spread Christianity and intervened to find resolutions in various doctrinal disputes. In the 23278: 21936: 21588: 20107: 19967: 18116: 17210: 16106: 15613: 15107: 13171: 12916: 10989: 10497: 8750: 7381: 4007:) is a canopy or umbrella consisting of alternating red and gold stripes, which used to be carried above the pope in processions. 2102:, in order to fight strongly against simony and the abuse of civil power and try to restore ecclesiastical discipline, including 2021:(800) as emperor, he established the precedent that, in Western Europe, no man would be emperor without being crowned by a pope. 376: 345: 12669: 12341: 10335: 10032:

with steps, a reference to the seating arrangement for the presbyters in the apse of the church, with the bishop in the middle (

7159: 7137: 6686:(1394–1423) ruled for 28 years, 7 months and 12 days, which would place him third in the above list. Since he is regarded as an 3019:, by selection (by committee), or by plenary vote. Acclamation was the simplest procedure, consisting entirely of a voice vote. 2556:

having succeeded Anicetus, Eleutherius does now, in the twelfth place from the apostles, hold the inheritance of the episcopate.

22557: 21641: 21554: 21385: 20946: 16444: 16439: 16034: 11415: 6856: 6109: 5715: 5504: 5288: 5139: 5081: 4994: 4575: 3844: 1625: 7355: 3240:, the period between the death or resignation of a pope and the election of his successor. From this term is derived the term 22896: 22692: 21749: 19894: 19174: 18941: 18148: 18096: 16728: 15172: 13549: 13527: 13506: 13383: 13361: 13342: 13323: 13279: 13215: 13181: 13157: 13133: 13109: 13087: 13066: 13039: 13019: 12150: 11573: 11442: 11365: 11331: 10854: 10785: 10653: 10623: 10372: 9721: 8905: 8852: 8813: 8641: 8602: 8496: 8407: 8262: 8013: 7982: 7813: 7782: 7661: 7636: 7611: 7586: 7561: 7524: 7343: 7245: 7108: 6941:

According to Catholic ecclesiology, Jesus Christ is the "invisible head" of the Church, while the Pope is the "visible head".

6610:

The longest papal reigns of those whose reign lengths can be determined from contemporary historical data are the following:

5549: 5308: 4510: 4232: 3139:) await in three sizes. Donning the appropriate vestments and reemerging into the Sistine Chapel, the new pope is given the " 2896:

I will place the key of the House of David on his shoulder; what he opens, no one will shut, what he shuts, no one will open.

2057: 13433: 12721: 12702: 12319: 11743: 11275: 10312: 10200: 10109: 9672: 9586: 8819: 1539:

billion Catholics and those outside the Catholic faith, and because he heads the world's largest non-government provider of

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And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it

1038: 12517: 9784: 7441: 23263: 23086: 21846: 21834: 21826: 20970: 20958: 20836: 20503: 20102: 20084: 19669: 19410: 19257: 19076: 18126: 17956: 16864: 16611: 15978: 15638: 15274: 12453: 11665: 9462: 9390: 9272: 9183: 8044: 6516: 5114: 4816: 3144: 11687: 9153: 6521:

Pope and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle

6459:

Groups sometimes form around antipopes, who claim the Pontificate without being canonically and properly elected to it.

5778: 4093:—two strips of fabric hanging from the back of the triregnum which fall over the neck and shoulders when worn). This is 3995:, a gold or gilt ring decorated with a depiction of St. Peter in a boat casting his net, with the pope's name around it. 521: 21928: 21774: 21753: 20695: 20508: 20218: 19635: 19487: 19400: 18859: 17785: 17282: 16891: 16616: 15559: 15536: 15250: 10719: 10689: 9977: 9064: 7837: 6901: 6520: 6406: 5965:, a woodcut by Lucas Cranach of the pope using the temporal power to grant authority to a generously contributing ruler 5853:

Though the pope is the diocesan bishop of Rome, he delegates most of the day-to-day work of leading the diocese to the

5803: 5758: 5364: 4690: 4632: 4515: 3888:

dialogue". The title patriarch of the West symbolized the pope's special relationship with, and jurisdiction over, the

2598:. Augustine's list claims that Linus was succeeded by Clement and Clement was succeeded by Anacletus as in the list of 1480:

in the first century. The papacy is one of the most enduring institutions in the world and has had a prominent part in

1221: 248: 12647: 11991: 9536: 3102:) through the chimney and announcing to the world the election of a new pope. Starting with the Papal conclave, 2005, 23053: 22828: 22722: 22717: 21919: 21632: 20629: 20286: 20147: 20079: 19834: 18921: 18357: 17768: 17370: 17017: 16851: 16302: 16024: 16019: 15927: 12313: 11013: 10982: 10761: 10603: 9805: 9424: 8475: 8338: 8298: 8195: 7300: 6871: 6422: 5659: 5119: 5007: 4838: 4750: 2498:

130 – c. 202 AD), a prominent Christian theologian of the second century, provided a list of early popes in his work

1098: 836: 15618: 13421:

The Popes and Science: The History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time

11605: 7411: 4140:, a book of ceremonies compiled in about 1274. Later books of ceremonies describe the pope as wearing a red mantle, 1792:

In AD 195, Pope Victor I, in what is seen as an exercise of Roman authority over other churches, excommunicated the

1598:), meaning 'father'. In the early centuries of Christianity, this title was applied, especially in the East, to all 23081: 22889: 21729: 20755: 20260: 20223: 20142: 19191: 18668: 18282: 17830: 17583: 17528: 17393: 17128: 17124: 16869: 16654: 16601: 15997: 15569: 15346: 10527: 9344: 7132: 6911: 6163: 5694: 5344: 4826: 4770: 4565: 4483: 4136:. In reality, the basic papal attire was white long before. The earliest document that describes it as such is the 3617:) is used only of the pope, not of other bishops. Variations of it include: "Vicar of the Prince of the Apostles" ( 3117:, his reign begins at that instant. In practice, any cardinal who intends not to accept will explicitly state this 3110: 1890: 1015: 804: 353: 11829:

Compare the portrait reproduced in the article on Pius V with those in the articles on his immediate predecessors

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The first record of the application of this title to a bishop of Rome appears in a synod of 495 with reference to

3304:

decision that requires the assent of the pope has to wait until the new pope has been elected and accepts office.

2129:

decreed that clerics were to be invested by clerical leaders, and temporal rulers by lay investiture. Soon after,

22833: 22277: 22053: 22037: 21965: 21815: 21783: 21694: 21611: 21543: 21527: 21310: 20773: 20711: 20702: 20448: 20328: 20132: 19995: 19875: 19760: 19247: 18291: 17633: 17608: 17573: 17568: 17533: 17413: 17012: 16896: 16486: 16449: 16332: 16312: 16268: 16173: 16161: 13625: 9310: 5811: 5514: 5298: 5094: 4853: 4727: 4684: 3147:. The pope assumes a place of honour as the rest of the cardinals wait in turn to offer their first "obedience" ( 2971: 1544: 1020: 829: 228: 12206: 11627: 9827: 2779:

teaches that, within the Christian community, the bishops as a body have succeeded to the body of the apostles (

23283: 23248: 23140: 22849: 22472: 22079: 22045: 22024: 21484: 21166: 20785: 20012: 19623: 19169: 18926: 18630: 18426: 18229: 17941: 17628: 17598: 17578: 17518: 17308: 17024: 16562: 16554: 16466: 16327: 16307: 16195: 15643: 13679: 12852: 12830: 12422: 12111: 9498: 8684: 6861: 6846: 6306: 6294: 6168: 5303: 5134: 5076: 4665: 4560: 4555: 3595:. Other historians suggest that this title was already used in this way in association with the pontificate of 3587:

sent by Jesus. Its use specifically for the pope appears in the 13th century in connection with the reforms of

3506: 3211:

at the top of a gilded pole, which would flare brightly for a moment and then promptly extinguish, as he said,

2925:

And I will fasten him like a peg in a secure place, and he will become a throne of honor to his father's house.

1508: 953: 511: 22005: 11905: 11894: 6790:

as a bishop. He is not recognized as a valid pope, but was added to the lists of popes in the 15th century as

6229:

The pope's claim to authority is either disputed or rejected outright by other churches, for various reasons.

2196:

and the Catholic Church split definitively in 1054. This fracture was caused more by political events than by

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If anyone says that the blessed Apostle Peter was not established by the Lord Christ as the chief of all the

3016: 2516:

the office of the episcopate. Of this Linus, Paul makes mention in the Epistles to Timothy. To him succeeded

1763: 1390: 1321: 1068: 484: 18728: 9864: 3090:. The ballots from an unsuccessful vote are burned along with a chemical compound to create black smoke, or 2749:

In the book, Optatus wrote about the position of the bishop of Rome in maintaining the unity of the Church.

23210: 23031: 23026: 22966: 22712: 22672: 22572: 22498: 22392: 20622: 19870: 19740: 19695: 19664: 19539: 19375: 19186: 18881: 18723: 18350: 18184: 18155: 18138: 18046: 17658: 17623: 17613: 17191: 17172: 17034: 16785: 16698: 15666: 15268: 9554: 5604: 5204: 5029: 4765: 4530: 3207:("to the City and to the World"). Another renowned part of the coronation was the lighting of a bundle of 2341:(1560–1648), which addressed the challenges of the Protestant Reformation and instituted internal reforms. 2253: 2110: 652: 3781:

lists as one of the official titles of the pope that of "Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church" (Latin:

2965: 1732:

In the early Christian era, Rome and a few other cities had claims on the leadership of worldwide Church.

22971: 22687: 22387: 21907: 20405: 20323: 20281: 19722: 19581: 19270: 19110: 18966: 18461: 18194: 16944: 16812: 16681: 15097: 13097: 12943: 6817: 6238: 5579: 5444: 5384: 5192: 5086: 5053: 4959: 4733: 4700: 4592: 4463: 2872: 2499: 2377: 2082:

From the 7th century it became common for European monarchies and nobility to found churches and perform

1889:, the bishops of Rome were able to consolidate the influence and power they already possessed. After the 1882: 1611: 1602:

and other senior clergy, and later became reserved in the West to the bishop of Rome during the reign of

1417: 841: 642: 32:"Papacy", "Papal", and "Roman pontiff" redirect here. For the historic state controlled by the pope, see 21356: 12989: 11800: 7699: 7689:"pope, n.1". Oxford English Dictionary Online. September 2011. Oxford University Press. 21 November 2011 2060:

continued, and eventually dukes in league with the emperor were buying bishops and popes almost openly.

1812:). Celebration of Easter on a Sunday, as insisted on by the pope, is the system that has prevailed (see 1409:

and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the Church would be built.

23196: 22926: 22818: 22767: 22762: 22737: 22707: 22592: 22503: 22097: 21879: 20498: 20303: 20165: 19817: 19730: 19014: 18844: 18831: 18713: 18570: 18403: 18111: 17909: 17563: 17215: 17181: 17140: 16094: 16055: 15681: 15483: 13674: 13570: 11482:"Communiqué concernant la suppression du titre "Patriarche d'Occident" dans l'Annuaire pontifical 2006" 11192: 10387: 9306: 6683: 6543: 6280: 5534: 5169: 3986: 3610:

On at least one occasion the title "vicar of God" (a reference to Christ as God) was used of the pope.

2094:, which spread its ideals throughout Europe. This reform movement gained strength with the election of 1982: 1343: 755: 402: 11386: 10943: 10413: 9559: 8441: 7900: 7128:"Christ's Faithful – Hierarchy, Laity, Consecrated Life: The episcopal college and its head, the pope" 3279:

at the Vatican in April 2005, presided over by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI

2869:

also describes him as having the key to the house of David, which symbolizes his authority and power.

2841: 1587: 22797: 22742: 22702: 22657: 22652: 22632: 22622: 22617: 22612: 22597: 22582: 22577: 22562: 22552: 22519: 22352: 22111: 21993: 21332: 20480: 20308: 20298: 19405: 19292: 19213: 19196: 19131: 18810: 18738: 18698: 18513: 18301: 18247: 17918: 17868: 17558: 17513: 16621: 16060: 13654: 11507: 11236: 11152: 10548: 6579: 6531: 6332:, a passage that even prior to the Reformation had been applied to the pope as the Antichrist of the 6290: 5409: 5394: 5374: 5268: 5129: 4865: 4720: 4478: 3398: 3263:, the first non-European after 1272 years and the first Latin American (albeit of Italian ancestry). 2659: 2641: 2157: 1943:

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the pope served as a source of authority and continuity.

1093: 303: 137: 18718: 11232: 11228: 11212: 11208: 11204: 11184: 10741: 2788:

Scriptural texts proposed in support of Peter's special position in relation to the church include:

2353: 2222:

was notorious for greed and corruption. During this period, the pope was effectively an ally of the

2067:

travelled to the major cities of Europe to deal with the church's moral problems firsthand, notably

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gave to the pope the land from his conquest of the Lombards. The pope may have utilized the forged

5870: 5674: 5594: 5524: 5314: 4945: 4933: 4799: 4792: 4710: 4620: 4446: 4441: 4388: 3661:, with inscription "Benedictus XVI Pont(ifex) Max(imus) Anno Domini MMV Pont(ificatus) I.", i.e., " 3213: 3056: 2734: 2439: 1825: 632: 434: 20291: 11180: 11176: 11168: 11164: 11160: 11156: 11148: 11144: 11136: 11132: 11128: 11124: 11116: 8772: 5978:

This status as a secular and civil ruler was vividly displayed by Pope Leo I's confrontation with

3361:, who vacated the Holy See on 28 February 2013, was the most recent to do so, and the first since 2512:

The blessed apostles , then, having founded and built up the Church , committed into the hands of

2462:

210 – 258 AD), in his letters, recognized the bishop of Rome as the successor of St. Peter in his

609: 23273: 23016: 22912: 22777: 22697: 22667: 22382: 22342: 22242: 22060: 21945: 21810: 21684: 21449: 21080: 20749: 20706: 20313: 20213: 19641: 19630: 19326: 19115: 19064: 18854: 18815: 18788: 18748: 18535: 18450: 18393: 18252: 17884: 17845: 17812: 17258: 17238: 17106: 16984: 16934: 16713: 16514: 16454: 16190: 15798: 15564: 15449: 13659: 12742: 12628: 11172: 11140: 11120: 9954: 6866: 6571: 6561: 6539: 6535: 6378: 6313:

but even saints had called the bishop of Rome the "Antichrist" when they wished to castigate his

6214: 6159: 5991: 5710: 5654: 5519: 5479: 5414: 5369: 5124: 5107: 5047: 4676: 4627: 4537: 4407: 4358: 3182: 3087: 2854: 2193: 2118: 1839: 1777:

of 13 October 2007, theologians chosen by the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches stated:

1607: 1010: 637: 154: 18554: 11357: 9711: 7974: 7968: 7774: 7768: 3060:

in 1996, a simple majority after a deadlock of twelve days was allowed, but this was revoked by

474: 22362: 22357: 22067: 22012: 21656: 21342: 21320: 21092: 20911: 20906: 20729: 20720: 20559: 20533: 19947: 19480: 19310: 19203: 18673: 18321: 18262: 18257: 17891: 17697: 17618: 17543: 17423: 17101: 16989: 16929: 16606: 16494: 16249: 15712: 15686: 15312: 12368: 11078: 9340: 8561: 8421: 6812: 6567: 6550:). This is different from the words used for the head of the Catholic Church (Bulgarian "папа" 6512: 6349: 6321: 6310: 6087: 5786: 5689: 5484: 5278: 4597: 4570: 4504: 3969:

Pope Francis signs some documents with his name alone, either in Latin ("Franciscus", as in an

3694: 3592: 3354: 3000: 2770: 2427: 2300: 2288: 2265: 2249: 2141: 1994: 1774: 1582: 1312: 1260: 1000: 711: 429: 12782: 11460: 11305: 10844: 10775: 10643: 10033: 8701: 8119: 8005: 7999: 7805: 7799: 3255:

of the Netherlands, elected in 1522. John Paul II was followed by election of the German-born

3181:, which started with a procession with great pomp and circumstance from the Sistine Chapel to 2168:

to assist the Byzantine Empire to regain the old Christian territories, especially Jerusalem.

1729:'monarchical' bishop in Rome before the middle of the 2nd century ... and likely later." 23101: 22986: 22637: 22567: 22488: 22437: 22432: 22407: 22262: 22227: 21366: 20901: 20819: 20678: 20387: 20358: 20023: 19800: 19553: 19265: 19230: 19136: 18997: 18936: 18849: 18825: 18781: 18776: 18658: 18565: 18478: 18444: 18026: 17853: 17278: 17059: 16924: 16770: 16476: 16414: 16373: 16358: 16156: 16077: 15900: 15739: 15734: 15623: 15088: 13519:

Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy from St. Peter to the Present

13289: 12889: 12037: 11466: 11256: 10573: 10393: 8631: 8592: 8236: 7321: 6995: 6896: 6390: 6077: 6059: 5830: 5619: 5489: 5474: 5459: 5419: 5359: 5283: 5273: 5256: 4804: 4745: 4695: 4670: 4658: 4520: 4458: 4339: 4078: 3992: 3880: 3860: 3749: 3486: 3313: 3159: 2357: 1870: 1745: 1556: 846: 178: 48: 17: 20715: 12963: 12540: 11778: 10938: 7315: 6820:

of the time was the true commencement of his pontificate, his name is not registered in the

6586:, a Vietnamese faith that duplicates the Catholic hierarchy, is similarly headed by a pope. 782: 23096: 22936: 22467: 22412: 22372: 22332: 22327: 22322: 22307: 22302: 22292: 22287: 22267: 22247: 22237: 22232: 22222: 21758: 21708: 21688: 21601: 21564: 21430: 21315: 21075: 20856: 20846: 20814: 20381: 20270: 19906: 19765: 19380: 19235: 19223: 18871: 18864: 18653: 18543: 18503: 18498: 17430: 17399: 17296: 17177: 17091: 16971: 16874: 16591: 16586: 16509: 16459: 16390: 16368: 16116: 16050: 15847: 15830: 15765: 15339: 12756: 12013: 11381: 10058: 8208: 7700:"Catechism of the Catholic Church – Christ's Faithful – Hierarchy, Laity, Consecrated Life" 6733:(25 October – 10 November 1241): reigned for 17 calendar days, died before coronation. 6438: 6258: 5629: 5564: 5529: 5334: 5261: 5239: 5187: 4811: 4180: 4114: 3545: 3529: 3300: 3155: 3051: 2781: 2327: 2280: 2201: 2189: 1886: 1878: 1528: 1206: 1083: 958: 943: 716: 696: 657: 479: 417: 22166: 19086: 10908: 10567: 8274: 4081:(shield) (one silver key and one gold key, tied with a red cord), and above them a silver 2056:. John mutilated the Imperial representatives in Rome and had himself reinstated as pope. 1658:

noting that the episcopal see in Rome can be traced back no earlier than the 3rd century.

8: 23222: 23058: 22792: 22602: 22493: 22462: 22427: 22417: 22402: 22347: 22312: 22297: 22282: 22272: 22252: 22155: 21285: 20896: 20591: 20564: 20172: 20003: 19442: 19317: 19179: 18931: 18733: 18703: 18219: 18121: 17914: 17898: 17418: 17328: 16779: 16723: 16671: 16572: 16534: 16237: 15722: 15707: 15661: 15480: 14953: 14336: 13618: 13537: 11560: 10471: 9929: 6519:

continues to be called "pope", the former being called "Coptic pope" or, more properly, "

6265:, or to claims of papal infallibility. Several of these churches refer to such claims as 6246: 6139: 6082: 6051: 5727: 5554: 4972: 4967: 4780: 4496: 4209: 3918: 3690: 3494: 3465: 3140: 2828: 2595: 2567: 2384: 2365: 2338: 2292: 2161: 2109:

This conflict between popes and secular autocratic rulers such as the Holy Roman Emperor

1874: 1835: 1805: 1679: 1516: 1497: 1394: 1383: 1333: 1158: 1005: 900: 706: 578: 494: 469: 128: 37: 19208: 13397: 12900: 12677: 12485: 10408: 9382: 9205: 8230: 7922:[...> accept Rome as the location of the martyrdom and the reign of Nero as the time. 4287:

In its Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (1964), the Second Vatican Council declared:

669: 23268: 23183: 23004: 22976: 22961: 22533: 22452: 22397: 22377: 22367: 22337: 21986: 21477: 21460: 21142: 21052: 21040: 21017: 20881: 20791: 20733: 20603: 20410: 20333: 19812: 19454: 19081: 19009: 18798: 18743: 18560: 18493: 18239: 18056: 16914: 16906: 16649: 16350: 16317: 16151: 16089: 16014: 15820: 15778: 15772: 15232: 15226: 15121: 14973: 14968: 14933: 14802: 14782: 14702: 14601: 14576: 14566: 14466: 14451: 13975: 13703: 13696: 13415: 11866: 11350: 11345: 10882: 10268: 10258: 10243: 10021: 8874: 7488: 7373: 7207: 6881: 6783: 6663: 6250: 6191: 6135: 6097: 5987: 5739: 5499: 5354: 5159: 4845: 4302: 3832: 3828: 3812: 2590: 2414: 2227: 2149: 2130: 2122: 2114: 2052:

had John accused in an ecclesiastical court, which deposed him and elected a layman as

1809: 1501: 1489: 1465: 933: 809: 741: 566: 422: 13193: 12913: 10986: 10493: 9119:

Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume I/Church History of Eusebius/Book III

8742: 6511:

Since the papacy of Heraclas in the 3rd century, the bishop of Alexandria in both the

6393:

hold that the pope is the Antichrist, stating that this article of faith is part of a

3431: 3128:

he has chosen. If the dean himself is elected pope, the vice dean performs this task.

94: 23258: 23133: 23113: 23091: 22931: 22447: 21605: 20338: 20094: 20071: 19688: 19608: 19603: 19543: 19473: 19422: 19370: 18839: 18803: 18614: 18575: 18199: 17435: 16760: 16640: 16407: 16363: 15815: 15760: 15307: 15140: 15073: 15068: 14988: 14983: 14958: 14892: 14867: 14847: 14807: 14757: 14722: 14677: 14642: 14632: 14622: 14606: 14591: 14551: 14536: 14506: 14431: 14411: 14371: 14256: 14110: 14055: 13909: 13545: 13523: 13517: 13502: 13483: 13466: 13459: 13425: 13403: 13393: 13379: 13357: 13338: 13319: 13297: 13275: 13242: 13230: 13211: 13177: 13153: 13129: 13123: 13105: 13083: 13077: 13062: 13035: 13015: 12664: 12521: 12345: 12309: 12214: 12175: 12146: 11569: 11438: 11412: 11361: 11327: 10978: 10850: 10781: 10757: 10649: 10619: 10599: 10368: 10088: 9717: 8901: 8848: 8809: 8680: 8637: 8598: 8492: 8471: 8403: 8334: 8294: 8258: 8191: 8009: 7978: 7809: 7778: 7657: 7632: 7607: 7582: 7557: 7520: 7492: 7480: 7339: 7296: 7241: 7127: 7104: 7021: 6810:

the Roman priest Stephen was elected; but, since four days later he died, before his

6748: 6730: 6633: 6441:

these objections both contributed to and are products of the Protestant Reformation.

6092: 6080:

in 1494, which divided the world into areas of Spanish and Portuguese rule. The bull

6007: 5983: 5858: 5806:, considered the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome, and his official residence is the 5624: 5614: 5464: 5399: 5349: 5199: 4652: 4473: 4418: 4371: 4046: 3959: 3836: 3665:, Pontifex Maximus, in the year of Our Lord 2005, the first year of his pontificate." 3588: 3576: 3463:

The official list of titles of the pope, in the order in which they are given in the

3348: 3288: 3276: 3061: 2490: 2234: 2223: 2126: 2103: 2072: 2027: 1986: 1978: 1433: 1088: 583: 499: 464: 6044:(or the threat thereof) have been used many times to exercise papal power. The bull 2079:. With his long journey, he restored the prestige of the papacy in Northern Europe. 1168: 23048: 23037: 22951: 22130: 21422: 21174: 20963: 20939: 20891: 20806: 20549: 19795: 19566: 19299: 19157: 18992: 18886: 18648: 18638: 18624: 18601: 18582: 18436: 18061: 17835: 17797: 17755: 17683: 17678: 17645: 17452: 17385: 17348: 17343: 17323: 17318: 17243: 17096: 17086: 17046: 16577: 16395: 16378: 16072: 15955: 15810: 15805: 15628: 15598: 15518: 15513: 15364: 15127: 15063: 15038: 15018: 14993: 14978: 14948: 14887: 14882: 14832: 14762: 14752: 14732: 14707: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14637: 14596: 14546: 14541: 14531: 14511: 14501: 14461: 14406: 14381: 14356: 14331: 14321: 14311: 14296: 14195: 14175: 14165: 14130: 14065: 14060: 14040: 14000: 13940: 13879: 13864: 13859: 13794: 13779: 13754: 13744: 13313: 13205: 13147: 12573:"Court of Appeal sets aside stay of proceedings in Vatican London property dispute" 11846: 10386: 9032: 8941: 7472: 7359: 7336:

História das Religiões. Crenças e práticas religiosas do século XII aos nossos dias

7236:. Introduction (One of the most enduring and influential of all human institutions, 6960: 6952: 6776: 6736: 6724: 6718: 6669: 6492: 6389:

This sweeping rejection is held by, among others, some denominations of Lutherans:

5970: 5918: 5843: 5807: 5574: 5559: 5439: 5424: 5404: 5339: 5224: 4273: 4038: 4011: 3893: 3785:). He is also commonly called the supreme pontiff or the sovereign pontiff (Latin: 3763: 3653: 3533: 3490: 3482: 3317: 3187: 3178: 3124:

The dean asks next, "By what name shall you be called?" The new pope announces the

3022: 2836: 2647: 2537: 2529: 2505: 2395: 2346: 2320: 2099: 2095: 1990: 1429: 1233: 797: 556: 551: 541: 536: 531: 459: 192: 172: 17301: 13571:

Data Base of more than 23,000 documents of the Popes in Latin and modern languages

13371: 10308: 6108:, was regarded as influential in the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. He also 6090:

and declared that all her subjects were released from allegiance to her. The bull

3524:

The title "pope" was from the early 3rd century an honorific designation used for

489: 23065: 23021: 22981: 22956: 22752: 22422: 21522: 21440: 21242: 21199: 21189: 21184: 21137: 21131: 21067: 20987: 20544: 19939: 19525: 19354: 19218: 19141: 18761: 18690: 18619: 18296: 18179: 18036: 18001: 17807: 17802: 17727: 17722: 17663: 17588: 17338: 17268: 16800: 16741: 16291: 16111: 16009: 16002: 15970: 15608: 15416: 15332: 15166: 15133: 15053: 14963: 14938: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14842: 14777: 14742: 14727: 14662: 14652: 14627: 14581: 14561: 14526: 14516: 14496: 14481: 14476: 14471: 14446: 14441: 14391: 14376: 14301: 14281: 14261: 14246: 14241: 14221: 14185: 14170: 14090: 14075: 14070: 14035: 14025: 14010: 13970: 13960: 13945: 13935: 13925: 13789: 13734: 13638: 13565: 13419: 12950: 12920: 12896: 12885: 12878: 12725: 12718: 12706: 12697: 12684: 12673: 12651: 12635: 12303: 12067: 12044: 11909: 11898: 11870: 11838: 11584: 11419: 11271: 11104: 10993: 10101: 10075:(canopied thrones, appearing as "canopied pulpits" in both those translations) – 10065: 10054: 10043: 10008: 9984: 9961: 9911: 9889: 9883:"What Does Cardinal Sodano's Departure as Dean of the College of Cardinals Mean?" 9871: 9834: 9812: 9540: 9521: 9502: 8803: 8428: 8281: 8215: 8048: 7463:

Agnew, John (12 February 2010). "Deus Vult: The Geopolitics of Catholic Church".

