660:. He invited all Gabonese, regardless of previous political affiliation, to participate. Bongo was elected president in February 1975 and re-elected in December 1979 and November 1986 to seven-year terms. In April 1975, the office of vice president was abolished and replaced by the office of prime minister, who has no right to automatic succession. Under the 1991 constitution, in the event of the president's death, the prime minister, the National Assembly president, and the defence minister share power until a new election is held. Using the PDG as a tool to submerge the regional and tribal rivalries that have divided Gabonese politics in the past, Bongo sought to forge a single national movement in support of the government's development policies.
680:
with 51% of the vote, opposition candidates refused to validate the election results. Serious civil disturbances, which were heavily repressed by the presidential guard, led to an agreement between the government and opposition factions to work toward a political settlement. These talks led to the Paris
Accords in November 1994 in which several opposition figures were included in a government of national unity. This arrangement soon broke down, and the 1996 and 1997 legislative and municipal elections provided the background for renewed partisan politics. The PDG won a landslide victory in the legislative election, but several major cities, including
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negotiated with them on a sector-by-sector basis, making significant wage concessions. In addition, he promised to open up the PDG and to organize a national political conference in March–April 1990 to discuss Gabon's future political system. The PDG and 74 political organizations attended the conference. Participants essentially divided into two loose coalitions, the ruling PDG and its allies and the United Front of
Opposition Associations and Parties, consisting of the breakaway Morena Fundamental and the Gabonese Progress Party.
684:, elected opposition mayors during the 1997 local election. President Bongo coasted to an easy re-election in December 1998 with 66% of the vote against a divided opposition. While Bongo's major opponents rejected the outcome as fraudulent, international observers characterized the result as representative even if the election suffered from serious administrative problems. There was no serious civil disorder or protests following the election in contrast to the 1993 election.
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called, was smaller than the previous government and included representatives from several opposition parties in its cabinet. The RSDG drafted a provisional constitution that provided a basic bill of rights and an independent judiciary but retained strong executive powers for the president. After further review by a constitutional committee and the
National Assembly, this document came into force in March 1991.
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Haut-Ogooue. This was conveniently just enough to push Ali Bongo into first place. An EU Election
Observation Mission present in the country declared that observers had incurred problems accessing the process of vote counting. The right to demonstrate or express oneself was described by the mission as 'restrictive'. The electoral regulations benefitted President Bongo, according to the Mission's report.
762:, in power since 1967 and the longest-serving African head of state, was re-elected to another seven-year term according to poll results returned from elections held on November 27, 2005. According to figures provided by Gabon's Interior Ministry, this was achieved with 79.1% of the votes cast. In 2003 the President amended the
636:. In the first post-independence election, held under a parliamentary system, neither party was able to win a majority. The BDG obtained support from three of the four independent legislative deputies, and M'Ba was named prime minister. Soon after concluding that Gabon had an insufficient number of people for a
500:, the creation of the National Council of Democracy that also oversees the guarantee of those rights and a governmental advisory board which deals with economic and social issues. Multi-party legislative elections were held in 1990-91 even though opposition parties had not been declared formally legal.
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Despite further anti-government demonstrations after the untimely death of an opposition leader, the first multi-party
National Assembly elections in almost 30 years took place in September–October 1990, with the PDG garnering a large majority. Following President Bongo's re-election in December 1993
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This coalition appeared to work until
February 1963, when the larger BDG forced the UDSG members to choose between a merger of the parties or resignation. The UDSG cabinet ministers resigned, and M'Ba called an election for February 1964 and a reduced number of National Assembly deputies (from 67 to
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Opposition to the PDG continued, however, and in
September 1990, two coup attempts were uncovered and aborted. Economic discontent and a desire for political liberalization provoked violent demonstrations and strikes by students and workers in early 1990. In response to grievances by workers, Bongo
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that followed the 1993 election. The president retains strong powers, such as authority to dissolve the
National Assembly, declare a state of siege, delay legislation, conduct referendums, and appoint and dismiss the prime minister and cabinet members. For administrative purposes, Gabon is divided
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requirement. In an attempt to guide the political system's transformation to multi-party democracy, Bongo resigned as PDG chairman and created a transitional government headed by a new Prime
Minister, Casimir Oye-Mba. The Gabonese Social Democratic Grouping (RSDG), as the resulting government was
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re-established his government the next day. Elections were held in April with many opposition participants. BDG-supported candidates won 31 seats and the opposition 16. Late in 1966, the constitution was revised to provide for automatic succession of the vice president should the president die in
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to remove any restrictions on the number of terms a president is allowed to serve. The president retains strong powers, such as authority to dissolve the
National Assembly, declare a state of siege, delay legislation, conduct referendums, and appoint and dismiss the prime minister and cabinet
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President Omar Ali Bongo narrowly beat rival Jean Ping in the official results of the presidential election in 2016. With results showing a trend of success for Ping, the final province's results were released after significant delays, showing a remarkable 99.5% support for President Bongo in
560:. After approval by the National Assembly, the PDG Central Committee, and the president, the Assembly unanimously adopted the constitution in March 1991. Multi-party legislative elections were held in 1990-91 although opposition parties had not been declared formally legal.
