33:
394:
57:
661:
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range between 0.7–1.2 km (0.43–0.75 mi) higher than the coastal forests. This is consistent with the paleoelevation estimates for the lake systems, which range between 1.1–2.9 km (1,100–2,900 m), which is similar to the modern elevation 0.8 km (0.50 mi), but higher.
489:
the
Princeton paleoflora. The CLAMP results after multiple linear regressions for Princeton's gave a 5.1 °C (41.2 °F), and the LMA returned a mean annual temperature of 5.1 ± 2.2 °C (41.2 ± 4.0 °F). This is lower than the mean annual temperature estimates
490:
given for the coastal Puget Group, which is estimated to have been between 15–18.6 °C (59.0–65.5 °F). The bioclimatic analysis for
Princeton suggest mean annual precipitation amount of 114 ± 42 cm (45 ± 17 in).
418:. The anterior cross vein joins the Rs vein close to where it forks, and the space between the anterior cross vein and costal is 0.9–1.15 mm (0.035–0.045 in), being slightly elongated by the narrow wing profile.
437:
climate, in which winter temperatures rarely dropped low enough for snow, and which were seasonably equitable. The
Okanagan Highlands paleoforest surrounding the lakes have been described as precursors to the modern
409:
of the wing is only distinctly curved and most specimens show an indentation along the wing edge when the subcostal vein terminates. In specimens where the wing apex is known the acute wing tip symmetrical. The
268:
While reviewing the tertiary fossil bibionids of the Eocene
Okanagan Highlands, Rice (1959) transferred almost all of the species described by Handlirsch from the genus
338:. Based on the larger specimen set in the re-description, he mused on the possibility they might intergrade enough to be a single species rather than multiple species.
426:
The
Okanagan Highland sites represent upland lake systems that were surrounded by a warm temperate ecosystem with nearby volcanism. The highlands likely had a
561:"Canadian fossil Insects. 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits of the southern interior of British Columbia, collected by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe, in 1906"
378:
616:"Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape"
334:
322:
405:
are on average between 8.6–10.1 mm (0.34–0.40 in) long and 3.3–3.7 mm (0.13–0.15 in) wide giving them a "narrower" appearance. The
316:
328:
519:
265:, along with a series of 19 other bibionid species. Handlirsch did not include the etymological derivation of species names in the volume.
447:
443:
482:
688:
723:
728:
439:
527:
233:
sediments exposed in central southern
British Columbia. The species is one of twenty bibionid species described from the
693:
370:
615:
263:
Canadian fossil
Insects. 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits of the southern interior of British Columbia
718:
382:
665:
406:
366:
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305:
486:
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374:
708:
234:
713:
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588:
1. Early Eocene
Lagerstätten of the Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia and Washington State)"
583:
152:
393:
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collections. Rice additionally noted the close similarity in wing morphology to the species
630:
414:
fork of the radial vein is of moderate long in length and only narrowly diverges from the R
176:
32:
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has been recovered from up to four locations in the
Okanagan highlands, with the
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based on the angles of the R3+4 vein, which he deemed closer to that of modern
254:
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677:
450:
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369:. H. M. Rice (1959) subsequently identified four additional fossils from the
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Archibald, S.; Greenwood, D.; Smith, R.; Mathewes, R.; Basinger, J. (2011).
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Greenwood, D.R.; Archibald, S.B.; Mathewes, R.W; Moss, P.T. (2005).
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being on the
Tulameen River "opposite Vermilion Cliff" in the
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1910 illustration from Handlirsch of the type specimen wing
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and an additional 7 fossils were identified and designated
108:
442:
of Eastern North America and Eastern Asia. Based on the
257:
on 6 August 1906, and then subsequently described by
261:
in 1910. The type description was published in his
520:"Fossil Bibionidae (Diptera) from British Columbia"
483:climate leaf analysis multivariate program (CLAMP)
288:. This decision resulted in the species move from
253:from outcrops of the Allenby Formation along the
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609:
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465:of Western Washington, which are described as
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453:, the lakes were higher and cooler than the
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565:Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology
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440:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
528:Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin
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13:
623:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
14:
740:
653:
457:coastal forests preserved in the
659:
55:
689:Eocene insects of North America
421:
341:
724:Taxa named by Anton Handlirsch
388:
1:
729:Fossil taxa described in 1910
493:
469:ecosystems. Estimates of the
241:History & classification
16:Extinct species of March fly
7:
367:Princeton, British Columbia
306:Geological Survey of Canada
10:
745:
694:Prehistoric Diptera genera
487:leaf margin analysis (LMA)
235:Eocene Okanagan Highlands
229:and is solely known from
215:is an extinct species of
191:
184:
158:
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52:Scientific classification
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30:
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559:Handlirsch, A. (1910).
481:have been derived from
479:mean annual temperature
467:lowland tropical forest
245:The holotype fossil of
518:Rice, H. M. A (1959).
398:
396:
284:species than that of
719:Tranquille Formation
670:at Wikimedia Commons
304:during study of the
635:2005CaJES..42..167G
463:Chuckanut Formation
431:upper microthermal
399:
335:Plecia transitoria
323:Plecia pictipennis
699:Allenby Formation
664:Media related to
592:Geoscience Canada
477:Estimates of the
435:lower mesothermal
377:and another from
363:Allenby Formation
311:Plecia canadensis
249:was collected by
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709:Driftwood Shales
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584:"Great Canadian
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379:Tranquille Creek
371:Driftwood Shales
259:Anton Handlirsch
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629:(2): 167–185.
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329:Plecia pulchra
255:Tulameen River
251:Lawrence Lambe
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586:Lagerstätten
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571:(3): 93–129.
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422:Paleoecology
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355:GSC No. 7265
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342:Distribution
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231:Early Eocene
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144:P. avus
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24:
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667:Plecia avus
459:Puget Group
448:paleofaunal
444:paleofloral
407:costal edge
403:Plecia avus
389:Description
383:Cache Creek
347:Plecia avus
294:Plecia avus
247:Plecia avus
212:Plecia avus
165:Plecia avus
41:Plecia avus
25:Plecia avus
684:Bibionidae
678:Categories
494:References
286:Penthetria
271:Penthetria
227:Bibionidae
199:Handlirsch
173:Handlirsch
119:Bibionidae
89:Arthropoda
298:hypotypes
223:March fly
137:Species:
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
535:: 1–36.
375:Smithers
351:holotype
302:Pl. avus
186:Synonyms
115:Family:
85:Phylum:
79:Animalia
65:Domain:
44:hypotype
631:Bibcode
225:family
221:in the
162:†
141:†
125:Genus:
109:Diptera
105:Order:
99:Insecta
95:Class:
46:fossil
455:coeval
451:biotas
332:, and
282:Plecia
277:Plecia
218:Plecia
201:, 1910
130:Plecia
619:(PDF)
523:(PDF)
428:mesic
381:near
373:near
365:near
461:and
446:and
177:1910
639:doi
537:doi
433:to
412:3+4
357:,
300:of
292:to
274:to
680::
637:.
627:42
625:.
621:.
604:^
596:38
594:.
590:.
567:.
563:.
551:^
533:55
531:.
525:.
502:^
385:.
353:,
326:,
320:,
314:,
237:.
175:,
645:.
641::
633::
569:2
545:.
539::
416:5
410:R
179:)
171:(
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