7094: 6833: 6770: 6754: 6402: 6318: 6182:

In April 2010, there was press coverage in Britain concerning a proposed plan by

6041: 5815: 5649: 5642: 5569: 5379: 5251: 5246: 4987: 4982: 4921: 4904: 4546: 4400: 4228: 4205: 4133: 4129: 3884: 3840: 3630: 3478: 3474: 2976: 2776: 2706: 2636: 2380: 2037: 2010: 2002: 1759: 1540: 1473: 1402: 1347: 978: 679: 526: 444: 238: 218: 21377: 9514: 9086: 8965: 6794:, causing difficulties in enumerating later popes named Stephen. The Holy See's 3170:("I announce to you a great joy! We have a pope!"). He announces the new pope's 2906:

According to book of Matthew Peter also gets keys and power to bind and loose.

819: 23243: 23107: 23010: 21224: 21194: 21179: 21121: 21111: 21046: 21029: 20871: 20245: 20205: 20007: 19951: 19770: 19725: 19657: 19613: 19591: 19586: 19096: 18969: 18916: 18663: 18526: 18488: 18456: 18214: 18143: 17991: 17926: 17712: 17702: 17688: 17673: 17353: 17248: 17132: 17111: 16645: 16524: 16499: 16471: 16402: 16215: 16168: 16138: 16132: 15917: 15910: 15793: 15676: 15603: 15551: 15523: 15471: 15394: 15300: 15256: 15238: 15207: 15201: 15193: 15187: 15181: 15013: 14943: 14877: 14827: 14817: 14797: 14772: 14717: 14712: 14682: 14657: 14586: 14571: 14556: 14491: 14436: 14426: 14401: 14286: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14160: 14145: 14080: 14045: 14015: 13985: 13980: 13965: 13899: 13874: 13849: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13819: 13739: 13729: 13611: 13603: 13575: 13496: 12932: 12207:"Pope Francis and the Vatican played key roles in US-Cuba thaw, leaders reveal" 12025: 11874: 11858: 11850: 11250: 9420: 9268: 7433: 6891: 6786:(23–26 March 752) died of stroke three days after his election, and before his 6742: 6714: 6702: 6454: 6325: 6314: 6267: 5982:

in 452. The first expansion of papal rule outside of Rome came in 728 with the

5884: 5854: 5684: 5589: 5429: 5034: 4938: 4737: 4525: 4425: 4413: 3674: 3642: 3626: 3537: 3171: 3043: 3039: 2960: 2889: 2877: 2832: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2467: 2391: 2296: 2276: 2219: 2181: 2091: 2045: 1944: 1929: 1859: 1847: 1831: 1793: 1733: 1669: 1512: 1449: 1406: 1304: 1173: 1153: 1148: 888: 861: 726: 721: 546: 412: 407: 270: 20724: 12461: 12277:"The International Criminal Court, Bashir, and the Immunity of Heads of State" 11658:"Umbraculum – Definition and synonyms of umbraculum in the English dictionary" 11657: 9175: 8041: 7476: 7066: 6562:

In new religious movements and other Christian-related new religious movements

6381:. This woodcut of the traditional practice of kissing the pope's foot is from 3952: 3693:

in pagan Rome. The Latin word was translated into ancient Greek variously: as

1740:

church, which is still honoured as the "Mother Church" in Orthodox tradition.

23232: 22203: 22135: 21505: 21259: 21116: 20999: 20921: 20861: 20824: 20476: 19956: 19598: 19561: 19510: 19507: 19287: 19277: 18766: 18678: 18643: 18106: 18066: 17951: 17873: 17858: 17707: 17668: 17474: 17358: 17155: 16824: 16539: 15421: 15048: 15028: 15003: 14872: 14837: 14812: 14767: 14747: 14672: 14667: 14647: 14521: 14456: 14416: 14396: 14386: 14291: 14200: 14155: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14050: 14030: 14020: 13995: 13955: 13904: 13894: 13889: 13869: 13824: 13784: 13769: 13749: 13691: 13649: 13579: 13487: 13470: 13407: 12218: 12179: 11842: 11597: 9458: 9145: 9056: 7484: 6999: 6921: 6876: 6851: 6799: 6760: 6657: 6651: 6639: 6131: 6072: 6003: 5826: 5782: 5669: 5584: 4715: 4365: 4264: 3800: 3745: 3324: 3241: 3165: 3132: 3098: 3078: 3031: 2858: 2549: 2533: 2410: 2342: 2316: 2165: 2153: 2145: 2053: 2041: 2006: 1851: 1695: 1662: 1652: 1615: 1481: 1469: 1453: 1421: 1367: 1138: 1063: 1048: 968: 893: 871: 866: 856: 395: 295: 44: 13429: 13301: 13234: 12081:"The Enduring Power of the Papacy: Pope Francis and International Relations" 10711: 10681: 10192: 9024: 8933: 7829: 5986:, which in turn was substantially increased in 754, when the Frankish ruler 3271: 2148:, and represented a threat to Christianity. In 1095, the Byzantine emperor, 1997:, and the inability of the emperor to protect the papal estates against the 1690:, although some scholars argue that he may have been martyred in Palestine. 1457: 23128: 21468: 21426: 21412: 21408: 21247: 21219: 21149: 20841: 20685: 20653: 20645: 20353: 20255: 19717: 19652: 19618: 19534: 19517: 19282: 18961: 18891: 18473: 18414: 18373: 18081: 18016: 17946: 17936: 17863: 17763: 17732: 17508: 17457: 17225: 17167: 17064: 16835: 16752: 16708: 16703: 16693: 16504: 16431: 15960: 15870: 15837: 15785: 15584: 15507: 15440: 15407: 15380: 15262: 15078: 15058: 15043: 15023: 15008: 14998: 14857: 14852: 14792: 14787: 14737: 14421: 14366: 14361: 14316: 14306: 14205: 14180: 14150: 14085: 14005: 13930: 13844: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13759: 13335:

The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis): To the Pontificate of Gregory I

12644: 12542:"Vatican's £124m property case to be heard in UK in 'trial of the century'" 12525: 11987: 11862: 11834: 11830: 11352:

World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: A Resource for Readers and Writers

9533: 9036: 8945: 7029: 6987: 6807: 6787: 6645: 6627: 6603: 6055: 6046: 6026: 5995: 5974: 5928: 5908: 5898: 5494: 5434: 5164: 4909: 4581: 4431: 4377: 4348: 4330: 4058: 3942: 3905: 3889: 3767: 3662: 3658: 3634: 3458: 3403: 3358: 3260: 3256: 3203: 3066: 3006: 2602:, while the other two lists switch the positions of Clement and Anacletus. 2541: 2399: 2257: 2014: 1834:

in 313 granted freedom to all religions in the Roman Empire, beginning the

1577: 1567: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1188: 1143: 1043: 851: 765: 760: 748: 439: 308: 142: 123: 99: 33: 22881: 13309: 11459: 9294:

idiom to have said, "Thou art Peter, and upon thee I will build my church.

7403: 6487:"Black Pope" is a name that was popularly, but unofficially, given to the 4394:

Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church

4315: 3839:, reportedly as a lesson in humility for the patriarch of Constantinople, 3564:. It is commonly used in the slightly abbreviated form "vicar of Christ" ( 3390: 336: 23118: 21305: 21279: 21272: 21265: 21252: 21237: 21232: 20951: 20934: 20886: 20571: 19790: 19679: 19530: 19044: 18987: 18277: 18133: 18006: 17986: 17981: 17976: 17961: 17263: 17198: 17054: 16979: 16957: 16805: 16567: 16529: 16180: 16067: 15987: 15922: 15905: 15865: 15671: 15033: 14913: 14908: 14862: 14486: 14351: 14346: 14251: 14190: 14135: 14125: 14120: 13990: 13814: 13764: 13719: 13167: 13143: 13119: 9865:

http://www.indianchristianity.com/html/menachery/html/GeorgeMenachery.htm

9751:"White Smoke, Pope; Black Smoke, Nope: How Conclave Smoke Gets Its Color" 9378: 6764: 6614: 6575: 6333: 6302: 5449: 5219: 5213: 4926: 4297: 4268: 4125: 3753: 3726: 3584: 3362: 3309: 3237: 3201:(papal tiara) and he gave for the first time as pope the famous blessing 3197: 3125: 3103: 3092: 2985: 2862: 2730: 2545: 2476: 2371: 2283:, at the high-point of Concilliarism, decided among the papal claimants. 2261: 2208: 2083: 2076: 2018: 1971: 1643: 1522: 1485: 1398: 1178: 1163: 1103: 604: 368: 208: 18342: 12826: 10519: 9852:

Inside The Vatican: The Politics and Organization of the Catholic Church

8940:, Catholic University of America Press, pp. 265–268, 1 April 2010, 7314: 4169: 4053: 3815:. The popes began to use this title regularly only in the 15th century. 3633:

as vicar of Peter in the oath of fealty that he took in 722. In today's

3046:" (so called because the cardinal electors are theoretically locked in, 2352:

Gradually forced to give up secular power to the increasingly assertive

1642:

the Church, that was held by the apostles, as a group or "college" with

109: 22866:

1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.

21126: 21007: 20554: 19752: 17971: 17966: 17790: 17717: 17333: 17253: 16884: 15950: 15825: 15729: 15717: 15691: 15589: 15147: 14822: 14341: 14326: 14140: 14115: 13950: 13854: 13774: 13724: 13666: 11854: 11717: 10336:"Benedict, the placeholder pope who leaves a battered, weakened church" 7071: 6906: 6886: 6675: 6345: 6340: 6222: 6172: 6113: 5999: 5819: 4897: 4292: 4102: 3999: 3970: 3848: 3771: 3722: 3714: 3596: 3580: 3572: 3446: 3192: 3011: 2792: 2674: 2632: 2553: 2513: 2403: 2331: 2238: 2098:

in 1073, who adopted a series of measures in the movement known as the

2033: 1741: 1639: 1603: 1477: 1437: 1228: 1128: 1123: 1073: 1058: 1053: 772: 689: 516: 504: 12888:

on the temporal power of the pope over governments and Innocent III's

10566: 10263: 10261: 8594:

When Time Shall be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture

6802:

and antipopes, attaches a footnote to its mention of Pope Stephen II:

6546:, it is not unusual for a village priest to be called a "pope" ("поп" 3847:". It became reserved for the pope in the 12th century and is used in 22941: 22662: 21891: 21498: 21154: 20460: 20275: 19923: 19822: 19019: 18076: 18071: 18041: 17737: 17500: 17484: 17469: 17313: 17203: 17081: 17071: 16939: 16718: 16099: 15934: 15875: 15744: 13884: 9653: 8676: 7951: 7338:. Grandes Livros da Religião. Editora Folio. 2008. pp. 89, 156–157. 7100: 6991: 6916: 6687: 6329: 6187: 6037: 6030: 5847: 5019: 4030: 3935: 3870: 3866: 3808: 3252: 3073: 2242: 2134: 1906: 1894: 1863: 1737: 1719: 1593: 1493: 1436:

headquartered in the distinctively independent Vatican City State, a

1363: 1240: 1183: 1133: 1113: 988: 824: 787: 777: 731: 701: 674: 614: 12400:"Vatican Can Be Sued For Priest Sexual Abuse: U.S. Court of Appeals" 10754:

Autoridade da Verdade – Momentos Obscuros do Magistério Eclesiástico

10057:(p. 83), and appearing as "thrones ascended by flights of steps" in 10024:, speaking of the honours paid to bishops in his time, mentions the 9648: 9626: 9495: 9234: 8229: 7285:

Autoridade da Verdade – Momentos Obscuros do Magistério Eclesiástico

7274:

Wetterau, Bruce. World history. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1994.

6355: 4260: 2176: 1897:

tribes were converted to Arian Christianity or Nicene Christianity;

1638:

The Catholic Church teaches that the pastoral office, the office of

23178: 21538: 20975: 20929: 20866: 20690: 20674: 20598: 19706: 19496: 19449: 19332: 18398: 18316: 18224: 18051: 17150: 16519: 16244: 16210: 16185: 15890: 15540: 15458: 15389: 15372: 13686: 11902: 11891: 11090: 11061: 10070: 9637: 9615: 8502: 6450: 6370: 6015: 5799: 5734: 4916: 4236: 4141: 4066: 4025: 3332: 3027: 2993: 2738: 2655: 2623: 2599: 2470:, and affirmed his unique authority in the early Christian Church. 2376:

when issuing a definition of faith or morals. Later the same year,

2330:

criticized the papacy as corrupt and characterized the pope as the

2272: 2024:

The low point of the papacy was 867–1049. This period includes the

1998: 1898: 1843: 1813: 1801: 1767: 1665: 1425: 1255: 1108: 878: 814: 647: 363: 258: 16260: 13100:(1990). "The Early Christian Community". In John McManners (ed.). 12990:"Saint Peter : The First Pope (Successors of Peter - Part 1)" 6779:(26 August – 28 September 1978): reigned for 34 calendar days 6717:(15–27 September 1590): reigned for 13 calendar days, died before 6006:, a major step toward establishing what later became known as the 3823:

Although the description "servant of the servants of God" (Latin:

3177:

Until 1978, the pope's election was followed in a few days by the

2013:

subdued the Lombards and donated Italian land to the papacy. When

1917: 22150: 21895: 21023: 21012: 20851: 18021: 16859: 16733: 16676: 15895: 15855: 13176:. Vol. VI. The Reformation. New York: Simon & Schuster. 12739:"Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod" 10133:"Sorry, Jorge Mario Bergoglio is not the first non-European pope" 10077:

oogle.com/books?id=_Ms7AAAAcAAJ Letter 203 in the old arrangement

9256: 9245: 8934:"Cyprian and Other Bishops at the Council of Carthage to Stephen" 6583: 6411:

A Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod

6183: 6151: 6067: 6063: 5958: 4383: 4306: 4149: 4145: 4113:

most frequently associated with the pope is the yellow and white

4070: 4016: 3804: 3741: 3670: 3638: 3514: 3283:

The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum—that is, a

2815: 2804: 2764: 2725: 2575:

that the church in Rome is "the church that presides over love".

2453: 2215: 1955: 1441: 1118: 736: 599: 571: 561: 10560: 10558: 10556: 9146:"Church Fathers: The Prescription Against Heretics (Tertullian)" 7160:"In Biden's visit with the pope, a page from Reagan's playbook?" 6745:(15 January – 4 February 708): reigned for 21 calendar days 2311: 1909:, later abandoned Arianism in favour of the established church. 23145: 21034: 20614: 19911: 18174: 17479: 17464: 17408: 17375: 15653: 12246:"How the Pope Helped Bring the United States and Cuba Together" 11115:

There are 35 instances of the use of this term in the Vulgate:

10596:

Lives of the Popes. The Pontiffs from St. Peter to John Paul II

6496: 6464: 6413:, which a small number of Lutheran church bodies now hold. The 6232: 6105: 5979: 4885: 4094: 4090: 3218: 3217:("Thus passes worldly glory"). A similar warning against papal 2866: 2068: 2064: 2049: 1902: 1599: 995: 963: 923: 792: 684: 454: 449: 21872:

Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon

13207:

The Limits of the Papacy: Authority and Autonomy in the Church

12964:"The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa" 10564: 9691: 8380: 8378: 8376: 6297:

included this passage in a larger statement on papal primacy:

6206: 2668:

Eusebius of Caesarea, Church History, Book III, Chapter 4:9-10

2171: 21880:

Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon

18272: 17440: 17404: 15885: 15860: 15530: 15466: 12423:"Vatican offers 3 reasons it's not liable in U.S. abuse case" 11801:"Vatican newspaper examines history of red, white papal garb" 11508:"Why is Pope Francis embracing the patriarchy (of the West)?" 11422:

Livius.org article by Jona Lendering retrieved 15 August 2006

10773: 10553: 6599: 5839: 5209: 4098: 4029:(fans made of white ostrich feathers), and sometimes a large 3328: 3229: 3135:, a dressing room where three sets of white papal vestments ( 2989: 2524:

was allotted the bishopric. To this Clement there succeeded

2361: 2237:

built up by the saints and by Christ, so that he could grant

1967: 1963: 1959: 1855: 1797: 1585: 1532: 1078: 948: 928: 883: 664: 21433:

legacy and branched where multiple denominational claimants:

20304:

Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples

18534: 9552: 8402:. pp. 101, 130, 149, 151, 159. Volume one. Gilberto Cotrim. 8351: 8349: 8347: 7893: 6757:(17 July – 9 August 1048): reigned for 24 calendar days 6698: 6142:", which is, strictly speaking, the immunity enjoyed by the 3807:(375–383) relinquished it. Tertullian, when he had become a 3038:

Since 1878, the election of the pope has taken place in the

2992:

in 1513, and the last to be elected when not a cardinal was

1736:, known as "the brother of the Lord", served as head of the 22196: 20186: 19465: 17445: 15880: 15462: 15439: 12827:"Doctrinal Position – The Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod" 12565: 11249: 10975:Études de Philologie, d'Archéologie et d'Histoire Anciennes 10642:

Beal, John P.; Coriden, James A.; Green, Thomas J. (2002).

10367:, published annually by Libreria Editrice Vaticana, p. 23. 10029: 8773:"What the Early Church Believed: The Authority of the Pope" 8373: 6470: 6285:

In 1973, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops'

4110: 3208: 3106:

are also rung as a signal that a new pope has been chosen.

2988:

in 1831, the last to be elected when not even a priest was

2853:

According to the Catholic Church, the pope is also the new

1687: 1619: 1445: 1326: 973: 13014:

Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012

8805:

The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity

6499:

the popes dress in white) and the cardinal prefect of the

6362:, by Lucas Cranach. This woodcut of John 13:14–17 is from 5947: 3528:

bishop in the West. In the East, it was used only for the

2892:, Eliakim receives the keys and power to close and open. 2180:

A historical map of the Mediterranean states in 1400. The

21722: 19091: 15324: 11558:

Examples are "Francesco" in the frontispiece of the 2013

10971:

Le collège pontifical: 3ème s. a. C. – 4ème s. p. C.

9806:"Vatican: Bells Will Also Announce Election of New Pope". 9713:

The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History

9206:"What the Early Church Believed: Peter's Roman Residency" 8597:. Harvard University Press. p. 61; cf. pp. 62, 274. 8519: 8517: 8361: 8344: 6773:(22 May – 23 June 964): reigned for 33 calendar days 6751:(9 April – 1 May 1555): reigned for 23 calendar days 6666:(1159–1181): 21 years, 11 months and 24 days (8,029 days) 6630:(1846–1878): 31 years, 7 months and 23 days (11,560 days) 4705: 4023:) in red uniforms, accompanied by two attendants bearing 3766:" (a book containing rites reserved for bishops, such as 3560:) is one of the official titles of the pope given in the 3121:

he receives a sufficient number of votes to become pope.

2700:

Tertullian, The Prescription Against Heretics, Chapter 32

2306: 2233:

The pope was understood to have the power to draw on the

983: 20421:

House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul

12890:

Letter to the prefect Acerbius and the nobles of Tuscany

8966:"Church Fathers: Against Heresies, III.3 (St. Irenaeus)" 6648:(1775–1799): 24 years, 6 months and 15 days (8,962 days) 6636:(1978–2005): 26 years, 5 months and 18 days (9,665 days) 6624:–64/68): c. 34 – c. 38 years (Around 12,000–14,000 days) 6029:, an ambitious if spectacularly corrupt politician, and 3912:" (Most Blessed Father) is often used in preference to " 3637:, the description "vicar of Peter" is found also in the 3312:

and John Paul II. The cardinal camerlengo retrieves the

2383:

from the pope's control and substantially completed the

1819: 15388: 13578:– website for the past and present Holy Fathers (since 12785:. Church of the Lutheran Confession. 10 December 2011. 12454:"Richard Dawkins calls for arrest of Pope Benedict XVI" 8529: 6660:(1800–1823): 23 years, 5 months and 7 days (8,560 days) 6654:(772–795): 23 years, 10 months and 25 days (8,729 days) 6425:, and the Illinois Lutheran Conference all hold to the 3221:

made on this occasion was the traditional exclamation,

2865:, managed the palace staff, and handled state affairs. 2785:) and the bishop of Rome has succeeded to Saint Peter. 2520:; and after him, in the third place from the apostles, 2214:

From 1309 to 1377, the pope resided not in Rome but in

1362:. From the eighth century until 1870, the pope was the 21909:

Catholicos of All Armenians (Patriarch of Etchmiadzin)

12741:. Lutheran Churches of the Reformation. Archived from 11688:"Vatican: The Possible Return of the Sedia Gestatoria" 11457: 9057:"Church Fathers: Epistle to the Romans (St. Ignatius)" 8998:

Ante-Nicene Fathers Vol. I, Against Heresies: Book III

8514: 7234:

Keepers of the keys of heaven: a history of the papacy

6678:(440–461): 21 years, 1 month, and 13 days (7,713 days) 6642:(1878–1903): 25 years, 5 months and 1 day (9,281 days) 6261:. These churches see no foundation to papal claims of 3811:, used the title derisively of either the pope or the 2356:, the popes focused on spiritual issues. In 1870, the 2133:

began reforms that would lead to the establishment of

1748:, and according to tradition Paul was martyred there. 23194: 13059:

One Faith, One Lord: A Study of Basic Catholic Belief

11718:"Vatican City (Holy See) – The Keys and Coat of Arms" 11326:

Annuario Pontificio 2008 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana

10384: 8938:

Letters (1–81) (The Fathers of the Church, Volume 51)

8227: 6672:(314–335): 21 years, 11 months and 1 day (8,005 days) 6307:

tradition that reached back into the eleventh century

2719:

Tertullian, Prescription against Heretics, Chapter 32

2658:

was sent to Gaul; but Linus, whom he mentions in the

2654:

As to the rest of his followers, Paul testifies that

2406:, guaranteeing papal independence from secular rule. 2252:, who sometimes attempted to assert the authority of 22869:

2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.

20314:

Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches

13332: 12085:

Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs

11343: 10849:. Huntington, Ind: Our Sunday Visitor. p. 991. 10592:

Os Papas. Os Pontífices de São Pedro a João Paulo II

9905:"Papal Transition: Traditional Path Sharply Defined" 6767:(1–27 April 1605): both reigned for 27 calendar days 5150:

Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See

3835:, it was first used extensively as a papal title by 3445:

Popes adopt a new name on their accession, known as

2561:

Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies III, Chapter 3.2

21338:

Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions

20489: 20371: 18794:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici

13351: 13337:. Merchantville, New Jersey: Evolution Publishing. 12532: 10076: 6405:. In 1932, one of these Confessional churches, the 5545:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici

5155:

Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See

3827:) was also used by other Church leaders, including 3591:, as can be observed already in his 1199 letter to 3517:

signed as "Paulus PP. VI", the "PP." standing for "

