73:
33:
47:
359:
Some sources give the date as 15 December. Since the western and eastern hemispheres are conjoined at the South Pole, both dates can be considered as correct, though
Amundsen gives 14 December, both in his first telegraphed report on arrival in Hobart, and in his fuller account,
209:; uncertain of the extent to which the public and his backers would support him, he kept this revised objective secret. When he set out in June 1910, he led even his crew to believe they were embarking on an Arctic drift, and revealed their true Antarctic destination only when
124:, respectively. Historically, this was accomplished by explorers making often arduous travels on foot or by sled in these regions, known as a polar expedition. More recently, exploration has been accomplished with technology, particularly with
205:, and undertook extensive fundraising. Preparations for this expedition were disrupted when Cook and Peary each claimed to have reached the North Pole. Amundsen then changed his plan and began to prepare for a conquest of the
157:. However, due to harsh weather conditions, the poles themselves would not be reached for centuries after that. When they finally were reached, the achievement was realized only a few years apart.
2911:
330:
172:
men, Ahwelah and
Etukishook claimed to have reached the Pole on April 21, 1908, although this claim is generally doubted. On April 6, 1909,
230:. Amundsen and his team returned safely to their base, and later learned that Scott and his four companions had died on their return journey.
254:
86:
2073:
396:
72:
1034:
274:
3454:
669:
677:
3029:
2035:
448:
2626:
2224:
1812:
3418:
1364:
2229:
219:, with Amundsen and four others, arrived at the pole on 14 December 1911, five weeks ahead of a British party led by
3312:
2993:
2815:
2705:
2474:
1063:
1012:
216:
2763:
2344:
2283:
2786:
338:
2864:
17:
3095:
3081:
3055:
2892:
863:
389:
1786:
2918:
2888:
1231:
1221:
805:
507:
2529:
195:
had planned to reach the North Pole by means of an extended drift in an icebound ship. He obtained the use of
2691:
2201:
1334:
2600:
2486:
2329:
1375:
836:
604:
3048:
2670:
2504:
2445:
2399:
628:
517:
3505:
3408:
2133:
2107:
2100:
1551:
1452:
1444:
1427:
1045:
591:
443:
382:
1840:
3231:
2841:
2537:
2336:
2121:
2003:
1806:
1688:
1539:
1388:
1326:
1313:
1186:
912:
564:
334:
308:
3381:
2972:
2966:
2884:
2758:
2543:
2269:
2145:
1995:
1883:
1667:
683:
3448:
3111:
2264:
2138:
2058:
1567:
1394:
596:
249:
3386:
2952:
884:
2219:
300:
3391:
3360:
3165:
3118:
3017:
2821:
2740:
2683:
2432:
2426:
2276:
2234:
2196:
2176:
1771:
1546:
1382:
1292:
1274:
1191:
1162:
1152:
1040:
977:
751:
239:
224:
206:
161:
1432:
3245:
3237:
3180:
2768:
2632:
2558:
2550:
2350:
2290:
2249:
1862:
1853:
1724:
1719:
1623:
1487:
1244:
1206:
813:
583:
551:
495:
475:
278:
148:
32:
2613:
1018:
1001:
8:
3366:
3288:
2753:
2676:
2592:
2373:
2365:
2314:
1954:
1912:
1407:
1370:
1259:
1023:
893:
696:
501:
220:
77:
1006:
3087:
2979:
2960:
2524:
2499:
2041:
1935:
1899:
1875:
1766:
1613:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1480:
1458:
1437:
1318:
1308:
1055:
943:
871:
544:
535:
527:
438:
418:
244:
3459:
3265:
3259:
3215:
3200:
3129:
3101:
3009:
2946:
2856:
2828:
2808:
2746:
2654:
2618:
2492:
2459:
2452:
2405:
2387:
2304:
2053:
1922:
1870:
1776:
1729:
1657:
1646:
1358:
1348:
1340:
1236:
1226:
1137:
1132:
1115:
1081:
948:
935:
756:
662:
620:
615:
125:
90:
3476:
3208:
2900:
2780:
2606:
2579:
2519:
2394:
2324:
2309:
2048:
1977:
1972:
1946:
1941:
1823:
1746:
1699:
1466:
1286:
1251:
1147:
1142:
1076:
990:
772:
764:
650:
570:
522:
512:
485:
177:
132:
46:
160:
