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797:), founded in 2001 so as to satisfy a European Court ruling on the required restructuring of the Polish State Railways prior to joining the EU, is the PKP group company responsible for freight transport operations. It is currently the largest railway cargo carrier in Poland, and second-largest in the European Union. The company was founded after dividing Polskie Koleje Państwowe (all-national rail operator) into several dozens of companies to meet European Union Standards.
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and passenger comfort. In addition to this, the poor state of many rail lines throughout the country led to ever-increasing journey times for passengers, and as a result left the railways far less able to compete with intercity bus and air services. During the entire communist period, only one major infrastructural project relating to the railways was completed. This, the
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cars at a frequency of 6 minutes to half an hour between trains (depending on the time of day). It is comparable to subway service or light rail in other
European cities. The Tricity area is uniquely suited for this mode of transport, as it's shaped in a relatively narrow north–south corridor between
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from the Soviet Union. Due to the Red Army's rapid advance into
Germany proper, the railway lines of Silesia, Farther Pomerania, and East Prussia largely remained intact, so that operations could be resumed. However, in many lines, the second track was removed and transported into the Soviet Union as
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During the mid-to-late communist era, the state of the Polish railways deteriorated to a large extent. Once a large and profitable network, the systemic lack of funding and failure to acquire new rolling stock left PKP far behind the railway operators of
Western Europe in terms of technical advances
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only in 1946. Renaming the station names took quite some time, often causing confusion because the decreed Polish names were once again changed. Maps of the Polish railroad network still reflect in the borders drawn in 1945, because in the lands annexed in 1945, railroad lines are relatively dense.
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PKP Intercity is a semi-independent division of PKP that operates long-distance passenger trains in Poland. It was founded in 2001 when, in preparation for separation between infrastructure management and transport operations, the Polish State
Railways were reorganized into a number of independent
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were destroyed. At the beginning of 1945, the
Ministry of Transport was created, as well as the Regional Directorate of National Railways. Many pre-war locomotives were sent to the Soviet Union. Poland received many German locomotives as a compensation for war losses. In June, the rail connection
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An economic crisis in the 1930s forced the state to cut back its budget for railway investment. Profit decreased by 50% compared to 1929. The next year, over 23,000 PKP employees had been dismissed and protests and strikes causes authorities to try to find a solution. The end of the crisis and an
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of substations fed from voltages below 30 kV is indoors, outdoor switchgear is used at 110 kV. The distance between substations is between 15 and 28 kilometres. For reliability of supply, substations are usually fed by at least two powerlines. Each substation normally feeds two segments of the
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The line was opened in 1979 and was used to import iron ore from the USSR, as well as to export coal and sulphur from Poland. After the fall of communism and the economic changes of 1989 traffic on the line has much diminished. At present various schemes are being tried to increase its
341:. The company was reformed in 2001 when the former Polish State Railways state-owned enterprise was divided into several units based on the need for separation between infrastructure management and transport operations. Polish State Railways is the dominant company in
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Regaining independence on 11 November 1918 allowed Poland to reclaim the former
Russian and Austrian sectors from military railways. The Railway Department in the Ministry of Communication was created and the Polish railways were officially named
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On 14 December 2014 PKP Intercity
Pendolino trains began operating on the CMK line (224 km line from Kraków and Katowice to Warsaw) with trains reaching 200 km/h (124 mph) as a regularly scheduled operation. There is a plan by
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since at least the mid-twentieth century. The late withdrawal of steam power on the PKP system meant that Poland was an attractive destination for rail enthusiasts long after steam had ended on
Britain’s railways. The last PKP steam shed in
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services throughout Europe. Although competition is rising in the long-distance rail travel market in Poland, PKP Intercity still holds a de facto monopoly in the industry, as its current market share represents almost 100% of the segment.
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A company responsible for maintenance of rail tracks, conducting trains across the country, scheduling train timetables, and management of railway property, such as lines and stations. In 2024 PKP owns 16.54% of this company's shares.
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is grounded. Halfway between two substations, there is a switch, which can be used to connect the overhead wires together. At some lines, a three-phase AC line operated with 6 kV, 15 kV or 20 kV runs parallel to the
924:
Electric train traction of Polish State
Railway started in 1936 in Warsaw area and is performed since the beginning with 3 kV DC. As of 1 January 2011, 11481 kilometres were electrified by a total length of 19276 kilometres.