2709:was ordained by Saint Peter as the bishop of Rome. 2532:followed Evaristus; then, sixth from the apostles, 2423:since papal infallibility was explicitly declared. 2368:for the most solemn occasions when the pope speaks 1977:Gregory's successors were largely dominated by the 13458: 13192: 13190: 12811:. The Illinois Lutheran Conference. Archived from 12484: 11349: 11241: 10637: 10635: 9673:"Popes and conclaves: everything you need to know" 8257:(10 edição). Editora Paulinas. pp. 296, 696, 736. 7962: 7960: 7762: 7760: 7136:. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 1993. 6287:Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs 6150:"the Vatican", "Vatican City", and even "Rome" as 3729:) The head of the college was known as the Latin: 2949: 2275:challenged papal authority, especially during the 2144:had succeeded in controlling much of the southern 2009:. He appealed to the Franks to protect his lands. 21407: 15634:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province 11564:published in Italian shortly after his election ( 11004: 11002: 10846:Church & State: A Novel of Politics and Power 10397:. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 10036:Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Christian Antiquities 7306: 6572:disassociated themselves from the Catholic Church 5510:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City 5294:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City 4073:(i.e., crossed over one another so as to form an 3818: 3757: 2617: 2504:. The list covers the period from Saint Peter to 1706: 23230: 22872:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members. 13633: 13227:History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages 12369:"The autonomy of bishops, and suing the Vatican" 12342:"U.S. Says Pope Immune From Molestation Lawsuit" 11769:Bagliani, Agostino Paravicini (21 August 2013). 10716:Catholic Encyclopedia: The Fathers of the Church 10686:Catholic Encyclopedia: The Fathers of the Church 10641: 9546: 9467:Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible 8120:"Saint Paul the Apostle | Biography & Facts" 7834:Catholic Encyclopedia: The Fathers of the Church 7576: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7254: 6570:within Christianity, especially those that have 6301:In calling the pope the "Antichrist", the early 5994:to gain this land, which formed the core of the 3774:), and "pontificals" (the insignia of bishops). 10814:"Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution 10632: 10520:"pope | Definition, Title, & List of Popes" 8417: 8415: 7957: 7757: 6525:Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa 5042:Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia) 4603:Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State 4271:, is carried through St. Peter's Basilica on a 4218:1881 illustration depicting papal infallibility 3916:" (Most Holy Father). In the medieval period, " 3353:It is highly unusual for a pope to resign. The 3236:("while the see is vacant"), refers to a papal 2935:In Matthew 16:18 Peter was compared to a rock. 23163:Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma 13566:Pope Endurance League – Sortable list of Popes 13515: 13102:The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity 11947:Denzinger 3073–3075 (old numbering, 1839–1840) 10999: 8315:Corso di Storia, per le scuole medie superiori 6986:The papacy was an influence in regulating the 6501:Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples 5818:, situated on the site of the ancient city of 4033:, carried by eight attendants. The use of the 3327:for several days before being interred in the 2765:Saint Peter and the origin of the papal office 22897: 22182: 21393: 20630: 20472:Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide 19481: 18358: 16276: 15340: 13619: 12344:. Fox News. 20 September 2005. Archived from 12274: 12145:. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 584–595. 11033:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (eds.). 10333: 9031:, 1517 Media, pp. 163–192, 18 May 2016, 8841:Cartago), Cipriano (Santo, Obispo de (1984). 8730:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 8549:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 7904:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. p. 5. 7869:"Letter of Ignatius of Antioch to the Romans" 7724:(Lumen Gentium, Pope Paul VI 1964, Chapter 3) 7356:"The Role of the Vatican in the Modern World" 7312: 7251: 6828:Published every year by the Roman Curia, the 5793: 5759: 3803:and thereafter, by the Roman emperors, until 3259:, who was in turn followed by Argentine-born 2861:of the Bible who directed the affairs of the 2646:As recorded by Eusebius, Clement worked with 1633: 1280: 21421:Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of 13241: 11247: 10682:"Prescription against Heretics (Chapter 28)" 10586: 10584: 10439: 9697: 9659: 8879:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8412: 7626: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7122: 7120: 6739:(December 897): reigned for 20 calendar days 6606:, the pope with the longest verifiable reign 6429:, which the LCMS places on its website. The 6233:Orthodox, Anglican and Old Catholic churches 5052:Undersecretaries for Relations with States: 4638:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State 2737:(today's Algeria) and a contemporary of the 2211:, popes struggled with monarchs over power. 181:(Current and preferred residence of Francis) 43:For a chronological list of incumbents, see 22911: 22099:Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia 19900:Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe 13392: 13075: 11430: 11428: 9927: 9587:"Where Is the Papacy in the Old Testament?" 9087:"Church Fathers: Letter 53 (St. Augustine)" 8668: 8551:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005. 8508: 8249: 8247: 7970:The Catholic church: its origins and nature 7966: 7937:(in German), 1901, pp. 1 sqq., 161 sqq 7852: 7770:The Catholic church: its origins and nature 7766: 7456: 6973: 6958: 6950: 6274: 6201: 6126:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See 5064:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See 4756:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See 4321: 3481:, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, 3185:, with the newly elected pope borne in the 2433: 2418: 2369: 2226:, alienating France's enemies, such as the 2172:East–West Schism to Reformation (1054–1517) 2058:Conflict between the Emperor and the papacy 2025: 1989:. These humiliations, the weakening of the 1650: 1623: 1520: 1405:was conferred by Jesus, who gave Peter the 65: 22904: 22890: 22189: 22175: 21738:Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria 21717:Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria 21400: 21386: 20637: 20623: 19488: 19474: 18365: 18351: 18205:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 16283: 16269: 15347: 15333: 13626: 13612: 13477: 13125:Saints and Sinners, a History of the Popes 12603:"Differing Attitudes Toward Papal Primacy" 12168:"Chile, Argentina Sign Protocol on Beagle" 10470:. Ndl.go.jp. 4 August 2005. Archived from 8541: 8325: 8323: 6763:(22 September – 18 October 1503) and 6693: 6506: 5766: 5752: 5680:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes 4291:Among the principal duties of bishops the 3875:From 1863 to 2005, and again in 2024, the 3681:, which literally means "bridge builder" ( 3452: 2612:Augustine of Hippo, Letter 53, Paragraph 2 2417:as dogma, the only time a pope has spoken 1885:, the capital, wielded much power, in the 1287: 1273: 93: 22113:Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea 21864:Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad 21705:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria 21575:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 18821:Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri 18372: 13203: 12937: 12406:. McKiggan Hebert Lawyers. Archived from 12275:Dworkin, Anthony; Iliopoulos, Katherine. 12112:"The pope flashes his political passions" 11628:"Dictionary : Ring of the Fisherman" 11435:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 11304:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 11039:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 11019:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities 10616:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 10581: 9895:27 December 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 9854:, Harvard University Press (1996), p. 99. 9841:15 February 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 8808:. Yale University Press. pp. 47–48. 8732:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 8083:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 7997: 7797: 7604:The Eucharistic Prayers of the Roman Rite 7517:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 7499: 7117: 7092: 6727:(April 896): reigned for 16 calendar days 6594: 6589: 6482: 6119: 5829:" are ecclesiastical terminology for the 4454:History of the Catholic Church since 1962 4255: 3174:along with his newly chosen regnal name. 2759:Optatus, The Schism of the Donatists, 2:2 2279:(1378–1417). It came to a close when the 1718:Sources suggest that at first, the terms 21769:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem 21665:Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch 20229:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 15575:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 13494: 13370: 13296:. London: Marshall, Morgan & Scott. 13096: 13079:A Concise History of the Catholic Church 12420: 12397: 12243: 12165: 11768: 11425: 11390:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2013. 11356:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 11032: 11026: 10947:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2013. 10780:. New York: Paulist Press. p. 264. 10777:The Practical Prophet: Pastoral Writings 10774:Untener, Ken; Picken, Elizabeth (2007). 10417:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2013. 10242:. Time.com. 3 April 2005. Archived from 9968:24 January 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 9818:30 October 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 8840: 8395: 8393: 8309: 8307: 8244: 6697: 6598: 6489:superior general of the Society of Jesus 6369: 6354: 6205: 5957: 5777: 5600:Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss 4259: 4213: 4199: 4052: 3922:" ("the Apostolic Lord") was also used. 3854: 3652: 3551: 3270: 3072: 3021: 2964: 2871: 2639:as the third bishop of Rome in his book 2310: 2175: 2140:Since the beginning of the 7th century, 1916: 1519:for rare occasions when the pope speaks 1393:is largely derived from his role as the 36:. For the pontiffs of ancient Rome, see 22197:Heads of state and government of Europe 21938:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople 21657:Syriac Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch 21624:Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 21590:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople 15619:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church 15614:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles 13536: 13456: 13229:. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner. 12645:Ian Paisley, The Pope is the Antichrist 12482: 12305:Immunity and International Criminal Law 12301: 12143:Postwar: a history of Europe since 1945 11886:The texts of these canons are given in 10712:"On the Veiling of Virgins (Chapter 1)" 10645:New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law 10565:Fanning, William Henry Windsor (1913). 10079:, 23 in the chronological rearrangement 9991:. 5 April 2005. Retrieved 25 July 2021. 9918:. 2 April 2005. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 9783:. Holy See Press Office. Archived from 8728:"Counter-Reformation". Cross, FL, ed., 8699: 8629: 8320: 6383:Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist 6364:Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist 6219:Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist 5455:Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica 4155: 3980: 3851:and similar important papal documents. 3689:) and which designated a member of the 3583:used "vicar of Christ" to refer to the 14: 23239:30s establishments in the Roman Empire 23231: 21642:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 16664: 13424:. New York: Fordham University Press. 13376:A Short History of the Catholic Church 13352:Noble, Thomas; Strauss, Barry (2005). 13224: 13166: 13142: 12515: 12509: 12204: 12078: 11724:from the original on 23 September 2010 11698:from the original on 22 September 2020 11578:a letter in Italian dated 1 April 2014 11022:. London: J. Murray. pp. 939–942. 9978:"The Process of Electing the New Pope" 9748: 8893: 8844:The Letters of St. Cyprian of Carthage 8801: 8633:Printing, Propaganda and Martin Luther 8535: 8523: 8384: 8367: 8355: 7651: 7577:Greer, Thomas H.; Gavin Lewis (2004). 7551: 6857:Index of Vatican City-related articles 6289:and the USA National Committee of the 6237:Other traditional Christian churches ( 5505:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah 5289:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah 4995:Prefecture of the Pontifical Household 4576:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches 2584:Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to Romans 2307:Reformation to present (1517 to today) 1751:During the 1st century of the Church ( 1626:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum 1561: 1374:, and since 1929, of the much smaller 22885: 22170: 21381: 20618: 19966: 19469: 18346: 16264: 15328: 13607: 13414: 13269: 13191:Franzen, August; Dolan, John (1969). 13118: 13056: 12859:from the original on 17 November 2016 12678:An Exegesis of 2 Thessalonians 2:1–10 12609:from the original on 18 December 2018 12538: 12497:from the original on 23 February 2015 12451: 12366: 12109: 11968:from the original on 6 September 2014 11811:from the original on 24 December 2014 11750:from the original on 26 February 2020 11278:from the original on 22 November 2010 11008: 10919:from the original on 30 November 2011 10889:from the original on 27 November 2011 10824:from the original on 6 September 2014 10500:from the original on 30 November 2011 10225:. Boston: Walker & Company, 1984. 10173:from the original on 22 November 2019 9709: 9397:from the original on 13 November 2012 9305: 9267: 9186:from the original on 27 February 2023 8706:. Taylor & Francis. p. 301. 8590: 8390: 8304: 7840:from the original on 25 November 2019 7830:"Letter to the Corinthians (Clement)" 7745:from the original on 6 September 2014 7718: 7706:from the original on 6 September 2010 7631:. Government Institutes. p. xv. 7601: 7462: 7444:from the original on 25 December 2018 7414:from the original on 30 December 2012 7384:from the original on 30 December 2012 7046: 6348:from 2 Thessalonians 2:3–12, and the 6058:placed England under interdict until 5550:Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope 5309:Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences 5046:Secretary for Relations with States: 4511:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State 3783:Summus Pontifex Ecclesiae Universalis 3579:. Earlier still, in the 3rd century, 3081:" after the election of Pope Martin V 3042:, in a sequestered meeting called a " 2315:As part of the Catholic Reformation, 1820:Nicaea to East–West Schism (325–1054) 1509:broad secular and political influence 22006:Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć 21582:Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople 19256: 13436:from the original on 25 January 2022 13315:The Catholic Church: A Short History 13308: 13288: 12833:from the original on 15 January 2013 12763:from the original on 3 December 2015 12640:Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod 12256:from the original on 28 January 2023 12186:from the original on 2 December 2015 12166:Andersen, Martin (19 October 1984). 12140: 12122:from the original on 5 December 2022 12079:Byrnes, Timothy (26 November 2019). 11994:from the original on 15 October 2012 11938:Denzinger 3064 (old numbering, 1831) 11929:Denzinger 3058 (old numbering, 1825) 11920:Denzinger 3055 (old numbering, 1823) 11568:, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, 11540:from the original on 15 January 2021 11470:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 11260:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 10842: 10692:from the original on 17 October 2012 10577:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 10388:"Ecclesiastical Abbreviations" 10279:from the original on 15 January 2020 10223:Pope John Paul II: The People's Pope 9863:Menachery George, Vatican Adventure 9419: 9176:"Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Optatus" 9067:from the original on 7 December 2019 8994: 8822:from the original on 5 November 2022 8491:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. 8468:The Catholic Church Through the Ages 8448:from the original on 4 February 2013 8422:Movimentos de Rennovação e Reforma 8240:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 7861: 7822: 7656:. Liturgical Press. pp. 28–29. 7579:A Brief History of the Western World 7325:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 7277: 7214:from the original on 18 January 2017 7024:: "In Phanar, on 25 July 1976, when 6431:Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod 6415:Lutheran Churches of the Reformation 6116:between the United States and Cuba. 4608:Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City 4231:, and the visible head of the whole 4164: 4015:, a mobile throne carried by twelve 3621:) and "Vicar of the Apostolic See" ( 3287:("vacant seat")—were promulgated by 3195:, the new pope was crowned with the 2540:, who was gloriously martyred; then 2121:, was only resolved in 1122, by the 1796:for observing Easter on the 14th of 1547:, with a vast network of charities. 23087:Church and state in medieval Europe 20504:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi 16290: 15639:Sovereign of the Vatican City State 12789:from the original on 13 August 2020 12583:from the original on 13 August 2022 12398:McKiggan, John (27 November 2008). 12244:Chandler, Adam (17 December 2014). 12061:: Roman Catholic Church, History of 11077:Translated literally into Greek as 10203:from the original on 16 August 2023 9730:from the original on 16 August 2023 9391:Christian Classics Ethereal Library 8914:from the original on 16 August 2023 8897:Discussions in History and Theology 8861:from the original on 16 August 2023 8611:from the original on 19 August 2020 8572:from the original on 19 August 2020 8547:"Conciliar theory". Cross, FL, ed. 8085:, 1997 edition revised 2005, p. 211 7908:from the original on 6 January 2019 6517:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria 6401:("insofar as") subscription to the 6245:, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the 6130:Under international law, a serving 5878:Sovereign of the Vatican City State 5861:, who served from 2017 until 2024. 5115:Institute for the Works of Religion 5095:The Holy See and the United Nations 3145:camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church 2571:(died c. 108/140 AD) wrote in his " 2484:Cyprian of Carthage, Letter 55, 8.4 2466:(c. 251 AD), which is addressed to 2044:, held orgies of debauchery in the 1504:, and the defence of human rights. 27:Visible head of the Catholic Church 24: 21930:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem 21776:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem 20696:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 20509:Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua 20219:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 15560:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 15537:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 13598:The Authority of the Pope: Part II 13501:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 13450: 13057:Barry, Rev. Msgr. John F. (2002). 12996:from the original on 30 April 2023 12676:, 2 Thessalonians chapter two and 12553:from the original on 8 August 2022 12433:from the original on 13 April 2013 12421:Winfield, Nicole (30 March 2010). 12091:from the original on 21 March 2023 11668:from the original on 19 March 2021 11638:from the original on 28 March 2019 11394:from the original on 18 March 2013 10794:from the original on 19 March 2021 10662:from the original on 19 March 2021 10496:. Acronyms.thefreedictionary.com. 10334:Brown, Andrew (11 February 2013). 10130: 9828:"A quick course in 'Conclave 101'" 9761:from the original on 6 August 2020 9597:from the original on 16 March 2023 9567:from the original on 28 March 2013 9563:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 9377: 9315:Word Pictures of the New Testament 9156:from the original on 17 March 2023 9126:from the original on 29 April 2023 9097:from the original on 28 March 2023 9005:from the original on 22 March 2023 8783:from the original on 29 March 2023 8753:from the original on 29 March 2023 8710:from the original on 19 March 2021 8650:from the original on 19 March 2021 8562:"Fall of Constantinople | Summary" 8333:. Barnes & Noble. pp. 14, 21. 8317:. Milão. Editora Principato. 1986. 8313:Gaeta, Franco; Villani, Pasquale. 8130:from the original on 30 April 2015 7554:Evangelical Dictionary of Theology 7542:, Houghton Mifflin: Boston, p. 236 7434:"The World's Most Powerful People" 7404:"The World's Most Powerful People" 7374:"The World's Most Powerful People" 7293:O papa tem poder temporal absoluto 6902:Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church 6319:papal claim to unlimited authority 6221:. The pope is signing and selling 6066:to the pope, complete with yearly 6002:the Frankish ruler Charlemagne as 5804:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 5665:Collection of Modern Religious Art 4691:List of newspapers in Vatican City 4633:Association of Vatican Lay Workers 4516:Capital punishment in Vatican City 4003:(better known in the Italian form 3648: 1531:'—to issue a formal definition of 627:Administrative and pastoral titles 249:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 25: 23295: 23254:Episcopacy in the Catholic Church 23054:Norman conquest of southern Italy 22773:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 22443:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 21921:Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia 21827:Latin Catholic titular episcopate 21634:Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia 20287:Pontifical North American College 19849:Section for Relations with States 19102:Postage stamps and postal history 13592:The Authority of the Pope: Part I 13559: 13257:from the original on 8 April 2012 13034:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 12899:. For objection to this, see the 12759:. Concordia Lutheran Conference. 12719:Passional Christi und Antichristi 12322:from the original on 28 July 2020 12279:. Crimesofwar.org. Archived from 12225:from the original on 14 June 2023 12205:Hooper, John (17 December 2014). 12110:Toosi, Nahal (18 February 2016). 11488:from the original on 3 March 2021 11051:– via perseus.uchicago.edu. 10951:from the original on 13 June 2013 10530:from the original on 11 July 2017 10448:from the original on 25 July 2013 10421:from the original on 12 June 2013 10346:from the original on 1 March 2013 10143:from the original on 18 July 2021 10112:from the original on 19 July 2018 10091:, equivalent to a temporal clause 9936:from the original on 25 July 2021 9679:from the original on 15 July 2017 9553:O'Connor, Daniel William (2013). 9457: 9216:from the original on 9 April 2023 8976:from the original on 1 March 2023 8107:Cambridge History of Christianity 8095:Cambridge History of Christianity 7894:O'Connor, Daniel William (2013). 7581:. Cengage Learning. p. 172. 7519:, Oxford University Press, 2005, 7152: 7140:from the original on 3 March 2021 7067:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Pope" 6872:List of current Christian leaders 6836:and some mid-11th-century popes. 6423:Church of the Lutheran Confession 6317:. What Lutherans understood as a 5864: 5842:narrative of Jews of the ancient 5660:Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling 5120:Telephone numbers in Vatican City 5015:Section for Relations with States 4751:Foreign relations of the Holy See 4706:.va (Vatican City internet sites) 4120: 2833:the keys of the kingdom of heaven 2688:The Prescription Against Heretics 2444: 1618:in an Old English translation of 1428:. It is the Holy See that is the 23216: 23204: 23177: 22149: 21730:Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria 21362: 21361: 20644: 20597: 20585: 19981:Extraordinary general assemblies 19448: 19436: 19243:Philatelic and Numismatic Office 18327: 18326: 18315: 18283:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 17831:Criticism of the Catholic Church 16243: 16231: 15306: 15295: 15294: 13465:. Princeton, N.J: Van Nostrand. 13061:. New York: William H. Sadlier. 13025: 13008: 12982: 12970:from the original on 5 July 2013 12956: 12925: 12906: 12871: 12845: 12819: 12801: 12775: 12749: 12731: 12712: 12690: 12657: 12621: 12595: 12539:Hymas, Charles (6 August 2022). 12516:Pentin, Edward (15 April 2010). 12486:"Is the Holy See above the law?" 12476: 12445: 12414: 12391: 12379:from the original on 24 May 2010 12360: 12334: 12295: 12268: 12237: 12198: 12159: 12134: 12103: 12072: 12049: 12030: 12018: 12006: 11980: 11950: 11941: 11932: 11923: 11914: 11880: 11823: 11793: 11762: 11736: 11710: 11680: 11650: 11620: 11608:from the original on 7 July 2014 11590: 11552: 11522: 11500: 11474: 11464:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 11451: 11406: 11374: 11337: 11320: 11290: 11264: 11254:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 11109: 11071: 11055: 10987:Bryn Mawr Classical review, 2003 10963: 10931: 10901: 10875: 10863:from the original on 26 May 2013 10836: 10806: 10767: 10746: 10734: 10722:from the original on 20 May 2013 10704: 10674: 10609: 10571:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 10542: 10512: 10486: 10468:"Contractions and Abbreviations" 10460: 10433: 10401: 10391:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 10378: 10358: 10327: 10315:from the original on 16 May 2020 10301: 10291: 10269:"Global Catholic Network | EWTN" 10228: 10215: 10185: 10155: 10124: 10094: 10082: 10034:William Smith, Samuel Cheetham, 10014: 10002:Universi Dominici Gregis, No. 89 9994: 9971: 9948: 9921: 9898: 9876: 9857: 9844: 9821: 9799: 9773: 9742: 9716:. Liturgical Press. p. 96. 9703: 9665: 9642: 9631: 9620: 9609: 9579: 9527: 9508: 9489: 9473:from the original on 14 May 2013 9451: 9435:from the original on 14 May 2013 9431:. 1917 edition. StudyLight.org. 9413: 9371: 9355:from the original on 14 May 2013 9339: 9333: 9321:from the original on 14 May 2013 9299: 9283:from the original on 14 May 2013 9261: 8234:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 7875:from the original on 8 July 2011 7606:. Liturgical Press. p. 63. 7319:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 7190:"News from The Associated Press" 7133:Catechism of the Catholic Church 6912:List of popes who died violently 6824:nor in other lists of the popes. 6263:universal immediate jurisdiction 6177:sexual abuse by Catholic priests 6164:Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 5883: 5733: 5721: 5345:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore 4776:Holy See–United States relations 4484:Vatican City during World War II 4329: 4168: 3951: 3934: 3904:Other titles commonly used are " 3883:". This title was first used by 3389: 3111:dean of the College of Cardinals 2303:and ended the Byzantine Empire. 2291:(1272–1274) and secondly in the 2204:, and driving into Greek Italy. 