27:
331:
also supplies such a substance in packages that comply with such a standard and if the packages of such substance that do not meet such standard bear conspicuous labeling stating: "This package for households without young children" (or "Package Not Child-Resistant" for small packages). As a result, with the exception of prescription drugs, manufacturers of certain household products that are regulated under the PPPA have the option of marketing one size in a conventional package as long as that same product is supplied in a popular-sized package, which is child-resistant.
303:
due to accessibility of these chemicals. The purpose of the PPPA was to protect children from ingesting harmful chemicals and prescription medications by accident. After the PPPA was implemented, deaths in children aged 5 and under went down by 1.4 per million. This represented a reduction in the rate of fatalities, up to 45%, from projections of deaths without the presence of child-proof packaging and equated to an average of 24 fewer deaths in children annually.
302:
Before the PPPA was enacted, unintentional poisonings by both medicines and common household products were considered by most pediatricians to be the leading cause of injury to children aged 5 and under. At that time there were about 500 deaths per year being reported for children aged 5 and under
330:
There are some exceptions to the child-resistant packaging. There were concerns about accessibility of medications to the elderly and handicapped. As such, a manufacturer may package any over-the-counter household substance, subject to a PPPA standard, in a single-size package if the manufacturer
306:
In 1957, the
National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers was established with the goal in mind to collect data from different individual poison control centers and provide them with the information needed on the many types of household products involved in childhood poisonings.
433:
Any drug that is intended for human use that is in a dosage form intended for oral administration and that is required by
Federal law to be dispensed only by or upon an oral or written prescription of a practitioner licensed by law to administer such drug except for the following:
446:
All unit dose forms of potassium supplements, including individually wrapped effervescent tablets, unit dose vials of liquid potassium, and powdered potassium in unit-dose packets containing no more than 50 milliequivalents of potassium per unit
37:
An Act to amend the
Federal Hazardous Substances Act to provide for child resistant packaging to protect children from serious personal injury or serious illness resulting from handling, using, or ingesting a hazardous substance, and for other
482:
Unflavored acetaminophen containing preparations in powder form, other than those intended for pediatric use, that are packaged in unit doses providing no more than 13 grains of acetaminophen per unit dose.
479:
Any product that is intended for human use in a dosage form intended for oral administration and containing in a single package a total of more than 1 gram of acetaminophen except for the following:
653:
219:
415:
Prepackaged liquid kindling and/or illuminating preparations, such as lighter fuel for cigarettes, charcoal, torches, and others, which contain 10% or more by weight of petroleum distillates.
319:
381:
Non-emulsion type liquid furniture polishes containing 10% or more of mineral seal oil and/or other petroleum distillates, other than those packaged in pressurized spray containers.
832:
403:
Household substances in dry forms such as granules, powder, and flakes containing 10% or more by weight of free or chemically deneutralized sodium and/or potassium hydroxide.
322:. This law stated that certain products, identified as "hazardous substances" within the meaning of the law, had to carry on their labels specific statements of caution.
1136:
394:
1048:
1530:
1597:
1394:
1443:
1295:
680:
825:
490:
Any product that is intended for human use in a dosage form intended for oral administration and containing 1 gram or more of ibuprofen in a single package.
440:
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules for oral suspension and oral suspensions in packages containing no more than 8 grams of the equivalent of erythromycin.
421:
Household substances in liquid form containing 4% or more by weight of methyl alcohol (methanol), other than those packaged in pressurized spray containers.
294:
for prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, household chemicals, and other hazardous materials that could be considered dangerous for children.
1810:
1516:
1415:
1164:
1288:
1071:
843:
1815:
802:
788:
816:
746:
1560:
1422:
1675:
1244:
1703:
1495:
1302:
1009:
1187:
1129:
1094:
1362:
986:
450:
Sodium fluoride drug preparations including liquid and tablet forms containing no more than 110 mg of sodium fluoride per package.
387:
Liquid preparations containing more than 5% by weight of methyl salicylate, other than those packaged in pressurized spray containers.
