1028:
906:
Orthodox Church was attempting to
Hellenize the population, Macedonian and Bulgarian intellectuals banded together to establish a Slavic literary language in opposition to Greek. Two competing centers of literacy rose at the beginning of the nineteenth century: southwestern Macedonia and northeastern Bulgaria. These centers were different enough at every linguistic level to be competing to become the literary language. When the Bulgarian Exarchate was recognized as a millet on par with the Greek millet (on religious grounds), the designation Bulgarian was still a religious term, in opposition to Greek, and the language began to be standardized on the basis of the Bulgarian center of literacy. Intellectuals from the Macedonian center of literacy felt that their dialects were being excluded from the literary Bulgarian language. By the time the Bulgarian state gained independence in 1878, the population of Macedonia and Bulgaria was subjected to conflicting claims from the Serbian, Bulgarian, and Greek states and churches, which provided education, and a distinct Macedonian national identity was written about in print. By 1903, a separate Macedonian identity and language is solidified in the works of
773:
songs: "I named these songs
Bulgarian, and not Slavic because today when you ask any Macedonian Slav: Who are you? he immediately answers: I am Bulgarian and call my language Bulgarian…" The name "Bulgarian" for various Macedonian dialects can be seen from early vernacular texts such as the four-language dictionary of Daniil of Moschopole, the early works of Kiril Pejchinovich and Ioakim Kurchovski and some vernacular gospels written in the Greek alphabet. These written works influenced by or completely written in the Bulgarian vernacular were registered in Macedonia in the 18th and beginning of the 19th century and their authors referred to their language as Bulgarian. The first samples of Bulgarian speech and the first grammar of the modern Bulgarian language were written by the leading Serbian literator Vuk Karadžić on the basis of the Macedonian Razlog dialect. In those early years the re-emerging Bulgarian written language was still heavily influenced by Church Slavonic forms so dialectical differences were not very prominent between the Eastern and Western regions. Indeed, in those early years many Bulgarian activists sometimes even communicated in Greek in their writing.
949:
3377:
971:. Numerous shared features of these dialects with Bulgarian are cited as proof. Bulgarian scholars also claim that the overwhelming majority of the Macedonian population had no consciousness of a Macedonian language separate from Bulgarian prior to 1945. Russian scholars cite the early references to the language in Slavic literature from the middle of the 10th century to the end of the 19th century as "bulgarski" or "bolgarski" as proof of that claim. From that, the conclusion is drawn that modern standard Macedonian is not a language separate from Bulgarian either but just another written "norm" based on a set of Bulgarian
32:
845:, American professor of history, states that "the obviously plagiarized historical argument of the Macedonian nationalists for a separate Macedonian ethnicity could be supported only by linguistic reality, and that worked against them until the 1940s. Until a modern Macedonian literary language was mandated by the socialist-led partisan movement from Macedonia in 1944, most outside observers and linguists agreed with the Bulgarians in considering the vernacular spoken by the Macedonian Slavs as a western dialect of Bulgarian".
979:
misinterpretations of history and documents in order to further the claim that there was a consciousness of a separate
Macedonian ethnicity before 1944. Although the original aim of the codifiers of Macedonian was to distance it from both Bulgarian and Serbian, Bulgarians today view standard Macedonian as heavily Serbianised, especially with regards to its vocabulary. Bulgarian scholars such as Kosta Tsrnushanov claim there are several ways in which standard Macedonian was influenced by Serbian.
352:
777:
were assuming leadership in linguistic and literary affairs. This was to a large extent due to the fact that the wealthy towns on both sides of the
Central Balkan range were able to produce more intellectuals educated in Europe than the relatively less developed other Bulgarian regions. Consequently, when the idea that the vernacular rather than Church Slavonic should be represented in the written language gained preponderance, it was the dialects of the Central Balkan region between
943:
refused to sign an agreement for friendship and cooperation that was prepared in both
Bulgarian and Macedonian. In 1993 the Bulgarian government refused to sign the first bilateral agreement with the Republic of Macedonia because the Macedonian language was mentioned in the agreement in the last clause: "This agreement is written and signed in Bulgarian and Macedonian". That started a dispute that was resolved in February 1999 when the governments of Bulgaria and Macedonia signed a
494:
919:
2684:"... the term Slavomacedonian was introduced and was accepted by the community itself, which at the time had a much more widespread non-Greek Macedonian ethnic consciousness. Unfortunately, according to members of the community, this term was later used by the Greek authorities in a pejorative, discriminatory way; hence the reluctance if not hostility of modern-day Macedonians of Greece (i.e. people with a Macedonian national identity) to accept it."
710:
726:
734:
1300:
beginning of the twentieth century and is strengthened particularly during the years between the two world wars. Austrian linguist Otto
Kronsteiner states that the Macedonian linguists artificially introduced differences from the literary Bulgarian language to bring Macedonian closer to Serbian, jesting that the Macedonian language is a Bulgarian one, but written on a Serbian typewriter. According to the
1296:, a professor of anthropology, addresses the stance of linguists, who attribute the origin of the Macedonian language to their will, stressing that all languages in the standardisation process have a certain political and historical context to them and the fact that the Macedonian language had a political context in which it was standardised does not mean it is not a language.
532:
difficult to establish since part of the
Slavophone Greek population is also considered speakers of Bulgarian by Bulgarian linguists. In recent years, there have been attempts to have the language recognized as a minority language in Greece. In Albania, Macedonian was recognized after 1946 and mother-tongue instructions were offered in some village schools until grade four.
718:
583:
with
Yugoslavia for mutual legal defense, where Macedonian is named along with Bulgarian, Serbo-Croat, and Slovene as one of the languages to be used officially for legal matters. Nevertheless in the same year Bulgaria revoked finally its recognition of Macedonian nationhood and language and resumed implicitly its prewar position. In 1999 the government in Sofia signed a
2253:"Especially in view of the establishment of a free Macedonian state within the framework of a federal Yugoslavia, making the first appropriate step for the realization of the Macedonian ideal of emancipation, a united Macedonia, we would like to inform you that our Party and our people most sincerely welcome the new Macedonian state." The full text of the letter:
841:
Bulgarian-trained cadres got into a conflict over the language with the more
Serbian-leaning activists, who had been working within the Yugoslav Communist Party. Since the latter held most of the political power, they managed to impose their views on the direction the new language was to follow, much to the dismay of the former group.