1891:fall of the Western Roman Empire 1254: 918:Consecrated and professed titles 362: 335: 294: 108: 22054:Patriarchate of the East Indies 22038:Patriarchate of the West Indies 21784:Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem 21429:, sorted according to earliest 21311:Latin Church in the Middle East 20449:Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo 20349:Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo 20329:Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary 20128:Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno 16450:First seven ecumenical councils 13544:. London: Chatto & Windus. 13049: 12914:Smalcald Articles, Article four 12483:Roberts, Ivor (13 April 2010). 11458:Meehan, Andrew Brennan (1913). 10309:"Code of Canon Law – IntraText" 9250: 9239: 9228: 9198: 9168: 9138: 9109: 9079: 9049: 9017: 8988: 8958: 8926: 8887: 8834: 8795: 8765: 8735: 8722: 8693: 8662: 8623: 8584: 8554: 8481: 8460: 8434: 8287: 8268: 8221: 8209:Canons of the Council of Nicaea 8201: 8180: 8155: 8142: 8112: 8100: 8088: 8076: 8067: 8058: 8042:Emmanuel Clapsis, Papal Primacy 8034: 8022: 7991: 7954:, transmitted on 23 March 2008. 7948:The Secrets of the 12 Disciples 7941: 7927: 7887: 7791: 7727: 7692: 7683: 7670: 7645: 7620: 7595: 7570: 7556:. Baker Academic. p. 888. 7545: 7532: 7426: 7396: 7366: 7348: 7329: 7226: 7200: 7170:from the original on 7 May 2022 7014: 7005: 6980: 5515:Public holidays in Vatican City 5365:Fountains of St. Peter's Square 5299:Public holidays in Vatican City 5145:Financial Information Authority 4267:, wearing the traditional 1877 4085:with three gold crowns and red 3899: 3164:Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum! 3151:) and to receive his blessing. 2950:Election, death and resignation 2831:are a reference to the phrase " 2635:as Saint Peter's successor and 2508:who served from 174 to 189 AD. 1881:controlled the church, and the 1492:, modern popes are involved in 1476:was founded by Saint Peter and 1456:and the Holy See to ensure its 1412:While his office is called the 1389:From a Catholic viewpoint, the 160:Ecclesiastical Province of Rome 23279:Catholic ecclesiastical titles 23141:Separation of church and state 22046:Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia 20138:Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo 18631:Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena 18427:Vicar General for Vatican City 17025:Separation of church and state 15644:Servant of the servants of God 13576:The Holy See – The Holy Father 13516:Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. (1997). 13333:Loomis, Louise Ropes (2006) . 13272:Oxford Dictionary of the Popes 12367:Allen, John L. (21 May 2010). 11437:(Oxford University Press 2005 11087:Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum 11066:Corpus Inscriptionum Atticarum 10977:, no. 39. (Brussels: Brepols) 10752:Faus, José Ignacio Gonzáles. " 10648:. Paulist Press. p. 432. 10618:(Oxford University Press 2005 10385:Shahan, Thomas Joseph (1907). 9710:Kelly, Joseph Francis (2009). 9115: 8636:. Fortress Press. p. 90. 8487:Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1997). 8400:História Global Brasil e Geral 8228:Chapman, Henry Palmer (1913). 8150:Oxford History of Christianity 7283:Faus, José Ignacio Gonzáles. " 7182: 7086: 7059: 6967: 6944: 6935: 6862:Legends surrounding the papacy 6847:Bishops in the Catholic Church 6471:Other uses of the title "Pope" 6407:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod 6169:United States Court of Appeals 5785:, bishop of Rome, seated, and 5304:Pontifical Academy of Sciences 5135:Rail transport in Vatican City 5077:Vatican and Holy See passports 4666:Secretariat for Communications 4561:Tribunal of Vatican City State 4556:Temporal power of the Holy See 4160: 3819:Servant of the servants of God 3619:Vicarius Principis Apostolorum 3507:Servant of the servants of God 3440: 3342: 3158:announces from a balcony over 2848: 2618:Other early Christian mentions 2248:Popes also contended with the 2152:, asked for military aid from 1912: 1507:Over time, the papacy accrued 13: 1: 21673:Latin Patriarchate of Antioch 20401:Pontifical Oriental Institute 18588:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 18484:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi 13522:. London: Thames and Hudson. 12783:"The Brief Statement of 1932" 12452:Horne, Mark (10 April 2010). 10913:, Vatican City, 2008, p. 928" 9749:Effron, Lauren (March 2013). 9463:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9425:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9383:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9349:Exposition of the Whole Bible 9345:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9311:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9273:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 8847:. Paulist Press. p. 38. 8802:Wilken, Robert Louis (2012). 8672:Encyclopedia Of Protestantism 8669:Hillerbrand, Hans J. (2004). 8630:Edwards, Mark U. Jr. (2004). 8444:. Portalsaofrancisco.com.br. 7295:, pp. 49–55. Edições Loyola. 7039: 6618: 6419:Concordia Lutheran Conference 6255:Independent Catholic churches 6086:in 1570 excommunicated Queen 5610:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi 5390:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 4871:President: G. di Sanguinetto 4277: 3843:, who had assumed the title " 2398:and the Holy See established 1948: 1933: 1922: 1866:, and several other bishops. 1804:, a tradition handed down by 1752: 1708: 1672: 1391:primacy of the bishop of Rome 1069:Captain General of the Church 485:Assistant to the papal throne 23032:First Council of the Lateran 22967:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 20224:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 19495: 18882:Santo Stefano degli Abissini 15667:Coat of arms of the Holy See 15570:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 13076:Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004). 12472:– via Richard Dawkins. 11600:Ecclesiastical Abbreviations 11274:. Dictionary.reference.com. 11098:Liddell and Scott: ἀρχιερεύς 8894:Fisher, George Park (1880). 7093:Levillain, Philippe (2002). 6705:, the shortest-reigning pope 6690:, he is not included there. 6444: 6322:over everything and everyone 6186:campaigners and a prominent 6110:mediated the Beagle conflict 6054:to invade Ireland. In 1207, 5605:Santo Stefano degli Abissini 5205:Coat of arms of Vatican City 4771:Holy See–Palestine relations 4685:L'Osservatore della Domenica 4531:Legal status of the Holy See 3925: 3691:principal college of priests 3645:for a saint who was a pope. 3613:The title "vicar of Peter" ( 3162:the following proclamation: 2705:According to the same book, 2254:Catholic Ecumenical Councils 1972:approaching end of the world 1720: 1594: 1490:Christian faith and doctrine 1327: 7: 23027:First Battle of Langensalza 22972:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 20406:Pontifical Lombard Seminary 20282:Pontifical Urban University 19976:Ordinary general assemblies 19723:Cardinal Secretary of State 19271:Vatican Information Service 19111:Secretariat for the Economy 18967:Cardinal Secretary of State 18709:Modern and Contemporary Art 16169:Pontifical colleges in Rome 13457:Brusher, Joseph S. (1959). 13204:Granfield, Patrick (1987). 13104:. Oxford University Press. 12629:Statement on the Antichrist 11510:. The Pillar. 10 April 2024 11461:"Servus servorum Dei" 10048:Sparrow-Simpson translation 10046:, "elevated stalls" in the 9930:"The Ring of the Fisherman" 9387:Wesley's Notes on the Bible 9307:Robertson, Archibald Thomas 7935:Zeitschr. fur Kirchengesch. 7291:, pp. 64–65 and chapter 6: 7096:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia 6839: 6682:During the Western Schism, 6239:Assyrian Church of the East 5889:Coat of arms of the Vatican 5580:Cardinal Secretary of State 5385:Mater Ecclesiae (monastery) 5140:Secretariat for the Economy 5030:Status in international law 5025:Multilateral foreign policy 4788:Governorate of Vatican City 4701:Vatican Information Service 4593:LGBT rights in Vatican City 4464:Roman Historical Institutes 3505:of the Vatican City State, 3495:Archbishop and Metropolitan 3131:The new pope is led to the 3077:The formal declaration of " 2954: 2743:The Schism of the Donatists 2686:220 AD) wrote in his work " 2378:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy 2198:slight divergences of creed 1883:patriarch of Constantinople 1862:for his Trinitarian faith, 1440:which forms a geographical 1217:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 10: 23300: 23264:Religious leadership roles 22927:Atto (archbishop of Milan) 20499:Basilica of the Holy House 20123:Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino 19531:Sovereignty and government 19401:Amateur Sports Association 18845:San Pellegrino in Vaticano 18772:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri 18322:Catholic Church portal 16250:Catholic Church portal 15484:properties of the Holy See 15354: 13600:(archived 21 October 2011) 13594:(archived 30 October 2011) 13478:Chamberlin, E. R. (1969). 13247:"Universi Dominici Gregis" 11085:(greatest high priest) in 11082: 10059:the Cunningham translation 9429:Scofield's Reference Notes 8029:The Early Christian Church 7627:O'Malley, John W. (2009). 7552:Elwell, Walter A. (2001). 6684:Avignon Pope Benedict XIII 6544:Macedonian Orthodox Church 6448: 6352:from Revelation 13:11–18. 6309:. Not only dissidents and 6295:Catholic–Lutheran dialogue 6281:Historicism (Christianity) 6278: 6144:diplomatic representatives 6123: 5868: 5825:The names "Holy See" and " 5794:Residence and jurisdiction 5540:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri 5535:San Pellegrino in Vaticano 5170:Properties of the Holy See 4203: 3987:Papal regalia and insignia 3984: 3914:Santísimo/Santissimo Padre 3910:Beatísimo/Beatissimo Padre 3864: 3858: 3758: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3623:Vicarius Sedis Apostolicae 3456: 3346: 2958: 2768: 2536:was appointed; after him, 2437: 2319:(1534–1549) initiated the 1823: 1634:Position within the Church 1586: 1565: 1554: 1550: 1444:within the conurbation of 1350:. He is also known as the 1316: 1261:Catholic Church portal 175:(Official papal residence) 42: 31: 23172: 23154: 23074: 23044:Saxon revolt of 1077–1088 22995: 22919: 22862: 22842: 22811: 22543: 22532: 22512: 22481: 22213: 22202: 22144: 22123: 22078: 22023: 21964: 21890: 21845: 21805: 21798: 21748: 21683: 21600: 21553: 21517: 21497: 21476: 21419: 21351: 21333:Eastern Catholic Churches 21298: 21212: 21165: 21104: 21091: 21066: 20998: 20920: 20805: 20742: 20667: 20652: 20580: 20525: 20456:Gardens of the Villa Cybo 20439: 20309:Palace of the Holy Office 20299:Palazzo della Cancelleria 20271:Palace of Saint Callixtus 20241: 20204: 20194: 20183: 20164: 20093: 20070: 20022: 19994: 19938: 19833: 19781: 19751: 19705: 19678: 19552: 19540:Sovereign judicial entity 19503: 19431: 19393: 19363: 19345: 19293:Vatican Television Center 19165: 19156: 19124: 19072: 19063: 19030: 18978: 18951: 18913: 18904: 18811:Mater Ecclesiae Monastery 18689: 18600: 18525: 18521: 18512: 18435: 18384: 18310: 18248:Aid to the Church in Need 18238: 18095: 17908: 17869:Vatican Television Center 17844: 17754: 17644: 17514:Eastern Catholic Churches 17495: 17384: 17277: 17224: 17149: 17120: 17045: 16970: 16905: 16850: 16769: 16639: 16553: 16485: 16430: 16349: 16326: 16298: 16226: 16125: 16043: 15969: 15943: 15846: 15753: 15700: 15652: 15583: 15550: 15500: 15379: 15362: 15290: 15217: 15157: 15096: 15087: 14901: 14615: 14214: 13918: 13712: 13645: 13588:(archived 6 October 2011) 13225:Grisar, Hartmann (1912). 13173:The Story of Civilization 13149:The Story of Civilization 13128:. Yale University Press. 12884:19 September 2015 at the 12728:Full view on Google Books 12705:12 September 2007 at the 12672:12 September 2007 at the 12650:16 September 2017 at the 11988:"the Jubilee Declaration" 10843:Shaw, Russell B. (1979). 10494:"What Does PP Stand For?" 10442:"Lexicon Abbreviaturarum" 10238:The Path to a New Pontiff 9555:"Saint Peter the Apostle" 9277:Commentary on the Gospels 8900:. Scribner. p. 147. 8329:Le Goff, Jacques (2000). 8053:Orthodoxy in Conversation 7973:. Paulist Press. p. 7896:"Saint Peter the Apostle" 7871:. Crossroads Initiative. 7773:. Paulist Press. p. 7477:10.1080/14650040903420388 7316:"Papal Arbitration" 6816:, which according to the 6580:Palmarian Catholic Church 6554:, Russian "папа римский" 6532:Bulgarian Orthodox Church 6523:" and the latter called " 6291:Lutheran World Federation 6175:decided that a case over 5942: 5934: 5924: 5914: 5904: 5894: 5882: 5877: 5395:Palace of the Holy Office 5375:Geography of Vatican City 5269:Languages of Vatican City 5130:Transport in Vatican City 4859:President: Pio Vito Pinto 4761:Holy See–Israel relations 4721:Vatican Television Center 4479:Vatican Historical Museum 3879:also included the title " 3556:"Vicar of Jesus Christ" ( 3485:of the Universal Church, 3425: 3417: 3409: 3397: 3388: 3375: 3368: 3339:) follows the interment. 3223:"Annos Petri non-videbis" 2839:, to describe Peter. The 2827:The symbolic keys in the 2660:Second Epistle to Timothy 2241:, reducing one's time in 2184:lasted from 1378 to 1417. 1985:'s representative in the 1800:, the date of the Jewish 1338:'father') is the 1094:Gonfalonier of the Church 322: 314: 302: 293: 280: 269: 264: 254: 244: 234: 224: 214: 204: 199: 188: 165: 153: 148: 136: 119: 107: 92: 88: 83: 79: 58: 22947:Gotofredo da Castiglione 21994:Patriarchate of Bulgaria 21979:Patriarchate of Aquileia 20397:Archaeological Institute 19582:Old St. Peter's Basilica 19577:Patrimony of Saint Peter 19572:History of papal primacy 19305:Vatican Publishing House 18610:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 18462:Old St. Peter's Basilica 18190:Communion and Liberation 17654:Eastern Catholic liturgy 16819:Mystici Corporis Christi 16747:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 13586:Origins of Peter as Pope 13482:. New York: Dial Press. 13294:A Handbook on the Papacy 13251:Vatican Publishing House 13032:Annuario Pontificio 2012 12634:22 February 2013 at the 12460:. London. Archived from 12404:Sexual Abuse Claims Blog 12373:National Catholic Review 12302:Simbeye, Yitiha (2004). 11744:"The Vatican (Holy See)" 11583:24 February 2021 at the 11566:Annuario Pontificio 2013 10165:Universi Dominici Gregis 9870:14 December 2017 at the 9025:"Ignatius to the Romans" 8511:, pp. 140–141, 192. 8470:. Paulist Press. p. 94. 8280:27 February 2007 at the 8214:15 February 2012 at the 8109:, volume 1, 2006, p. 418 7289:Os papas repartem terras 7208:"Definition of Holy See" 6928: 6578:Church and the European 6397:("because") rather than 6275:Protestant denominations 6243:Oriental Orthodox Church 6202:Objections to the papacy 6114:improvement in relations 6096:in 1582 established the 6050:in 1155 authorized King 6020:coronation of Napoleon I 5871:Politics of Vatican City 5675:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 5595:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 5445:Old St. Peter's Basilica 5315:The Story of the Vatican 4946:Universi Dominici gregis 4934:Universi Dominici Gregis 4800:Military of Vatican City 4793:Governor of Vatican City 4766:Holy See–Italy relations 4711:Vatican Publishing House 4680:(Vatican City newspaper) 4447:2010 Vatican sex scandal 4442:Governor of Vatican City 4389:Congregation for Borders 4338:This article is part of 4322:Politics of the Holy See 3795:, similar in meaning to 3733:(the greatest pontiff). 3521:" ("pope and pontiff"). 3365:'s resignation in 1415. 3293:Universi Dominici Gregis 3266: 3214:Sic transit gloria mundi 3057:Universi Dominici Gregis 2631:260/265 – 339) mentions 2440:History of papal primacy 2434:Early Christian mentions 1826:Papacy in late antiquity 1384:elected on 13 March 2013 435:Chaplain of His Holiness 23017:Donation of Constantine 22913:Investiture Controversy 22648:Holy See (Vatican City) 22318:Holy See (Vatican City) 22156:Christianity portal 22108:(1992–2018; since 2019) 22092:Patriarchate of Romania 22000:Patriarchate of Georgia 21946:Patriarchate of Cilicia 21450:Eastern Orthodox Church 21081:Liturgical use of Latin 20707:Pierbattista Pizzaballa 20592:Vatican City portal 20324:Palace of the Vicariate 20118:Civitavecchia-Tarquinia 19642:Prisoner in the Vatican 19631:Investiture Controversy 19443:Vatican City portal 18855:Via della Conciliazione 18451:Prisoner in the Vatican 17005:Philosophy of canon law 16935:Mariology of the saints 16515:Investiture Controversy 16238:Vatican City portal 15108:During the Roman Empire 13495:Dollison, John (1994). 13210:. New York: Crossroad. 13195:A History of the Church 13082:. New York: Doubleday. 12919:10 October 2008 at the 12709:, Revelation Chapter 13 12308:. Ashgate. p. 94. 11897:3 February 2008 at the 11837:and in the articles on 11692:Society of Saint Pius X 11598:"Catholic Encyclopedia: 11387:Encyclopædia Britannica 11272:"Dictionary definition" 11036:A Greek English Lexicon 10992:7 November 2003 at the 10944:Encyclopædia Britannica 10568:"Vicar of Christ" 10524:Encyclopedia Britannica 10414:Encyclopædia Britannica 10102:"Profile: Pope Francis" 9662:, p. Introduction. 9560:Encyclopædia Britannica 9539:16 January 2014 at the 9520:16 January 2014 at the 9501:16 January 2014 at the 8743:"Authority of the Pope" 8566:Encyclopedia Britannica 8427:16 January 2012 at the 8188:The Birth of the Church 8186:Davidson, Ivor (2005). 8124:Encyclopedia Britannica 8047:3 December 2008 at the 7901:Encyclopædia Britannica 6867:List of canonized popes 6694:Shortest-reigning popes 6568:new religious movements 6540:Serbian Orthodox Church 6536:Russian Orthodox Church 6507:In the Eastern Churches 6379:Lucas Cranach the Elder 6215:Lucas Cranach the Elder 6160:U.S. Justice Department 5992:Donation of Constantine 5969:Though the progressive 5728:Vatican City portal 5655:Vatican Gallery of Maps 5520:Vatican Secret Archives 5480:Via della Conciliazione 5370:Gardens of Vatican City 5125:Tourism in Vatican City 4621:Politics and government 4582:Apostolic Constitution 4538:Alperin v. Vatican Bank 4408:Prisoner in the Vatican 4293:preaching of the Gospel 4148:and shoes, and a white 3453:Official list of titles 3010:following the death of 2876:A fresco of Eliakim in 2842:Encyclopædia Britannica 2194:Eastern Orthodox Church 2119:Investiture controversy 1840:First Council of Nicaea 1703:this meant is unclear. 1608:patriarch of Alexandria 155:Ecclesiastical province 23184:Catholicism portal 22588:Bosnia and Herzegovina 22258:Bosnia and Herzegovina 22068:Patriarchate of Lisbon 22061:Patriarchate of Moscow 22013:Patriarchate of Venice 21343:Western Rite Orthodoxy 20983:Santiago de Compostela 20912:1983 Code of Canon Law 20887:Protestant Reformation 20830:Historical development 20604:Catholicism portal 20560:Apostolic Penitentiary 20534:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 20481:Santa Maria di Galeria 19806:For Vatican City State 19455:Catholicism portal 19417:National football team 19411:National football team 19311:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 19003:For Vatican City State 18258:Catholic Charities USA 17892:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 17880:Vatican Polyglot Press 16930:Mariology of the popes 16568:Protestant Reformation 16083:for Vatican City State 15713:Apostolic constitution 15313:Catholic Church Portal 15173:Conflicts with the HRE 13461:Popes Through the Ages 12895:14 August 2014 at the 12043:14 August 2014 at the 10240:Retrieved: 2010-03-29" 10042:19 August 2020 at the 9116:al, Philip Schaff et. 9037:10.2307/j.ctvb936zj.10 8946:10.2307/j.ctt284z4s.75 8700:Osborne, John (1967). 7967:O'Grady, John (1997). 7767:O'Grady, John (1997). 7678:Historia Ecclesiastica 7652:Schatz, Klaus (1996). 7629:A History of the Popes 7602:Mazza, Enrico (2004). 7313:Jarrett, Bede (1913). 6974: 6959: 6951: 6826: 6706: 6607: 6595:Longest-reigning popes 6590:Lengths of papal reign 6513:Coptic Orthodox Church 6483:In the Catholic Church 6391:Confessional Lutherans 6386: 6367: 6350:Beast out of the Earth 6338: 6226: 6120:International position 6088:Elizabeth I of England 5966: 5846:living as captives in 5790: 5740:Catholicism portal 5690:Sistine Chapel ceiling 5485:Vatican Climate Forest 5410:Saint Peter's Basilica 5279:Vatican Christmas Tree 4598:Pontifical Swiss Guard 4571:1983 Code of Canon Law 4505:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 4312: 4284: 4256:Second Vatican Council 4253: 4219: 4177:This section is empty. 4062: 3962:during his pontificate 3824: 3786: 3782: 3730: 3678: 3673:" is derived from the 3666: 3593:Leo I, King of Armenia 3511: 3355:1983 Code of Canon Law 3280: 3082: 3035: 3001:Second Council of Lyon 2980: 2947: 2933: 2918: 2904: 2881: 2823: 2812: 2801: 2771:Primacy of Simon Peter 2762: 2722: 2703: 2671: 2615: 2587: 2573:Epistle to the Romans" 2564: 2487: 2419: 2370: 2354:European nation states 2324: 2289:Second Council of Lyon 2266:Protestant Reformation 2185: 2026: 1940: 1790: 1651: 1624: 1529:chair (of Saint Peter) 1521: 1378:. The current pope is 1308: 712:Diocesan administrator 430:Moderator of the curia 66: 47:. For other uses, see 23284:Religion and politics 23249:Ecclesiastical titles 23211:Roman Catholic Church 23102:Divine right of kings 22987:Rudolf of Rheinfelden 21987:Patriarchate of Grado 21649:Maronite Patriarchate 21357:Doctors of the Church 20820:History of the papacy 20679:Patriarch of the West 20388:San Carlo ai Catinari 20359:Paul VI Audience Hall 20345:Benedictine monastery 20292:Bambino Gesù Hospital 20062:Sabina-Poggio Mirteto 19266:Holy See Press Office 19051:Corps of Firefighters 18826:Paul VI Audience Hall 18777:Domus Sanctae Marthae 18549:St. Peter's Baldachin 18479:Cortile del Belvedere 18445:History of the papacy 18012:Good Shepherd Sisters 17854:Holy See Press Office 17092:Doctors of the Church 16925:Immaculate Conception 16880:Anointing of the Sick 16415:History of the papacy 16206:Sexually active popes 16157:Pontifical university 15901:Ring of the Fisherman 15740:Ecclesiastical letter 15735:Apostolic exhortation 15624:Patriarch of the West 15609:Vicar of Jesus Christ 15089:History of the papacy 13402:. London: J. Hodges. 13270:Kelly, J. N. (1986). 13168:Durant, William James 13144:Durant, William James 12683:21 March 2014 at the 11908:23 April 2013 at the 11467:Catholic Encyclopedia 11257:Catholic Encyclopedia 11248:Joyce, G. H. (1913). 11068:3.43, 3.428 und 3.458 10883:"Medieval Sourcebook" 10574:Catholic Encyclopedia 10394:Catholic Encyclopedia 9989:christianitytoday.com 8466:Vidmar, John (2005). 8331:Medieval Civilization 8255:Os Santos de Cada Dia 8237:Catholic Encyclopedia 8231:"Pope Liberius" 8167:www.christianunity.va 7998:Stevenson, J (1957). 7798:Stevenson, J (1957). 7680:Book VII, chapter 7.4 7538:Asimov, Isaac (1967) 7322:Catholic Encyclopedia 7026:Patriarch Athenegoras 6996:Treaty of Tordesillas 6897:Prophecy of the Popes 6804: 6701: 6602: 6373: 6358: 6324:reminded them of the 6299: 6217:, from Luther's 1521 6209: 6078:Treaty of Tordesillas 5961: 5831:ordinary jurisdiction 5781: 5620:Cortile del Belvedere 5525:St. Peter's Baldachin 5460:Paul VI Audience Hall 5360:Domus Sanctae Marthae 5284:Sport in Vatican City 5274:Women in Vatican City 5257:Music of Vatican City 4746:Fabric of Saint Peter 4696:Vatican Radio lawsuit 4671:Holy See Press Office 4659:Pontifical Commission 4521:Crime in Vatican City 4459:History of the Papacy 4289: 4263: 4225: 4217: 4200:First Vatican Council 4056: 3993:Ring of the Fisherman 3881:patriarch of the West 3861:Patriarch of the West 3855:Patriarch of the West 3750:High Priest of Israel 3717:), or Ancient Greek: 3656: 3558:Vicarius Iesu Christi 3552:Vicar of Jesus Christ 3487:Patriarch of the West 3479:Vicar of Jesus Christ 3471: 3314:Ring of the Fisherman 3291:in his 1996 document 3274: 3076: 3025: 2968: 2937: 2923: 2908: 2894: 2875: 2819: 2808: 2796: 2751: 2711: 2692: 2652: 2650:as his "co-laborer". 2604: 2577: 2510: 2472: 2358:First Vatican Council 2314: 2179: 2158:Byzantine–Seljuq wars 1920: 1871:Edict of Thessalonica 1779: 1764:authoritative primacy 1746:Epistle to the Romans 1557:History of the papacy 1527:—literally 'from the 1448:, established by the 847:Protonotary apostolic 377:Ecclesiastical titles 179:Domus Sanctae Marthae 49:Pope (disambiguation) 23097:College of Cardinals 22937:Antipope Clement III 22812:Partially recognised 22482:Partially recognised 22106:Patriarchate of Kyiv 21076:Ecclesiastical Latin 20847:Early African church 20815:Apostolic succession 20214:St. Peter's Basilica 19907:Apostolic nunciature 19766:College of Cardinals 19761:Secretariat of State 19327:L'Osservatore Romano 19236:Sistine Chapel Choir 19040:Corps of Gendarmerie 18865:Porta San Pellegrino 18816:Sant'Egidio in Borgo 18544:Chair of Saint Peter 18536:St. Peter's Basilica 18504:Piazza Scossacavalli 17885:L'Osservatore Romano 17823:Role in civilisation 17549:Croatian and Serbian 17297:Episcopal conference 17259:St. Peter's Basilica 16617:Sexual abuse scandal 16573:Catholic Reformation 16201:Popes by nationality 16117:Sistine Chapel Choir 16051:College of Cardinals 15682:Regalia and insignia 15565:St. Peter's Basilica 15251:Revolutionary Papacy 15245:Age of Enlightenment 13542:The Popes: A History 13538:Norwich, John Julius 13356:. Houghton Mifflin. 13354:Western Civilization 13245:(22 February 1996). 13199:. Herder and Herder. 12949:21 June 2006 at the 12901:Concordia Cyclopedia 12809:"Doctrinal Position" 12724:19 July 2019 at the 12696:See See Kretzmann's 12066:16 July 2011 at the 12059:Concordia Cyclopedia 12014:Apostolic succession 11807:. 2 September 2013. 11418:3 March 2013 at the 11064:23.1.2 and 32.22.5; 10590:McBrien, Richard P. 10221:Sullivan, George E. 10064:28 June 2011 at the 10053:5 March 2016 at the 10007:8 April 2012 at the 9983:25 July 2021 at the 9966:americamagazine.org. 9960:25 July 2021 at the 9910:25 July 2021 at the 9888:13 July 2021 at the 9850:Thomas J. Reese SJ, 9833:25 July 2021 at the 9811:25 July 2021 at the 8591:Boyer, Paul (2009). 6439:Western Christianity 6259:Council of Chalcedon 6146:of a head of state. 5810:. He also possesses 5630:Porta San Pellegrino 5565:Bibliotheca Palatina 5415:Saint Peter's Square 5335:Apostolic nunciature 5262:Sistine Chapel Choir 4812:College of Cardinals 4728:Secretariat of State 4677:L'Osservatore Romano 4156:Status and authority 4115:flag of Vatican City 4045:was discontinued by 4037:was discontinued by 3981:Regalia and insignia 3845:ecumenical patriarch 3546:Eastern Christianity 3530:bishop of Alexandria 3301:College of Cardinals 3183:St. Peter's Basilica 3156:cardinal protodeacon 3088:Saint Peter's Square 3052:Papal conclave, 2005 2972:Delivery of the Keys 2782:apostolic succession 2501:Against Heresies III 2428:Primacy of St. Peter 2385:unification of Italy 2339:Catholic Reformation 2328:Protestant Reformers 2281:Council of Constance 2202:Exarchate of Ravenna 1928:), in a painting by 1887:Western Roman Empire 1879:Eastern Roman Empire 1854:, who was exiled to 1787:Ravenna Document, 41 1707:Early Christianity ( 1661:The writings of the 1084:Commissary Apostolic 717:Ecclesiastical judge 697:Defender of the bond 22843:Unrecognised states 22513:Unrecognised states 21835:Archbishop of Tunis 21286:Pre-Tridentine Mass 20897:Counter-Reformation 20659:order of precedence 20565:Apostolic Signatura 20393:Collegio Bellarmino 20265:Adjoining buildings 19840:Multilateral policy 19318:Annuario Pontificio 19170:Academy of Sciences 18729:Gregoriano Egiziano 18220:Neocatechumenal Way 18185:Charismatic Renewal 17899:Annuario Pontificio 17497:Particular churches 17173:Ecumenical councils 16945:Perpetual virginity 16780:Communitas perfecta 16724:Sermon on the Mount 15098:Antiquity and Early 14902:17th–21st centuries 14616:13th–16th centuries 13416:Walsh, James Joseph 12879:Baltimore Catechism 12745:on 21 January 2019. 12547:The Daily Telegraph 12141:Judt, Tony (2006). 12038:Medieval Sourcebook 11903:English translation 11771:"From red to white" 11632:catholicculture.org 11561:Annuario Pontificio 11530:"Encyclical letter 11346:Acquah-Dadzie, Kofi 11302:Oxford Dictionaries 11103:21 May 2013 at the 10756:" (Edições Loyola. 