There are two claims, both disputed, about who was the first persons to reach the
3466:
3413:
3398:
3304:
3299:
3223:
3188:
3124:
3023:
2938:
2905:
2637:
2420:
2412:
2381:
2297:
2257:
2011:
1967:
1907:
1831:
1801:
1796:
1756:
1734:
1682:
1618:
1608:
1559:
1281:
1266:
1119:
1088:
1050:
800:
728:
722:
645:
610:
470:
196:
154:
136:
82:
1989:
3440:
3423:
3376:
3335:
3325:
3294:
3153:
3143:
3035:
2985:
2850:
2800:
2773:
2718:
2514:
2509:
2358:
2211:
2065:
2027:
1984:
1917:
1891:
1845:
1818:
1791:
1761:
1704:
1662:
1652:
1532:
1525:
1422:
1402:
1214:
1174:
1105:
901:
876:
831:
795:
789:
781:
741:
736:
710:
690:
458:
192:
181:
165:
54:
50:
3499:
3403:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3280:
3275:
3251:
3195:
3072:
3066:
3061:
2660:
2571:
2564:
2319:
2114:
2093:
1961:
1739:
1709:
1677:
1672:
1509:
1415:
1298:
1093:
906:
856:
849:
841:
746:
655:
490:
109:
105:
62:
58:
3434:
3428:
3040:
3004:
2870:
2697:
2647:
2586:
2440:
2128:
2079:
1929:
1751:
1714:
1694:
1635:
1169:
1157:
1100:
1028:
929:
826:
820:
717:
705:
578:
556:
480:
433:
173:
140:
36:
3471:
3371:
3319:
3137:
2924:
2712:
2087:
2019:
1781:
1640:
1603:
1503:
1495:
1303:
639:
201:
101:
3270:
3173:
3157:
2999:
2932:
2833:
2242:
2191:
2151:
1473:
1199:
1127:
1069:
462:
430:
121:
117:
113:
66:
40:
2792:
1629:
1181:
964:
374:
2724:
3351:
2731:
996:
972:
960:
185:
144:
27:
Scientific exploration or research of arctic or antarctic regions
1518:
1597:
922:
983:
255:
List of civil awards and decorations § Polar exploration
169:
2188:
180:
to reach the North Pole, accompanied by his employee
116: – particularly with the goal of reaching the
3497:
267:
213:was leaving their last port of call, Madeira.
390:
397:
383:
277:. Quark Expeditions. 2004. Archived from
3455:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
323:
71:
45:
31:
3030:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
293:
14:
3498:
2174:
416:
404:
378:
305:Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
2816:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1013:Norse colonization of North America
39:and sledge party with flags at the
24:
2345:United States Exploring Expedition
176:claimed to be the first person in
25:
3517:
3419:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
2787:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
275:"Arctic Exploration – Chronology"
3313:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2706:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
217:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
135:theorized that the planet was a
353:
13:
1:
2692:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2627:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2175:
260:
153:, which notes a hypothetical
3049:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
2865:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
2671:French Antarctic Expeditions
2601:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2487:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
605:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
7:
2134:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
1813:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
678:Andrée's balloon expedition
233:
10:
3522:
1335:Franklin's lost expedition
1035:Christian IV's expeditions
417:
199:'s polar exploration ship
184:and four Inuit men Ootah,
3152:
2883:
2470:
2210:
2187:
2183:
2170:
1689:Great Northern Expedition
1583:
1365:Rae–Richardson expedition
1114:
959:
565:British Arctic Expedition
457:
429:
425:
412:
335:The Canadian Encyclopedia
309:Columbia University Press
188:, Egingway, and Ooqueah.
