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by inexperienced individuals, or only ridden by beginners, can turn out to be spoiled because their riders typically lack the experience base to correct bad habits. Properly trained ponies are appropriate mounts for children who are learning to ride. Larger ponies can be ridden by adults, as ponies
376:
are recognized for their ability to carry a full-sized adult rider. Pound for pound ponies can pull and carry more weight than a horse. Draft-type ponies are able to pull loads significantly greater than their own weight, with larger ponies capable of pulling loads comparable to those pulled by
494:
Many horse breeds have some pony characteristics, such as small size, a heavy coat, a thick mane or heavy bone, but are considered to be horses. In cases such as these, there can be considerable debate over whether to call certain breeds "horses" or "ponies." However, individual
236:(which is passed on though the female line) indicate that a large number of wild mares have contributed to modern domestic breeds; in contrast, studies of y-DNA (passed down the male line) suggest that there was possibly just one single male ancestor of all domesticated breeds.
436:(50 inches, 127 cm) and under, medium ponies are over 12.2 but no taller than 13.2 hands (54 inches, 137 cm), and large ponies are over 13.2 hands (54 inches, 137 cm) but no taller than 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm).
573:
they used in the 19th century were close to or over 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm), and most horses owned and bred by Native peoples today are of full horse height. Non-racing horses at racetracks that are used to lead the racehorses,
255:
that could fulfill specific local draft and transportation needs while surviving in harsh environments. The usefulness of the pony was noted by farmers who observed that a pony could outperform a draft horse on small farms.
407:
Ponies are generally considered intelligent and friendly, though sometimes they also are described as stubborn or cunning. The differences of opinion often result from an individual pony's degree of proper training. Ponies
353:, a stocky body, dense bone, round shape and well-sprung ribs. They have a short head, large eyes and small ears. In addition to being smaller than a horse, their legs are proportionately shorter. They have strong
588:
defines "pony" to be any mount that is ridden by a member regardless of its breed or size. Persons up to 25 years old are eligible for membership, and some of the members' "ponies" actually are full-size horses.
227:
adapted to a harsh natural environment, and were considered part of the "draft" subtype typical of
Northern Europe. At one time, it was hypothesized that they may have descended from a wild "draft" subspecies of
198:
can be used in general (or affectionately) for any small horse, regardless of its actual size or breed. Furthermore, some horse breeds may have individuals who mature under that height but are still called
1057:
119:) to nearly 150 cm (14.3 h). (Note: 14.3 hands means 14 hands and 3 inches, i.e. decimally 14.75 hands.) Some people classify an animal as either horse or pony from its
180:
hands) with shoes, though allows a margin for competition measurement of up to 150 centimetres (59.1 in; 14.3 hands) without shoes, or 151 centimetres (59.45 in; 14.
479:(58 inches, 147 cm). This is usually due to body build, traditional uses and overall physiology. Breeds that are considered horses regardless of height include the
443:
by many of their breeders and breed organizations, rather than ponies, even though they stand smaller than small ponies, usually no taller than 38 inches (97 cm; 9.2
1061:
851:
115:
In modern use, some organizations may define a pony as a mature horse below a certain height at the withers; this may vary from about 142 cm (14.0
683:
244:(52 inches, 132 cm) to over 14 hands (56 inches, 142 cm), and as horse domestication spread, the male descendants of the original
1041:
203:
and are allowed to compete as horses. In
Australia, horses that measure from 14 to 15 hands (142 to 152 cm; 56 to 60 inches) are known as a "
163:
745:
Jansen, Thomas; Forster, Peter; Levine, Marsha A.; Oelke, Hardy; Hurles, Matthew; Renfrew, Colin; Weber, Jürgen; Olek, Klaus (6 August 2002).
499:
usually are the arbiters of such debates, weighing the relative horse and pony characteristics of a breed. In some breeds, such as the
166:
defines the official cutoff point at 148 centimetres (58.3 in; 14.2 hands) without shoes and 149 centimetres (58.66 in; 14.
503:, the horse-versus-pony controversy is resolved by creating separate divisions for consistently horse-sized animals, such as the
323:, are used for both riding and driving. There is no direct correlation between a horse's size and its inherent athletic ability.
392:
for their weight as a horse, and often not needing grain at all. However, for the same reason, they are also more vulnerable to
100:
and tail, with proportionally shorter legs, a wider barrel, heavier bone, a thicker neck and a shorter, broader head. The word
913:
397:
1126:(by members of the faculty and staff, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine). HarperCollins. 1996.
569:
tribes also have the tradition of referring to their horses as "ponies", when speaking in
English, even though many of the
566:
1115:
975:
721:
1122:
1038:
930:
54:, demonstrating the pony characteristics of sturdy bone, a thick mane and tail, a small head, and small overall size
884:
676:
664:
432:
For showing purposes, ponies are often grouped into small, medium, and large sizes. Small ponies are 12.2
388:
that share the ability to thrive on a more limited diet than that of a regular-sized horse, requiring half the
906:
The Horse, the Wheel, and
Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World
581:
The term "pony" is also sometimes used to describe a full-sized horse in a humorous or affectionate sense.