10474:on 10 December 2011 10365:Annuario Pontificio 10137:The Washington Post 10108:. 1 December 2017. 9029:Ignatius of Antioch 8489:The First Crusaders 8358:, pp. 517–551. 8190:. Monarch. p. 341. 7166:. 27 October 2021. 7164:theconversation.com 6830:Annuario Pontificio 6796:Annuario Pontificio 6326:apocalyptic imagery 6247:Old Catholic Church 6167:November 2008, the 6140:diplomatic immunity 6083:Regnans in Excelsis 6076:in 1493 led to the 6062:made his kingdom a 6052:Henry II of England 6018:was present at the 5836:ubi Papa, ibi Curia 5555:Vatican Observatory 5329:Buildings/geography 5193:List of Papal flags 4781:Papal apocrisiarius 4210:Papal infallibility 3919:Dominus Apostolicus 3877:Annuario Pontificio 3825:servus servorum Dei 3779:Annuario Pontificio 3744:translation of the 3562:Annuario Pontificio 3466:Annuario Pontificio 2829:Papal coats of arms 2596:Annuario Pontificio 2568:Ignatius of Antioch 2455:Cyprian of Carthage 2366:papal infallibility 2337:Popes instituted a 2293:Council of Florence 2162:council of Clermont 1993:in the face of the 1921:Gregory the Great ( 1875:Nicene Christianity 1836:Peace of the Church 1806:John the Evangelist 1680:Ignatius of Antioch 1562:Title and etymology 1517:papal infallibility 1498:interfaith dialogue 1395:apostolic successor 1212:Knights Hospitaller 1201:Organization titles 1006:Provincial superior 579:Territorial prelate 381:order of precedence 129:since 13 March 2013 38:College of Pontiffs 23005:Concordat of Worms 22977:Matilda of Tuscany 22962:Henry I of England 22748:Russian Federation 22418:Russian Federation 21851:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 21462:Oriental Orthodoxy 21143:Extraordinary form 21053:Isidore of Seville 21041:Augustine of Hippo 21018:Hilary of Poitiers 20734:Francesco Moraglia 20716:Filipe Neri Ferrão 20334:Collegio Teutonico 20251:Lateran University 20095:Suffragan dioceses 20072:Territorial abbeys 20042:Porto-Santa Rufina 20024:Suburbicarian sees 19986:Special assemblies 19881:Permanent Observer 19082:Vatican euro coins 18877:Saint John's Tower 18850:St. Peter's Square 18799:Collegio Teutonico 18782:Holy Spirit Chapel 18744:Bramante Staircase 18724:Gregoriano Etrusco 18566:Saint Peter's tomb 18561:Vatican Necropolis 18420:List of sovereigns 18057:Premonstratensians 16440:Ante-Nicene period 16318:Lists of Catholics 16152:Pontifical academy 16147:Orders of chivalry 15233:Reformation Papacy 15227:Renaissance Papacy 15169:(1012–1044 / 1048) 15122:Ostrogothic Papacy 14215:9th–12th centuries 13394:Pastor, Ludwig von 13290:Kerr, William Shaw 13243:John Paul II, Pope 12953:, Espresso Online. 12815:on 19 August 2007. 12699:Popular Commentary 12666:Popular Commentary 12577:Littleton Chambers 12518:"Arrest the Pope?" 12410:on 22 August 2016. 12348:on 28 January 2011 11867:Pope Callixtus III 11775:Osservatore Romano 11344:Adeleye, Gabriel; 11089:2.2696 and 3.346; 11083:ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος 10440:Adriano Cappelli. 10022:Augustine of Hippo 9955:"Papal Transition" 9543:. Behind the Name. 9469:. StudyLight.org. 9351:. StudyLight.org. 9317:. StudyLight.org. 9279:. StudyLight.org. 6882:Papal inauguration 6822:Liber Pontificalis 6707: 6608: 6387: 6377:, by the Lutheran 6368: 6251:Anglican Communion 6227: 6192:Geoffrey Robertson 6136:sovereign immunity 6098:Gregorian calendar 5988:Pippin the Younger 5967: 5812:a summer residence 5791: 5500:Vatican Necropolis 5470:Torre San Giovanni 5420:Saint Peter's tomb 5355:Bramante Staircase 5318:, 1941 documentary 5160:Vatican euro coins 4941:(Papal elections) 4846:Dominique Mamberti 4839:Court of Cassation 4303:College of Bishops 4285: 4220: 4063: 3833:Benedict of Nursia 3829:Augustine of Hippo 3813:bishop of Carthage 3736:In Christian use, 3667: 3318:personal apartment 3281: 3160:St. Peter's Square 3083: 3036: 2981: 2882: 2857:, a figure in the 2591:Augustine of Hippo 2548:; then after him, 2415:Assumption of Mary 2402:as an independent 2325: 2228:Kingdom of England 2186: 2150:Alexios I Komnenos 2131:Pope Alexander III 2123:Concordat of Worms 2115:Henry I of England 2005:turn from Emperor 1970:, ghosts, and the 1941: 1810:Easter controversy 1466:Catholic tradition 1376:Vatican City State 934:Consecrated virgin 455:Apostolic delegate 23192: 23191: 23134:Donation of Pepin 23114:Holy Roman Empire 23092:Clerical celibacy 22932:Pope Callixtus II 22879: 22878: 22858: 22857: 22544:UN members 22528: 22527: 22214:UN members 22164: 22163: 21960: 21959: 21956: 21955: 21794: 21793: 21375: 21374: 21294: 21293: 21208: 21207: 21062: 21061: 20801: 20800: 20612: 20611: 20521: 20520: 20517: 20516: 20479:antennae area of 20470:Summer estate of 20435: 20434: 20367: 20366: 20339:Teutonic Cemetery 20237: 20236: 20200: 20199: 20196: 20177: 20160: 20159: 20156: 20155: 20113:Civita Castellana 20016: 19960: 19934: 19933: 19699: 19636:Age of Revolution 19609:Donation of Pepin 19604:Donation of Sutri 19544:international law 19463: 19462: 19423:Vatican Athletics 19389: 19388: 19341: 19340: 19197:Apostolic Archive 19152: 19151: 19059: 19058: 18922:Foreign relations 18900: 18899: 18872:Ricciolo d'Italia 18840:Passetto di Borgo 18804:Teutonic Cemetery 18757: 18756: 18615:Borgia Apartments 18596: 18595: 18576:Tomb of the Julii 18340: 18339: 17750: 17749: 17143: 16966: 16965: 16658: 16635: 16634: 16627:COVID-19 pandemic 16597:French Revolution 16587:Thirty Years' War 16495:Islamic conquests 16408:Apostolic fathers 16343: 16258: 16257: 16025:Prelate of Honour 15592: 15496: 15495: 15492: 15491: 15322: 15321: 15286: 15285: 15178:Wandering Papacy 15141:Saeculum obscurum 15114:Under Constantine 13919:5th–8th centuries 13713:1st–4th centuries 13697:papal resignation 13551:978-0-7011-8290-8 13529:978-0-500-01798-2 13508:978-0-671-88615-8 13385:978-1-85182-125-9 13363:978-0-618-43277-6 13344:978-1-889758-86-2 13325:978-0-8129-6762-3 13281:978-0-19-190935-1 13274:. Prentice Hall. 13217:978-0-8245-0839-5 13183:978-0-671-61050-0 13159:978-0-671-01200-7 13135:978-0-300-07332-4 13111:978-0-19-822928-5 13089:978-0-385-50584-0 13068:978-0-8215-2207-3 13040:978-88-209-8722-0 13020:978-88-209-8722-0 12528:on 20 April 2010. 12522:Zenit News Agency 12152:978-0-14-303775-0 11781:on 17 August 2014 11574:978-88-209-9070-1 11443:978-0-19-280290-3 11367:978-0-86516-423-9 11332:978-88-209-8021-4 10856:978-0-87973-669-9 10787:978-0-8091-4429-7 10655:978-0-8091-4066-4 10624:978-0-19-280290-3 10594:(original title: 10373:978-88-209-8722-0 10089:Ablative absolute 9928:Catholic Online. 9723:978-0-8146-5376-0 9700:, pp. 88–89. 9698:John Paul II 1996 9660:John Paul II 1996 9524:. Dictionary.com. 9180:www.newadvent.org 9150:www.newadvent.org 9091:www.newadvent.org 9061:www.newadvent.org 8970:www.newadvent.org 8907:978-0-7905-4033-7 8854:978-0-8091-0369-0 8815:978-0-300-11884-1 8643:978-1-4514-1399-1 8604:978-0-674-02861-6 8538:, pp. 26–57. 8497:978-0-511-00308-0 8431:. 1 October 2009. 8408:978-85-02-05256-7 8263:978-85-356-0648-5 8148:Chadwick, Henry, 8073:(Clapsis, p. 113) 8064:(Clapsis, p. 102) 8015:978-0-281-00802-5 7984:978-0-8091-3740-4 7815:978-0-281-00802-5 7784:978-0-8091-3740-4 7663:978-0-8146-5522-1 7638:978-1-58051-227-5 7613:978-0-8146-6078-2 7588:978-0-534-64236-5 7563:978-0-8010-2075-9 7526:978-0-19-280290-3 7380:. November 2014. 7344:978-84-413-2489-3 7246:978-0-465-01195-7 7196:on 15 March 2013. 7110:978-0-415-92228-9 7030:the visiting pope 6093:Inter gravissimas 6008:Holy Roman Empire 5984:Donation of Sutri 5956: 5955: 5859:Angelo De Donatis 5776: 5775: 5696:The Last Judgment 5625:Passetto di Borgo 5615:Teutonic Cemetery 5465:Tomb of the Julii 5400:Palazzi Pontifici 5350:Borgia Apartments 5082:Visa requirements 5054:Antoine Camilleri 5008:Foreign relations 4953:Recent conclaves 4653:Giuseppe Bertello 4474:Vatileaks scandal 4419:Law of Guarantees 4372:Donation of Pepin 4197: 4196: 4047:Pope John Paul II 4041:. The use of the 3960:Pope Benedict XVI 3958:The signature of 3941:The signature of 3837:Gregory the Great 3752:(in the original 3709:, Ancient Greek: 3705:, Ancient Greek: 3701:, Ancient Greek: 3589:Pope Innocent III 3577:Byzantine emperor 3438: 3437: 3349:Papal resignation 3289:Pope John Paul II 3277:Pope John Paul II 3191:. After a solemn 3062:Pope Benedict XVI 2888:According to the 2491:Irenaeus of Lyons 2256:over the pope's. 2235:Treasury of Merit 2224:Kingdom of France 2142:Islamic conquests 2127:Pope Callixtus II 2104:clerical celibacy 2073:clerical marriage 2028:Saeculum obscurum 1987:Italian Peninsula 1983:Byzantine emperor 1979:exarch of Ravenna 1770:outside of Rome. 1581:derives from the 1434:international law 1360:sovereign pontiff 1346:of the worldwide 1337: 1325: 1297: 1296: 1033:Additional titles 969:Master of novices 658:Military ordinary 653:Military chaplain 594:Liturgical titles 584:Territorial abbot 480:Apostolic prefect 465:Apostolic visitor 330: 329: 276: 275: 114:Holy See (Emblem) 16:(Redirected from 23291: 23221: 23220: 23219: 23209: 23208: 23207: 23200: 23182: 23181: 23049:Gregorian Reform 23038:In nomine Domini 22952:Pope Gregory VII 22906: 22899: 22892: 22883: 22882: 22541: 22540: 22211: 22210: 22191: 22184: 22177: 22168: 22167: 22154: 22153: 22131:Apostolic Throne 22114: 22100: 22085: 22030: 22025:Early Modern era 21971: 21939: 21931: 21922: 21910: 21900: 21856: 21819: 21803: 21802: 21777: 21762: 21718: 21698: 21635: 21625: 21615: 21591: 21568: 21531: 21515: 21514: 21511: 21495: 21494: 21491: 21463: 21458: 21447: 21402: 21395: 21388: 21379: 21378: 21365: 21364: 21175:Benedictine Rite 21163: 21162: 21102: 21101: 21093:Liturgical rites 20918: 20917: 20892:Council of Trent 20877:Age of Discovery 20857:East–West Schism 20665: 20664: 20639: 20632: 20625: 20616: 20615: 20602: 20601: 20590: 20589: 20588: 20492:extraterritorial 20487: 20486: 20465:Adjacent gardens 20425:Nympheum of Nero 20374:extraterritorial 20369: 20368: 20261:Sancta Sanctorum 20239: 20238: 20202: 20201: 20195: 20192: 20191: 20181: 20180: 20169: 20020: 20019: 20001: 19998:province of Rome 19964: 19963: 19945: 19796:Apostolic Camera 19703: 19702: 19685: 19567:Primacy of Peter 19490: 19483: 19476: 19467: 19466: 19453: 19452: 19441: 19440: 19439: 19300:Vatican News App 19254: 19253: 19163: 19162: 19070: 19069: 18993:Apostolic Camera 18911: 18910: 18887:Vatican Pharmacy 18832:The Resurrection 18649:Niccoline Chapel 18639:Cappella Paolina 18625:Papal apartments 18602:Apostolic Palace 18583:Vatican Grottoes 18532: 18531: 18523: 18522: 18519: 18518: 18367: 18360: 18353: 18344: 18343: 18330: 18329: 18320: 18319: 18062:Redemptoristines 17910:Religious orders 17836:Anti-Catholicism 17786:Church buildings 17646:Catholic liturgy 17386:Consecrated life 17244:Apostolic Palace 17211:Synod of Bishops 17147: 17146: 17123: 16729:Ten Commandments 16662: 16661: 16644: 16545:Age of Discovery 16379:Great Commission 16347: 16346: 16331: 16285: 16278: 16271: 16262: 16261: 16248: 16247: 16236: 16235: 16234: 16073:Apostolic Camera 16030:Prince assistant 15956:Sedia gestatoria 15629:Primate of Italy 15588: 15519:Papal apartments 15514:Apostolic Palace 15481:extraterritorial 15437: 15436: 15386: 15385: 15349: 15342: 15335: 15326: 15325: 15310: 15298: 15297: 15218:Early Modern and 15128:Byzantine Papacy 15094: 15093: 13628: 13621: 13614: 13605: 13604: 13555: 13533: 13512: 13491: 13474: 13464: 13445: 13443: 13441: 13411: 13389: 13367: 13348: 13329: 13318:. Random House. 13305: 13285: 13266: 13264: 13262: 13238: 13221: 13200: 13198: 13187: 13163: 13139: 13115: 13093: 13072: 13043: 13029: 13023: 13012: 13006: 13005: 13003: 13001: 12986: 12980: 12979: 12977: 12975: 12960: 12954: 12941: 12935: 12929: 12923: 12910: 12904: 12875: 12869: 12868: 12866: 12864: 12849: 12843: 12842: 12840: 12838: 12823: 12817: 12816: 12805: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12794: 12779: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12768: 12753: 12747: 12746: 12735: 12729: 12716: 12710: 12694: 12688: 12663:See Kretzmann's 12661: 12655: 12625: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12614: 12599: 12593: 12592: 12590: 12588: 12579:. 26 July 2022. 12569: 12563: 12562: 12560: 12558: 12544: 12536: 12530: 12529: 12524:. Archived from 12513: 12507: 12506: 12504: 12502: 12488: 12480: 12474: 12473: 12471: 12469: 12464:on 23 April 2014 12449: 12443: 12442: 12440: 12438: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12395: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12384: 12364: 12358: 12357: 12355: 12353: 12338: 12332: 12331: 12329: 12327: 12299: 12293: 12292: 12290: 12288: 12283:on 9 August 2011 12272: 12266: 12265: 12263: 12261: 12241: 12235: 12234: 12232: 12230: 12202: 12196: 12195: 12193: 12191: 12163: 12157: 12156: 12138: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12107: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12096: 12076: 12070: 12053: 12047: 12036:Quoted from the 12034: 12028: 12022: 12016: 12010: 12004: 12003: 12001: 11999: 11984: 11978: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11954: 11948: 11945: 11939: 11936: 11930: 11927: 11921: 11918: 11912: 11884: 11878: 11847:Pope Clement VII 11827: 11821: 11820: 11818: 11816: 11805:Catholic Culture 11797: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11786: 11777:. Archived from 11766: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11740: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11729: 11714: 11708: 11707: 11705: 11703: 11694:. 2 April 2020. 11684: 11678: 11677: 11675: 11673: 11654: 11648: 11647: 11645: 11643: 11624: 11618: 11617: 11615: 11613: 11594: 11588: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11547: 11545: 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11504: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11493: 11478: 11472: 11471: 11463: 11455: 11449: 11447:Pontifex Maximus 11432: 11423: 11413:Pontifex Maximus 11410: 11404: 11403: 11401: 11399: 11378: 11372: 11371: 11355: 11341: 11335: 11324: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11313: 11308:on 27 April 2013 11294: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11283: 11268: 11262: 11261: 11253: 11245: 11239: 11113: 11107: 11084: 11075: 11069: 11059: 11053: 11052: 11050: 11048: 11030: 11024: 11023: 11006: 10997: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10956: 10935: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10924: 10905: 10899: 10898: 10896: 10894: 10879: 10873: 10872: 10870: 10868: 10840: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10810: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10799: 10771: 10765: 10750: 10744: 10738: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10727: 10708: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10697: 10678: 10672: 10671: 10669: 10667: 10639: 10630: 10613: 10607: 10588: 10579: 10578: 10570: 10562: 10551: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10535: 10516: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10505: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10479: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10437: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10405: 10399: 10398: 10390: 10382: 10376: 10362: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10305: 10299: 10295: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10284: 10265: 10256: 10255: 10253: 10251: 10232: 10226: 10219: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10199:. 5 April 2005. 10189: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10159: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10098: 10092: 10086: 10080: 10026:absides gradatae 10018: 10012: 9998: 9992: 9975: 9969: 9952: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9925: 9919: 9902: 9896: 9880: 9874: 9861: 9855: 9848: 9842: 9825: 9819: 9803: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9777: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9746: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9735: 9707: 9701: 9695: 9689: 9688: 9686: 9684: 9675:. 3 March 2013. 9669: 9663: 9657: 9651: 9646: 9640: 9635: 9629: 9624: 9618: 9613: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9591:Catholic Answers 9583: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9572: 9550: 9544: 9531: 9525: 9512: 9506: 9493: 9487: 9486: 9480: 9478: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9442: 9440: 9417: 9411: 9410: 9404: 9402: 9375: 9369: 9368: 9362: 9360: 9337: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9290: 9288: 9265: 9259: 9254: 9248: 9243: 9237: 9235:Matthew 16:18–19 9232: 9226: 9225: 9223: 9221: 9210:Catholic Answers 9202: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9172: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9142: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9113: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9083: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9053: 9047: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9021: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9010: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8891: 8885: 8884: 8878: 8870: 8868: 8866: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8799: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8777:Catholic Answers 8769: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8739: 8733: 8726: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8627: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8588: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8558: 8552: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8526:, pp. 3–25. 8521: 8512: 8509:Bokenkotter 2004 8506: 8500: 8485: 8479: 8464: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8438: 8432: 8419: 8410: 8397: 8388: 8382: 8371: 8365: 8359: 8353: 8342: 8327: 8318: 8311: 8302: 8291: 8285: 8272: 8266: 8251: 8242: 8241: 8233: 8225: 8219: 8205: 8199: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8159: 8153: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8098: 8097:, volume 1, 2006 8092: 8086: 8080: 8074: 8071: 8065: 8062: 8056: 8038: 8032: 8026: 8020: 8019: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7964: 7955: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7931: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7915: 7913: 7891: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7865: 7859: 7856: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7764: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7731: 7725: 7722: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7696: 7690: 7687: 7681: 7674: 7668: 7667: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7624: 7618: 7617: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7549: 7543: 7540:The Roman Empire 7536: 7530: 7529: 7512: 7497: 7496: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7430: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7410:. January 2013. 7400: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7358:. Archived from 7352: 7346: 7333: 7327: 7326: 7318: 7310: 7304: 7281: 7275: 7272: 7249: 7239: 7232:Collins, Roger. 7230: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7192:. Archived from 7186: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7124: 7115: 7114: 7103:. p. 1227. 7090: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7063: 7057: 7055: 7050: 7033: 7022:Joseph Ratzinger 7018: 7012: 7009: 7003: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6975:Romanus pontifex 6971: 6965: 6964: 6956: 6953:pontifex maximus 6948: 6942: 6939: 6806:On the death of 6634:St. John Paul II 6623: 6620: 6409:(LCMS), adopted 6293:in the official 5971:Christianization 5952: 5949: 5938:11 February 1929 5919:Apostolic Palace 5887: 5875: 5874: 5844:Kingdom of Judah 5808:Apostolic Palace 5768: 5761: 5754: 5738: 5737: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5575:Cappella Paolina 5560:Vatican Pharmacy 5490:Vatican Heliport 5440:Niccoline Chapel 5425:Lateran Basilica 5405:Papal Apartments 5340:Apostolic Palace 5225:Papal coronation 4963: 4854:Court of Appeals 4822: 4587: 4437: 4333: 4326: 4325: 4282: 4279: 4274:sedia gestatoria 4192: 4189: 4179:You can help by 4172: 4165: 4043:sedia gestatoria 4039:Pope John Paul I 4012:Sedia gestatoria 3955: 3938: 3894:Eastern Churches 3793:Pontifex Maximus 3764:Roman Pontifical 3761: 3760: 3748:to indicate the 3731:Pontifex Maximus 3720: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3566:vicarius Christi 3426:Posthumous style 3393: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3372: 3188:sedia gestatoria 3179:papal coronation 3141:Fisherman's Ring 3026:The conclave in 2945: 2931: 2916: 2902: 2760: 2720: 2701: 2685: 2681: 2669: 2630: 2613: 2585: 2562: 2506:Pope Eleutherius 2497: 2485: 2461: 2422: 2396:Kingdom of Italy 2375: 2347:Council of Trent 2321:Council of Trent 2190:East–West Schism 2160:. Urban, at the 2100:Gregorian Reform 2096:Pope Gregory VII 2031: 1995:Muslim conquests 1991:Byzantine Empire 1953: 1950: 1938: 1935: 1927: 1924: 1788: 1775:Ravenna Document 1757: 1754: 1723: 1713: 1710: 1677: 1674: 1656: 1629: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1538: 1526: 1452:in 1929 between 1430:sovereign entity 1332: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1289: 1282: 1275: 1259: 1258: 1234:Grand Inquisitor 1222:Teutonic Knights 1099:Honorary Prelate 1021:Superior general 810:Personal prelate 798:Assistant pastor 707:Devil's advocate 557:Auxiliary bishop 552:Coadjutor bishop 542:Suffragan bishop 532:Major archbishop 475:Apostolic exarch 460:Apostolic Syndic 450:Apostolic nuncio 366: 354:Hierarchy of the 339: 332: 331: 298: 288: 283: 278: 277: 193:Apostolic Palace 173:Apostolic Palace 131: 112: 97: 69: 67:Pontifex maximus 56: 55: 21: 23299: 23298: 23294: 23293: 23292: 23290: 23289: 23288: 23229: 23228: 23227: 23217: 23215: 23205: 23203: 23195: 23193: 23188: 23176: 23168: 23150: 23070: 23066:Walk to Canossa 23022:Excommunication 22997: 22991: 22982:Pope Paschal II 22957:Guido da Velate 22915: 22910: 22880: 22875: 22854: 22838: 22829:Northern Cyprus 22807: 22723:North Macedonia 22545: 22535: 22524: 22508: 22499:Northern Cyprus 22477: 22393:North Macedonia 22215: 22205: 22198: 22195: 22165: 22160: 22148: 22140: 22119: 22112: 22098: 22083: 22082: 22080:Late Modern era 22074: 22028: 22027: 22019: 21969: 21968: 21952: 21937: 21929: 21920: 21908: 21898: 21886: 21854: 21853: 21841: 21813: 21790: 21775: 21756: 21744: 21716: 21692: 21691: 21679: 21633: 21623: 21609: 21608: 21596: 21589: 21562: 21561: 21549: 21525: 21507: 21504: 21502: 21501: 21489: 21488: 21482: 21479: 21472: 21461: 21453: 21445: 21441:Catholic Church 21434: 21415: 21406: 21376: 21371: 21347: 21290: 21280:Missa Venatoria 21204: 21200:Norbertine Rite 21190:Cistercian Rite 21185:Carthusian Rite 21161: 21138:Tridentine Mass 21134:(Ordinary form) 21132:Mass of Paul VI 21097:Liturgical days 21095: 21087: 21058: 20994: 20916: 20797: 20738: 20699: 20656: 20648: 20643: 20613: 20608: 20596: 20586: 20584: 20576: 20545:Papal household 20513: 20491: 20485: 20441: 20431: 20417:Sant'Apollinare 20415:Two Palaces of 20411:Russian College 20373: 20363: 20233: 20206:Major basilicas 20185: 20174: 20171: 20168: 20152: 20089: 20066: 20011: 20000: 19997: 19990: 19954: 19950: 19944: 19941: 19930: 19859:Of the Holy See 19854:To the Holy See 19837: 19835:Foreign affairs 19829: 19777: 19747: 19693: 19690: 19687: 19684: 19682:judicial entity 19681: 19674: 19548: 19526:Diocese of Rome 19499: 19494: 19464: 19459: 19447: 19437: 19435: 19427: 19385: 19359: 19355:Catholic Church 19337: 19252: 19248:Public holidays 19148: 19120: 19055: 19026: 18974: 18947: 18942:Fundamental Law 18896: 18762:Gregorian Tower 18753: 18691:Vatican Museums 18685: 18620:Clementine Hall 18592: 18508: 18431: 18380: 18371: 18341: 18336: 18314: 18306: 18285: 18268:Relief Services 18234: 18180:Catholic Action 18170:Military orders 18107:Confraternities 18099:of the faithful 18098: 18091: 17913: 17904: 17840: 17746: 17640: 17499: 17491: 17424:Prior, Prioress 17380: 17273: 17269:Vatican Museums 17220: 17153: 17139: 17135: 17131: 17127: 17122: 17116: 17041: 16995:Social teaching 16962: 16901: 16846: 16801:One true church 16765: 16742:Sixtine Vulgate 16738:Official Bible 16652: 16648: 16643: 16631: 16549: 16481: 16426: 16396:Petrine primacy 16339: 16335: 16330: 16322: 16294: 16292:Catholic Church 16289: 16259: 16254: 16242: 16232: 16230: 16222: 16191:Canonised popes 16121: 16112:Cappella Giulia 16039: 16003:Papal majordomo 15965: 15939: 15842: 15749: 15696: 15648: 15587: 15579: 15552:Major basilicas 15546: 15488: 15443: 15435: 15417:Diocese of Rome 15392: 15375: 15358: 15353: 15323: 15318: 15282: 15265:(1929–present) 15219: 15213: 15167:Tusculan Papacy 15159: 15153: 15134:Frankish Papacy 15099: 15083: 14897: 14611: 14210: 13914: 13708: 13641: 13639:Catholic Church 13632: 13562: 13552: 13530: 13509: 13453: 13451:Further reading 13448: 13439: 13437: 13386: 13364: 13345: 13326: 13282: 13260: 13258: 13218: 13184: 13160: 13136: 13112: 13098:Chadwick, Henry 13090: 13069: 13052: 13047: 13046: 13030: 13026: 13013: 13009: 12999: 12997: 12988: 12987: 12983: 12973: 12971: 12962: 12961: 12957: 12951:Wayback Machine 12944:Sandro Magister 12942: 12938: 12930: 12926: 12921:Wayback Machine 12911: 12907: 12903:, pp. 564, 750. 12897:Wayback Machine 12886:Wayback Machine 12876: 12872: 12862: 12860: 12851: 12850: 12846: 12836: 12834: 12825: 12824: 12820: 12807: 12806: 12802: 12792: 12790: 12781: 12780: 12776: 12766: 12764: 12755: 12754: 12750: 12737: 12736: 12732: 12726:Wayback Machine 12717: 12713: 12707:Wayback Machine 12695: 12691: 12685:Wayback Machine 12674:Wayback Machine 12662: 12658: 12652:Wayback Machine 12636:Wayback Machine 12626: 12622: 12612: 12610: 12601: 12600: 12596: 12586: 12584: 12571: 12570: 12566: 12556: 12554: 12537: 12533: 12514: 12510: 12500: 12498: 12481: 12477: 12467: 12465: 12450: 12446: 12436: 12434: 12419: 12415: 12396: 12392: 12382: 12380: 12365: 12361: 12351: 12349: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12325: 12323: 12316: 12300: 12296: 12286: 12284: 12273: 12269: 12259: 12257: 12242: 12238: 12228: 12226: 12203: 12199: 12189: 12187: 12172:Washington Post 12164: 12160: 12153: 12139: 12135: 12125: 12123: 12108: 12104: 12094: 12092: 12077: 12073: 12068:Wayback Machine 12057:selection from 12054: 12050: 12045:Wayback Machine 12035: 12031: 12023: 12019: 12011: 12007: 11997: 11995: 11986: 11985: 11981: 11971: 11969: 11956: 11955: 11951: 11946: 11942: 11937: 11933: 11928: 11924: 11919: 11915: 11910:Wayback Machine 11899:Wayback Machine 11885: 11881: 11871:Pope Nicholas V 11839:Pope Julius III 11828: 11824: 11814: 11812: 11799: 11798: 11794: 11784: 11782: 11767: 11763: 11753: 11751: 11742: 11741: 11737: 11727: 11725: 11716: 11715: 11711: 11701: 11699: 11686: 11685: 11681: 11671: 11669: 11656: 11655: 11651: 11641: 11639: 11626: 11625: 11621: 11611: 11609: 11596: 11595: 11591: 11585:Wayback Machine 11557: 11553: 11543: 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Fordham.edu. 10881: 10880: 10876: 10866: 10864: 10857: 10841: 10837: 10827: 10825: 10812: 10811: 10807: 10797: 10795: 10788: 10772: 10768: 10751: 10747: 10739: 10735: 10725: 10723: 10710: 10709: 10705: 10695: 10693: 10680: 10679: 10675: 10665: 10663: 10656: 10640: 10633: 10628:Vicar of Christ 10614: 10610: 10589: 10582: 10563: 10554: 10547: 10543: 10533: 10531: 10518: 10517: 10513: 10503: 10501: 10492: 10491: 10487: 10477: 10475: 10466: 10465: 10461: 10451: 10449: 10444:. p. 283. 