1736:
1461:
852:
673:
275:
1729:
1101:
707:
698:
547:
1625:
1450:
1318:
310:
Some of the earliest attempts at controlling the problem of poisonings in children came about after World War II. In 1960, the
1523:
1201:
809:
368:
There is a long list of substances that fall under the authority of the PPPA. These substances include, but are not limited to
1745:
1479:
1251:
1041:
928:
732:
666:
648:
473:
Household substances in liquid form containing 10% or more by weight of ethylene glycol packaged on or after June 1, 1974.
453:
Betamethasone tablets packaged in manufacturers' dispenser packages containing no more than 12.6 mg of betamethasone.
1348:
1332:
1055:
714:
427:
Household substances containing 10% or more by weight or sulfuric acid, except substances in wet-cell storage batteries.
1436:
1355:
1272:
1194:
174:
164:
154:
136:
120:
115:
1645:
1551:
1486:
515:
1537:
1472:
393:
Any product intended for human use that consists in whole or in part of any substance subject to control under the
205:
1768:
1574:
1258:
1173:
1157:
1115:
972:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
279:
93:
85:
1611:
1604:
1208:
465:
Conjugated estrogen tablets when dispensed in mnemonic packages containing no more than 32 mg of the drug.
944:
1502:
1429:
1180:
965:
1590:
1583:
1122:
1064:
315:
311:
1567:
1325:
689:
287:
55:
1309:
1087:
1777:
1618:
1237:
1034:
993:
291:
178:
158:
78:
168:
1401:
979:
905:
1805:
1752:
1712:
1696:
1666:
1408:
1378:
437:
Sublingual and chewable forms of isosorbide dinitrate in dosage strengths of 10 mg or less.
1720:
1371:
1027:
935:
1279:
26:
1800:
1682:
958:
459:
Methylprednisone in tablet form in packages containing no more than 84 mg of the drug.
658:
456:
Prednisone in tablet form, when dispensed in packages containing no more than 105 mg.
8:
1652:
1387:
880:
140:
1659:
209:
130:
1636:
1544:
1143:
722:
1230:
912:
888:
599:
409:
Household substances in liquid form containing 10% or more by weight of turpentine.
254:
624:
462:
Colestipol in powder form in packages containing no more than 5 grams of the drug.
1689:
1509:
1002:
921:
739:
573:
334:
Some of the main products that are exempted from the PPPA include the following:
201:
896:
873:
859:
1794:
1108:
643:
283:
1150:
522:
1265:
866:
795:
375:
Any aspirin-containing product intended for oral administration by humans
97:
1221:
951:
1078:
574:"Poison Prevention Packaging: A Guide For Healthcare Professionals"
359:
Hydrocarbon-containing products where the liquid cannot flow freely
397:
and that is in a dosage form intended for oral administration.
688:
395:
Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention and Control Act of 1970
1531:
National
Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
363:
1598:
Marine
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
1395:
Congressional Budget and
Impoundment Control Act of 1974
1444:
Emergency
Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act
1296:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
597:
1416:
1072:
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants
510:
508:
506:
504:
641:
46:Federal Hazardous Substances Act Amendment of 1970
521:. Arizona State Board of Pharmacy. Archived from
1792:
501:
1561:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1423:Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973
579:. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 2005
282:1670-74) was signed into law by U.S. President
1245:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
243:on December 16, 1970 (Agreed) and by the
1303:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
674:
325:
286:on December 30, 1970. It was enacted by the
1517:Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act
1130:Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973
1095:Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974
1811:United States federal commerce legislation
1363:Securities Investor Protection Corporation
681:
667:
413:Kindling and/or illuminating preparations.
237:Reported by the joint conference committee
1333:Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act
605:. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
548:"Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970"
1816:United States federal health legislation
1102:Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
652:) is being considered for deletion. See
598:Suzanne Barone, Ph.D. (March 16, 2005).
443:Anhydrous cholestyramine in powder form.