643:
to Warsaw; however, high-speed services have never started, although test runs reached 250 km/h in 1994. Moreover, despite the successful completion of the section from southern to central Poland, the planned extension to
672:(infrastructure manager) to increase speed to 250 km/h on whole line soon. In the day of 13 December 2020 the speed limit was raised to 200 km/h also on the line from Warsaw to seaport Gdynia by New Pendolino train.
912:). It is used only for freight traffic, mainly iron ore and coal. It is the westernmost broad gauge railway line in Europe that is connected to the broad gauge rail system of the countries which before 1991 constituted the
635:, was a prestige project completed in 1976, intended both for heavy coal transport and fast passenger services. This line for the first time allowed passengers to travel in comfort and at relatively high speed from
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in 1941, cargo trains transported goods from the Soviet Union to
Germany. The beginning of German attacks on the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 resulted in the possession of railway and rolling stock by the
660:. However, ever-decreasing journey times, better schedules which allow for well-coordinated connections, the rise of private operators and large-scale investment in infrastructure, in many cases aided by
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Since Poland's return to democracy in the early 1990s, the Polish State Railways have faced ever-increasing competition from private automotive transport and the country's rapidly expanding
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932:. Most substations are fed with voltages between 15 and 30 kV. Where lines have heavy traffic and higher speed, the substations are fed from the 110 kV grid.
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collective that resulted from the split, and maintains in 100% share control, being fully responsible for the assets of all of the other PKP Group component companies.
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435:(1920), a great deal of damage in railway structure was discovered on the route along which the communists were retreating. At the same time, the tense relations with
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was opened, using a temporary railway station made of warehouses. On 15 September 1945, PKP took over management of all railway lines on former German,
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TLK trains. This was done in order to increase competition amongst operators on the Polish rail network. The company finally changed its name from
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caused widespread damage of Warsaw rolling stock, network and electric traction; both bridges over the Vistula River and the tunnel on the
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were over and the former Austrian railway directorate was taken over by Poland. Taking over the railways from Prussians lasted until 1921.
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and the country's Baltic ports was never realised, and this significantly curtailed both the usefulness and potential of the line.
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governments. Thus, the company is no longer part of the PKP Group and on interregional routes its InterRegio trains compete with
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1316:"Driving Europe's last steam train: The Polish trip that puts rail enthusiasts at the controls of a 'breathing dragon'"
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Former headquarters of the Polish State Railways in Warsaw on Targowa Street. Now the HQ of PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe.
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In the former territory of Congress Poland, however, only a few main lines existed had been built in the 19th century.
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has remained in operation as a result of this tourism and continues to operate regular steam hauled services.
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in 1922. That same year, a decision was made to divide railways in Poland into nine administrative districts.
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war reparations. Because the Polish did have enough personnel, Germans continued their work, to be
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invasion of eastern Poland on 17 September 1939, most Polish rolling stock fell into Soviet hands.
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Express InterCity (EIC) - introduced in 2009, as a result, the train category EX was phased out
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profitability. This line runs as a single-track line for almost 400 km, from the Polish-
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1228:. Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum der Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas: 20–24. 2014.
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was founded after dividing PKP into a group of several dozen independent companies to meet
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used for the rail. This line can be also used for emergency power supply of substations.
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EuroCity (EC): International trains which operate major routes and require a reservation
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funding, as well as new rolling stock is slowly enticing people back onto the railways.
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PKP Intercity operates all InterCity trains in Poland as well as most of the country's
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are parts of the group. PKP is also one of the largest real estate managers in Poland.
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1951:
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1224:"Instrumente imperialer Politik? Eisenbahnen in Ostmitteleuropa im 19. Jahrhundert".
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337:) comprising the rail transport holdings of the country's formerly dominant namesake
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1262:"W 2023 r. Pojedziemy polską koleją z prędkością do 250 km/H - Gospodarka komunalna"
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overhead wire, which are separated by a switch. As is common with DC systems, the
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Until 22 December 2008 Przewozy Regionalne was a wholly owned subsidiary of the
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It is a railway transportation service that originally functioned in Poland's
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PKP Intercity's trains currently (2015) operate under the following brands:
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on 25 September. The Polish railways in Generalgouvernement became Ostbahn.