10438: 10434: 10424: 10422: 10407: 10406: 10402: 10383: 10379: 10363: 10359: 10349: 10347: 10332: 10328: 10318: 10316: 10307: 10306: 10302: 10296: 10292: 10282: 10280: 10267: 10266: 10259: 10249: 10247: 10246:on 6 April 2005 10234: 10233: 10229: 10220: 10216: 10206: 10204: 10191: 10190: 10186: 10176: 10174: 10163:"John Paul II. 10161: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10144: 10129: 10125: 10115: 10113: 10100: 10099: 10095: 10087: 10083: 10066:Wayback Machine 10055:Wayback Machine 10044:Wayback Machine 10019: 10015: 10009:Wayback Machine 9999: 9995: 9985:Wayback Machine 9976: 9972: 9962:Wayback Machine 9953: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9926: 9922: 9912:Wayback Machine 9903: 9899: 9893:ncregister.com. 9890:Wayback Machine 9881: 9877: 9872:Wayback Machine 9862: 9858: 9849: 9845: 9835:Wayback Machine 9826: 9822: 9813:Wayback Machine 9804: 9800: 9790: 9788: 9779: 9778: 9774: 9764: 9762: 9747: 9743: 9733: 9731: 9724: 9708: 9704: 9696: 9692: 9682: 9680: 9671: 9670: 9666: 9658: 9654: 9647: 9643: 9636: 9632: 9625: 9621: 9614: 9610: 9600: 9598: 9585: 9584: 9580: 9570: 9568: 9551: 9547: 9541:Wayback Machine 9532: 9528: 9522:Wayback Machine 9513: 9509: 9503:Wayback Machine 9494: 9490: 9476: 9474: 9456: 9452: 9438: 9436: 9418: 9414: 9400: 9398: 9376: 9372: 9358: 9356: 9338: 9334: 9324: 9322: 9304: 9300: 9286: 9284: 9269:Lightfoot, John 9266: 9262: 9255: 9251: 9244: 9240: 9233: 9229: 9219: 9217: 9204: 9203: 9199: 9189: 9187: 9174: 9173: 9169: 9159: 9157: 9144: 9143: 9139: 9129: 9127: 9114: 9110: 9100: 9098: 9085: 9084: 9080: 9070: 9068: 9055: 9054: 9050: 9041: 9039: 9023: 9022: 9018: 9008: 9006: 8993: 8989: 8979: 8977: 8964: 8963: 8959: 8950: 8948: 8932: 8931: 8927: 8917: 8915: 8908: 8892: 8888: 8872: 8871: 8864: 8862: 8855: 8839: 8835: 8825: 8823: 8816: 8800: 8796: 8786: 8784: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8756: 8754: 8741: 8740: 8736: 8727: 8723: 8713: 8711: 8698: 8694: 8687: 8679:. p. 124. 8667: 8663: 8653: 8651: 8644: 8628: 8624: 8614: 8612: 8605: 8589: 8585: 8575: 8573: 8560: 8559: 8555: 8546: 8542: 8534: 8530: 8522: 8515: 8507: 8503: 8486: 8482: 8465: 8461: 8451: 8449: 8440: 8439: 8435: 8429:Wayback Machine 8420: 8413: 8398: 8391: 8383: 8374: 8366: 8362: 8354: 8345: 8328: 8321: 8312: 8305: 8292: 8288: 8282:Wayback Machine 8275:Theodosian Code 8273: 8269: 8252: 8245: 8226: 8222: 8216:Wayback Machine 8206: 8202: 8185: 8181: 8171: 8169: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8147: 8143: 8133: 8131: 8118: 8117: 8113: 8105: 8101: 8093: 8089: 8081: 8077: 8072: 8068: 8063: 8059: 8055:(2000), p. 110) 8051:, extract from 8049:Wayback Machine 8039: 8035: 8027: 8023: 8016: 7996: 7992: 7985: 7965: 7958: 7946: 7942: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7919: 7911: 7909: 7892: 7888: 7878: 7876: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7857: 7853: 7843: 7841: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7816: 7796: 7792: 7785: 7765: 7758: 7748: 7746: 7733: 7732: 7728: 7723: 7719: 7709: 7707: 7698: 7697: 7693: 7688: 7684: 7675: 7671: 7664: 7650: 7646: 7639: 7625: 7621: 7614: 7600: 7596: 7589: 7575: 7571: 7564: 7550: 7546: 7537: 7533: 7527: 7514: 7513: 7500: 7461: 7457: 7447: 7445: 7432: 7431: 7427: 7417: 7415: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7387: 7385: 7372: 7371: 7367: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7334: 7330: 7311: 7307: 7282: 7278: 7273: 7252: 7237: 7231: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7188: 7187: 7183: 7173: 7171: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7143: 7141: 7126: 7125: 7118: 7111: 7099:. Vol. 2. 7091: 7087: 7077: 7075: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7036: 7019: 7015: 7010: 7006: 6985: 6981: 6972: 6968: 6961:summus pontifex 6949: 6945: 6940: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6842: 6834:Pope Benedict V 6777:Bl. John Paul I 6696: 6670:St. Sylvester I 6621: 6597: 6592: 6564: 6509: 6485: 6473: 6457: 6449:Main articles: 6447: 6427:Brief Statement 6403:Book of Concord 6283: 6277: 6235: 6204: 6128: 6122: 6042:excommunication 5946: 5925:First Sovereign 5890: 5873: 5867: 5816:Castel Gandolfo 5796: 5772: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5703: 5702: 5698:by Michelangelo 5650:Vatican Museums 5645: 5643:Vatican Museums 5635: 5634: 5570:Cappella Giulia 5380:Gregorian Tower 5330: 5322: 5321: 5252:Vatican Library 5247:Vatican Museums 5242: 5232: 5231: 5183: 5175: 5174: 5110: 5100: 5099: 5091: 5073: 5060: 5010: 5000: 4999: 4988:Papal Gentleman 4983:Papal household 4977: 4961: 4922:Diocese of Rome 4905:Catholic Church 4888: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4860: 4848: 4820: 4740: 4655: 4623: 4613: 4612: 4580: 4547:Doe v. Holy See 4499: 4489: 4488: 4435: 4401:Capture of Rome 4361: 4351: 4324: 4280: 4258: 4233:militant Church 4212: 4206:Papal supremacy 4204:Main articles: 4202: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4163: 4158: 4134:Dominican order 4123: 3989: 3983: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3956: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3939: 3928: 3902: 3885:Pope Theodore I 3873: 3863: 3857: 3841:John the Faster 3821: 3797:Summus Pontifex 3787:summus pontifex 3740:appears in the 3651: 3649:Supreme pontiff 3631:Pope Gregory II 3554: 3483:Supreme Pontiff 3461: 3455: 3443: 3418:Religious style 3399:Reference style 3381: 3379: 3376: 3371: 3351: 3345: 3269: 2977:Pietro Perugino 2963: 2957: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2932: 2929: 2917: 2914: 2903: 2900: 2851: 2777:Catholic Church 2773: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2739:Donatist schism 2721: 2718: 2707:Clement of Rome 2702: 2699: 2683: 2679: 2670: 2667: 2663:fellow-soldier. 2628: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2586: 2583: 2563: 2560: 2495: 2486: 2483: 2459: 2447: 2442: 2436: 2360:proclaimed the 2309: 2174: 2156:in the ongoing 2117:, known as the 2038:Tusculan Papacy 2011:Pepin the Short 2003:Pope Stephen II 1951: 1936: 1925: 1915: 1828: 1822: 1789: 1786: 1755: 1716: 1711: 1675: 1670:Clement of Rome 1636: 1573: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1536: 1502:charitable work 1352:supreme pontiff 1348:Catholic Church 1293: 1253: 1246: 1245: 1202: 1194: 1193: 1034: 1026: 1025: 919: 911: 910: 628: 620: 619: 595: 527:Diocesan bishop 522:Bishop emeritus 470:Vicar apostolic 445:Papal majordomo 371: 356:Catholic Church 355: 323:Religious style 304:Reference style 286: 284: 282:Papal styles of 281: 219:Catholic Church 184: 127: 126: 122: 115: 103: 75: 72: 70: 62: 61: 52: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23297: 23287: 23286: 23281: 23276: 23274:Heads of state 23271: 23266: 23261: 23256: 23251: 23246: 23241: 23226: 23225: 23213: 23190: 23189: 23187: 23186: 23173: 23170: 23169: 23167: 23166: 23158: 23156: 23152: 23151: 23149: 23148: 23143: 23138: 23137: 23136: 23126: 23121: 23116: 23111: 23108:Dominium mundi 23104: 23099: 23094: 23089: 23084: 23078: 23076: 23072: 23071: 23069: 23068: 23063: 23062: 23061: 23051: 23046: 23041: 23034: 23029: 23024: 23019: 23014: 23011:Dictatus papae 23007: 23001: 22999: 22993: 22992: 22990: 22989: 22984: 22979: 22974: 22969: 22964: 22959: 22954: 22949: 22944: 22939: 22934: 22929: 22923: 22921: 22917: 22916: 22909: 22908: 22901: 22894: 22886: 22877: 22876: 22874: 22873: 22870: 22867: 22863: 22860: 22859: 22856: 22855: 22853: 22852: 22846: 22844: 22840: 22839: 22837: 22836: 22831: 22826: 22821: 22815: 22813: 22809: 22808: 22806: 22805: 22803:United Kingdom 22800: 22795: 22790: 22785: 22780: 22775: 22770: 22765: 22760: 22755: 22750: 22745: 22740: 22735: 22730: 22725: 22720: 22715: 22710: 22705: 22700: 22695: 22690: 22685: 22680: 22675: 22670: 22665: 22660: 22655: 22650: 22645: 22640: 22635: 22630: 22625: 22620: 22615: 22610: 22608:Czech Republic 22605: 22600: 22595: 22590: 22585: 22580: 22575: 22570: 22565: 22560: 22555: 22549: 22547: 22538: 22530: 22529: 22526: 22525: 22523: 22522: 22516: 22514: 22510: 22509: 22507: 22506: 22501: 22496: 22491: 22485: 22483: 22479: 22478: 22476: 22475: 22473:United Kingdom 22470: 22465: 22460: 22455: 22450: 22445: 22440: 22435: 22430: 22425: 22420: 22415: 22410: 22405: 22400: 22395: 22390: 22385: 22380: 22375: 22370: 22365: 22360: 22355: 22350: 22345: 22340: 22335: 22330: 22325: 22320: 22315: 22310: 22305: 22300: 22295: 22290: 22285: 22280: 22278:Czech Republic 22275: 22270: 22265: 22260: 22255: 22250: 22245: 22240: 22235: 22230: 22225: 22219: 22217: 22208: 22200: 22199: 22194: 22193: 22186: 22179: 22171: 22162: 22161: 22159: 22158: 22145: 22142: 22141: 22139: 22138: 22133: 22127: 22125: 22121: 22120: 22118: 22117: 22109: 22103: 22095: 22088: 22086: 22076: 22075: 22073: 22072: 22064: 22058: 22050: 22042: 22033: 22031: 22021: 22020: 22018: 22017: 22009: 22003: 21997: 21991: 21983: 21974: 21972: 21962: 21961: 21958: 21957: 21954: 21953: 21951: 21950: 21942: 21934: 21926: 21915: 21914: 21903: 21901: 21888: 21887: 21885: 21884: 21876: 21868: 21859: 21857: 21843: 21842: 21840: 21839: 21831: 21822: 21820: 21800: 21796: 21795: 21792: 21791: 21789: 21788: 21780: 21772: 21765: 21763: 21746: 21745: 21743: 21742: 21734: 21726: 21712: 21701: 21699: 21681: 21680: 21678: 21677: 21669: 21661: 21653: 21645: 21639: 21629: 21618: 21616: 21598: 21597: 21595: 21594: 21586: 21578: 21571: 21569: 21559:Constantinople 21551: 21550: 21548: 21547: 21534: 21532: 21512: 21492: 21474: 21473: 21467:italic blue = 21420: 21417: 21416: 21405: 21404: 21397: 21390: 21382: 21373: 21372: 21370: 21369: 21359: 21352: 21349: 21348: 21346: 21345: 21340: 21335: 21330: 21329: 21328: 21323: 21318: 21308: 21302: 21300: 21296: 21295: 21292: 21291: 21289: 21288: 21283: 21276: 21269: 21262: 21257: 21256: 21255: 21250: 21245: 21240: 21235: 21227: 21225:Aquileian Rite 21222: 21216: 21214: 21210: 21209: 21206: 21205: 21203: 21202: 21197: 21195:Dominican Rite 21192: 21187: 21182: 21180:Carmelite Rite 21177: 21171: 21169: 21160: 21159: 21158: 21157: 21152: 21147: 21146: 21145: 21135: 21124: 21122:Mozarabic Rite 21119: 21114: 21112:Ambrosian Rite 21108: 21106: 21099: 21089: 21088: 21086: 21085: 21084: 21083: 21072: 21070: 21064: 21063: 21060: 21059: 21057: 21056: 21050: 21047:Pope Gregory I 21044: 21038: 21032: 21030:Pope Damasus I 21027: 21021: 21015: 21010: 21004: 21002: 21000:Church Fathers 20996: 20995: 20993: 20992: 20991: 20990: 20980: 20979: 20978: 20968: 20967: 20966: 20956: 20955: 20954: 20944: 20943: 20942: 20937: 20926: 20924: 20922:Apostolic sees 20915: 20914: 20909: 20904: 20899: 20894: 20889: 20884: 20879: 20874: 20872:Western Schism 20869: 20864: 20859: 20854: 20849: 20844: 20839: 20834: 20833: 20832: 20827: 20817: 20811: 20809: 20803: 20802: 20799: 20798: 20796: 20795: 20789: 20783: 20777: 20771: 20768:Constantinople 20765: 20759: 20753: 20746: 20744: 20740: 20739: 20737: 20736: 20727: 20718: 20709: 20700: 20671: 20669: 20662: 20650: 20649: 20642: 20641: 20634: 20627: 20619: 20610: 20609: 20607: 20606: 20594: 20581: 20578: 20577: 20575: 20574: 20569: 20568: 20567: 20562: 20552: 20547: 20542: 20537: 20529: 20527: 20523: 20522: 20519: 20518: 20515: 20514: 20512: 20511: 20506: 20501: 20495: 20493: 20484: 20483: 20474: 20468: 20467: 20466: 20463: 20457: 20454: 20445: 20443: 20437: 20436: 20433: 20432: 20430: 20429: 20428: 20427: 20419: 20413: 20408: 20403: 20398: 20395: 20390: 20384: 20380:Palace of the 20377: 20375: 20365: 20364: 20362: 20361: 20356: 20351: 20346: 20343: 20342: 20341: 20331: 20326: 20321: 20316: 20311: 20306: 20301: 20296: 20295: 20294: 20289: 20284: 20273: 20268: 20267: 20266: 20263: 20258: 20253: 20246:Lateran Palace 20242: 20235: 20234: 20232: 20231: 20226: 20221: 20216: 20210: 20208: 20198: 20197: 20189: 20178: 20175:territoriality 20162: 20161: 20158: 20157: 20154: 20153: 20151: 20150: 20145: 20140: 20135: 20130: 20125: 20120: 20115: 20110: 20105: 20099: 20097: 20091: 20090: 20088: 20087: 20082: 20076: 20074: 20068: 20067: 20065: 20064: 20059: 20054: 20049: 20044: 20039: 20037:Velletri-Segni 20034: 20028: 20026: 20017: 19996:Ecclesiastical 19992: 19991: 19989: 19988: 19983: 19978: 19972: 19970: 19961: 19952:full communion 19936: 19935: 19932: 19931: 19929: 19928: 19927: 19926: 19916: 19915: 19914: 19904: 19903: 19902: 19895:European Union 19892: 19891: 19890: 19889: 19888: 19876:United Nations 19873: 19868: 19867: 19866: 19856: 19851: 19845: 19843: 19831: 19830: 19828: 19827: 19826: 19825: 19820: 19815: 19810: 19809: 19808: 19798: 19787: 19785: 19779: 19778: 19776: 19775: 19774: 19773: 19771:Papal conclave 19763: 19757: 19755: 19749: 19748: 19746: 19745: 19744: 19743: 19738: 19728: 19726:Pietro Parolin 19720: 19711: 19709: 19700: 19676: 19675: 19673: 19672: 19667: 19662: 19661: 19660: 19658:Lateran Treaty 19650: 19645: 19638: 19633: 19628: 19627: 19626: 19624:Temporal power 19616: 19614:Avignon Papacy 19611: 19606: 19601: 19596: 19595: 19594: 19587:Lateran Palace 19584: 19579: 19574: 19569: 19564: 19558: 19556: 19550: 19549: 19547: 19546: 19537: 19528: 19504: 19501: 19500: 19493: 19492: 19485: 19478: 19470: 19461: 19460: 19458: 19457: 19445: 19432: 19429: 19428: 19426: 19425: 19420: 19414: 19408: 19403: 19397: 19395: 19391: 19390: 19387: 19386: 19384: 19383: 19378: 19373: 19367: 19365: 19361: 19360: 19358: 19357: 19351: 19349: 19343: 19342: 19339: 19338: 19336: 19335: 19330: 19323: 19322: 19321: 19314: 19302: 19297: 19296: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19275: 19274: 19273: 19262: 19260: 19251: 19250: 19245: 19240: 19239: 19238: 19228: 19227: 19226: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19204:Climate Forest 19201: 19200: 19199: 19189: 19184: 19183: 19182: 19177: 19166: 19160: 19154: 19153: 19150: 19149: 19147: 19146: 19145: 19144: 19139: 19128: 19126: 19125:Infrastructure 19122: 19121: 19119: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19107: 19106: 19105: 19104: 19097:Poste Vaticane 19094: 19087:Communications 19084: 19079: 19073: 19067: 19061: 19060: 19057: 19056: 19054: 19053: 19047: 19042: 19036: 19034: 19028: 19027: 19025: 19024: 19023: 19022: 19017: 19012: 19007: 19006: 19005: 18995: 18984: 18982: 18976: 18975: 18973: 18972: 18970:Pietro Parolin 18964: 18955: 18953: 18949: 18948: 18946: 18945: 18944: 18939: 18929: 18924: 18919: 18914: 18908: 18902: 18901: 18898: 18897: 18895: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18868: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18836: 18835: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18807: 18806: 18801: 18791: 18786: 18785: 18784: 18774: 18769: 18764: 18758: 18755: 18754: 18752: 18751: 18746: 18741: 18736: 18731: 18726: 18721: 18716: 18714:Pio-Clementino 18711: 18706: 18701: 18695: 18693: 18687: 18686: 18684: 18683: 18682: 18681: 18676: 18671: 18664:Sistine Chapel 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18635: 18634: 18622: 18617: 18612: 18606: 18604: 18598: 18597: 18594: 18593: 18591: 18590: 18585: 18580: 18579: 18578: 18573: 18568: 18558: 18551: 18546: 18540: 18538: 18529: 18527:Major basilica 18516: 18510: 18509: 18507: 18506: 18501: 18496: 18491: 18489:Lateran Treaty 18486: 18481: 18476: 18471: 18470: 18469: 18459: 18457:Circus of Nero 18454: 18447: 18441: 18439: 18433: 18432: 18430: 18429: 18424: 18423: 18422: 18408: 18407: 18406: 18396: 18391: 18385: 18382: 18381: 18370: 18369: 18362: 18355: 18347: 18338: 18337: 18335: 18334: 18324: 18311: 18308: 18307: 18305: 18304: 18299: 18294: 18289: 18286: 18280: 18275: 18270: 18265: 18260: 18255: 18250: 18244: 18242: 18236: 18235: 18233: 18232: 18227: 18222: 18217: 18215:Legion of Mary 18212: 18207: 18202: 18197: 18192: 18187: 18182: 18177: 18172: 18167: 18166: 18165: 18164: 18163: 18153: 18152: 18151: 18144:Lay Carmelites 18141: 18131: 18130: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18103: 18101: 18093: 18092: 18090: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17994: 17992:Conceptionists 17989: 17984: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17959: 17954: 17949: 17944: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17927:Assumptionists 17923: 17921: 17906: 17905: 17903: 17902: 17895: 17888: 17881: 17878: 17877: 17876: 17871: 17866: 17856: 17850: 17848: 17842: 17841: 17839: 17838: 17833: 17828: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17795: 17794: 17793: 17783: 17778: 17773: 17772: 17771: 17760: 17758: 17752: 17751: 17748: 17747: 17745: 17744: 17743: 17742: 17741: 17740: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17715: 17710: 17705: 17695: 17694: 17693: 17692: 17691: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17661: 17650: 17648: 17642: 17641: 17639: 17638: 17637: 17636: 17631: 17629:Syro-Malankara 17626: 17621: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17579:Italo-Albanian 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17511: 17505: 17503: 17493: 17492: 17490: 17489: 17488: 17487: 17482: 17477: 17467: 17462: 17461: 17460: 17450: 17449: 17448: 17443: 17433: 17428: 17427: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17397: 17390: 17388: 17382: 17381: 17379: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17363: 17362: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17306: 17305: 17304: 17299: 17288: 17286: 17275: 17274: 17272: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17249:Lateran Treaty 17246: 17241: 17236: 17230: 17228: 17222: 17221: 17219: 17218: 17213: 17208: 17207: 17206: 17196: 17195: 17194: 17189: 17175: 17170: 17161: 17159: 17144: 17118: 17117: 17115: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17094: 17089: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17068: 17067: 17062: 17051: 17049: 17043: 17042: 17040: 17039: 17038: 17037: 17032: 17022: 17021: 17020: 17010: 17007: 17002: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16985:Moral theology 16982: 16976: 16974: 16968: 16967: 16964: 16963: 16961: 16960: 16955: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16937: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16911: 16909: 16903: 16902: 16900: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16888: 16887: 16877: 16872: 16867: 16862: 16856: 16854: 16848: 16847: 16845: 16844: 16839: 16832: 16827: 16822: 16815: 16810: 16809: 16808: 16803: 16793: 16788: 16783: 16775: 16773: 16767: 16766: 16764: 16763: 16758: 16757: 16756: 16749: 16744: 16736: 16731: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16685: 16684: 16679: 16668: 16666: 16659: 16637: 16636: 16633: 16632: 16630: 16629: 16624: 16619: 16614: 16609: 16604: 16599: 16594: 16589: 16584: 16583: 16582: 16581: 16580: 16570: 16559: 16557: 16551: 16550: 16548: 16547: 16542: 16537: 16532: 16527: 16522: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16502: 16500:Pope Gregory I 16497: 16491: 16489: 16483: 16482: 16480: 16479: 16474: 16472:Biblical canon 16469: 16467:Late antiquity 16464: 16463: 16462: 16457: 16447: 16442: 16436: 16434: 16428: 16427: 16425: 16424: 16423: 16422: 16412: 16411: 16410: 16403:Church fathers 16400: 16399: 16398: 16393: 16383: 16382: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16355: 16353: 16344: 16337:Ecclesiastical 16324: 16323: 16321: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16299: 16296: 16295: 16288: 16287: 16280: 16273: 16265: 16256: 16255: 16253: 16252: 16240: 16227: 16224: 16223: 16221: 16220: 16219: 16218: 16216:Western Schism 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16177: 16176: 16174:Major Seminary 16166: 16165: 16164: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16143: 16142: 16133:Papal nobility 16129: 16127: 16123: 16122: 16120: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16104: 16103: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16086: 16085: 16075: 16065: 16064: 16063: 16058: 16047: 16045: 16041: 16040: 16038: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 16006: 16005: 15995: 15990: 15981: 15975: 15973: 15967: 15966: 15964: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15947: 15945: 15944:Transportation 15941: 15940: 15938: 15937: 15932: 15931: 15930: 15920: 15918:Sub-cinctorium 15915: 15914: 15913: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15852: 15850: 15844: 15843: 15841: 15840: 15835: 15834: 15833: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15802: 15801: 15791: 15790: 15789: 15782: 15770: 15769: 15768: 15757: 15755: 15751: 15750: 15748: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15726: 15725: 15715: 15710: 15704: 15702: 15698: 15697: 15695: 15694: 15689: 15684: 15679: 15677:Keys of Heaven 15674: 15669: 15664: 15658: 15656: 15650: 15649: 15647: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15604:Bishop of Rome 15601: 15595: 15593: 15581: 15580: 15578: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15556: 15554: 15548: 15547: 15545: 15544: 15534: 15528: 15527: 15526: 15524:Sistine Chapel 15521: 15511: 15504: 15502: 15498: 15497: 15494: 15493: 15490: 15489: 15487: 15486: 15477: 15476: 15475: 15472:Lateran Treaty 15455: 15453: 15434: 15433: 15432: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15400: 15398: 15395:Full communion 15383: 15377: 15376: 15363: 15360: 15359: 15352: 15351: 15344: 15337: 15329: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15316: 15304: 15291: 15288: 15287: 15284: 15283: 15281: 15280: 15279: 15278: 15272: 15260: 15257:Roman Question 15254: 15248: 15247:(c. 1640–1740) 15242: 15239:Baroque Papacy 15236: 15230: 15223: 15221: 15215: 15214: 15212: 15211: 15208:Western Schism 15205: 15202:Avignon Papacy 15199: 15198: 15197: 15191: 15185: 15176: 15170: 15163: 15161: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15151: 15148:Crescentii era 15145: 15137: 15131: 15125: 15119: 15118: 15117: 15104: 15102: 15091: 15085: 15084: 15082: 15081: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14954:Alexander VIII 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14905: 14903: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14800: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14619: 14617: 14613: 14612: 14610: 14609: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14569: 14564: 14559: 14554: 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14337:Anastasius III 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14218: 14216: 14212: 14211: 14209: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13922: 13920: 13916: 13915: 13913: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13716: 13714: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13706: 13701: 13700: 13699: 13689: 13684: 13683: 13682: 13677: 13669: 13664: 13663: 13662: 13657: 13646: 13643: 13642: 13631: 13630: 13623: 13616: 13608: 13602: 13601: 13595: 13589: 13583: 13573: 13568: 13561: 13560:External links 13558: 13557: 13556: 13550: 13534: 13528: 13513: 13507: 13492: 13475: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13446: 13412: 13390: 13384: 13372:Orlandis, José 13368: 13362: 13349: 13343: 13330: 13324: 13306: 13286: 13280: 13267: 13239: 13222: 13216: 13201: 13188: 13182: 13164: 13158: 13140: 13134: 13116: 13110: 13094: 13088: 13073: 13067: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13045: 13044: 13024: 13007: 12981: 12955: 12936: 12924: 12905: 12870: 12844: 12818: 12800: 12774: 12748: 12730: 12711: 12689: 12656: 12620: 12594: 12564: 12531: 12508: 12475: 12444: 12413: 12390: 12359: 12333: 12314: 12294: 12267: 12236: 12197: 12158: 12151: 12133: 12102: 12071: 12048: 12029: 12026:Avignon Papacy 12017: 12005: 11979: 11964:. Vatican.va. 11949: 11940: 11931: 11922: 11913: 11892:Latin original 11879: 11875:Pope Eugene IV 11859:Pope Julius II 11851:Pope Adrian VI 11822: 11792: 11761: 11735: 11709: 11679: 11662:educalingo.com 11649: 11619: 11589: 11551: 11521: 11499: 11484:. Vatican.va. 11473: 11450: 11424: 11405: 11373: 11366: 11336: 11319: 11289: 11263: 11240: 11108: 11070: 11054: 11043:on 21 May 2013 11025: 11012:, ed. (1875). 11010:Smith, William 10998: 10985:, reviewed in 10962: 10930: 10915:. Clerus.org. 10900: 10874: 10855: 10835: 10805: 10786: 10766: 10745: 10733: 10718:. New Advent. 10703: 10688:. New Advent. 10673: 10654: 10631: 10608: 10606:), pp. 37, 85. 10580: 10552: 10541: 10511: 10485: 10459: 10432: 10400: 10377: 10357: 10326: 10300: 10290: 10257: 10227: 10214: 10184: 10154: 10123: 10093: 10081: 10013: 9993: 9970: 9947: 9920: 9897: 9875: 9856: 9843: 9839:Ncronline.com. 9820: 9798: 9772: 9741: 9722: 9702: 9690: 9664: 9652: 9641: 9630: 9619: 9608: 9578: 9545: 9526: 9507: 9488: 9459:Henry, Matthew 9450: 9421:Scofield, C. I 9412: 9370: 9332: 9298: 9260: 9249: 9238: 9227: 9197: 9167: 9137: 9108: 9078: 9048: 9016: 8987: 8957: 8925: 8906: 8886: 8853: 8833: 8814: 8794: 8764: 8747:Church Fathers 8734: 8721: 8692: 8685: 8661: 8642: 8622: 8603: 8583: 8553: 8540: 8528: 8513: 8501: 8480: 8459: 8433: 8411: 8389: 8372: 8360: 8343: 8319: 8303: 8286: 8267: 8243: 8220: 8200: 8179: 8154: 8141: 8111: 8099: 8087: 8075: 8066: 8057: 8033: 8021: 8014: 8001:A New Eusebius 7990: 7983: 7956: 7940: 7926: 7886: 7860: 7851: 7836:. New Advent. 7821: 7814: 7801:A New Eusebius 7790: 7783: 7756: 7741:. Vatican.va. 7726: 7717: 7691: 7682: 7669: 7662: 7644: 7637: 7619: 7612: 7594: 7587: 7569: 7562: 7544: 7531: 7525: 7498: 7455: 7425: 7395: 7365: 7362:on 4 May 2005. 7347: 7328: 7305: 7287:". Chapter 8: 7276: 7250: 7225: 7199: 7181: 7151: 7116: 7109: 7085: 7058: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7013: 7004: 6979: 6966: 6943: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6892:Papal slippers 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6781: 6780: 6774: 6768: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6728: 6722: 6703:Pope Urban VII 6695: 6692: 6680: 6679: 6673: 6667: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6625: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6582:in Spain. The 6563: 6560: 6508: 6505: 6484: 6481: 6472: 6469: 6455:Western Schism 6446: 6443: 6315:abuse of power 6279:Main article: 6276: 6273: 6268:ultramontanism 6234: 6231: 6203: 6200: 6124:Main article: 6121: 6118: 5954: 5953: 5944: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5926: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5888: 5880: 5879: 5869:Main article: 5866: 5865:Political role 5863: 5855:cardinal vicar 5795: 5792: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5730: 5718: 5713: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5692: 5687: 5685:Sistine Chapel 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5646: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5590:Circus of Nero 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5430:Lateran Palace 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5217: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5111: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5050: 5048:Paul Gallagher 5039: 5038: 5037: 5035:Lateran Treaty 5027: 5022: 5017: 5011: 5006: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4991: 4990: 4980: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4956: 4951: 4950: 4949: 4939:Papal conclave 4936: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4873: 4870: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4858: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4843: 4836: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4797: 4796: 4795: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4748: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4738:Pietro Parolin 4732: 4725: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4681: 4673: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4647: 4645: 4635: 4630: 4624: 4619: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4578: 4573: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4542: 4528: 4526:Lateran Treaty 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4500: 4495: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4429: 4426:Lateran Treaty 4423: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4414:Roman Question 4410:" (1870–1929) 4404: 4398: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4375: 4369: 4362: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4335: 4334: 4323: 4320: 4257: 4254: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4175: 4173: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4122: 4121:Papal garments 4119: 4051: 4050: 4008: 3996: 3985:Main article: 3982: 3979: 3957: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3940: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3901: 3898: 3859:Main article: 3856: 3853: 3820: 3817: 3699:ἱεροδιδάσκαλος 3650: 3647: 3627:Saint Boniface 3615:vicarius Petri 3553: 3550: 3538:Constantinople 3499:Roman Province 3457:Main article: 3454: 3451: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3386: 3385: 3370: 3367: 3347:Main article: 3344: 3341: 3268: 3265: 3172:Christian name 3040:Sistine Chapel 2961:Papal conclave 2959:Main article: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2944:Matthew, 16:18 2941: 2927: 2915:Matthew, 16:19 2912: 2898: 2890:Book of Isaiah 2880:, Vatican City 2878:Sistine Chapel 2850: 2847: 2825: 2824: 2821:Feed my sheep. 