510:, Macedonian was treated as a South Serbian dialect in Yugoslavia, in accordance with claims made in the 19th century. The government permitted its use in dialectal literature. The 1940s saw opposing views on Macedonian in Bulgaria; while its existence was recognized in 1946-47 and allowed as the language of instruction in schools in
2672:" the KKE recognised that the Slavophone population was ethnic minority of Slavomacedonians. This was a term, which the inhabitants of the region accepted with relief. Slavomacedonians = Slavs+Macedonians. The first section of the term determined their origin and classified them in the great family of the Slav peoples."
1116:
On 3 June 2018, the Greek
Minister of Shipping and Island Policy Panagiotis Kouroublis, acknowledged that Greece had fully recognized the term "Macedonian language" for the modern Slavic language, since the 1977 UN Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, a fact confirmed on 6 June by
772:
referred to their language as Bulgarian and called themselves Bulgarians. For instance, the Croatian Bosnian researcher Stjepan Verković who was a long-term teacher in Macedonia sent by the Serbian government with a special assimilatory mission wrote in the preface of his collection of Bulgarian folk
852:
and part of this entailed giving "cultural autonomy" to the Pirin region. Consequently, Bulgarian communists recognised Macedonian as distinct from Bulgarian on 2nd Nov 1944 with a letter from the Bulgarian Workers' Party (communists) to Marshal Tito and CPY. From January 1945 the regional newspaper
776:
When the Bulgarian national movement got underway in the second quarter of the 19th century some cities in Macedonia were among the first to demand education in Bulgarian and Bulgarian-speaking clerics for their churches. By the 1860s however, it was clear that the Central Balkan regions of Bulgaria
1125:
who in 1954 and 1959 used the term "Macedonian language" to refer to the South Slavic language. New Democracy denied these claims, noting that the 1977 UN document states clearly that the terminology used thereof (i.e. the characterization of the languages) does not imply any opinion of the General
587:
in the official languages of the two countries, marking the first time it agreed to sign a bilateral agreement written in Macedonian. As of 2019, disputes regarding the language and its origins are ongoing in academic and political circles in the countries. Macedonian is still widely regarded as a
1291:
wrote: "Bulgarian scholars, who argue that the concept of a Macedonian language was unknown before World War II, or who continue to claim that a Macedonian language does not exist look not only dishonest, but silly, while Greek scholars who make similar claims are displaying arrogant ignorance of
869:
policy was already announced in the secret April plenum of the BCP in 1956 and openly proclaimed in the plenum of 1963. 1958 was the first time that a "serious challenge" to the Macedonian position was launched by Bulgaria. These developments led to violent polemics between Yugoslav and Bulgarian
582:
i.e. Macedonian linguistic norm of the Bulgarian language. During Communist era Macedonian was recognized as a minority language in Bulgaria from 1946 to 1948, though, it was subsequently described again as a dialect or regional norm of Bulgarian. Bulgarian government signed in 1956 an Agreement
463:
Although Bulgaria was the first country to recognize the independence of the Republic of Macedonia in 1991, most of its academics, as well as the general public, continue to regard the language spoken there as a form of Bulgarian. However, after years of diplomatic impasse caused by this academic
1299:
Vittore Pisani stated "the Macedonian language is actually an artifact produced for primarily political reasons". German linguist Friedrich Scholz argues that the Macedonian national consciousness and from that conscientious promotion of Macedonian as a written language first appears just in the
955:
Although Bulgaria was the first country to recognize the independence of the Republic of Macedonia, most of its academics, as well as the general public, regard the language spoken there as a form of Bulgarian. However, after years of diplomatic impasse caused by an academic dispute, in 1999 the
947:
where in the last paragraph both governments signed the declaration in: "Bulgarian according to the constitution of Bulgaria and in Macedonian according to the constitution of Macedonia." The denial to recognize Macedonian though persisted in Bulgarian society, so in August 2017 both governments
942:
in 1948. However, from 1948 to 1963 some Bulgarian linguists still continued to recognize Macedonian as a separate Slavic language. The first big "language scandal" between Bulgaria and Macedonia happened in November 1966 when the president of the Bulgarian Association of Writers Georgi Dzagarov
828:
Up until 1912/18 it was the standard Bulgarian language that most Macedonians learned (and taught) in the Exarchate schools. All activists and leaders of the Macedonian movement, including those of the left, used standard Bulgarian in documents, press publications, correspondence and memoirs and
905:
During the time of the Ottoman Empire, Serbia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Greece were all under Ottoman reign. During the nineteenth century, the primary source of identity was religion. Because Slavs in the geographical regions of Macedonia and Bulgaria were both Orthodox Christian and the Greek
824:
to describe Macedonism as a potential ally for the Serbian strategy to expand its territory toward Macedonia, whose population was regarded by almost all neutral sources as Bulgarian at the time. The consternation of certain Macedonians with what they saw as the domineering attitude of Northern
505:
Politicians and scholars from North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Greece often have opposing views about the existence and distinctiveness of Macedonian. Through history and especially before its codification, Macedonian has been variously referred to as a variant of Bulgarian, Serbian or a distinct
596:, which denies the existence of a separate Macedonian language and declares it a written regional form of the Bulgarian language. Similar sentiments are also expressed by the majority of the Bulgarian population. The current international consensus outside of Bulgaria is that Macedonian is an
531:
argues that Greek policies have largely been based on denying connection between the Macedonian codified standard and that of the Slavophone minority in the country and sees it as "clearly directed towards the elimination of Macedonian". The number of speakers of Macedonian in Greece has been
1019:, it has not recognized Macedonian as a unique language since it reversed its recognition of the language and ethnic group in the late 1950s. This was a major obstacle to the development of diplomatic relations between the two countries until a compromise solution was worked out in 1999.