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830:). The system has since grown to cover a longer route, reaching towns like
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988:; after that date, all of its shares have been transferred to Poland's 16
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PKP Cargo is owned by the PKP S.A. (50% + 1 share) and private investors.
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PKP is currently the parent company of the PKP Group, passenger operators
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Chambers, Keith (April 2017). McCall, Iain (ed.). "To Poland, Aged 13".
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track and reconstruction to standard gauge. The beginning of organized
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responsible for infrastructure operation and freight transport on the
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The Polish railways administration finally took over the railways in
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1426:"PGE kupuje PKP Energetykę za 1,9 mld zł. Uznaje 3,8 mld inwestycji"
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resistance movement on railways took place about the same time.
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All used power is taken from the public grid and rectified in
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Express InterCity Premium (EIP) - Pendolino high-speed trains
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1995:
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Following the German invasion on 1 September 1939 and the
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1165:"PKP INFO | Informacje o PKP, lista dworców kolejowych"
1164:
763:
Twoje Linie Kolejowe (TLK) - Low cost, intercity trains
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operating companies under the unified direction of the
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border in Izow-Hrubieszów to Sławków Południowy (near
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Jarosław Bełdowski (Chairman of the supervisory board)
104:
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increase in cargo transport and income came in 1937.
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1348:"SKM data from PKP Group site on PKP official site"
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56:uncited opinion and improper synthesis throughout.
1295:(107). Upper Seagry: Mainline & Maritime: 9.
706:Railway connections by PKP Intercity and Polregio
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447:to a partial disintegration and stagnation. The
880:. The line runs for about 400 km from the
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766:InterCityBus (ICBUS)- Intercity coach services
546:In 1942, production of simple military-use DR
335:sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury
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1213:. Eisenbahn-Kurier-Verlag. pp. 523–534.
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1816:
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680:The PKP has been a tourist attraction for
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1045:railroad operators with electric energy.
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416:started. The rebels took over the former
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
1398:"Zestawienie spółek z udziałem PKP S.A."
1313:
1288:
1276:"Nowy rozkład jazdy PKP. Sprawdź zmiany"
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588:now Polish Western and Northeastern land
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420:sector of railways. One year later, the
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249:State Treasury of the Republic of Poland
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1211:Eisenbahnen zwischen Oder und Weichsel
953:equipment and other devices requiring
658:network of motorways and express roads
359:PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście
2335:Railway companies established in 2001
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1373:"Potrzebne są natychmiastowe decyzje"
1314:Fletcher, Martin (14 February 2022).
1100:Polish State Railroads in summer 1939
383:Polish State Railroads in summer 1939
2350:Government-owned companies of Poland
2330:Polish companies established in 2001
1838:National railway companies of Europe
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1041:A company responsible for supplying
29:
1074:History of rail transport in Poland
379:History of rail transport in Poland
27:Dominant railway operator in Poland
24:
2340:Government-owned railway companies
1060:in 2015, which in turn sold it to
25:
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1056:PKP Group sold PKP Energetyka to
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760:InterCity (IC) - Intercity trains
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509:German attack on the Soviet Union
507:Until the last moment before the
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969:DMU SA135 of Przewozy Regionalne
868:PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa
862:PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa
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500:were adopted by German railways
492:The Polish railways in Silesia,
367:PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa
283:PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa
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165:Alan Beroud (President and CEO)
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810:Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity)
611:information board on a Polish
562:; the steam boilers for these
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400:World War 1 and interwar years
96:Polskie Koleje Państwowe (PKP)
13:
1:
1209:Hans-Wolfgang Scharf (1981).
