106:
98:
17:
207:
PPAs, as any thermoplastic, are theoretically fully recyclable by remelting, and as a condensation polymer by depolymerization. Commercial recycling requires the cost of logistics and cleaning and processing to be lower than the cost of virgin polymer, which is not always the case. The PPA waste
177:
Polyphthalamide based resins are injection molded into parts that are used in a wide variety of applications. Automotive uses include fuel and coolant lines, pump wear rings, motor bobbin parts, fuel line connectors, water heater manifolds fuel modules, fuel cut-off valves, thermostat housing, air
66:
168:
While there have been large investigations into PA/polyolefin blends, little has been published about the properties of PPA/ polyolefin blends. This may be due to the relatively high processing temperatures needed for PPA based resins compared to the temperature stability of polyolefins.
148:
v amorphous polymers are described elsewhere in detail. Briefly, crystallinity helps with chemical resistance and mechanical properties above the glass transition temperature (but below the melting point). Amorphous polymers are good in warpage and transparency.
241:
Solvay under the brand Amodel. Initially commercialized by Amoco, today this brand is owned by Solvay. According to
Nevicolor, all current Amodel grades are based on a single polymer, A1000 but there are grades based on 66/6T copolymer and others on 66/6T/6I
86:. PA6T homopolymer melts at 371 °C, which renders it intractable. To make usable polymers, it is necessary to lower the melting point, which can be achieved practically using either a longer diamine (with 9-12 carbon atoms) or by copolymerizing 6I.
194:
connectors, LED mounts and cable/wire protection. Other applications for PPA based resins include gas pipes and supply lines for the oil industry (due to their ability to withstand high pressures), Medical applications such as tubing for
164:
The addition of aliphatic polyamides to PPAs (PPA/PA blend) lowers the melting point and glass transition temperature, which potentially makes these polyphthalamide blends easier to process when compared to higher melting/softening PPAs.
61:
PPA based resins are molded into parts to replace metals in applications requiring high temperature resistance such as automotive powertrain components, the housing for high temperature electrical connectors and many other uses.
155:
Formulations with specific properties have been developed. For example, resins with ability to bond directly to elastomers to give plastic-rubber composites, and with approval for direct contact with drinking water and food.
208:
that produces energy can be recovered at incineration plants. The best recovery options depend on many conditions such as local legislation, plastic part design, access to sorting facilities, and recycling costs.
112:
If more than 55% of the acid part of a PPA is made out of IPA, then the copolymer is amorphous. Molar masses for PPAs made with direct polycondensation techniques range between 12,000 and 16,000 g/mol.
58:(IPA) acids. The substitution of aliphatic diacids by aromatic diacids in the polymer backbone increases the melting point, glass transition temperature, chemical resistance and stiffness.
169:
PPA/PA/polyolefin blends exhibit a good balance of ductility, strength, stiffness, impact, and thermal performance, indicating that these types of materials should have commercial utility.
144:
The glass transition temperature of PPA increases as the amount of TPA increases. If more than 55% of the acid part of a PPA is made out of IPA, then the copolymer is amorphous. The
199:, in personal care, for toothbrush bristles as well as hairbrushes. PPAs are also used in sports equipment, valve bodies for showers, bushings and bearing pads in aircraft engines
304:
Cousin, Thibault; Galy, Jocelyne; Dupuy, Jérôme (2012). "Molecular modelling of polyphthalamides thermal properties: Comparison between modelling and experimental results".
777:
519:
152:
Like aliphatic nylons, PPAs can be (in fact are almost invariably) modified with reinforcing agents such as glass fibers, tougheners and/or stabilizers.
50:) family defined as when 55% or more moles of the carboxylic acid portion of the repeating unit in the polymer chain is composed of a combination of
145:
620:
229:
EMS under the brand
Grivory. GV grades are based on PA66/6I/6T. HT1 grades on 6T/6I, HT2 grades on 6T/66 and HT3/HT3-CO on copolymers of 10T
494:
220:
BASF under the brand
Ultramid Advanced N (PA9T), Ultramid Advanced T1000 (PA6T/6I), Ultramid Advanced T2000 (PA6T/66), Ultramid T KR (PA6T/6).
664:
382:
594:
648:
365:
340:
717:
784:
761:
564:"Characterization and properties of polyphthalamide/polyamide blends and polyphthalamide/polyamide/polyolefin blends"
550:
439:
464:
413:
105:
97:
809:
383:"High Performance Polyamides Fulfill Demanding Requirements for Automotive Thermal Management Components"
831:
863:
753:
183:
745:
692:
563:
649:"PPAssion for perfection The Ultramid® Advanced portfolio: We provide the PPA you need..."
8:
858:
89:
Three copolymers have found commercial success: PA 6T/66, PA 6T/"DT" and PA6T/6I (with
83:
757:
746:
361:
336:
51:
235:
Kuraray under the brand
Genestar with 9T copolymer (used two isomers of C9 diamine).
575:
313:
271:
267:
217:
Arkema under the brand Rilsan HT polymers based on decanediamine, presumably 10T/X.
90:
55:
317:
275:
39:
551:
http://www.vestamid.com/product/vestamid/en/products-services/pages/default.aspx
852:
36:
258:
Care should be taken not to confuse this with 'PP&A', which stands for
232:
Evonik under the brand
Vestamid HT 'plus' with 6T/X and 10T/X polymers.