978:
Moreover, Bulgarian linguists assert that the Macedonian and Yugoslav linguists who were involved in codifying the new language artificially introduced differences from literary Bulgarian to bring it closer to Serbian. They are also said to have resorted to falsifications and deliberate
944:
840:
as a means of achieving autonomy for Macedonia within a Balkan federation. Consequently, it was Bulgarian-educated Macedonians who were the first to develop a distinct Macedonian language, culture and literature. When Socialist Macedonia was formed as part of Federal Yugoslavia, these
575:
Although Bulgaria was the first country to recognize the independence of the Republic of Macedonia, most of its academics, as well as the general public, regarded the language spoken there as a form of Bulgarian. Dialect experts of the Bulgarian refer to Macedonian as
1416:
Matthew H. Ciscel, Multilingualism and the disputed standardizations of Macedonian and Moldovan, pp. 309–328; in Matthias Hüning, Ulrike Vogl, Olivier Moliner as ed., Standard Languages and Multilingualism in European History, John Benjamins Publishing, 2012,
206:
1921:
1810:
1027:
1121:-led government of that time. Kotzias also revealed classified documents confirming the use of the term "Macedonian Language" by the past governments of Greece, as well as pointing out to official statements of the Greek Prime Minister
1126:
Secretariat of the UN regarding the legal status of any country, territory, borders etc. Further, New Democracy stated that in 2007 and 2012, as governing party, included Greece's objections in the relevant UN documents.
2986:
Der Zerfall Jugoslawiens und die Zukunft der makedonischen Literatursprache: Der späte Fall von Glottotomie? Autor Kronsteiner, Otto, Herausgeber Schriftenreihe Die slawischen Sprachen, Erscheinungsjahr 1992, Seiten
2097:"Но ја сам ове песме назвао бугарскима, а не словенскима, због тога, јер данас кад би когод македонског Славенина запитао: што си ти? с места би му отговорно: я сам болгарин, а свој језик зову болгарским...", p. 13
632:
has very different connotations. Instead, the language is often called simply "Slavic" or "Slavomacedonian" (translated to "Macedonian Slavic" in English). Speakers themselves variously refer to their language as
2254:
517:
Until 1999, Macedonian had never been recognized as a minority language in Greece, and attempts to have Macedonian-language books introduced in education have failed. For instance, a Macedonian primer
1007:
manipulation. Part of the Bulgarian scholars and people hold the view that Macedonian is one of three "norms" of the Bulgarian language, the other two being standard Bulgarian and the language of the
952:
with a clause that mentions the Macedonian language again. In the Bulgarian society there still exists a perception that Bulgaria did not and does not recognize Macedonian as a distinct language.
1161:
124:
902:, who allegedly set the principles of the Macedonian literary language in the late 19th century, stated: "We speak a Bulgarian language and we believed with Bulgaria is our strong power."
796:
called for a stronger representation of Macedonian dialects in the Bulgarian literary language but their advice was not heeded at the time and sometimes met with hostility. In the article
1360:
956:
government in Sofia solved the problem with the Macedonian language under the formula: "the official language of the country (Republic of Macedonia) in accordance with its constitution".
460:. Macedonian was recognized as a minority language in Bulgaria from 1946 to 1948. Though, it was subsequently described in Bulgaria again as a dialect or regional norm of Bulgarian.
1629:
1337:
476:. Nevertheless, the Bulgarian government continues to deny Macedonian as a separate language. This issue was one of the main reasons for which the Bulgarian government has hindered
201:
878:
According to the now-prevalent and official Macedonian view in the books in the Republic of North Macedonia, Macedonian was the first official language of the Slavs, thanks to the
1347:
2879:
2828:
2338:
1342:
556:
was referred to as a group of Bulgarian dialects. Some scholars argue that the idea of linguistic separatism emerged in the late 19th century with the advent of
506:
language of its own. Historically, after its codification, the use of the language has been a subject of different views in Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece. In the
837:
501:, a school book published by the Greek government in 1925. Attempts to use Macedonian-language books in the Greek educational system were largely unsuccessful.
1972:
825:
Bulgarians towards their vernacular was later deftly exploited by the Serbian state, which had begun to fear the rise of Bulgarian nationalism in Macedonia.
560:
and the need for a separate Macedonian standard language subsequently appeared in the early 20th century. Local variants used to name the language were also
389:
3461:
3311:
816:
was criticized, his adherents were named Macedonists, and this is the earliest surviving indirect reference to it, although Slaveykov never used the word
3214:
2853:
2106:
Prof. Dr. Gustav Weigand, ETHNOGRAPHIE VON MAKEDONIEN, Geschichtlich-nationaler, spraechlich-statistischer Teil, Leipzig, Friedrich Brandstetter, 1924.
1849:
1322:
477:
314:
2269:
3393:
1015:
entitled "The Unity of the Bulgarian Language Today and in the Past". Although Bulgaria was the first country to recognize the independence of the
3492:
935:
301:
1751:
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and once wrote in Macedonian and published what was the first contemporary book written in standardized Macedonian, stated in an interview for
283:
279:
3232:
3497:
3254:
2750:
1317:
263:
2599:
1973:"Greek Helsinki Monitor – Report about Compliance with the Principles of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities"
3105:
2800:
1332:
218:
179:
174:
3087:
1646:
1129:
On 12 June 2018, North Macedonia's Prime Minister Zoran Zaev, announced that the recognition of Macedonian by Greece is reaffirmed in the
2046:
584:
465:
231:
162:
157:
2751:"Kouroublis: In 1977, Greece recognized "Macedonian language" (original: Κουρουμπλής: To 1977 η Ελλάδα αναγνώρισε "μακεδονική γλώσσα")"
2641:
Danforth, L. (1997) The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World (Princeton : Princeton University Press)
597:
701:, the latter country accepted the use of the adjective Macedonian to refer to the language using a footnote to describe it as Slavic.