2813: 2802: 2766: 2763: 2756: 2729:the bishop of 2716: 2697: 2665: 2642:Church History 2619: 2616: 2609: 2581: 2558: 2481: 2468:Pope Cornelius 2446: 2445:Church Fathers 2443: 2435: 2432: 2392:Lateran Treaty 2345:initiated the 2308: 2305: 2301:Constantinople 2297:Ottoman Empire 2277:Western Schism 2220:Avignon Papacy 2182:Western Schism 2173: 2170: 2092:Abbey of Cluny 2046:Lateran Palace 1952: 540–604 1945:Pope Gregory I 1930:Carlo Saraceni 1926: 540–604 1914: 1911: 1901:, king of the 1860:Constantius II 1848:trinitarianism 1838:. In 325, the 1832:Edict of Milan 1821: 1818: 1794:Quartodecimans 1784: 1734:James the Just 1715: 1705: 1635: 1632: 1566:Main article: 1563: 1560: 1555:Main article: 1552: 1549: 1450:Lateran Treaty 1424:is called the 1407:Keys of Heaven 1340:bishop of Rome 1295: 1294: 1292: 1291: 1284: 1277: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1174:Protosyncellus 1171: 1166: 1161: 1159:Promotor Fidei 1156: 1154:Prince-provost 1151: 1149:Prince-primate 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 992: 991: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 920: 917: 916: 913: 912: 909: 908: 907: 906: 898: 897: 896: 891: 889:Judicial vicar 881: 876: 875: 874: 869: 864: 862:Servant of God 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 833: 832: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 801: 800: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 769: 768: 763: 753: 752: 751: 746: 745: 744: 739: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 693: 692: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 661: 660: 655: 645: 640: 635: 629: 626: 625: 622: 621: 618: 617: 612: 607: 602: 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 587: 586: 581: 576: 575: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 547:Titular bishop 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 509: 508: 507: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 426: 425: 420: 415: 410: 408:Cardinal Vicar 400: 399: 398: 385: 384: 373: 372: 367: 359: 358: 350: 349: 341: 340: 328: 327: 324: 320: 319: 316: 312: 311: 306: 300: 299: 291: 290: 274: 273: 267: 266: 262: 261: 256: 252: 251: 246: 242: 241: 236: 232: 231: 226: 222: 221: 216: 212: 211: 206: 202: 201: 197: 196: 195:, Vatican City 190: 186: 185: 183: 182: 176: 169: 167: 163: 162: 157: 151: 150: 146: 145: 140: 134: 133: 117: 116: 113: 105: 104: 98: 90: 89: 86: 85: 81: 80: 77: 76: 73: 64: 60:Bishop of Rome 59: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23296: 23285: 23282: 23280: 23277: 23275: 23272: 23270: 23267: 23265: 23262: 23260: 23257: 23255: 23252: 23250: 23247: 23245: 23242: 23240: 23237: 23236: 23234: 23224: 23214: 23212: 23202: 23201: 23198: 23185: 23180: 23175: 23174: 23171: 23165: 23164: 23160: 23159: 23157: 23153: 23147: 23144: 23142: 23139: 23135: 23132: 23131: 23130: 23127: 23125: 23122: 23120: 23117: 23115: 23112: 23110: 23109: 23105: 23103: 23100: 23098: 23095: 23093: 23090: 23088: 23085: 23083: 23080: 23079: 23077: 23073: 23067: 23064: 23060: 23057: 23056: 23055: 23052: 23050: 23047: 23045: 23042: 23040: 23039: 23035: 23033: 23030: 23028: 23025: 23023: 23020: 23018: 23015: 23013: 23012: 23008: 23006: 23003: 23002: 23000: 22994: 22988: 22985: 22983: 22980: 22978: 22975: 22973: 22970: 22968: 22965: 22963: 22960: 22958: 22955: 22953: 22950: 22948: 22945: 22943: 22940: 22938: 22935: 22933: 22930: 22928: 22925: 22924: 22922: 22918: 22914: 22907: 22902: 22900: 22895: 22893: 22888: 22887: 22884: 22871: 22868: 22865: 22864: 22861: 22851: 22848: 22847: 22845: 22841: 22835: 22834:South Ossetia 22832: 22830: 22827: 22825: 22822: 22820: 22817: 22816: 22814: 22810: 22804: 22801: 22799: 22796: 22794: 22791: 22789: 22786: 22784: 22781: 22779: 22776: 22774: 22771: 22769: 22766: 22764: 22761: 22759: 22756: 22754: 22751: 22749: 22746: 22744: 22741: 22739: 22736: 22734: 22731: 22729: 22726: 22724: 22721: 22719: 22716: 22714: 22711: 22709: 22706: 22704: 22701: 22699: 22696: 22694: 22691: 22689: 22686: 22684: 22683:Liechtenstein 22681: 22679: 22676: 22674: 22671: 22669: 22666: 22664: 22661: 22659: 22656: 22654: 22651: 22649: 22646: 22644: 22641: 22639: 22636: 22634: 22631: 22629: 22626: 22624: 22621: 22619: 22616: 22614: 22611: 22609: 22606: 22604: 22601: 22599: 22596: 22594: 22591: 22589: 22586: 22584: 22581: 22579: 22576: 22574: 22571: 22569: 22566: 22564: 22561: 22559: 22556: 22554: 22551: 22550: 22548: 22546:and observers 22542: 22539: 22537: 22531: 22521: 22518: 22517: 22515: 22511: 22505: 22504:South Ossetia 22502: 22500: 22497: 22495: 22492: 22490: 22487: 22486: 22484: 22480: 22474: 22471: 22469: 22466: 22464: 22461: 22459: 22456: 22454: 22451: 22449: 22446: 22444: 22441: 22439: 22436: 22434: 22431: 22429: 22426: 22424: 22421: 22419: 22416: 22414: 22411: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22391: 22389: 22386: 22384: 22381: 22379: 22376: 22374: 22371: 22369: 22366: 22364: 22361: 22359: 22356: 22354: 22353:Liechtenstein 22351: 22349: 22346: 22344: 22341: 22339: 22336: 22334: 22331: 22329: 22326: 22324: 22321: 22319: 22316: 22314: 22311: 22309: 22306: 22304: 22301: 22299: 22296: 22294: 22291: 22289: 22286: 22284: 22281: 22279: 22276: 22274: 22271: 22269: 22266: 22264: 22261: 22259: 22256: 22254: 22251: 22249: 22246: 22244: 22241: 22239: 22236: 22234: 22231: 22229: 22226: 22224: 22221: 22220: 22218: 22216:and observers 22212: 22209: 22207: 22201: 22192: 22187: 22185: 22180: 22178: 22173: 22172: 22169: 22157: 22152: 22147: 22146: 22143: 22137: 22136:Episcopal see 22134: 22132: 22129: 22128: 22126: 22122: 22115: 22110: 22107: 22104: 22101: 22096: 22093: 22090: 22089: 22087: 22081: 22077: 22070: 22069: 22065: 22062: 22059: 22056: 22055: 22051: 22048: 22047: 22043: 22040: 22039: 22035: 22034: 22032: 22026: 22022: 22015: 22014: 22010: 22007: 22004: 22001: 21998: 21995: 21992: 21989: 21988: 21984: 21981: 21980: 21976: 21975: 21973: 21967: 21963: 21948: 21947: 21943: 21940: 21935: 21932: 21927: 21924: 21923: 21917: 21916: 21912: 21911: 21905: 21904: 21902: 21897: 21893: 21889: 21882: 21881: 21877: 21874: 21873: 21869: 21866: 21865: 21861: 21860: 21858: 21852: 21848: 21844: 21837: 21836: 21832: 21829: 21828: 21824: 21823: 21821: 21817: 21812: 21808: 21804: 21801: 21797: 21786: 21785: 21781: 21778: 21773: 21770: 21767: 21766: 21764: 21760: 21755: 21751: 21747: 21740: 21739: 21735: 21732: 21731: 21727: 21724: 21720: 21719: 21713: 21710: 21706: 21703: 21702: 21700: 21696: 21690: 21686: 21682: 21675: 21674: 21670: 21667: 21666: 21662: 21659: 21658: 21654: 21651: 21650: 21646: 21643: 21640: 21637: 21636: 21630: 21627: 21626: 21620: 21619: 21617: 21613: 21607: 21603: 21599: 21592: 21587: 21584: 21583: 21579: 21576: 21573: 21572: 21570: 21566: 21560: 21556: 21552: 21545: 21541: 21540: 21536: 21535: 21533: 21529: 21524: 21520: 21516: 21513: 21509: 21500: 21496: 21493: 21486: 21481: 21475: 21471: 21470: 21464: 21456: 21451: 21443: 21442: 21437: 21432: 21428: 21424: 21418: 21414: 21410: 21409:Patriarchates 21403: 21398: 21396: 21391: 21389: 21384: 21383: 21380: 21368: 21360: 21358: 21354: 21353: 21350: 21344: 21341: 21339: 21336: 21334: 21331: 21327: 21324: 21322: 21319: 21317: 21314: 21313: 21312: 21309: 21307: 21304: 21303: 21301: 21297: 21287: 21284: 21282: 21281: 21277: 21275: 21274: 21270: 21268: 21267: 21266:Missa Nautica 21263: 21261: 21260:Gallican Rite 21258: 21254: 21251: 21249: 21246: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21231: 21230: 21228: 21226: 21223: 21221: 21218: 21217: 21215: 21211: 21201: 21198: 21196: 21193: 21191: 21188: 21186: 21183: 21181: 21178: 21176: 21173: 21172: 21170: 21168: 21164: 21156: 21153: 21151: 21148: 21144: 21141: 21140: 21139: 21136: 21133: 21130: 21129: 21128: 21125: 21123: 21120: 21118: 21117:Rite of Braga 21115: 21113: 21110: 21109: 21107: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21094: 21090: 21082: 21079: 21078: 21077: 21074: 21073: 21071: 21069: 21065: 21054: 21051: 21048: 21045: 21042: 21039: 21036: 21033: 21031: 21028: 21025: 21022: 21019: 21016: 21014: 21011: 21009: 21006: 21005: 21003: 21001: 20997: 20989: 20986: 20985: 20984: 20981: 20977: 20974: 20973: 20972: 20969: 20965: 20962: 20961: 20960: 20957: 20953: 20950: 20949: 20948: 20945: 20941: 20938: 20936: 20933: 20932: 20931: 20928: 20927: 20925: 20923: 20919: 20913: 20910: 20908: 20905: 20903: 20900: 20898: 20895: 20893: 20890: 20888: 20885: 20883: 20880: 20878: 20875: 20873: 20870: 20868: 20865: 20863: 20862:Scholasticism 20860: 20858: 20855: 20853: 20850: 20848: 20845: 20843: 20840: 20838: 20837:First Martyrs 20835: 20831: 20828: 20826: 20825:Papal primacy 20823: 20822: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20813: 20812: 20810: 20808: 20804: 20793: 20790: 20787: 20784: 20781: 20778: 20775: 20772: 20769: 20766: 20763: 20760: 20757: 20754: 20751: 20748: 20747: 20745: 20741: 20735: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20722: 20719: 20717: 20713: 20710: 20708: 20704: 20701: 20697: 20693: 20692: 20687: 20684: 20680: 20676: 20673: 20672: 20670: 20666: 20663: 20660: 20655: 20654:Patriarchates 20651: 20647: 20640: 20635: 20633: 20628: 20626: 20621: 20620: 20617: 20605: 20600: 20595: 20593: 20583: 20582: 20579: 20573: 20570: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20558: 20557: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20550:Peter's Pence 20548: 20546: 20543: 20541: 20538: 20536: 20535: 20531: 20530: 20528: 20524: 20510: 20507: 20505: 20502: 20500: 20497: 20496: 20494: 20488: 20482: 20478: 20477:Vatican Radio 20475: 20473: 20469: 20464: 20462: 20458: 20455: 20452: 20451: 20450: 20447: 20446: 20444: 20438: 20426: 20423: 20422: 20420: 20418: 20414: 20412: 20409: 20407: 20404: 20402: 20399: 20396: 20394: 20391: 20389: 20385: 20383: 20382:Holy Apostles 20379: 20378: 20376: 20370: 20360: 20357: 20355: 20352: 20350: 20347: 20344: 20340: 20337: 20336: 20335: 20332: 20330: 20327: 20325: 20322: 20320: 20317: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20300: 20297: 20293: 20290: 20288: 20285: 20283: 20280: 20279: 20277: 20274: 20272: 20269: 20264: 20262: 20259: 20257: 20254: 20252: 20249: 20248: 20247: 20244: 20243: 20240: 20230: 20227: 20225: 20222: 20220: 20217: 20215: 20212: 20211: 20209: 20207: 20203: 20193: 20190: 20188: 20182: 20179: 20176: 20167: 20163: 20149: 20146: 20144: 20141: 20139: 20136: 20134: 20131: 20129: 20126: 20124: 20121: 20119: 20116: 20114: 20111: 20109: 20108:Anagni-Alatri 20106: 20104: 20101: 20100: 20098: 20096: 20092: 20086: 20083: 20081: 20078: 20077: 20075: 20073: 20069: 20063: 20060: 20058: 20055: 20053: 20050: 20048: 20045: 20043: 20040: 20038: 20035: 20033: 20030: 20029: 20027: 20025: 20021: 20018: 20014: 20009: 20005: 19999: 19993: 19987: 19984: 19982: 19979: 19977: 19974: 19973: 19971: 19969: 19965: 19962: 19958: 19957:Papal primacy 19953: 19949: 19943: 19937: 19925: 19922: 19921: 19920: 19917: 19913: 19910: 19909: 19908: 19905: 19901: 19898: 19897: 19896: 19893: 19887: 19884: 19883: 19882: 19879: 19878: 19877: 19874: 19872: 19869: 19865: 19862: 19861: 19860: 19857: 19855: 19852: 19850: 19847: 19846: 19844: 19841: 19836: 19832: 19824: 19821: 19819: 19818:Congregations 19816: 19814: 19811: 19807: 19804: 19803: 19802: 19799: 19797: 19794: 19793: 19792: 19789: 19788: 19786: 19784: 19780: 19772: 19769: 19768: 19767: 19764: 19762: 19759: 19758: 19756: 19754: 19750: 19742: 19739: 19737: 19734: 19733: 19732: 19729: 19727: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19713: 19712: 19710: 19708: 19704: 19701: 19697: 19692: 19689:international 19683: 19677: 19671: 19668: 19666: 19663: 19659: 19656: 19655: 19654: 19651: 19649: 19646: 19643: 19639: 19637: 19634: 19632: 19629: 19625: 19622: 19621: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19612: 19610: 19607: 19605: 19602: 19600: 19599:Duchy of Rome 19597: 19593: 19590: 19589: 19588: 19585: 19583: 19580: 19578: 19575: 19573: 19570: 19568: 19565: 19563: 19562:Apostolic see 19560: 19559: 19557: 19555: 19551: 19545: 19541: 19538: 19536: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19523: 19519: 19516: 19512: 19511:episcopal see 19509: 19506: 19505: 19502: 19498: 19491: 19486: 19484: 19479: 19477: 19472: 19471: 19468: 19456: 19451: 19446: 19444: 19434: 19433: 19430: 19424: 19421: 19418: 19415: 19412: 19409: 19407: 19404: 19402: 19399: 19398: 19396: 19392: 19382: 19379: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19369: 19368: 19366: 19362: 19356: 19353: 19352: 19350: 19348: 19344: 19334: 19331: 19329: 19328: 19324: 19320: 19319: 19315: 19313: 19312: 19308: 19307: 19306: 19303: 19301: 19298: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19288:Vatican Radio 19286: 19284: 19281: 19280: 19279: 19278:Vatican Media 19276: 19272: 19269: 19268: 19267: 19264: 19263: 19261: 19259: 19255: 19249: 19246: 19244: 19241: 19237: 19234: 19233: 19232: 19229: 19225: 19222: 19221: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19198: 19195: 19194: 19193: 19190: 19188: 19185: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19173: 19172: 19171: 19168: 19167: 19164: 19161: 19159: 19155: 19143: 19140: 19138: 19135: 19134: 19133: 19130: 19129: 19127: 19123: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19103: 19100: 19099: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19089: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19074: 19071: 19068: 19066: 19062: 19052: 19048: 19046: 19043: 19041: 19038: 19037: 19035: 19033: 19029: 19021: 19018: 19016: 19015:Congregations 19013: 19011: 19008: 19004: 19001: 19000: 18999: 18996: 18994: 18991: 18990: 18989: 18986: 18985: 18983: 18981: 18977: 18971: 18968: 18965: 18963: 18960: 18957: 18956: 18954: 18950: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18934: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18927:Vicar General 18925: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18903: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18852: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18834: 18833: 18829: 18828: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18796: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18783: 18780: 18779: 18778: 18775: 18773: 18770: 18768: 18767:Casina Pio IV 18765: 18763: 18760: 18759: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18734:Pio Cristiano 18732: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18702: 18700: 18697: 18696: 18694: 18692: 18688: 18680: 18679:Room of Tears 18677: 18675: 18672: 18670: 18667: 18666: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18644:Raphael Rooms 18642: 18640: 18637: 18633: 18632: 18628: 18627: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18611: 18608: 18607: 18605: 18603: 18599: 18589: 18586: 18584: 18581: 18577: 18574: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18563: 18562: 18559: 18557: 18556: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18541: 18539: 18537: 18533: 18530: 18528: 18524: 18520: 18517: 18515: 18511: 18505: 18502: 18500: 18499:Borgo Vecchio 18497: 18495: 18492: 18490: 18487: 18485: 18482: 18480: 18477: 18475: 18472: 18468: 18465: 18464: 18463: 18460: 18458: 18455: 18452: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18442: 18440: 18438: 18434: 18428: 18425: 18421: 18418: 18417: 18416: 18412: 18409: 18405: 18402: 18401: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18387: 18386: 18383: 18379: 18375: 18368: 18363: 18361: 18356: 18354: 18349: 18348: 18345: 18333: 18325: 18323: 18318: 18313: 18312: 18309: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18293: 18290: 18287: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18263:Home Missions 18261: 18259: 18256: 18254: 18251: 18249: 18246: 18245: 18243: 18241: 18237: 18231: 18228: 18226: 18223: 18221: 18218: 18216: 18213: 18211: 18208: 18206: 18203: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18191: 18188: 18186: 18183: 18181: 18178: 18176: 18173: 18171: 18168: 18162: 18159: 18158: 18157: 18156:Saint Francis 18154: 18150: 18147: 18146: 18145: 18142: 18140: 18139:Saint Dominic 18137: 18136: 18135: 18132: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18109: 18108: 18105: 18104: 18102: 18100: 18094: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17988: 17985: 17983: 17980: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17958: 17955: 17953: 17952:Bethlehemites 17950: 17948: 17945: 17943: 17940: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17924: 17922: 17920: 17916: 17911: 17907: 17901: 17900: 17896: 17894: 17893: 17889: 17887: 17886: 17882: 17879: 17875: 17874:Vatican Radio 17872: 17870: 17867: 17865: 17862: 17861: 17860: 17859:Vatican Media 17857: 17855: 17852: 17851: 17849: 17847: 17843: 17837: 17834: 17832: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17792: 17789: 17788: 17787: 17784: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17770: 17767: 17766: 17765: 17762: 17761: 17759: 17757: 17753: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17720: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17700: 17699: 17696: 17690: 17687: 17686: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17656: 17655: 17652: 17651: 17649: 17647: 17643: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17516: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17506: 17504: 17502: 17498: 17494: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17476: 17473: 17472: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17459: 17456: 17455: 17454: 17451: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17438: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17429: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17406: 17403: 17402: 17401: 17398: 17395: 17392: 17391: 17389: 17387: 17383: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17311: 17310: 17307: 17303: 17300: 17298: 17295: 17294: 17293: 17290: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17280: 17276: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17231: 17229: 17227: 17223: 17217: 17214: 17212: 17209: 17205: 17202: 17201: 17200: 17197: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17184: 17183: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17163: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17156:List of popes 17152: 17148: 17145: 17142: 17138: 17134: 17130: 17126: 17119: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17057: 17056: 17053: 17052: 17050: 17048: 17044: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17027: 17026: 17023: 17019: 17016: 17015: 17014: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16977: 16975: 16973: 16969: 16959: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16940:Mother of God 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16912: 16910: 16908: 16904: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16886: 16883: 16882: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16861: 16858: 16857: 16855: 16853: 16849: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16837: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16825:People of God 16823: 16821: 16820: 16816: 16814: 16813:Infallibility 16811: 16807: 16804: 16802: 16799: 16798: 16797: 16794: 16792: 16789: 16787: 16784: 16782: 16781: 16777: 16776: 16774: 16772: 16768: 16762: 16759: 16755: 16754: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16739: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16689:Body and soul 16687: 16683: 16680: 16678: 16675: 16674: 16673: 16670: 16669: 16667: 16663: 16660: 16657: 16656: 16651: 16647: 16642: 16638: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16620: 16618: 16615: 16613: 16610: 16608: 16605: 16603: 16600: 16598: 16595: 16593: 16592:Enlightenment 16590: 16588: 16585: 16579: 16576: 16575: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16565: 16564: 16563:Protestantism 16561: 16560: 16558: 16556: 16552: 16546: 16543: 16541: 16540:Scholasticism 16538: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16525:Schism (1378) 16523: 16521: 16518: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16510:Schism (1054) 16508: 16506: 16503: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16492: 16490: 16488: 16484: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16452: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16437: 16435: 16433: 16429: 16421: 16418: 16417: 16416: 16413: 16409: 16406: 16405: 16404: 16401: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16388: 16387: 16384: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16361: 16360: 16357: 16356: 16354: 16352: 16348: 16345: 16342: 16338: 16334: 16329: 16325: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16300: 16297: 16293: 16286: 16281: 16279: 16274: 16272: 16267: 16266: 16263: 16251: 16246: 16241: 16239: 16229: 16228: 16225: 16217: 16214: 16213: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16175: 16172: 16171: 16170: 16167: 16163: 16160: 16159: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16140: 16136: 16135: 16134: 16131: 16130: 16128: 16124: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16095:Congregations 16093: 16091: 16088: 16084: 16081: 16080: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16071: 16070: 16069: 16066: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16053: 16052: 16049: 16048: 16046: 16042: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16004: 16001: 16000: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15976: 15974: 15972: 15968: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15942: 15936: 15933: 15929: 15926: 15925: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15912: 15909: 15908: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15853: 15851: 15849: 15845: 15839: 15836: 15832: 15829: 15828: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15800: 15797: 15796: 15795: 15792: 15788: 15787: 15783: 15780: 15776: 15775: 15774: 15771: 15767: 15764: 15763: 15762: 15759: 15758: 15756: 15752: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15724: 15721: 15720: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15708:Infallibility 15706: 15705: 15703: 15701:Proclamations 15699: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15683: 15680: 15678: 15675: 15673: 15670: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15662:Coats of arms 15660: 15659: 15657: 15655: 15651: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15586: 15582: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15557: 15555: 15553: 15549: 15542: 15538: 15535: 15532: 15529: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15516: 15515: 15512: 15509: 15506: 15505: 15503: 15499: 15485: 15482: 15478: 15473: 15470: 15469: 15468: 15464: 15460: 15457: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15447: 15442: 15438: 15428: 15425: 15424: 15423: 15420: 15419: 15418: 15414: 15410: 15409: 15406: 15402: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15391: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15378: 15374: 15370: 15366: 15361: 15357: 15350: 15345: 15343: 15338: 15336: 15331: 15330: 15327: 15315: 15314: 15309: 15305: 15303: 15302: 15293: 15292: 15289: 15276: 15273: 15270: 15267: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15258: 15255: 15252: 15249: 15246: 15243: 15240: 15237: 15234: 15231: 15228: 15225: 15224: 15222: 15216: 15209: 15206: 15203: 15200: 15195: 15192: 15189: 15186: 15183: 15180: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15171: 15168: 15165: 15164: 15162: 15158:High and Late 15156: 15149: 15146: 15143: 15142: 15138: 15135: 15132: 15129: 15126: 15123: 15120: 15115: 15112: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15105: 15103: 15101: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15086: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14974:Benedict XIII 14972: 14970: 14969:Innocent XIII 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14934:Alexander VII 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14906: 14904: 14900: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14806: 14804: 14803:Innocent VIII 14801: 14799: 14796: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14783:Callixtus III 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14703:Boniface VIII 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14620: 14618: 14614: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14602:Celestine III 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14577:Alexander III 14575: 14573: 14570: 14568: 14567:Anastasius IV 14565: 14563: 14560: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14467:Sylvester III 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14452:Benedict VIII 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14219: 14217: 14213: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13976:Anastasius II 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13923: 13921: 13917: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13717: 13715: 13711: 13705: 13702: 13698: 13695: 13694: 13693: 13692:Pope emeritus 13690: 13688: 13685: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13672: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13652: 13651: 13650:List of popes 13648: 13647: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13629: 13624: 13622: 13617: 13615: 13610: 13609: 13606: 13599: 13596: 13593: 13590: 13587: 13584: 13581: 13580:Pope Leo XIII 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13563: 13553: 13547: 13543: 13539: 13535: 13531: 13525: 13521: 13520: 13514: 13510: 13504: 13500: 13499: 13493: 13489: 13485: 13481: 13480:The Bad Popes 13476: 13472: 13468: 13463: 13462: 13455: 13454: 13435: 13431: 13427: 13423: 13422: 13417: 13413: 13409: 13405: 13401: 13400: 13396:(1891–1930). 