318:(AMA), drafted what became known as the
1626:Water Resources Development Act of 1974
1451:Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act
1340:Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
1319:U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
268:Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
20:Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
1793:
1524:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
1202:Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970
364:Substances requiring special packaging
220:Senate Interstate and Foreign Commerce
1480:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
1252:Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970
1137:Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
662:
1042:Minority Business Development Agency
1584:Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
1349:Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act
1056:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
987:Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement
13:
1437:Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act
1356:Securities Investor Protection Act
1289:Occupational Safety and Health Act
1273:Economic Stabilization Act of 1970
1195:District of Columbia Home Rule Act
516:"The History of Poison Prevention"
401:Sodium and/or potassium hydroxide.
247:on December 16, 1970 (Agreed)
14:
1827:
1552:Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970
1487:National Environmental Policy Act
656:to help reach a consensus. ›
320:Hazardous Substances Labeling Act
233:on December 7, 1970 (Passed)
200:in the Senate as S. 2162 by
1538:New Source Performance Standards
1473:Council on Environmental Quality
25:
1575:Coastal Zone Management Program
1496:Environmental Protection Agency
1259:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973
1174:Federal Contested Elections Act
1158:Drug Enforcement Administration
1116:End Stage Renal Disease Program
314:(FDA), in association with the
290:. This law required the use of
1612:Endangered Species Act of 1973
1605:Endangered Species Act of 1969
1209:Congressional Research Service
789:VP confirmation of Gerald Ford
617:
600:"PPPA Petitions for Exemption"
591:
566:
540:
1:
1430:Federal Energy Administration
1181:Federal Election Campaign Act
966:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
494:
297:
227:on May 11, 1970 (Passed)
116:15 U.S.C.: Commerce and Trade
1591:Marine Mammal Protection Act
1503:Clean Air Amendments of 1970
1123:Supplemental Security Income
1065:Education Amendments of 1972
316:American Medical Association
312:Food and Drug Administration
7:
1568:Coastal Zone Management Act
1326:Consumer Product Safety Act
1109:National Cancer Act of 1971
747:1970 Lincoln Memorial visit
690:Presidency of Richard Nixon
649:Presidency of Richard Nixon
350:Hormone replacement therapy
338:Powdered unflavored aspirin
288:91st United States Congress
56:91st United States Congress
10:
1832:
1730:Senate Watergate Committee
1310:Permissible exposure limit
1088:Rehabilitation Act of 1973
833:Presidential Proclamations
419:Methyl alcohol (methanol).
356:Effervescent acetaminophen
353:Powdered iron preparations
1762:
1635:
1619:Oil Pollution Act of 1973
1460:
1238:Fair Credit Reporting Act
1220:
1035:Revised Philadelphia Plan
1019:
994:Threshold Test Ban Treaty
842:
697:
326:Exceptions and exemptions
292:child-resistant packaging
193:
188:
147:
129:
121:21 U.S.C.: Food and Drugs
108:
103:
84:
74:
69:
61:
50:
42:
33:
24:
1769:← Johnson administration
1402:Agricultural Act of 1970
945:1973 Chilean coup d'état
654:templates for discussion
344:Sublingual nitroglycerin
1667:Saturday Night Massacre
1409:Farm Credit Act of 1971
1379:Alternative minimum tax
241:agreed to by the Senate
216:Committee consideration
148:U.S.C. sections amended
1721:United States v. Nixon
1372:Tax Reform Act of 1969
1049:Native American policy
1028:Family Assistance Plan
239:on December 15, 1970;
1778:Ford administration →
1280:Smithsonian Agreement
803:Judicial appointments
1683:White House Plumbers
552:Federal Pharmacy Law
341:Effervescent aspirin
257:on December 30, 1970
179:ch. 9, subch. VI
159:ch. 9, subch. IV
1737:impeachment process
1653:Operation Sandwedge
1388:Revenue Act of 1971
1188:1970 VRA Amendments
936:Shanghai Communiqué
929:1972 visit to China
881:Paris Peace Accords
853:International trips
733:Second inauguration
431:Prescription drugs.
347:Oral contraceptives
189:Legislative history
169:ch. 9, subch. V
21:
1660:Operation Gemstone
959:1972 Moscow Summit
715:First inauguration
385:Methyl salicylate.