2772:
382:
3046:(1999), "Official Language, Minority Language, No Language at All: The History of Macedonian in Primary Education in the Balkans",
2657:
Although acceptable in the past, current use of this name in reference to both the ethnic group and the language can be considered
1872:
1301:
622:
The Greek scientific and local community was opposed to using the denomination Macedonian to refer to the language in light of the
3203:
1929:
798:
545:
243:
2665:. Pavlos Koufis, a native of Greek Macedonia, pioneer of ethnic Macedonian schools in the region and local historian, says in
1055:. Therefore Greeks were objecting to the use of the "Macedonian" name in reference to the modern Slavic language, calling it "
865:
and a Macedonian nation but within the framework of a Balkan Federation and not within Yugoslavia. However, a reversal in the
362:
2335:
3487:
375:
319:
256:
1642:
3451:
3436:
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and offensive by ethnic Macedonians. In the past, the Macedonian Slavs in Greece seemed relieved to be acknowledged as
1777:
1353:
1102:
dialect - was unilaterally christened "Macedonian" and became one of Yugoslavia's official languages. Greece similarly
617:
291:
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3247:
2923:
2646:
2546:
2483:
2291:
2229:
2155:
1707:
1674:
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in 1948, those plans were abandoned. This date also coincided with the first claims of Bulgarian linguists as to the
238:
94:
3410:
2703:. in: Kourvetaris et al. (eds.), The New Balkans, East European Monographs: Columbia University Press, 2002, p. 85.
1562:
Max K. Adler. Marxist Linguistic Theory and Communist Practice: A Sociolinguistic Study; Buske Verlag (1980), p.215
1472:
Wayne C. Thompson, Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2018-2019, Edition 18, Rowman & Littlefield, 2018,
1376:
1204:
938:
gave the Communists a majority. The new authorities officially recognized Macedonian, but it lasted only until the
2117:
Dodatak k sanktpeterburgskim sravniteljnim rječnicima sviju jezika i narječja sa osobitim ogledom Bugarskog језика
1976:
3030:
2964:
Pisani, V. "Il Macedonico, Paideia, Rivista Letteraria di informazione bibliografica", vol. 12, p. 250, 1957
1223:
1213:
471:
196:
191:
52:
45:
3103:
Trudgill, Peter (1992), "Ausbau sociolinguistics and the perception of language status in contemporary Europe",
2736:
Roudometof, V. (1996) "Nationalism and Identity Politics in the Balkans: Greece and the Macedonian Question" in
3262:
2398:
2030:
1836:
1797:
1792:
Ranko Bugarski, Celia Hawkesworth as editors, Language in the Former Yugoslav Lands, Slavica Publishers, 2004,
1477:
1439:
1434:
Ranko Bugarski, Celia Hawkesworth as editors, Language in the Former Yugoslav Lands, Slavica Publishers, 2004,
1422:
306:
57:
3032:
Macedonian: Facts about the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the Worlds Major Languages, Past and Present
2447:
2411:
1831:
Raymond Detrez, (2010) The A to Z of Bulgaria, Issue 223 of A to Z Guides, Edition 2, Scarecrow Press, 2010,
1529:
1452:
1012:
996:
694:
593:
1113:
Books have been published in Greece which purport to expose the alleged artificial character of Macedonian.
3482:
3405:
3240:
1263:
1241:
1183:
1098:. At the same time, in a "political master-stroke", the local language - which was until then held to be a
923:
143:
82:
2623:
Shoup, Paul (1968). Communism and the Yugoslav National Question, (New - York: Columbia University Press).
1630:"Report of the independent expert on minority issues, Gay McDougall Mission to Greece 8–16 September 2008"
3415:
3066:
Nihtinen, Atina (1999), "Language, Cultural Identity and Politics in the Cases of Macedonian and Scots",
1280:
879:
849:
119:
87:
22:
1067:), a term coined by some members of the Slavic-speaking community of northern Greece itself and used by
3355:
3338:
1397:
1371:
745:
3090:[Do languages have to have a name? The case of Macedonian], in Tabouret-Keller, Andrée (ed.),
829:
nothing indicates they viewed it as a foreign language. This is characteristic even of the members of
3376:
2854:"Zaev:We made a deal - Republic of North Macedonia, with Macedonian language and Macedonian identity"
927:
296:
3143:
Macedonia from S. S. Cyril and Methodius to Horace Lunt and Blazhe Koneski: Language and Nationality
1133:. Within Greece itself however, the term "Slavomacedonian" (Σλαβομακεδονικα) is most commonly used.
3441:
2377:
1103:
1056:
741:
626:. The term is often avoided in the Greek context, and vehemently rejected by most Greeks, for whom
623:
324:
1308:), Macedonian can be called a Bulgarian dialect, as structurally it is most similar to Bulgarian.
3156:
3148:
2940:
2559:
1091:
628:
3095:
3507:
3385:
3321:
3289:
2677:
1637:
1381:
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well into the 1920s and 1930s, when the idea of a distinct Macedonian nation was taking shape.
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589:
557:
425:
356:
2536:
1664:
3350:
3316:
1998:
1697:
1387:
1327:
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the Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Kotzias, who stated that the language was recognized by the
1107:
1016:
939:
907:
894:, the home of the two saints. Later on, Macedonia fell under the rule of Bulgarians, and the
854:
453:
2393:
Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie, Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World, Elsevier, 2010,
3306:
3132:
2585:ИДЕЯТА ЗА ЕЗИКА В МАКЕДОНСКИЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕН КРЪЖОК – ЕСТЕТИЧЕСКИ И ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АСПЕКТИ
1165:
698:
601:
437:
418:, Greece accepted the name "Macedonian language" in reference to the official language of
8:
3362:
3328:
3299:
3294:
3263:
3215:"Greece's Macedonian Slavic heritage was wiped out by linguistic oppression – here's how"
2777:[The classified documents submitted by Kotzias about the Republic of Macedonia].