1120:
1062:PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna
900:border crossing just east of
539:PKP regional headquarters in
2345:Polish Joint-stock companies
1858:Railway companies by country
872:PKP LHS is a company of the
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348:
7:
2315:Railway companies of Poland
1630:Railway operators of Poland
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878:Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line
484:is one of Poland's largest
427:After the victory over the
54:. The specific problem is:
10:
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1690:Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna
1140:"Raport roczny PKP (2017)"
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1014:PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe
1011:
977:
961:Former PKP group companies
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807:
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675:
670:PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe
516:and the possession of PKP
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361:and also freight carriers
149:Warszawa Zachodnia station
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1853:Rail transport by country
1848:List of railway companies
1843:
1735:
1635:
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1318:. Travel: Financial Times
1292:Locomotives International
1090:PKP classification system
1079:List of railway companies
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1696:Lubuska Kolej Regionalna
1115:Transportation in Poland
1110:Rail transport in Poland
804:PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska
439:led the railways around
407:Polskie Koleje Państwowe
316:Polskie Koleje Państwowe
18:Polskie Koleje Państwowe
1461:- Polish State Railways
1085:Railway lines of Poland
998:PKP Przewozy Regionalne
974:PKP Przewozy Regionalne
414:Greater Poland Uprising
393:Warsaw–Terespol railway
2271:Country partly in Asia
1927:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1023:
1008:Polskie Linie Kolejowe
970:
856:Tricity Landscape Park
847:electric multiple unit
780:
779:A PKP Cargo locomotive
722:
714:A PKP Intercity ED250
707:
693:Corporate Subdivisions
627:
579:Warsaw Cross-City Line
543:
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412:In December 1918, the
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391:A steam engine of the
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2216:SBB CFF FFS
1430:www.rynek-kolejowy.pl
1021:
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682:British trainspotters
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308:Polish State Railways
92:Polish State Railways
1678:Koleje Wielkopolskie
1239:InterConSystems.pl.
1058:CVC Capital Partners
1004:on 8 December 2009.
720:Wrocław Main Station
558:began in Poznań and
433:Polish-Bolshevik War
61:improve this article
50:to meet Knowledge's
2320:PKP Group companies
1658:Koleje Dolnośląskie
1577:Przewozy Regionalne
1278:. 13 December 2020.
1002:Przewozy Regionalne
980:Przewozy Regionalne
502:Deutsche Reichsbahn
451:was not recovered.
449:Libau–Romny Railway
256:Number of employees
176:property management
99:
2276:Federation B&H
1759:Euronaft Trzebinia
1722:Usedomer Bäderbahn
1668:Koleje Mazowieckie
1663:Koleje Małopolskie
1189:"Spółki Grupy PKP"
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845:It is serviced by
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633:Central Trunk Line
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908:Południowy (near
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556:steam locomotives
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140:24 September 1926
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52:quality standards
43:This article may
16:(Redirected from
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231:15.046 billion
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1047:PKP Energetyka
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716:New Pendolino
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652:1990 to today
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552:PKP class Ty2
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2016:
2008:
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1992:
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1926:
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1870:
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1757:
1717:SKM (Warsaw)
1694:
1510:
1434:. Retrieved
1429:
1420:
1409:. Retrieved
1404:
1392:
1381:. Retrieved
1377:the original
1367:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:the original
1342:
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1309:
1290:
1284:
1270:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1234:
1226:Mitropa 2014
1225:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1193:. Retrieved
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1105:Przemyślanin
1055:
1040:
1025:
1001:
997:
983:
947:railway line
934:
927:
923:
920:Power supply
914:Soviet Union
894:
871:
844:
816:Tricity area
813:
799:
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738:
730:
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666:
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629:
572:
547:
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506:
491:
469:
460:
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411:
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403:
352:
315:
307:
305:
266:Subsidiaries
240: (2017)
226:Total assets
219: (2017)
198: (2017)
145:Headquarters
112:Company type
75:
69:January 2023
66:
59:Please help
55:
44:
2236:Taşımacılık
2213:Switzerland
2113:Netherlands
1790:Lotos Kolej
1432:(in Polish)
1169:pkp.info.pl
1053:Standards.
930:substations
789:PKP Cargo (
615:train from
564:locomotives
522:broad gauge
466:World War 2
333:(legally a
328:state-owned
279:Tricity SKM
260:8220 (2017)
63:if you can.
2309:Categories
2224:PŽD/PZ/CFN
2105:Montenegro
2089:Luxembourg
2053:Kazakhstan
1903:Azerbaijan
1551:TK Telekom
1546:PKP Telkol
1436:2023-11-25
1411:2024-05-19
1383:2015-06-17
1358:2007-01-21
1322:29 January
1195:2024-05-19
1174:2023-02-22
1149:22 January
1121:References
937:switchyard
902:Hrubieszów
852:Gdańsk Bay
609:Dot matrix
486:category A
299:www.pkp.pl
205:Net income
161:Key people
2176:Srbijavoz
2081:Lithuania
1922:NMBS/SNCB
1890:YuKŽD/HKY
1780:PKP Cargo
1653:Arriva RP
1636:Passenger
1556:WARS S.A.