19:
1788:
1787:
1713:White House tapes
1704:list of opponents
1545:Noise Control Act
1144:Shafer Commission
1010:Space exploration
980:Washington Summit
874:Cambodian bombing
782:1974 SOTU Address
775:1973 SOTU Address
768:1972 SOTU Address
761:1971 SOTU Address
754:1970 SOTU Address
723:Bring Us Together
528:on April 13, 2012
391:Controlled drugs.
379:Furniture polish.
264:
263:
225:Passed the Senate
87:Statutes at Large
65:December 30, 1970
1823:
1781:
1772:
1755:
1748:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1715:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1231:Bank Secrecy Act
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1012:
1005:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
938:
931:
924:
915:
908:
899:
892:
889:Peace with Honor
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
835:
828:
826:Executive Orders
819:
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
726:
717:
710:
683:
676:
669:
660:
659:
636:
635:
633:
631:
621:
615:
614:
612:
610:
604:
595:
589:
588:
586:
584:
578:
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
544:
538:
537:
535:
533:
527:
520:
512:
471:Ethylene glycol.
255:Richard M. Nixon
231:Passed the House
212:) on May 6, 1970
133:sections created
88:
29:
22:
18:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1728:
1718:
1711:
1702:
1695:
1690:Watergate Seven
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1510:Clean Water Act
1508:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:Economic policy
1216:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:Cannabis policy
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1020:Domestic policy
1015:
1008:
1003:Operation CHAOS
1001:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
934:
927:
922:Tar Baby option
920:
911:
906:Cold War period
904:
895:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
838:
831:
824:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
740:Silent majority
738:
731:
720:
713:
706:
693:
687:
657:
640:
639:
629:
627:
623:
622:
618:
608:
606:
602:
596:
592:
582:
580:
576:
572:
571:
567:
557:
555:
546:
545:
541:
531:
529:
525:
518:
514:
513:
502:
497:
366:
328:
300:
260:
251:Signed into law
202:Warren Magnuson
184:
125:
86:
51:Enacted by
17:
12:
11:
5:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1806:Patient safety
1803:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1726:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1352:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1006:
999:
998:
997:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
948:
941:
940:
939:
925:
918:
917:
916:
913:Linkage policy
902:
901:
900:
897:Vietnamization
893:
884:
877:
863:
860:Nixon Doctrine
856:
848:
846:
844:Foreign policy
840:
839:
837:
836:
829:
822:
821:
820:
813:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
728:
727:
711:
703:
701:
695:
694:
686:
685:
678:
671:
663:
638:
637:
616:
590:
565:
539:
499:
498:
496:
493:
492:
491:
485:
484:
483:
477:Acetaminophen.
474:
468:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
444:
441:
438:
428:
425:Sulfuric acid.
422:
416:
410:
404:
398:
388:
382:
376:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
327:
324:
299:
296:
276:Pub. L. 91-601
262:
261:
259:
258:
248:
234:
228:
222:
213:
194:
191:
190:
186:
185:
183:
182:
172:
162:
151:
149:
145:
144:
143:§ 1471 et seq.
134:
127:
126:
124:
123:
118:
112:
110:
109:Titles amended
106:
105:
101:
100:
90:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1828:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
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407:Turpentine.
171:§§ 352, 353
1795:Categories
708:Transition
495:References
488:Ibuprofen.
298:Background
198:Introduced
75:Public law
34:Long title
1637:Watergate
630:April 24,
609:April 24,
583:April 24,
558:April 24,
532:April 24,
175:21 U.S.C.
165:21 U.S.C.
155:21 U.S.C.
137:15 U.S.C.
70:Citations
62:Effective
43:Nicknames
38:purposes.
1646:Timeline
1079:Title IX
699:Timeline
644:template
373:Aspirin.
92:84
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646:below (
141:ch. 39A
1753:Pardon
1724:(1974)
1464:policy
131:U.S.C.
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16:US law
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280:Stat.
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245:House
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