2304:
Friedman, V. (1998) "The implementation of standard Macedonian: problems and results" in
1276:
988:
753:
403:
2210:"Идеята за езика в Македонския литературен кръжок - естетически и идеологически аспекти"
821:
3446:
3431:
3284:
3118:
1850:"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is firm that "Macedonian language" is Bulgarian dialect"
1745:
1601:Проблеми на българската диалектна и историческа фонетика с оглед на македонските говори
1255:
1174:
1149:
1145:
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1087:
1052:
1000:
964:
960:
842:
789:
769:
541:
457:
449:
433:
99:
2829:"Η ΝΔ καταρρίπτει τις κατηγορίες πως είχε αναγνωρίσει «μακεδονική» γλώσσα από το 1977"
336:
3366:
2919:
2715:
2697:
2642:
2542:
2489:
2479:
2451:
2394:
2225:
2151:
2047:"Republic of North Macedonia with Macedonian language and identity, says Greek media"
2026:
1832:
1793:
1773:
1703:
1670:
1533:
1473:
1435:
1418:
1122:
968:
853:
Pirinsko Delo printed in Bulgaria started to publish a page in Macedonian. After the
445:
429:
3157:Коста Църнушанов, "Сърбизиране на македонския казионен "литeратурен език"" (част II)
2805:[The classified files submitted by Nikos Kotzias in the Parliament (pics)].
1082:, in order to increase his regional influence, gave to the southernmost province of
848:
After 1944 the communist-dominated government sought to create a Bulgarian-Yugoslav
269:
3333:
3175:
3149:Коста Църнушанов, "Сърбизиране на македонския казионен "литeратурен език"" (част I)
3140:
3114:
3075:
3055:
3043:
1267:
1250:
1130:
1008:
895:
862:
793:
690:
604:
dialect continuum. As such, the language is recognized by 138 member states of the
528:
448:
dialects. Throughout history Macedonian has been often referred to as a variant of
415:
2632:
War Report, Sofia, Skopje, and the Macedonian Question, No.35, July/August - 1995.
2473:
870:
scholars and sometimes reflected on the bilateral relations of the two countries.
464:
dispute, in 1999 the Bulgarian government settled the language issue by signing a
31:
3026:
2378:"Linguistic Emblems and Emblematic Languages: On Language as Flag in the Balkans"
2342:
2209:
1956:
1305:
1293:
1079:
1068:
980:
883:
836:
From the 1930s onwards the Bulgarian Communist Party and the Comintern sought to
803:
553:
549:
511:
507:
419:
330:
1160:
890:
script, that was based on Southern Macedonian dialect from the neighbourhood of
3183:
2469:
2183:
1060:
899:
866:
858:
778:
757:
662:
646:
605:
540:
Bulgarian scholars have and continue to widely consider Macedonian part of the
441:
2383:. Department of Slavic and East European Languages, The Ohio State University.
2128:
F. A. K. Yasamee "NATIONALITY IN THE BALKANS: THE CASE OF THE MACEDONIANS" in
918:
588:
dialect by Bulgarian scholars, historians and politicians alike including the
3476:
830:
744:
in Macedonia existed long before the earliest articulations of the idea that
3191:
3094:(in French), vol. 1, Louvain: Peeters, pp. 167–190, archived from
3079:
3059:
2493:
3164:
2506:
2455:
2255:
A letter from the Centarl Committee of the Bulgarian Workers' Party to Tito
1960:
1537:
1259:
1232:
891:
544:. In many Bulgarian and international sources before the World War II, the
2902:
1110:", seeing it as an implicit territorial claim on the whole of the region.
861:
of the Macedonian. Officially Bulgaria continued to support the idea of a
527:, but was never used and eventually most copies were destroyed. Professor
493:
2073:
Narodne pesme makedonski bugara (Folk Songs of the Macedonian Bulgarians)
1392:
1288:
474:, and in Bulgarian, pursuant the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
128:
2727:
LSE Conference Paper; Greece: Prospects for Modernisation, London, 1994.
1666:
The Earliest Stage of Language Planning: The "First Congress" Phenomenon
1003:
and the Macedonian language do not exist and that they were a result of
2658:
1083:
887:
813:
749:
514:, the period after 1948 saw its rejection and restricted domestic use.
3176:И. И. Калиганов, "Размышления о македонском "срезе" палеоболгаристики"
3017:
Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville (2002), "The Macedonian language",
2698:"Pardon? A Name for a Conflict? FYROM's Dispute with Greece Revisited"
2600:"Skopje, Sofia Not Speaking Same Language When It Comes To Macedonian"
2195:Доц. д-р Петър Галчин "МАКЕДОНСКИ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕН КРЪЖОК (1938–1941 г.)" ,
1366:
1004:
984:
2916:
The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World
2000:
The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World
1811:"Agreement between Bulgaria and Yugoslavia for mutual legal defense"
1699:
The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world
1361:
Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language
959:
Most Bulgarian linguists consider the Slavic dialects spoken in the
709:
1271:
674:
519:
498:
407:
2148:Общественно-политическое развитие Македонии в 50-70-е гг XIX века
1338:
Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian
1283:, consisting of the 'Western' and 'Central Macedonian' subgroups.
1048:
972:
782:
725:
2802:Τα απόρρητα αρχεία που κατέθεσε στη Βουλή ο Νίκος Κοτζιάς (pics)
2541:, Author Bernard A. Cook, Publisher Taylor & Francis, 2001,
733:
2437:
1770:
Kontrastive Linguistik und Fremdsprachendidaktik Iberoromanisch
1515:
1141:
1040:
765:
761:
524:
411:
717:
2443:
1873:"Bulgaria Sets Tough Terms for North Macedonia's EU Progress"
1525:
1348:
Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Montenegro
1144:
officially recognises Macedonian as a separate language from
1011:. This formulation was detailed in 1978 in a document of the
910:, who advocates for a distinct Macedonian literary language.