491:, all of which have individual members both over and under 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm).
271:
1084:
539:
237:
1039:
McNeill, Erin. "Ponies at Boone County Fair pull their weight and then some" Missourian, July 27, 2010
553:
Conversely, the term "pony" is occasionally used to describe horses of normal height. Horses used for
549:
There is debate over whether the feral
Chincoteague ponies of Assateague Island are horses or ponies
1140:
939:
585:
484:
368:
have developed all over the world, particularly in cold and harsh climates where hardy, sturdy
17:
967:
959:
804:
Widespread; Horse
Lineages, Domestic (2001). "Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages".
31:
813:
758:
604:
472:
365:
332:
381:, and even very small ponies are able to pull as much as 450 percent of their own weight.
8:
934:
475:
are not defined as ponies, even when they have some animals that measure under 14.2
292:
127:, no matter what its height. A full-sized horse may sometimes even be called a pony as a
93:
817:
762:
630:
128:
88:). Depending on the context, a pony may be a horse that is under a given height at the
781:
746:
207:", and ponies in Australia measure under 14 hands (56 inches, 142 cm).
1111:
981:
971:
909:
876:
829:
786:
727:
717:
660:
523:
515:
233:
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58:
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766:
615:
251:
Domesticated ponies of all breeds originally developed mainly from the need for a
1145:
825:
687:
635:
570:
440:
312:
304:
276:
67:
496:
448:
421:
409:
373:
369:
361:, seen in a thicker mane and tail as well as a particularly heavy winter coat.
308:
284:
252:
240:
probably first occurred in the
Eurasian steppes with horses of between 13
1134:
1045:
480:
358:
342:
316:
296:
260:
204:
96:
and temperament. Compared to a larger horse, a pony may have a thicker coat,
83:
63:
51:
985:
731:
565:
breeding and often well over 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm).
880:
833:
790:
771:
638:, the late British artist known for his cartoons of ponies and their riders
598:
562:
534:, often matures to the height of an average small horse when raised from a
488:
401:
372:
were needed. They are remarkably strong for their size. Breeds such as the
300:
97:
943:. Vol. 29. Doubleday, Page & Company. pp. 46–47 – via
620:
519:
476:
444:
433:
425:
385:
378:
241:
155:
116:
677:"PONY MEASUREMENT 2007 30 January 2007 " Explanation of Article 3103.1,
1123:
Book of Horses: A Complete
Medical Reference Guide for Horses and Foals
944:
625:
504:
500:
354:
337:
320:
263:
and other blood added to make a more refined pony suitable for riding.
150:
For many forms of competition, the official definition of a pony is a
966:(First ed.). Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart Publishers. pp.
610:
558:
393:
350:
288:
124:
908:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 196–197, 202.
871:
716:(First ed.). Solvang, CA: Amigo Publications, Inc. p. 7.
531:
527:
511:
245:
224:
120:
139:
575:
416:
159:
89:
46:
215:
151:
78:
545:
510:
Some horses may be pony height due to environment more than
554:
535:
464:
424:
is a larger pony which occasionally matures over 14.2
144:
109:
38:
747:"Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse"
389:
803:
744:
459:
345:
is one of the smallest pony breeds, but is very strong.
957:
561:" regardless of height, even though they are often of
852:"Limited number of patrilines in horse domestication"
454:
903:
1132:
714:Conquerors: The Roots of New World Horsemanship
283:In many parts of the world, ponies are used as
679:FInternational Federation for Equestrian Sport
164:International Federation for Equestrian Sports
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1058:"Assateague National Seashore - Wild Horses"
711:
1085:"The Track Pony: A Racehorse's Best Friend"
447:) at the withers. However, there are also
1005:
845:
843:
259:By the 20th century, many pony breeds had
248:went on to be bred with local wild mares.
162:. Standard horses are 14.2 or taller. The
998:Barakat, Christine. "Why Size Matters."
899:
897:
870:
780:
770:
601:, mail delivery by horse-mounted couriers
1076:
849:
544:
458:
415:
349:Ponies are often distinguished by their
336:
270:
214:
138:
57:
45:
840:
649:
384:Nearly all pony breeds are very hardy,
14:
1133:
894:
1082:
928:
738:
657:Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary
194:hands) with shoes. However, the term
158:(58 inches, 147 cm) at the
400:. They may also have problems with
960:"The Proliferation of Horse Breeds"
797:
413:are usually strong for their size.
299:pursuits. Some breeds, such as the
92:, or a small horse with a specific
24:
1099:
1002:October 2007, Issue 361, pp. 36-42
681:Web site, Accessed October 7, 2009
326:
307:, while other breeds, such as the
295:. They are seen in many different
154:that measures less than 14.2
25:
1157:
929:Smith, E. C. A. (November 1915).
455:Similar or similarly named horses
223:Ponies originally developed as a
937:; Saylor, Henry Hodgman (eds.).
698:Owlet, Lorna and Phlip Mathews,
655:A.M. Macdonald (editor) (1972).