155:Terra Australis Incognita
2973:British Antarctic Survey
2967:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2212:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
3449:Pole of inaccessibility
3112:Antarctic Treaty System
1453:2nd Grinnell expedition
366:The Last Place on Earth
250:List of polar explorers
131:From 600 BC to 300 BC,
85:, 1809. It depicts the
337:. 2006. Archived from
94:
69:
43:
3119:Transglobe Expedition
3018:Operation Deep Freeze
2427:Challenger expedition
1293:Coppermine expedition
814:Drifting ice stations
341:on September 30, 2007
281:on September 11, 2006
240:Antarctic exploration
207:geographic South Pole
168:, accompanied by two
162:geographic North Pole
139:with North and South
75:
49:
35:
108:of Earth – the
3289:South magnetic pole
1955:Brusilov expedition
1064:Danish colonization
502:North magnetic pole
221:Robert Falcon Scott
191:Norwegian explorer
78:Nelson and the Bear
2980:Operation Windmill
2961:Operation Highjump
1936:Rusanov expedition
1841:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1585:North East Passage
1389:McClure expedition
245:Arctic exploration
143:. By 150 AD,
133:Greek philosophers
100:is the process of
95:
70:
44:
3506:Polar exploration
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
2947:Operation Tabarin
2809:Far Eastern Party
2655:Nimrod Expedition
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
1725:M. Pronchishcheva
1647:Siberian Cossacks
1116:Northwest Passage
449:Research stations
406:Polar exploration
126:satellite imagery
98:Polar exploration
91:Northwest Passage
16:(Redirected from
3513:
2994:Ronne Expedition
2479:
2473:
2337:Dumont d'Urville
2185:
2184:
2172:
2171:
1720:V. Pronchishchev
427:
426:
414:
413:
399:
392:
385:
376:
375:
369:
357:
351:
350:
348:
346:
327:
321:
320:
318:
316:
297:
291:
290:
288:
286:
271:
178:recorded history
89:to discover the
21:
18:Polar expedition
3521:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3481:
3156:
3148:
3024:McMurdo Station
2893:Modern research
2891:
2879:
2614:O. Nordenskjöld
2477:
2471:
2466:
2382:Ross expedition
2206:
2179:
2158:
1587:
1579:
1120:Northern Canada
1118:
1110:
963:
955:
461:
453:
421:
408:
403:
373:
372:
368:(1985), p. 511.
358:
354:
344:
342:
329:
328:
324:
314:
312:
299:
298:
294:
284:
282:
273:
272:
268:
263:
236:
223:as part of the
197:Fridtjof Nansen
137:Spherical Earth
87:1773 expedition
83:Richard Westall
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3519:
3509:
3508:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3441:Vostok Station
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3392:Cherry-Garrard
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3232:Southern Cross
3228:
3227:
3226:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3162:
3160:
3154:Farthest South
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3115:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3026:
3021:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2969:
2964:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2851:Ross Sea party
2847:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2812:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2651:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2545:Southern Cross
2538:Southern Cross
2534:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2482:
2480:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2403:
2397:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2284:Bellingshausen
2274:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2181:
2180:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2131:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2016:
2015:
2014:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1589:Russian Arctic
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1031:
1026:
1024:Snæbjörn galti
1021:
1016:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
987:
980:
975:
969:
967:
957:
956:
954:
953:
952:
951:
946:
941:
926:
919:
909:
904:
899:
891:
881:
880:
879:
874:
860:
853:
846:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
817:
810:
809:
808:
803:
798:
786:
785:
784:
770:
761:
760:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
725:
720:
715:
714:
713:
708:
693:
688:
687:
686:
674:
673:
672:
660:
659:
658:
653:
648:
643:
625:
624:
623:
618:
613:
601:
600:
599:
594:
589:
581:
576:
561:
560:
559:
554:
549:
532:
531:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
467:
465:
459:Farthest North
455:
454:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
423:
422:
410:
409:
402:
401:
394:
387:
379:
371:
370:
362:The South Pole
352:
322:
292:
265:
264:
262:
259:
258:
257:
252:
247:
242:
235:
232:
193:Roald Amundsen
182:Matthew Henson
166:Frederick Cook
55:Helmer Hanssen
51:Roald Amundsen
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3518:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:Discovery Hut
2570:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2102:A. Sibiryakov
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:Glavsevmorput
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1376:J. Richardson
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:M. Corte-Real
1136:
1134:
1133:G. Corte-Real
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:C. Richardson
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:
988:
986:
985:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
968:
966:
962:
958:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
938:
934:
933:
932:
931:
927:
925:
924:
920:
918:
917:
916:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
897:
892:
890:
889:
888:
882:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
867:
866:
865:Georgiy Sedov
861:
859:
858:
854:
852:
851:
847:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
822:
818:
816:
815:
811:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
791:
787:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
776:
771:
769:
768:
767:
762:
758:
755:
753:
752:Riiser-Larsen
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
732:
731:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
702:
701:
700:
694:
692:
689:
685:
682:
681:
680:
679:
675:
671:
668:
667:
666:
665:
661:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
641:
637:
636:
635:
634:
632:
626:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
607:
606:
602:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
587:
582:
580:
577:
575:
574:
569:
568:
567:
566:
562:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:
543:
542:
541:
540:
538:
533:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
504:
503:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
424:
420:
415:
411:
407:
400:
395:
393:
388:
386:
381:
380:
377:
367:
363:
356:
340:
336:
332:
326:
310:
306:
302:
301:"Arctic, The"
296:
280:
276:
270:
266:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
231:
229:
227:
222:
218:
214:
212:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:polar regions
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:Arctic region
107:
106:polar regions
103:
99:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:
74:
68:
64:
63:Oscar Wisting
60:
59:Sverre Hassel
56:
52:
48:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
3447:
3435:Pole of Cold
3433:
3359:
3350:
3318:
3311:
3287:
3258:
3244:
3238:Borchgrevink
3230:
3217:
3202:
3182:
3167:
3136:
3117:
3110:
3094:
3080:
3071:
3054:
3047:
3028:
3016:
2992:
2978:
2971:
2959:
2945:
2931:
2917:
2910:
2871:
2863:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2822:
2814:
2807:
2794:
2785:
2747:
2739:
2730:
2723:
2711:
2704:
2690:
2678:Pourquoi-Pas
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2648:Orcadas Base
2646:
2638:
2625:
2619:C. A. Larsen
2607:
2599:
2585:
2578:
2565:
2557:
2551:Borchgrevink
2544:
2536:
2493:
2485:
2460:C. A. Larsen
2453:
2434:
2425:
2407:
2389:
2380:
2367:
2352:
2343:
2330:
2291:
2277:
2270:
2251:
2236:
2146:
2139:
2122:
2115:
2101:
2086:
2072:
2059:
2034:
2020:
2018:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1960:
1953:
1934:
1900:
1898:
1884:
1882:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1832:
1830:
1811:
1687:
1645:
1628:
1596:
1560:
1558:
1538:
1537:
1517:
1516:
1502:
1489:
1474:
1460:
1451:
1438:
1409:
1397:Investigator
1396:
1387:
1363:
1350:
1342:
1333:
1320:
1291:
1268:
1253:
1238:
1208:
1193:
1163:
1082:
1062:
1033:
1029:Erik the Red
1011:
989:
982:
939:submersibles
936:
930:Arktika 2007
928:
921:
914:
911:
895:
886:
883:
864:
862:
855:
848:
819:
812:
788:
774:
773:
765:
763:
729:
727:
698:
695:
684:S. A. Andrée
676:
663:
638:
630:
627:
603:
585:
572:
563:
545:
536:
534:
500:
405:
365:
364:. Huntford,
361:
355:
343:. Retrieved
339:the original
331:"North Pole"
325:
313:. Retrieved
304:
295:
283:. Retrieved
279:the original
269:
225:
215:
210:
200:
190:
174:Robert Peary
159:
149:
130:
97:
96:
76:
37:Robert Peary
29:
3138:Lake Vostok
3088:Tryoshnikov
3010:Schlossbach
2901:Christensen
2843:James Caird
2764:E. R. Evans
2530:Dobrowolski
2500:de Gerlache
2202:Expeditions
2088:Aviaarktika
2042:Samoylovich
1913:Kolomeitsev
1807:Middendorff
1767:Gedenshtrom
1187:I. Fyodorov
949:Chilingarov
837:E. Fyodorov
444:Expeditions
345:October 20,
315:October 19,
285:October 19,
102:exploration
3361:Terra Nova
3266:Shackleton
3209:J. C. Ross
3168:Resolution
3158:South Pole
2933:New Swabia
2857:Mackintosh
2829:Shackleton
2748:Terra Nova
2741:Terra Nova
2475:Heroic Age
2435:Challenger
2395:J. C. Ross
2305:Bransfield
2237:Resolution
2152:icebreaker
2116:Chelyuskin
1857:expedition
1835:Expedition
1777:Matyushkin
1735:Kh. Laptev
1730:Chelyuskin
1624:Heemskerck
1614:Chancellor
1609:Willoughby
1604:Koch boats
1547:Stefansson
1481:McClintock
1445:Inglefield
1287:J. C. Ross
1194:Resolution
1046:Cunningham
944:Sagalevich
633:expedition
592:Stephenson
552:C. F. Hall
539:expedition
513:J. C. Ross
476:Heemskerck
463:North Pole
261:References
228:expedition
226:Terra Nova
150:Geographia
147:published
122:South Pole
118:North Pole
114:Antarctica
67:South Pole
41:North Pole
3460:Tolstikov
3246:Discovery
3216:HMS
3201:HMS
3183:Adventure
3181:HMS
3166:HMS
3102:Tolstikov
2823:Endurance
2608:Antarctic
2593:Drygalski
2566:Discovery
2559:Discovery
2520:Arctowski
2433:HMS
2406:HMS
2400:Abernethy
2388:HMS
2366:USS
2353:Vincennes
2351:USS
2331:Astrolabe
2271:San Telmo
2252:Adventure
2250:HMS
2235:HMS
2230:Kerguelen
2192:Continent
2177:Antarctic
2054:Urvantsev
2012:Vilkitsky
1865:Jeannette
1863:USS
1855:Jeannette
1819:Weyprecht
1797:Pakhtusov
1747:Chichagov
1740:D. Laptev
1683:Permyakov
1658:Stadukhin
1653:Perfilyev
1630:Mangazeya
1568:H. Larsen
1533:Rasmussen
1488:HMS
1459:USS
1408:HMS
1395:HMS
1359:Collinson
1349:HMS
1341:HMS
1319:HMS
1267:HMS
1252:HMS
1237:HMS
1222:Mackenzie
1209:Discovery
1207:HMS
1192:HMS
1164:Discovery
1143:Frobisher
1106:Rasmussen
1019:Gunnbjörn
965:Greenland
894:USS
885:USS
757:Ellsworth
699:Roosevelt
629:Nansen's
586:Discovery
584:HMS
571:HMS
518:Abernethy
486:Marmaduke
3500:Category
3472:A. Fuchs
3429:V. Fuchs
3409:McKinley
3372:E. Evans
3331:Bjaaland
3326:Amundsen
3276:Marshall
3189:Furneaux
3041:V. Fuchs
3005:E. Ronne