3088:"Faut-il que les langues aient un nom? Le cas du macédonien"
1148:. In the 2002 census c.26,000 people declared themselves as
760:
rule, the Slav-speaking people of the geographic regions of
1043:
point of view, there is only one true meaning for the term
673:(Bulgarian) or "Macedonian" in some parts of the region of
2412:"1999/02/22 23:50 Bulgaria Recognises Macedonian Language"
2289:
Mahon, M. (1998) "The Macedonian question in Bulgaria" in
1453:"1999/02/22 23:50 Bulgaria Recognizes Macedonian Language"
1343:
Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova
1522:
The unity of the Bulgarian language in the past and today
898:
regarded all Slavic Macedonians as Bulgarians. However,
452:. It was standardized in Yugoslavia in 1945 based on the
3092:
Le nom des langues. L'enjeu de la nomination des langues
2478:(in Bulgarian). София: Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов".
681:("Bulgarian") in some parts of Dolna Prespa along with
2880:"Μάθετε τις πιο σημαντικές λέξεις στα σλαβομακεδονικά!"
788:
Some prominent Bulgarian educators from Macedonia like
3167:ДОКУМЕНТИ ЗА СЪЧИНЯВАНЕТО НА МАКЕДОНСКИЯ КНИЖОВЕН ЕЗИК
2509:ДОКУМЕНТИ ЗА СЪЧИНЯВАНЕТО НА МАКЕДОНСКИЯ КНИЖОВЕН ЕЗИК
2336:
Encyclopædia Britannica - Old Church Slavonic language
2150:, Российская Академия наук, Москва 2004, стр. 85-136.
1622:
440:
sub-group; they in turn form a broader continuum with
991:, who in 1945 participated in the Commission for the
838:
foster a separate Macedonian nationality and language
2999:
The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol. 1
2774:Τα απόρρητα έγγραφα που κατέθεσε ο Κοτζιάς για ΠΓΔΜ)
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2353:
Misirkov, K. "On the Macedonian Matters", Sofia 1903
2186:, "The liberation struggle of the Macedonian people"
1618:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: Book VIII. pp. 201–205.
1616:Речник на костурския говор, Българска диалектология
2913:
2560:"Makedonski Pregled - 1991 No 1 - K. Tsyrnushanov"
2525:Македонизмът и съпротивата на Македония срещу него
2306:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
2270:"От "интернационализъм" към национализъм – част 1"
2023:Denying ethnic identity: The Macedonians of Greece
1952:Denying ethnic identity: The Macedonians of Greece
1323:Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union
1035:" (1875) - "Slavo-Macedonian" - Albanian - Turkish
478:accession of North Macedonia to the European Union
3135:The Fathering of the Macedonian Literary Language
2669:(Folklore of Florina and Kastoria), Athens 1996:
2468:
2356:
1734:Български деалектни текстове от Егейска Македония
1731:
1662:
3474:
3267:
3204:"Кодификација на македонскиот литературен јазик"
2527:, Унив. изд. "Св. Климент Охридски", София, 1992
2475:Българска диалектология (Bulgarian dialectology)
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2440:Единството на българския език в миналото и днес
1732:Shklifov, Blagoy; Shklifova, Ekaterina (2003).
1663:Fishman, Joshua A.; de Gruyter, Walter (1993).
1603:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: Kacharmazov. p. 14.
1518:Единството на българския език в миналото и днес
1074:Demetrius Andreas Floudas, Senior Associate of
1071:in his book "A Dictionary of Three languages".
936:Elections for a constituent assembly in October
820:.The term's first recorded use is from 1887 by
577:
2222:Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question
2182:, Библиотека Балканска Федерация, № 1, Виена;
2086:Bulgarian Folk Songs (Български народни песни)
1924:[Charter for the Macedonian language]
1763:
1761:
535:
3248:
3016:
2276:
2264:
2262:
1870:
1738:Bulgarian dialect texts from Aegean Macedonia
1582:
1580:
1550:
1318:A language is a dialect with an army and navy
410:and the name of the language was disputed by
383:
3106:International Journal of Applied Linguistics
2180:Борбите на македонския народ за освобождение
2142:
2140:
2138:
1852:. Bulgarian National Radio. 12 November 2019
1740:] (in Bulgarian). Sofia. pp. 28–36.
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1333:Centre for the Macedonian Language in Greece
748:might form a separate ethnic group from the
3194:Из историята на нашето езиково строителство
2946:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)
2941:"Macedonia and the language of nationalism"
2651:
2025:. Helsinki Human Rights Watch. p. 37.
1813:. Държавен вестник No 16. February 22, 1967
1758:
3255:
3241:
3029:(2001), Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl (eds.),
2918:. Princeton University Press. p. 67.
2781:(in Greek). The Press Project. 6 June 2018
2259:
1750:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1727:
1725:
1702:. Princeton University Press. p. 67.
1577:
390:
376:
2135:
1871:Jakov Marusic, Sinisa (10 October 2019).
1483:
1078:, explains that it was only in 1944 that
999:only seven days prior to his death, that
721:Ioakim Karchovski's vernacular book, 1814
472:Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia
402:The existence and distinctiveness of the
3102:
3065:
3025:
2938:
2597:
2438:Institute of Bulgarian Language (1978).
2433:
2431:
2130:Balkans: A Mirror of the New World Order
1908:
1896:
1890:
1695:
1613:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1544:
1516:Institute of Bulgarian Language (1978).
1302:Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
1159:
1026:
917:
732:
724:
716:
708:
492:
468:which used the euphemistic formulation:
3212:
3206:, Дневник, 1339, сабота, 18 март 2006.
3048:Language Problems and Language Planning
2462:
2020:
1930:Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
1767:
1722:
1669:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 161–162.
1094:regional nomenclature) the new name of
3475:
3085:
3042:
2860:(in Macedonian). Кајгана. 12 June 2018
2582:
1571:
1500:
1047:, and that is in reference to ancient
806:, published on 18 January 1871 in the
704:
546:Eastern South Slavic dialect continuum
3236:
2996:
2428:
2167:Как пишеха народните будители и герои
1965:
1155:
483:
2375:
2242:Conflict and Chaos in Eastern Europe
2132:, Istanbul: EREN, 1995; pp. 121-132.
1996:
1914:
1511:
1509:
926:, written in 1762 by Macedonia-born
2939:Danforth, Loring (April 12, 2008).
2914:Loring M. Danforth (6 April 1997).