578:them, are called "pony horses".
439:The smallest equines are called
1050:
1032:
992:
958:Sponenberg, D. Phillip (1996).
951:
463:The full-sized horses used for
922:
850:Lindgren; et al. (2004).
705:
692:
670:
13:
1:
642:
428:(58 inches, 147 cm)
134:
826:10.1126/science.291.5503.474
104:derives from the old French
7:
1083:Gantz, Tracy (2 May 2019).
592:
112:, a young, immature horse.
10:
1162:
904:Anthony, David W. (2007).
330:
238:Domestication of the horse
210:
36:
29:
315:, are used primarily for
303:, are primarily used for
1120:Siegal, Mordecai (ed.).
467:are called "polo ponies"
291:and for pulling various
37:Not to be confused with
940:Country Life in America
586:United States Pony Club
266:
772:10.1073/pnas.152330099
607:, includes pony breeds
550:
485:American Quarter Horse
468:
429:
346:
319:. Others, such as the
280:
220:
219:A pony near a mountain
147:
70:
55:
1044:January 19, 2013, at
712:Bennett, Deb (1998).
702:, Milsons Point: 1979
548:
505:"Section D" Welsh Cob
462:
419:
340:
274:
218:
142:
61:
49:
32:Pony (disambiguation)
1110:. Free Press, 1997.
1108:The Nature of Horses
1106:Budiansky, Stephen.
935:Bailey, Liberty Hyde
890:on 17 November 2010.
686:26 July 2011 at the
659:. London: Chambers.
605:List of horse breeds
333:List of horse breeds
293:horse-drawn vehicles
30:For other uses, see
964:Horses Through Time
818:2001Sci...291..474V
763:2002PNAS...9910905J
757:(16): 10905–10910.
700:Ponies in Australia
567:American Indigenous
514:. For example, the
357:and grow a heavier
77:is a type of small
27:Type of small horse
631:Polish sport horse
557:are often called "
551:
526:off the coasts of
469:
430:
398:Cushing's syndrome
347:
281:
279:shown under saddle
221:
148:
129:term of endearment
71:
56:
931:"The Pony Useful"
915:978-0-691-05887-0
524:Assateague Island
516:Chincoteague pony
234:mitochondrial DNA
16:(Redirected from
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1093:
1092:
1080:
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1073:
1071:
1069:
1060:. Archived from
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996:
990:
989:
955:
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948:
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883:. Archived from
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441:miniature horses
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1100:Further reading
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859:Nature Genetics
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688:Wayback Machine
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636:Norman Thelwell
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370:working animals
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327:Characteristics
313:Australian Pony
285:working animals
277:Australian Pony
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1064:on 13 May 2010
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522:that lives on
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449:miniature pony
422:Connemara pony
374:Connemara pony
331:Main article:
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309:Connemara pony
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253:working animal
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1066:. Retrieved
1062:the original
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968:155, 170–173
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885:the original
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599:Pony Express
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563:Thoroughbred
552:
542:conditions.
540:domesticated
509:
493:
489:Morgan horse
473:horse breeds
470:
438:
431:
406:
402:hyperlipemia
386:easy keepers
383:
379:draft horses
363:
348:
301:Hackney pony
289:pack animals
282:
258:
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230:Equus ferus.
229:
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149:
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94:conformation
82:
74:
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43:
621:Easy keeper
559:polo ponies
520:feral horse
377:full-sized
232:Studies of
1135:Categories
945:HathiTrust
665:055010206X
643:References
626:Horse care
501:Welsh pony
321:Welsh pony
297:equestrian
135:Definition
108:, meaning
1089:The Horse
611:Pony Club
394:laminitis
359:hair coat
351:phenotype
125:phenotype
66:shown in
1042:Archived
986:36179575
881:15034578
834:11161199
791:12130666
732:39709067
684:Archived
593:See also
532:Virginia
528:Maryland
512:genetics
487:and the
451:breeds.
246:stallion
225:landrace
205:galloway
121:pedigree
106:poulenet
814:Bibcode
806:Science
759:Bibcode
576:ponying
410:trained
305:driving
261:Arabian
211:History
189:⁄
175:⁄
160:withers
143:A pony
90:withers
68:harness
1146:Ponies
1114:
1068:10 May
1000:Equus,
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782:125071
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538:under
366:breeds
355:hooves
317:riding
201:horses
18:Ponies
933:. In
888:(PDF)
855:(PDF)
477:hands
471:Some
445:hands
434:hands
426:hands
364:Pony
287:, as
242:hands
156:hands
152:horse
84:Equus
79:horse
1112:ISBN
1070:2010
982:OCLC
972:ISBN
910:ISBN
877:PMID
830:PMID
787:PMID
751:PNAS
728:OCLC
718:ISBN
661:ISBN
584:The
555:polo
536:foal
530:and
518:, a
465:polo
420:The
396:and
341:The
311:and
267:Uses
196:pony
145:foal
123:and
110:foal
102:pony
98:mane
75:pony
39:Foal
867:doi
822:doi
810:291
777:PMC
767:doi
390:hay
275:An
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