579:
65:
263:
259:
196:
187:
43:
595:"DuPont's Zytel HTN selected for use in USB Type-C 3.1 connectors"
182:
headlights. In electronics, the high melting point of PPA allows
79:
16:
191:
47:
520:"Practical Guide to High Performance Engineering Plastics"
109:
Polyphthalamide TPA/methylpentanediamine (DT) repeat unit
101:
Polyphthalamide TPA/hexamethylenediamine (6T) repeat unit
223:
DuPont under the brand Zytel HTN with 6T/66 and 6T/MPDMT.
179:
748:
Practical Guide to High
Performance Engineering Plastics
186:
parts molded from PPA to be assembled using a lead-free
380:
128:
higher strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures
121:
Compared to aliphatic polyamides, PPAs offer improved
226:
DSM under the brand ForTii with copolymers of PA 4T.
850:
333:Handbook of plastics, elastomers, and composites
545:
543:
381:Glass; Walter; Kozielski, Gary; Martens, Marv.
303:
540:
270:- all of which are used to make fibres. See
659:
657:
299:
297:
295:
293:
489:
487:
485:
408:
406:
159:
69:Formulated PPA granules ready for molding
665:"HPPA Genestar PA9T - Auto applications"
238:Mitsui under the brand Arlen with 6T/66
64:
15:
783:. Nevicolor. p. 13. Archived from
654:
592:
290:
211:
851:
482:
403:
330:
146:properties of semicrystalline polymers
593:Zistler, Andrew (December 11, 2015).
561:
355:
202:
13:
140:sensitivity to moisture absorption
14:
875:
190:process. PPAs are also used for
20:Repeating unit of polyphthalamide
104:
96:
824:
802:
770:
752:. SmithersRapra. 2011. p.
738:
710:
685:
641:
613:
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555:
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335:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 51–52.
172:
457:
432:
374:
360:. Munich: Hanser. p. 71.
349:
324:
281:
252:
1:
356:Kohan, Melvin I, ed. (1995).
318:10.1016/j.polymer.2012.05.051
276:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067
246:
116:
178:coolers, coolant pumps, and
131:creep and fatigue resistance
73:
7:
621:"Introduction to Rilsan HT"
331:Harper, Charles A. (2002).
10:
880:
33:High Performance Polyamide
287:ASTM standard D 5336 -15a
832:"Amodel A1133 datasheet"
358:Nylon Plastics Handbook
810:"Technical data sheet"
160:Polyphthalamide blends
70:
21:
778:"Amodel design guide"
568:J Vinyl Addit Technol
184:surface mount devices
137:dimensional stability
68:
19:
562:Desio, G.P. (1996).
212:Commercial suppliers
549:Evonik Industries,
125:chemical resistance
718:"Vestamid HT Plus"
418:www.emsgrivory.com
71:
22:
599:connectortips.com
580:10.1002/vnl.10131
367:978-1-56990-189-2
342:978-0-07-138476-6
268:acrylate polymers
35:) is a subset of
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203:Lifecycle impact
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91:Isophthalic acid
40:synthetic resins
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312:(15): 3203–10.
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25:Polyphthalamide
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790:on 25 May 2015
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37:thermoplastic
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836:. Retrieved
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814:. Retrieved
804:
792:. Retrieved
785:the original
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728:. Retrieved
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700:. Retrieved
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603:. Retrieved
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530:. Retrieved
526:
514:
502:. Retrieved
498:
472:. Retrieved
468:
465:"Grivory HT"
459:
447:. Retrieved
443:
440:"Amodel PPA"
434:
422:. Retrieved
420:. EMS Chimie
417:
414:"Grivory HT"
393:. Retrieved
389:
376:
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173:Applications
167:
163:
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120:
111:
103:
95:
88:
82:in PPAs are
77:
60:
52:terephthalic
32:
28:
24:
23:
495:"Zytel HTN"
469:EMS Grivory
56:isophthalic
859:Polyamides
853:Categories
601:. EE World
247:References
242:copolymer.
117:Properties
54:(TPA) and
264:polyamide
260:polyester
197:catheters
188:soldering
84:aliphatic
74:Structure
44:polyamide
730:26 March
702:26 March
677:26 March
633:26 March
605:26 March
532:26 March
504:26 March
474:26 March
449:26 March
395:26 March
80:diamines
672:Kuraray
306:Polymer
134:warpage
42:in the
838:25 May
834:. IDES
816:25 May
812:. IDES
794:24 Jan
760:
725:Evonik
628:Arkema
499:DuPont
444:Solvay
424:25 May
390:DuPont
364:
339:
27:(aka.
788:(PDF)
781:(PDF)
721:(PDF)
668:(PDF)
624:(PDF)
523:(PDF)
386:(PDF)
192:USB-C
48:nylon
840:2015
818:2015
796:2022
758:ISBN
732:2016
704:2016
679:2016
635:2016
607:2016
534:2016
506:2016
476:2016
451:2016
426:2015
397:2016
362:ISBN
337:ISBN
266:and
78:The
697:DSM
576:doi
314:doi
272:doi
180:LED
93:).
29:PPA
855::
756:.
754:50
723:.
695:.
670:.
656:^
626:.
597:.
570:.
566:.
542:^
525:.
497:.
484:^
467:.
442:.
416:.
405:^
388:.
310:53
308:.
292:^
262:,
31:,
842:.
820:.
798:.
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681:.
637:.
609:.
582:.
578::
572:2
536:.
508:.
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453:.
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399:.
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278:.
274::
46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