2713:
2695:
1643:United Nations Human Rights Council
993:Creation of the Macedonian Alphabet
873:
13:
3493:Bulgaria–North Macedonia relations
3119:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00031.x
3038:, New York: Holt, pp. 435–439
3021:, New York: Routledge Publications
2598:Synovitz, Ron (16 December 2018).
2538:Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia
2244:, Palgrave Macmillan, 1995, p. 143
1954:Helsinki Human Rights Watch. p.39
1354:Declaration on the Common Language
913:
618:Macedonian language naming dispute
14:
3519:
3184:А.М.Селищев, "Македонские говоры"
3126:
2884:www.17-minute-world-languages.com
2667:Laografika Florinas kai Kastorias
1772:(in German). Gunter Narr Verlag.
1506:
713:Marko Teodorrovich's Primer, 1792
611:
3498:Greece–North Macedonia relations
3375:
2084:Miladinov, D. and Miladinov, K.
1377:Latinisation in the Soviet Union
1216:(or Eastern Macedonian dialects)
1205:Southeastern Macedonian dialects
1136:
350:
30:
2990:
2980:
2967:
2958:
2932:
2907:
2896:
2872:
2846:
2821:
2793:
2765:
2743:
2738:Journal of Modern Greek Studies
2730:
2707:
2689:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2604:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2591:
2576:
2552:
2530:
2517:
2500:
2404:
2387:
2347:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2298:
2247:
2234:
2214:
2202:
2189:
2172:
2160:
2122:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2078:
2065:
2039:
2014:
1990:
1944:
1922:"Повелба за македонскиот јазик"
1902:
1864:
1842:
1825:
1803:
1786:
1689:
1656:
1607:
1224:Northwestern Bulgarian dialects
1214:Southwestern Bulgarian dialects
1051:and the modern Greek region of
1033:A Dictionary of Three languages
624:Greek-Macedonian naming dispute
3009:
2997:Asher, Ronald E., ed. (1994).
2224:, Archon Books, 1971, p. 137.
1565:
1556:
1466:
1445:
1428:
1410:
1096:People's Republic of Macedonia
1022:
488:
1:
3165:Ив. Кочев и Ив. Александров,
2809:(in Greek). CNN. 18 June 2018
2507:Ив. Кочев и Ив. Александров,
2448:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
1530:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
1403:
1013:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
997:Bulgarian National Television
812:newspaper in Constantinople,
695:Government of North Macedonia
594:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
548:covering the area of today's
2714:Floudas, Demetrius Andreas.
2696:Floudas, Demetrius Andreas.
2295:. Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 389-407
2199:, София, бр. 1 & 2, 2002
1696:Danforth, Loring M. (1995).
1645:. 2009-02-18. Archived from
1184:Northern Macedonian dialects
785:that were most represented.
7:
3488:Politics of North Macedonia
2753:. Skai Channel. 3 June 2018
1311:
1281:Western Macedonian dialects
880:St. Cyril and St. Methodius
850:Balkan Communist Federation
756:. Throughout the period of
693:signed in 2018 between the
536:Autonomous language dispute
470:in Macedonian, pursuant to
264:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
88:Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
23:Politics of North Macedonia
10:
3524:
2740:Vol. 14, pp. 253–302.
1398:Spread of the Latin script
1292:their Slavic neighbours".
924:Slavonic-Bulgarian History
615:
357:North Macedonia portal
3424:
3394:Geographical distribution
3384:
3373:
3277:
3268:
2587:. Veliko Tarnovo: Litera.
2470:Стойков (Stoykov), Стойко
1928:(in Macedonian). Skopje:
1614:Shklifov, Blagoy (1977).
1599:Shklifov, Blagoy (1995).
1551:Comrie & Corbett 2002
1064:
928:Saint Paisius of Hilendar
752:in Danubian Bulgaria and
666:
650:
578:
523:was published in 1925 in
444:through the transitional
3503:Linguistic controversies
3442:Macedonian Sign Language
3086:Seriot, Patrick (1997),
3001:. Pergamon. p. 429.
2801:
2773:
2326:Palmer and King, p. 163.
2220:Palmer, S. and R. King,
1768:Reimann, Daniel (2014).
1197: Central Macedonian
1191: Western Macedonian
950:Agreement for Friendship
884:Slavic literacy language
669:, "local/indigenous "),
579:македонска езикова форма
454:central-western dialects
232:Administrative divisions
3080:10.1179/sla.1999.5.1.46
3060:10.1075/lplp.23.3.03kra
2317:Palmer and King, p. 126
2292:Nations and Nationalism
799:The Macedonian Question
3019:The Slavonic Languages
2835:(in Greek). 2018-06-08
2686:
2678:Greek Helsinki Monitor
2674:
2583:Mitewa, Yulia (2001).
2308:. Issue 131. pp. 31-57
2021:Whitman, Lois (1994).
1638:Greek Helsinki Monitor
1524:] (in Bulgarian).
1384:(including Macedonism)
1382:Macedonian nationalism
1372:Hindi–Urdu controversy
1285:
1076:Hughes Hall, Cambridge
1065:σλαβομακεδονική γλώσσα
1036:
965:Bulgarian dialect area
931:
863:Macedonian unification
804:Petko Rachev Slaveykov
738:
730:
722:
714:
590:Government of Bulgaria
558:Macedonian nationalism
542:Bulgarian dialect area
502:
497:The front page of the
280:Diplomatic missions of
3213:Karatsareas, Petros.
2682:
2670:
1950:Lois Whitman (1994):
1388:Pluricentric language
1328:Bulgarian nationalism
1163:
1108:Republic of Macedonia
1086:(officially known as
1030:
1017:Republic of Macedonia
921:
908:Krste Petkov Misirkov
736:
729:Konikovo Gospel, 1852
728:
720:
712:
496:
65:Language and politics
3202:Стојан Киселиновски
2977:, Harrassowitz, 1966
2975:Slavische Etymologie
2716:"'Macedonia Nostra'"
2564:www.promacedonia.org
2240:Dennis P. Hupchick,
2053:. Meta. 12 June 2018
1997:Danforth, Loring M.