1526:PKP Cargo
1498:companies
1496:PKP Group
1407:. PKP S.A
1301:1353-7091
1191:. PKP S.A
1095:PKP Group
1064:in 2022.
986:PKP Group
898:Ukrainian
886:Ukrainian
874:PKP Group
840:Wejherowo
785:PKP Cargo
771:PKP Cargo
734:PKP Group
568:Sosnowiec
548:Kriegslok
498:Pomerania
488:stations.
437:Lithuania
363:PKP Cargo
349:PKP today
343:PKP Group
275:PKP Cargo
2274:For the
2189:Slovenia
2181:Slovakia
2145:Portugal
2064:Trainkos
1941:Bulgaria
1871:Abkhazia
1648:Polregio
1246:12 April
1083:List of
1068:See also
990:regional
910:Katowice
890:Katowice
854:and the
741:EuroCity
687:Wolsztyn
641:Katowice
593:deported
560:Chrzanów
526:sabotage
429:Red Army
418:Prussian
172:Products
155:, Poland
127:Industry
45:require
2241:Ukraine
2153:Romania
2097:Moldova
2037:Ireland
2029:Hungary
2009:Germany
2001:Georgia
1985:Finland
1973:Estonia
1965:Denmark
1949:Croatia
1919:Belgium
1911:Belarus
1895:Austria
1887:Armenia
1879:Albania
1785:PKP LHS
1736:Freight
1541:PKP PLK
1531:PKP LHS
1504:current
1405:PKP S.A
906:Sławków
793::
676:Tourism
541:Wrocław
528:by the
514:Ostbahn
441:Vilnius
431:in the
373:History
295:Website
186:Revenue
137:Founded
47:cleanup
2229:Turkey
2205:Sweden
2169:Serbia
2161:Russia
2137:Poland
2129:Norway
2069:Latvia
2061:Kosovo
2017:Greece
1993:France
1914:BŽD/BČ
1874:AŽD/AA
1565:former
1511:PKP SA
1299:
1043:Polish
882:Polish
836:Lębork
832:Słupsk
828:Gdańsk
820:Gdynia
646:Gdańsk
637:Kraków
625:Gdańsk
621:Gdynia
617:Berlin
584:Warsaw
550:BR52 (
530:Polish
472:Soviet
395:, 1866
322:: PKP
312:Polish
153:Warsaw
2200:Renfe
2197:Spain
2045:Italy
1980:Elron
1401:(PDF)
1143:(PDF)
824:Sopot
582:with
520:with
445:Minsk
320:abbr.
245:Owner
2292:For
2286:For
2280:For
2232:TCDD
2184:ŽSSK
2108:ŽPCG
2076:Vivi
1996:SNCF
1930:ŽFBH
1707:SKPL
1324:2024
1297:ISSN
1248:2017
1151:2019
935:The
850:the
838:and
826:and
639:and
623:via
573:The
496:and
443:and
381:and
365:and
357:and
324:S.A.
306:The
120:S.A.
2258:NIR
2255:and
2164:RŽD
2156:CFR
2140:PKP
2100:CFM
2092:CFL
2084:LTG
2072:LDz
2056:QTJ
2032:MÁV
2020:OSE
1976:EVR
1968:DSB
1944:BDŽ
1936:ŽRS
1933:and
1906:ADY
1898:ÖBB
1882:HSH
1727:WKD
1582:WKD
1459:PKP
1000:to
904:to
892:).
795:PKP
791:WSE
718:at
619:to
233:PLN
212:PLN
191:PLN
116:JSC
2311::
2252:NR
2244:UZ
2234:/
2208:SJ
2192:SŽ
2174:,
2172:ŽS
2148:CP
2132:Vy
2124:MŽ
2116:NS
2074:/
2048:FS
2040:IÉ
2022:/
2012:DB
2004:GR
1988:VR
1978:/
1960:ČD
1952:HŽ
1428:.
1403:.
1167:.
1129:^
916:.
858:.
842:.
834:,
822:,
736:.
570:.
554:)
409:.
318:,
314::
178:,
151:,
1831:e
1824:t
1817:v
1616:e
1609:t
1602:v
1488:e
1481:t
1474:v
1439:.
1414:.
1386:.
1361:.
1326:.
1303:.
1264:.
1250:.
1198:.
1177:.
1153:.
884:-
818:(
310:(
122:)
118:(
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
20:)
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