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branch. The judicial branch is technically independent and equal to the two other branches, although in practice, since its judges are appointed by the president, it is beholden to the same president. Since independence the party system is dominated by the conservative
567:, National Assembly. In January 1991, the Assembly passed by unanimous vote a law governing the legalization of opposition parties. The president was re-elected in a disputed election in 1993 with 51% of votes cast. Social and political disturbances led to the 1994
544:. The government in 1990 made major changes in the political system. A transitional constitution was drafted in May as an outgrowth of a national political conference in March–April and later revised by a constitutional committee. Among its provisions were a
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The president is elected by popular vote for a seven-year term. He appoints the prime minister. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president. President
695:, ending the Bongo family's 55-year hold on power, named Gen Brice Oligui Nguema as the country's transitional leader. On 4 September 2023, General Nguema was sworn in as interim president of Gabon.
640:, the two party leaders agreed on a single list of candidates. In the February 1961 election, held under the new presidential system, M'Ba became president and Aubame foreign minister.
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47). The UDSG failed to muster a list of candidates able to meet the requirements of the electoral decrees. When the BDG appeared likely to win the election by default, the
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office. In March 1967, Leon M'Ba and Omar Bongo (then Albert Bongo) were elected president and vice president. M'Ba died later that year, and Omar Bongo became president.
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was re-elected in December 1998, with 66% of the votes cast. Although the main opposition parties claimed the elections had been manipulated, there was none of the
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consists of three chambers - Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts
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815:) has 91 members, elected for a six-year term in single-seat constituencies by local and departmental councillors.
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After a peaceful transition, the elections produced the first representative,
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795:) has 120 members, 111 members elected for a five-year term in single-seat
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has 120 deputies elected for a five-year term. The president is elected by
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https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/declaration_preliminaire_29.08.pdf
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926:"Gabon coup leader Brice Nguema vows free elections - but no date"
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process, freedom of assembly and press, and cancellation of the
908:"Gabon coup leaders name Gen Brice Oligui Nguema as new leader"
827:. An overview on elections and election results is included in
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that is formed by the two chambers of parliament, and the
512:(revised in 1975 and rewritten in 1991), Gabon became a
882:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gabon/
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toppled M'Ba in a bloodless coup on February 18, 1964.
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in 1960, two principal political parties existed: the
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takes place in a framework of a republic whereby the
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528:for a seven-year term. The president appoints the
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385:introducing citations to additional sources
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604:. The president appoints the provincial
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375:Relevant discussion may be found on the
630:Union DĂ©mocratique et Sociale Gabonaise
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691:On 31 August 2023, army officers who
608:, the prefects, and the subprefects.
596:, which are further divided into 36
575:were adopted to create an appointed
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876:Original text of this article from
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867:, Ogooue-Maritime and Woleu-Ntem.
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825:List of political parties in Gabon
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823:For other political parties, see
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1270:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1040:Democratic Republic of the Congo
799:and nine members appointed by a
368:relies largely or entirely on a
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819:Political parties and elections
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554:National Council of Democracy
732:Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema
569:Paris Conference and Accords
260:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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878:Central Intelligence Agency
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622:Bloc Democratique Gabonais
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851:Administrative divisions
520:form of government. The
460:and in effect, also the
165:Administrative divisions
724:Transitional President
504:Political developments
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278:Diplomatic missions of
90:Joseph Owondault Berre
1440:West Africa Campaign
1185:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1045:Republic of the Congo
764:Constitution of Gabon
737:Armed Forces of Gabon
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150:Jean-François Ndongou
704:Main office-holders
618:Gabon's independence
612:Political conditions
381:improve this article
182:Cantons and communes
1260:States with limited
971:Politics of Africa
932:. 4 September 2023.