1166:Eastern South Slavic
987:politician from the
737:Kulakia Gospel, 1863
699:Government of Greece
602:Eastern South Slavic
438:Eastern South Slavic
3483:Macedonian language
3264:Macedonian language
3192:Любомир Андрейчин,
3098:on 5 September 2001
1277:Standard Macedonian
989:region of Macedonia
983:, writer, poet and
961:region of Macedonia
882:'s introduction of
705:Historical overview
598:autonomous language
426:Macedonian dialects
404:Macedonian language
3447:Macedonian kinship
3437:Bible translations
3432:Macedonian studies
3356:Macedonian writers
3133:Otto Kronsteiner,
2973:Friedrich Scholz,
2779:thepressproject.gr
2523:Коста Църнушанов,
2376:Friedman, Victor.
2341:2007-12-21 at the
2197:Македонски Преглед
2071:Verković, Stjepan
1574:, pp. 270–271
1286:
1256:Standard Bulgarian
1175:Torlakian dialects
1156:Views of linguists
1088:Vardarska banovina
1037:
1001:ethnic Macedonians
932:
843:Dennis P. Hupchick
790:Parteniy Zografski
739:
731:
723:
715:
689:("old"). With the
572:; i.e. Bulgarian.
503:
484:Overview of issues
434:Bulgarian dialects
284:in North Macedonia
100:Hristijan Mickoski
3470:
3469:
3367:Spoken Macedonian
3141:James F. Clarke,
3044:Kramer, Christina
1932:. 3 December 2019
1284:
1272:Eastern Bulgarian
1168:dialectal area.
1123:Evangelos Averoff
1106:the former name "
1100:western Bulgarian
969:dialect continuum
963:as a part of the
945:Joint Declaration
940:Tito–Stalin split
855:Tito–Stalin split
585:Joint Declaration
466:Joint Declaration
456:of the region of
414:. By signing the
400:
399:
302:Visa requirements
257:Foreign relations
219:Political parties
150:Recent elections
3515:
3379:
3271:
3270:
3269:македонски јазик
3257:
3250:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3219:The Conversation
3209:
3199:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3161:
3153:
3121:
3099:
3082:
3062:
3039:
3037:
3027:Friedman, Victor
3022:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2911:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2747:
2741:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2687:
2663:Slavomacedonians
2655:
2649:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2556:
2550:
2534:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2442:(in Bulgarian).
2435:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2408:
2402:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2302:
2296:
2287:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2238:
2232:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2146:Струкова, К. П.
2144:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2076:
2075:. Beograd, 1860.
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1975:. Archived from
1969:
1963:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1846:
1840:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1807:
1801:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1634:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1513:
1504:
1498:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1449:
1443:
1432:
1426:
1414:
1279:is based on the
1258:is based on the
1254:
1251:Moesian dialects
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1211:
1202:
1196:
1190:
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874:Macedonian views
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794:Kuzman Shapkarev
746:Macedonian Slavs
742:Bulgarian ethnos
691:Prespa agreement
685:("our own") and
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948:signed another
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554:Northern Greece
550:North Macedonia
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508:interwar period
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3222:. Retrieved
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3187:(in Russian)
3179:(in Russian)
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2003:. p. 62
1999:
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1977:the original
1967:
1961:Google Books
1955:
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1876:
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1233:Rup dialects
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315:EU accession
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53:Human rights
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3329:Orthography
3322:Month names
3290:Conjugation
3010:Works cited
2858:kajgana.com
1911:, p. ?
1899:, p. ?
1817:January 13,
1572:Seriot 1997
1503:, p. ?
1501:Kramer 1999
1393:Yugoslavism
1289:Horace Lunt
1150:Macedonians
1023:Greek views
639:makedoniski
600:within the
489:Recognition
307:Visa policy
205: [
129:Afrim Gashi
114:Legislature
58:LGBT rights
3477:Categories
3351:Literature
3317:Onomastics
2889:2020-11-02
2839:2022-02-27
2833:ProtoThema
2807:www.cnn.gr
2659:pejorative
2569:2022-02-27
2421:2022-02-27
2399:0080877753
2032:1564321320
2007:2014-08-07
1983:2009-01-12
1837:0810872021
1798:0893572985
1715:2014-08-07
1682:2014-08-07
1478:1475841523
1459:2014-08-07
1440:0893572985
1423:902727391X
1404:References
1090:under the
1084:Yugoslavia
896:Byzantines
888:Glagolitic
818:Macedonism
814:Macedonism
809:Makedoniya
750:Bulgarians
671:balgàrtzki
635:makedonski
629:Macedonian
562:balgàrtzki
268:Minister:
3399:in Greece
3307:Phonology
3068:Slavonica
2813:24 August
2785:23 August
2680:reports:
2472:(2002) .
2401:, p. 664.
1800:, p. 201.
1746:cite book
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1425:, p. 314.
1367:Digraphia
1146:Bulgarian
1053:Macedonia
1045:Macedonia
1039:From the
1005:Comintern
985:Communist
770:Macedonia
679:bògartski
458:Macedonia
450:Bulgarian
446:Torlakian
430:continuum
144:Elections
125:President
83:President
77:Executive
3406:Northern
3386:Dialects
3363:Standard
3300:Numerals
3295:Pronouns
3278:Features
3224:19 April
2987:142-171.
2609:13 April
2549:, p 187.
2494:53429452
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1936:18 March
1882:18 March
1856:20 March
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973:dialects
934:In 1946
697:and the
687:stariski
675:Kastoria
592:and the
570:bugàrski
566:bùgarski
520:Abecedar
499:Abecedar
408:Bulgaria
297:Passport
120:Assembly
3416:Western
3346:History
3334:Braille
3312:Lexicon
3285:Grammar
2864:12 June
2456:6430481
2057:12 June
2051:Meta.mk
1538:6430481
1268:Moesian
1104:rejects
1049:Macedon
783:Plovdiv
758:Ottoman
667:εντόπια
659:entópia
651:σλαβικά
643:slaviká
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2381:(PDF)
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1526:Sofia
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2490:OCLC
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