13395: 13391: 13387: 13381: 13377: 13373: 13369: 13365: 13359: 13355: 13350: 13346: 13340: 13336: 13331: 13327: 13321: 13317: 13316: 13311: 13307: 13303: 13299: 13295: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13277: 13273: 13268: 13256: 13252: 13248: 13244: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13228: 13223: 13219: 13213: 13209: 13208: 13202: 13197: 13196: 13189: 13185: 13179: 13175: 13174: 13169: 13165: 13161: 13155: 13151: 13150: 13145: 13141: 13137: 13131: 13127: 13126: 13121: 13117: 13113: 13107: 13103: 13099: 13095: 13091: 13085: 13081: 13080: 13074: 13070: 13064: 13060: 13055: 13054: 13041: 13037: 13033: 13028: 13021: 13017: 13011: 12995: 12991: 12985: 12969: 12965: 12959: 12952: 12948: 12945: 12940: 12934: 12928: 12922: 12918: 12915: 12909: 12902: 12898: 12894: 12891: 12887: 12883: 12880: 12874: 12858: 12854: 12848: 12832: 12828: 12822: 12814: 12810: 12804: 12788: 12784: 12778: 12762: 12758: 12752: 12744: 12740: 12734: 12727: 12723: 12720: 12715: 12708: 12704: 12701: 12700: 12693: 12687:by Mark Jeske 12686: 12682: 12679: 12675: 12671: 12668: 12667: 12660: 12654: 12653: 12649: 12646: 12641: 12637: 12633: 12630: 12624: 12608: 12604: 12598: 12582: 12578: 12574: 12568: 12552: 12548: 12543: 12535: 12527: 12523: 12519: 12512: 12496: 12492: 12487: 12479: 12463: 12459: 12455: 12448: 12432: 12428: 12424: 12417: 12409: 12405: 12401: 12394: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12363: 12347: 12343: 12337: 12321: 12317: 12315:9780754624332 12311: 12307: 12306: 12298: 12282: 12278: 12271: 12255: 12251: 12247: 12240: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12212: 12208: 12201: 12185: 12181: 12177: 12173: 12169: 12162: 12154: 12148: 12144: 12137: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12106: 12090: 12086: 12082: 12075: 12069: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12052: 12046: 12042: 12039: 12033: 12027: 12021: 12015: 12009: 11993: 11989: 11983: 11967: 11963: 11961: 11960:Lumen gentium 11953: 11944: 11935: 11926: 11917: 11911: 11907: 11904: 11900: 11896: 11893: 11889: 11883: 11876: 11872: 11868: 11864: 11860: 11856: 11852: 11848: 11844: 11843:Pope Paul III 11840: 11836: 11832: 11826: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11796: 11780: 11776: 11772: 11765: 11749: 11745: 11739: 11723: 11719: 11713: 11697: 11693: 11689: 11683: 11667: 11663: 11659: 11653: 11637: 11633: 11629: 11623: 11607: 11603: 11601: 11593: 11586: 11582: 11579: 11575: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11562: 11555: 11539: 11535: 11533: 11525: 11509: 11503: 11487: 11483: 11477: 11469: 11468: 11462: 11454: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11436: 11431: 11429: 11421: 11417: 11414: 11409: 11393: 11389: 11388: 11383: 11377: 11369: 11363: 11359: 11354: 11353: 11347: 11340: 11333: 11329: 11323: 11307: 11303: 11299: 11293: 11277: 11273: 11267: 11259: 11258: 11252: 11244: 11238: 11234: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11166: 11162: 11158: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11142: 11138: 11134: 11130: 11126: 11122: 11118: 11112: 11106: 11102: 11099: 11095: 11092: 11088: 11080: 11079:Ancient Greek 11074: 11067: 11063: 11058: 11042: 11038: 11037: 11029: 11021: 11020: 11015: 11011: 11005: 11003: 10995: 10991: 10988: 10984: 10983:90-74461-49-2 10980: 10976: 10972: 10966: 10950: 10946: 10945: 10940: 10934: 10918: 10914: 10912: 10904: 10888: 10884: 10878: 10862: 10858: 10852: 10848: 10847: 10839: 10823: 10819: 10817: 10816:Lumen gentium 10809: 10793: 10789: 10783: 10779: 10778: 10770: 10763: 10762:85-15-01750-4 10759: 10755: 10749: 10743: 10737: 10721: 10717: 10713: 10707: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10677: 10661: 10657: 10651: 10647: 10646: 10638: 10636: 10629: 10625: 10621: 10617: 10612: 10605: 10604:0-06-065303-5 10601: 10597: 10593: 10587: 10585: 10576: 10575: 10569: 10561: 10559: 10557: 10550: 10549:John 21:16–17 10545: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10515: 10499: 10495: 10489: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10447: 10443: 10436: 10420: 10416: 10415: 10410: 10404: 10396: 10395: 10389: 10381: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10361: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10330: 10314: 10310: 10304: 10294: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10264: 10262: 10245: 10241: 10239: 10231: 10224: 10218: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10193:"Hammer Time" 10188: 10172: 10168: 10166: 10158: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10131:Fisher, Max. 10127: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10097: 10090: 10085: 10078: 10074: 10072: 10067: 10063: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10038: 10037: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10017: 10010: 10006: 10003: 9997: 9990: 9986: 9982: 9979: 9974: 9967: 9963: 9959: 9956: 9951: 9935: 9931: 9924: 9917: 9913: 9909: 9906: 9901: 9894: 9891: 9887: 9884: 9879: 9873: 9869: 9866: 9860: 9853: 9847: 9840: 9836: 9832: 9829: 9824: 9817: 9814: 9810: 9807: 9802: 9787:on 5 May 2013 9786: 9782: 9776: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9745: 9729: 9725: 9719: 9715: 9714: 9706: 9699: 9694: 9678: 9674: 9668: 9661: 9656: 9650: 9649:Matthew 16:18 9645: 9639: 9634: 9628: 9627:Matthew 16:19 9623: 9617: 9612: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9582: 9566: 9562: 9561: 9556: 9549: 9542: 9538: 9535: 9530: 9523: 9519: 9516: 9511: 9504: 9500: 9497: 9492: 9485: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9454: 9447: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9416: 9409: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9374: 9367: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9336: 9320: 9316: 9312: 9308: 9302: 9295: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9264: 9258: 9253: 9247: 9246:Luke 22:31–32 9242: 9236: 9231: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9201: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9171: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9141: 9125: 9121: 9120: 9112: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9082: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9052: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9020: 9004: 9000: 8999: 8991: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8961: 8947: 8943: 8939: 8935: 8929: 8913: 8909: 8903: 8899: 8898: 8890: 8882: 8876: 8860: 8856: 8850: 8846: 8845: 8837: 8821: 8817: 8811: 8807: 8806: 8798: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8768: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8738: 8731: 8725: 8709: 8705: 8704: 8696: 8688: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8673: 8665: 8649: 8645: 8639: 8635: 8634: 8626: 8610: 8606: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8587: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8557: 8550: 8544: 8537: 8532: 8525: 8520: 8518: 8510: 8505: 8498: 8494: 8490: 8484: 8477: 8476:0-8091-4234-1 8473: 8469: 8463: 8447: 8443: 8437: 8430: 8426: 8423: 8418: 8416: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8396: 8394: 8386: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8369: 8364: 8357: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8340: 8339:0-631-17566-0 8336: 8332: 8326: 8324: 8316: 8310: 8308: 8300: 8299:0-7922-7317-6 8296: 8290: 8283: 8279: 8276: 8271: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8250: 8248: 8239: 8238: 8232: 8224: 8217: 8213: 8210: 8204: 8197: 8196:1-85424-658-5 8193: 8189: 8183: 8168: 8164: 8158: 8151: 8145: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8115: 8108: 8103: 8096: 8091: 8084: 8079: 8070: 8061: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8043: 8037: 8030: 8025: 8017: 8011: 8007: 8003: 8002: 7994: 7986: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7971: 7963: 7961: 7953: 7949: 7944: 7936: 7930: 7923: 7907: 7903: 7902: 7897: 7890: 7874: 7870: 7864: 7855: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7825: 7817: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7802: 7794: 7786: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7763: 7761: 7744: 7740: 7738: 7737:Lumen gentium 7730: 7721: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7686: 7679: 7673: 7665: 7659: 7655: 7654:Papal Primacy 7648: 7640: 7634: 7630: 7623: 7615: 7609: 7605: 7598: 7590: 7584: 7580: 7573: 7565: 7559: 7555: 7548: 7541: 7535: 7528: 7522: 7518: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7459: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7429: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7369: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7332: 7324: 7323: 7317: 7309: 7302: 7301:85-15-01750-4 7298: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7280: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7247: 7243: 7235: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7195: 7191: 7185: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7155: 7139: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7123: 7121: 7112: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7089: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7062: 7049: 7045: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7017: 7008: 7001: 7000:Inter caetera 6997: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6976: 6970: 6963: 6962: 6955: 6954: 6947: 6938: 6934: 6923: 6922:Cadaver Synod 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6877:List of popes 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6852:Caesaropapism 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6809: 6803: 6801: 6800:list of popes 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6778: 6775: 6772: 6769: 6766: 6762: 6759: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6744: 6741: 6738: 6735: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6704: 6700: 6691: 6689: 6685: 6677: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6664:Alexander III 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6635: 6632: 6629: 6626: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6605: 6601: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6559: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6504: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6480: 6477: 6476:authorities. 6468: 6466: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6442: 6440: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6230: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6199: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6165: 6161: 6156: 6153: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6132:head of state 6127: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6089: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6073:Inter caetera 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6039: 6036:Papal bulls, 6034: 6032: 6028: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6004:Roman emperor 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5972: 5964: 5960: 5951: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5893: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5832: 5828: 5827:Apostolic See 5823: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5800:official seat 5788: 5784: 5783:Pope Pius VII 5780: 5769: 5764: 5762: 5757: 5755: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5729: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5670:Raphael Rooms 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5585:Casina Pio IV 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5241: 5236: 5235: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5109: 5104: 5103: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5055: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5004: 5003: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4984: 4981: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4882: 4881: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4857: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4834:Vical General 4832: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4821:(Chamberlain) 4819: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4786: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4716:Vatican Radio 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4617: 4616: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4586: 4585: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4533: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4493: 4492: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4366:Duchy of Rome 4364: 4363: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4319: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4288: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4266: 4265:Pope Pius XII 4262: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4191: 4188:February 2022 4182: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4153: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4077:) behind the 4076: 4072: 4068: 4060: 4055: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3961: 3954: 3944: 3937: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3801:Julius Caesar 3798: 3794: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3746:New Testament 3743: 3739: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3696: 3695:Ancient Greek 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3605:Ut unum sint, 3600: 3599:(1145–1153). 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3520: 3519:papa pontifex 3516: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3413:Your Holiness 3412: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3384: 3374: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3325:lies in state 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3295:. During the 3294: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3273: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3242:sedevacantism 3239: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3167: 3166:Habemus Papam 3161: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3133:Room of Tears 3129: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3099:fumata bianca 3095: 3094: 3089: 3086:visible from 3080: 3079:Habemus Papam 3075: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3032:Pope Martin V 3029: 3024: 3020: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2967: 2962: 2940: 2936: 2930:Isaiah, 22:23 2926: 2922: 2911: 2907: 2901:Isaiah, 22:22 2897: 2893: 2891: 2886: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2859:Old Testament 2856: 2846: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2772: 2755: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2727: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2696: 2691: 2689: 2677: 2676: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2626: 2625: 2608: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2544:; after him, 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2480: 2478: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2424: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2411:Pope Pius XII 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2390:In 1929, the 2388: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2374: 2373: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2343:Pope Paul III 2340: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2322: 2318: 2317:Pope Paul III 2313: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2210: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2178: 2169: 2167: 2166:First Crusade 2164:, called the 2163: 2159: 2155: 2154:Pope Urban II 2151: 2147: 2146:Mediterranean 2143: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2054:Pope Leo VIII 2051: 2047: 2043: 2042:Pope John XII 2039: 2036:era, and the 2035: 2030: 2029: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007:Constantine V 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1946: 1931: 1919: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1756: 30–130 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1727: 1722: 1712: 30–325 1704: 1700: 1697: 1696:Pope Victor I 1691: 1689: 1683: 1681: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1663:Church Father 1659: 1655: 1654: 1653:Lumen gentium 1647: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1621: 1617: 1616:Pope Vitalian 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1589: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1572: 1570: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1524: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 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City 19714: 19696:Legal status 19665:World War II 19653:Vatican City 19648:Savoyard era 19619:Papal States 19535:Vatican City 19514: 19406:Cricket team 19376:Coat of arms 19325: 19316: 19309: 19283:Vatican News 19209:Demographics 19187:Architecture 19175:AT telescope 18958: 18892:Vatican Hill 18830: 18739:Ethnographic 18629: 18553: 18474:Leonine City 18410: 18374:Vatican City 18302:Universities 18134:Third orders 18097:Associations 18087:Visitandines 18082:Trinitarians 18032:Mercedarians 18017:Hieronymites 17962:Camaldoleses 17947:Benedictines 17937:Augustinians 17897: 17890: 17883: 17864:Vatican News 17818:Distinctions 17624:Syro-Malabar 17509:Latin Church 17431:Grand master 17329:Metropolitan 17226:Vatican City 17164: 17121:Organisation 17000:Philosophers 16865:Confirmation 16842:In canon law 16836:Subsistit in 16834: 16830:Three states 16817: 16778: 16771:Ecclesiology 16753:Nova Vulgata 16751: 16709:Original sin 16704:Nicene Creed 16694:Divine grace 16653: 16535:Universities 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Retrieved 10167:, Chapter 1" 10164: 10157: 10145:. Retrieved 10136: 10126: 10114:. Retrieved 10105: 10096: 10084: 10069: 10035: 10025: 10016: 9996: 9988: 9973: 9965: 9950: 9938:. Retrieved 9923: 9915: 9900: 9892: 9878: 9859: 9851: 9846: 9838: 9823: 9816:voanews.com. 9815: 9801: 9789:. Retrieved 9785:the original 9775: 9763:. Retrieved 9754: 9744: 9732:. Retrieved 9712: 9705: 9693: 9681:. Retrieved 9667: 9655: 9644: 9638:Isaiah 22:23 9633: 9622: 9616:Isaiah 22:22 9611: 9599:. Retrieved 9590: 9581: 9569:. Retrieved 9558: 9548: 9529: 9510: 9505:. Bible Hub. 9491: 9482: 9475:. Retrieved 9466: 9453: 9444: 9437:. Retrieved 9428: 9415: 9406: 9399:. Retrieved 9386: 9379:Wesley, John 9373: 9364: 9357:. Retrieved 9348: 9335: 9323:. Retrieved 9314: 9301: 9292: 9285:. Retrieved 9276: 9263: 9252: 9241: 9230: 9218:. Retrieved 9209: 9200: 9188:. Retrieved 9179: 9170: 9158:. Retrieved 9149: 9140: 9128:. Retrieved 9118: 9111: 9099:. Retrieved 9090: 9081: 9069:. 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495:Metropolitan 440:Papal legate 390: 315:Spoken style 309:His Holiness 285: 215:Denomination 205:First holder 189:Headquarters 143:His Holiness 120: 100:Pope Francis 63: 53: 34:Papal States 29: 23119:Investiture 22788:Switzerland 22718:Netherlands 22458:Switzerland 22388:Netherlands 22049:(1555–1663) 21996:(since 919) 21966:Middle Ages 21933:(since 638) 21913:(since 301) 21830:(1518–1964) 21779:(since 638) 21771:(since 451) 21733:(1219–1964) 21676:(1099–1964) 21652:(since 685) 21644:(since 519) 21628:(since 518) 21585:(1204–1964) 21577:(since 330) 21457:light green 21306:Latin cross 21273:Missa sicca 21238:Durham Rite 21233:Celtic Rite 20788:(1555–1663) 20776:(1524–1963) 20774:West Indies 20770:(1204–1964) 20764:(1098–1964) 20758:(1276–1964) 20725:Rui Valério 20712:East Indies 20572:Swiss Guard 20319:Palazzo Pio 19823:Dicasteries 19801:Commissions 19791:Roman Curia 19670:Warsaw Pact 19180:observatory 19045:Swiss Guard 19020:Dicasteries 18998:Commissions 18988:Roman Curia 18719:Chiaramonti 18659:Scala Regia 18571:Papal tombs 18494:Borgo Nuovo 18467:Papal tombs 18292:Health care 18278:Pax Christi 18230:Schoenstatt 18195:Sant'Egidio 18027:Legionaries 18007:Franciscans 17982:Cistercians 17977:Carthusians 17932:Annonciades 17791:Altarpieces 17684:West Syriac 17679:East Syriac 17659:Alexandrian 17283:Holy orders 17264:Swiss Guard 17204:Dicasteries 17199:Roman Curia 17097:Evangelists 17055:Holy Family 16990:Personalism 16980:Natural law 16958:Josephology 16892:Holy orders 16530:Inquisition 16487:Middle Ages 16477:Monasticism 16445:Constantine 16369:Crucifixion 16181:Swiss Guard 16100:Dicasteries 16078:Commissions 16068:Roman Curia 15988:Swiss Guard 15761:Arbitration 15590:Papal names 15479:along with 15277:(1945–1991) 15271:(1939–1945) 15259:(1870–1929) 15253:(1775–1848) 15241:(1585–1689) 15235:(1534–1585) 15229:(1417–1534) 15210:(1378–1417) 15204:(1309–1378) 15196:, 1228–1304 15190:, 1262–1297 15184:, 1257–1281 15175:(1048–1257) 15160:Middle Ages 15100:Middle Ages 15064:John Paul I 15039:Benedict XV 15019:Gregory XVI 14994:Clement XIV 14979:Clement XII 14949:Innocent XI 14888:Innocent IX 14883:Gregory XIV 14833:Clement VII 14763:Gregory XII 14753:Boniface IX 14733:Innocent VI 14708:Benedict XI 14698:Celestine V 14693:Nicholas IV 14688:Honorius IV 14638:Innocent IV 14597:Clement III 14547:Innocent II 14542:Honorius II 14532:Gelasius II 14512:Gregory VII 14502:Nicholas II 14462:Benedict IX 14407:Benedict VI 14382:Agapetus II 14357:Stephen VII 14332:Sergius III 14322:Benedict IV 14312:Theodore II 14297:Boniface VI 14196:Stephen III 14176:Gregory III 14166:Constantine 14131:Benedict II 14066:Adeodatus I 14061:Boniface IV 14041:Pelagius II 14001:Boniface II 13941:Celestine I 13880:Sylvester I 13865:Marcellus I 13860:Marcellinus 13795:Callixtus I 13780:Eleutherius 13755:Telesphorus 13745:Alexander I 13667:Papal names 13498:Pope-pourri 13378:. Scepter. 12837:18 February 12767:24 February 12613:17 December 12326:14 November 11532:Lumen fidei 11445:), article 11047:18 February 10923:21 November 10893:21 November 10798:21 November 10666:18 February 10626:), article 10534:17 February 10504:21 November 10478:21 November 10452:18 February 10350:12 February 10000:Ap. Const. 9916:nytimes.com 9101:10 November 8714:18 February 8654:18 February 8536:Durant 1957 8524:Durant 1957 8452:18 February 8385:Durant 1950 8368:Durant 1950 8356:Durant 1950 8031:by Chadwick 8004:. pp. 7879:21 February 7858:Gröber, 510 7465:Geopolitics 7448:27 November 6813:consecratio 6737:Theodore II 6725:Boniface VI 6628:Bl. Pius IX 6615:Saint Peter 6576:Legio Maria 6491:due to the 6305:stood in a 6223:indulgences 6025:Popes like 5798:The pope's 5475:Scala Regia 5450:Papal tombs 5220:Papal tiara 5087:Visa policy 4927:Roman Curia 4844:President: 4805:Noble Guard 4380:(754–1870) 4298:magisterium 4281: 1955 4269:Papal tiara 4161:Development 4126:Pope Pius V 4103:archbishops 3849:papal bulls 3754:Koine Greek 3727:high priest 3585:Holy Spirit 3534:Marcellinus 3441:Regnal name 3421:Holy Father 3363:Gregory XII 3343:Resignation 3337:novendialis 3320:is sealed. 3310:John Paul I 3275:Funeral of 3238:interregnum 3126:regnal name 3093:fumata nera 3034:was elected 3017:acclamation 2986:Gregory XVI 2975:painted by 2863:royal court 2849:New Eliakim 2420:ex cathedra 2381:seized Rome 2372:ex cathedra 2262:Jean Gerson 2239:indulgences 2209:Middle Ages 2125:, in which 2084:investiture 2077:concubinage 2019:Charlemagne 1937: 1610 1913:Middle Ages 1644:Saint Peter 1640:shepherding 1545:health care 1523:ex cathedra 1486:Middle Ages 1399:Saint Peter 1179:Regionarius 1169:Protodeacon 1164:Protopriest 1104:Minor canon 605:Consecrator 369:Saint Peter 326:Holy Father 271:Holy Father 229:1st century 225:Established 209:Saint Peter 200:Information 23233:Categories 22998:and events 22753:San Marino 22713:Montenegro 22693:Luxembourg 22673:Kazakhstan 22573:Azerbaijan 22536:government 22423:San Marino 22383:Montenegro 22363:Luxembourg 22343:Kazakhstan 22243:Azerbaijan 21990:(725–1451) 21982:(568–1751) 21970:(476–1517) 21855:(280–1552) 21689:Alexandria 21446:light blue 21127:Roman Rite 21008:Tertullian 20907:Vatican II 20794:(560–1451) 20782:(560–1751) 20756:Alexandria 20555:Roman Rota 20453:Papal farm 20386:Palace of 20278:Hill area 20166:Properties 20052:Palestrina 19924:Concordats 19783:Government 19753:Governance 19049:See also: 18980:Government 18952:Governance 18699:Historical 18669:altarpiece 18654:Sala Regia 18404:Properties 18047:Oratorians 18002:Dominicans 17972:Carmelites 17967:Camillians 17915:institutes 17728:Tridentine 17664:Antiochian 17584:Macedonian 17529:Belarusian 17419:Provincial 17334:Archbishop 17254:Roman Rota 17216:Properties 17141:By country 17137:Precedence 17102:Confessors 17082:Archangels 17072:Patriarchs 16972:Philosophy 16950:Veneration 16915:Assumption 16885:Last rites 16852:Sacraments 16796:Four marks 16607:Vatican II 16555:Modern era 16391:Succession 16035:Theologian 15979:Camerlengo 15951:Popemobile 15811:Consistory 15806:Coronation 15779:Pontifical 15766:Deposition 15754:Activities 15730:Encyclical 15692:Umbraculum 15365:Episcopate 15220:Modern Era 15150:(974–1012) 15054:John XXIII 14964:Clement XI 14939:Clement IX 14929:Innocent X 14924:Urban VIII 14919:Gregory XV 14843:Julius III 14778:Nicholas V 14743:Gregory XI 14728:Clement VI 14663:Innocent V 14653:Clement IV 14628:Gregory IX 14582:Lucius III 14562:Eugene III 14527:Paschal II 14517:Victor III 14497:Stephen IX 14482:Damasus II 14477:Clement II 14472:Gregory VI 14447:Sergius IV 14442:John XVIII 14392:Benedict V 14377:Marinus II 14302:Stephen VI 14282:Adrian III 14262:Nicholas I 14247:Sergius II 14242:Gregory IV 14222:Stephen IV 14186:Stephen II 14171:Gregory II 14091:Theodore I 14076:Honorius I 14071:Boniface V 14036:Benedict I 14026:Pelagius I 14011:Agapetus I 13971:Gelasius I 13961:Simplicius 13946:Sixtus III 13936:Boniface I 13926:Innocent I 13790:Zephyrinus 13704:Pope-elect 13680:non-extant 13310:Küng, Hans 12863:1 December 12493:. London. 11998:5 November 11855:Pope Leo X 11702:2 December 11672:23 October 11642:23 October 11544:15 January 11282:7 November 11117:Mark 15:11 11014:"Pontifex" 10973:in series 10939:"Pontifex" 10828:27 January 10298:centuries. 10283:15 January 10207:2 November 10197:Snopes.com 9683:17 January 9341:Gill, John 9257:John 21:17 8995:Irenaeus. 8686:0203484312 8370:, chpt. 4. 8134:22 January 7804:. p. 7676:Eusebius, 7418:21 January 7388:6 November 7218:17 January 7072:New Advent 7040:References 7028:addressed 6907:Pope Night 6887:Papal name 6792:Stephen II 6771:Benedict V 6755:Damasus II 6719:coronation 6346:Man of Sin 6341:Protestant 6173:Cincinnati 5820:Alba Longa 5802:is in the 5530:Sala Regia 5020:Concordats 4898:Popemobile 4818:Camerlengo 4079:escutcheon 4005:ombrellino 4000:Umbraculum 3971:encyclical 3865:See also: 3772:ordination 3723:archiereus 3715:hierophant 3711:ἱεροφάντης 3669:The term " 3629:described 3597:Eugene III 3581:Tertullian 3573:Gelasius I 3493:of Italy, 3473:Bishop of 3447:papal name 3193:Papal Mass 3137:immantatio 3070:in 2007.) 3012:Clement IV 2793:Matthew 16 2769:See also: 2675:Tertullian 2648:Saint Paul 2538:Telephorus 2438:See also: 2404:city-state 2332:antichrist 2048:. Emperor 2034:Crescentii 1842:condemned 1824:See also: 1742:Alexandria 1604:Pope Leo I 1478:Saint Paul 1438:city-state 1401:, to whom 1382:, who was 1229:Inquisitor 1129:Prebendary 1124:Postulator 1074:Chorbishop 1059:Archdeacon 1054:Archpriest 879:Seminarian 783:Officialis 773:Missionary 690:Archdeacon 643:Chancellor 517:Archbishop 505:Catholicos 255:Governance 121:Incumbent: 23269:Pentarchy 23082:Canon law 22996:Documents 22942:Erlembald 22688:Lithuania 22358:Lithuania 21892:Patriarch 21847:Patriarch 21816:2nd cent. 21807:Patriarch 21754:Jerusalem 21750:Patriarch 21695:1st cent. 21685:Patriarch 21612:1st cent. 21602:Patriarch 21555:Patriarch 21544:1st cent. 21528:1st cent. 21519:Patriarch 21506:apostolic 21499:Pentarchy 21485:Antiquity 21436:bold blue 21431:apostolic 21248:Sarum Use 21155:Zaire Use 20902:Vatican I 20703:Jerusalem 20461:Barberini 20276:Gianicolo 20170:including 20004:Vicariate 19948:universal 19886:in Geneva 19731:Cardinals 19707:Officials 19680:Sovereign 19508:Apostolic 19214:Languages 19132:Transport 18917:Elections 18860:Fountains 18704:Paintings 18514:Geography 18288:See also: 18240:Charities 18149:Discalced 18077:Trappists 18072:Theatines 18042:Olivetans 17987:Clarisses 17957:Blue nuns 17942:Basilians 17919:societies 17827:See also: 17713:Mozarabic 17703:Ambrosian 17689:Malankara 17674:Byzantine 17634:Ukrainian 17609:Ruthenian 17574:Hungarian 17559:Ethiopian 17534:Bulgarian 17501:sui iuris 17485:Postulant 17394:Religious 17349:Auxiliary 17344:Coadjutor 17314:Patriarch 17182:Cardinals 17129:Canon law 17125:Hierarchy 17107:Disciples 17030:Relations 17018:Evolution 17009:See also: 16954:See also: 16907:Mariology 16897:Matrimony 16870:Eucharist 16791:Ecumenism 16719:Salvation 16655:Catechism 16650:Tradition 16612:Communism 16460:Chalcedon 16056:cardinals 16010:Gentlemen 15998:Palatinus 15984:Commander 15971:Household 15935:Zucchetto 15876:Flabellum 15848:Vestments 15831:High Mass 15816:Diplomacy 15745:Interdict 15144:(904–964) 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of 22489:Abkhazia 22438:Slovenia 22433:Slovakia 22408:Portugal 22263:Bulgaria 22206:of state 21811:Carthage 21539:Holy See 21423:primates 21367:Category 21299:See also 21253:York Use 21229:British 21068:Language 20976:Barnabas 20947:Syracuse 20882:Humanism 20867:Crusades 20786:Ethiopia 20780:Aquileia 20752:(?−1964) 20750:Carthage 20691:cathedra 20526:See also 20047:Frascati 19919:Treaties 19813:Councils 19741:Advisers 19497:Holy See 19347:Religion 19333:Pope2you 19192:Archives 19137:Heliport 19032:Military 19010:Councils 18906:Politics 18399:Holy See 18378:articles 18332:Category 18225:Opus Dei 18210:Scouting 18200:Focolare 18067:Servites 18052:Piarists 17997:Crosiers 17733:Anglican 17669:Armenian 17599:Romanian 17589:Maronite 17564:Georgian 17554:Eritrean 17539:Chaldean 17524:Armenian 17519:Albanian 17400:Superior 17359:Emeritus 17339:Diocesan 17192:Advisers 17151:Holy See 17077:Prophets 17035:Politics 16806:Catholic 16786:Councils 16641:Theology 16520:Crusades 16455:Nicaea I 16386:Apostles 16364:Ministry 16333:Timeline 16313:Glossary 16211:Antipope 16186:Papabile 16090:Councils 16015:Preacher 15993:Chaplain 15911:Slippers 15891:Mozzetta 15794:Conclave 15773:Blessing 15541:cathedra 15459:Enclaved 15390:Holy See 15301:Category 15275:Cold War 15049:Pius XII 15029:Leo XIII 15004:Pius VII 14873:Sixtus V 14838:Paul III 14813:Pius III 14768:Martin V 14748:Urban VI 14673:John XXI 14668:Adrian V 14648:Urban IV 14522:Urban II 14457:John XIX 14417:John XIV 14397:Leo VIII 14387:John XII 14292:Formosus 14201:Adrian I 14156:John VII 14106:Vitalian 14101:Eugene I 14096:Martin I 14051:Sabinian 14031:John III 14021:Vigilius 13996:Felix IV 13956:Hilarius 13905:Siricius 13895:Liberius 13890:Julius I 13870:Eusebius 13825:Lucius I 13785:Victor I 13770:Anicetus 13750:Sixtus I 13687:Antipope 13540:(2011). 13434:Archived 13430:08015255 13418:(1908). 13374:(1993). 13312:(2003). 13302:51018118 13292:(1950). 13261:15 March 13255:Archived 13235:11025456 13170:(1957). 13146:(1950). 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