793:Assemblée Nationale
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634:Jean-Hilaire Aubame
600:and eight separate
540:of the independent
396:"Politics of Gabon"
268:RĂ©gis Onanga Ndiaye
77:Brice Oligui Nguema
1630:Telecommunications
880:World Factbook at
829:Elections in Gabon
771:Legislative branch
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579:, the position of
526:universal suffrage
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462:head of government
454:president of Gabon
102:Raymond Ndong Sima
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1435:Kingdom of Orungu
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1060:Equatorial Guinea
914:. 31 August 2023.
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141:National Assembly
134:Paulette Missambo
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1100:Guinea-Bissau
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830:
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801:head of state
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650:French troops
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542:Supreme Court
539:
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511:
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458:head of state
455:
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398: –
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366:This article
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1671:Demographics
1532:
1425:French Congo
1335:Saint Helena
1306:
1210:South Africa
1200:Sierra Leone
1079:
1005:Burkina Faso
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845:Cour Supreme
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693:seized power
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510:constitution
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437:January 2019
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367:
53:Human rights
46:Constitution
22:
15:
1696:LGBT rights
1494:Departments
1262:recognition
1215:South Sudan
1105:Ivory Coast
865:Ogooué-Lolo
598:prefectures
565:multi-party
470:legislative
300:Visa policy
177:Departments
1565:Parliament
1499:Ecoregions
1317:(Portugal)
1275:Somaliland
1195:Seychelles
1160:Mozambique
1145:Mauritania
1130:Madagascar
1085:The Gambia
1020:Cape Verde
871:References
783:) has two
777:Parliament
728:Incumbent
682:Libreville
628:, and the
592:into nine
585:Omar Bongo
490:Omar Bongo
407:newspapers
118:Parliament
65:Government
1706:Languages
1676:Education
1640:Transport
1587:President
1545:Elections
1514:Provinces
1477:Geography
1150:Mauritius
805:president
781:Parlement
767:members.
673:exit visa
669:budgetary
626:Leon M'Ba
606:governors
594:provinces
558:judiciary
466:executive
377:talk page
195:Elections
172:Provinces
146:President
130:President
71:President
1771:Category
1756:Category
1721:Religion
1560:Military
1533:Politics
1519:Wildlife
1415:Timeline
1399:articles
1341: /
1337: /
1330:(France)
1324: /
1302: /
1298: /
1250:Zimbabwe
1225:Tanzania
1075:Ethiopia
1070:Eswatini
1050:Djibouti
1015:Cameroon
1000:Botswana
930:BBC News
912:BBC News
839:Gabon's
785:chambers
514:republic
474:judicial
290:Passport
282:in Gabon
264:Minister
1740:Outline
1666:Cuisine
1654:Society
1635:Tourism
1613:Economy
1407:History
1326:RĂ©union
1322:Mayotte
1313:Madeira
1308:(Spain)
1304:Melilla
1235:Tunisia
1205:Somalia
1190:Senegal
1175:Nigeria
1165:Namibia
1155:Morocco
1120:Liberia
1115:Lesotho
1065:Eritrea
1035:Comoros
1010:Burundi
985:Algeria
751:Vacant
709:Office
548:-style
546:Western
534:cabinet
516:with a
492:Ondimba
421:scholar
1701:Health
1625:Energy
1575:Senate
1509:Places
1489:Cities
1397:
1345:
1328:
1315:
1245:Zambia
1240:Uganda
1180:Rwanda
1135:Malawi
1095:Guinea
990:Angola
857:Nyanga
809:Senate
807:. The
803:- the
787:. The
718:Since
715:Party
577:Senate
538:judges
536:, and
532:, the
423:
416:
409:
402:
394:
125:Senate
1747:Index
1716:Music
1711:Media
1686:Films
1395:Gabon
1300:Ceuta
1220:Sudan
1170:Niger
1125:Libya
1110:Kenya
1090:Ghana
1080:Gabon
1055:Egypt
995:Benin
813:SĂ©nat
712:Name
450:Gabon
428:JSTOR
414:books
1691:Flag
1230:Togo
1140:Mali
1030:Chad
775:The
400:news
231:2023
226:2018
214:2023
209:2016
843:or
456:is
383:by
1773::
928:.
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863:,
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342:e
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