3000:F. Ronne
2939:Ritscher
2793:SY
2781:Filchner
2725:Framheim
2719:Amundsen
2525:Racoviță
2510:Amundsen
2505:Lecointe
2374:Ringgold
2368:Porpoise
2258:Furneaux
2094:Shevelev
2049:Begichev
2028:Amundsen
1990:Nagórski
1968:Brusilov
1962:Sv. Anna
1876:Melville
1846:Palander
1802:Tsivolko
1762:Sannikov
1757:Billings
1700:Chirikov
1619:Barentsz
1561:St. Roch
1552:Bartlett
1526:Amundsen
1510:Sverdrup
1410:Resolute
1299:Franklin
1227:Kotzebue
1094:Sverdrup
1077:Scoresby
1051:Lindenov
902:Plaisted
887:Nautilus
832:Shirshov
806:Belyakov
801:Baydukov
775:Nautilus
737:Amundsen
697:SS
656:Sverdrup
651:Johansen
621:Brainard
616:Lockwood
471:Barentsz
234:See also
3477:Messner
3424:Hillary
3404:Balchen
3352:Polheim
3346:Wisting
3224:Crozier
3196:Weddell
3174:J. Cook
3144:Kapitsa
3125:Fiennes
3067:Klenova
3036:Hillary
2986:Ketchum
2912:BANZARE
2887:·
2732:Polheim
2698:Shirase
2684:Charcot
2494:Belgica
2413:Crozier
2325:Morrell
2320:Weddell
2298:Lazarev
2243:J. Cook
2197:History
2147:Arktika
2123:Krassin
2108:Voronin
2080:Schmidt
2066:Ushakov
2005:Vaygach
1973:Albanov
1942:Rusanov
1923:Kolchak
1918:Matisen
1892:Makarov
1871:De Long
1772:Wrangel
1752:Lyakhov
1705:Malygin
1663:Dezhnev
1490:Pandora
1461:Advance
1428:Kennedy
1423:Belcher
1416:Kellett
1403:McClure
1327:Beechey
1321:Blossom
1314:Simpson
1282:Crozier
1275:Hoppner
1232:J. Ross
1200:J. Cook
1148:Gilbert
1041:J. Hall
1007:Ingólfr
997:Naddodd
991:Vikings
978:Brendan
973:Pytheas
961:Iceland
915:Arktika
907:Herbert
872:Badygin
842:Krenkel
827:Papanin
796:Chkalov
782:Wilkins
747:Wisting
691:F. Cook
597:Markham
557:Bessels
546:Polaris
537:Polaris
508:J. Ross
491:Carolus
439:History
186:Seegloo
145:Ptolemy
104:of the
65:at the
3387:Bowers
3382:Wilson
3341:Hassel
3336:Helmer
3305:Mackay
3295:Mawson
3260:Nimrod
3218:Terror
3203:Erebus
3130:Burton
2925:Rymill
2801:Mawson
2795:Aurora
2774:Lashly
2759:Wilson
2662:Nimrod
2639:Scotia
2446:Murray
2421:Cooper
2408:Terror
2390:Erebus
2359:Wilkes
2310:Palmer
2278:Vostok
2225:Bouvet
2149:-class
2129:Gakkel
1997:Taymyr
1978:Konrad
1947:Kuchin
1885:Yermak
1792:Lavrov
1710:Ovtsyn
1695:Bering
1673:Ivanov
1636:Hudson
1598:Pomors
1575:Cowper
1540:Karluk
1439:Isabel
1433:Bellot
1383:Austin
1351:Terror
1343:Erebus
1239:Griper
1215:Clerke
1175:Baffin
1158:Hudson
1089:Nansen
1002:Garðar
923:Barneo
790:ANT-25
766:Italia
742:Nobile
711:Henson
670:Amedeo
646:Nansen
611:Greely
481:Hudson
419:Arctic
311:. 2004
61:, and
3467:Crary
3414:Dufek
3377:Oates
3367:Scott
3300:David
3281:Adams
3252:Barne
3073:Mirny
3062:Somov
2872:Quest
2769:Crean
2754:Scott
2633:Bruce
2587:Gauss
2580:Gauss
2454:Jason
2441:Nares
2315:Davis
2292:Mirny
2265:Smith
2220:Roché
2140:Lenin
2060:Sadko
1985:Wiese
1930:Sedov
1901:Zarya
1824:Payer
1787:Litke
1782:Anjou
1715:Minin
1678:Vagin
1668:Popov
1641:Poole
1496:Young
1309:Dease
1254:Hecla
1245:Parry
1170:Bylot
1153:Davis
1128:Cabot
1101:Peary
1083:Jason
1070:Egede
984:Papar
896:Skate
877:Wiese
857:NP-37
850:NP-36
730:Norge
718:Sedov
706:Peary
664:Jason
579:Nares
573:Alert
528:Hayes
496:Parry
434:Ocean
170:Inuit
3399:Byrd
3320:Fram
3271:Wild
2953:Marr
2919:BGLE
2906:Byrd
2834:Wild
2713:Fram
2515:Cook
2036:AARI
2021:Maud
1908:Toll
1833:Vega
1519:Gjøa
1504:Fram
1467:Kane
1304:Back
1269:Fury
1260:Lyon
1182:Munk
821:NP-1
723:Byrd
640:Fram
631:Fram
523:Kane
347:2006
317:2006
287:2006
211:Fram
202:Fram
120:and
112:and
3096:3rd
3082:2nd
3056:1st
2889:IGY
2885:IPY
1475:Fox
1371:Rae
937:Mir
913:NS
81:by
3502::
2001:/
333:.
307:.
303:.
164:.
128:.
57:,
53:,
2478:"
2472:"
2415:)
2411:(
2402:)
2393:(
398:e
391:t
384:v
349:.
319:.
289:.
93:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_-_Nelson_and_the_Bear_-_BHC2907_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg)