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and other recreational planing hulls, which utilize rocker throughout for enhanced maneuverability when banking through turns.) In contrast, in a displacement, or non-planing hull, the bottom is curved in side view (the curvature is called "rocker") all the way from bow to stern, in order to minimize
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In the UK, the well-known designer Uffa Fox... researched and developed planing.... It is from his trend-setting design that most of today's high-performance sailing dinghies have evolved. Boats have also become lighter through the low weights achieved by today's hi-tech building materials. They are
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force upward on the slab. At a high enough speed, this reactionary force (plus any small buoyant force) is larger than the force of gravity and the slab will stay afloat. In this way, the horizontal force (which may be supplied by a motor or a sail) is converted into a vertical force upwards. The
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force. Every hull acts as a displacement hull at low speeds: the buoyant force is mainly responsible for supporting the craft. As speed increases, hydrodynamic lift increases, and the buoyant force decreases as the hull lifts out of the water, decreasing the displaced volume. At some speed, lift
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This performance was noticed by other designers who further developed them. Over the years, many dinghies have acquired the ability to plane. Materials advances have allowed for lighter boats that will plane faster and in lighter air. There are now many high-performance dinghies (sometimes called
299:. At rest, the slab will sink because it is heavier than water; the buoyant forces are overwhelmed by the force of gravity. However, if the slab is kept in the same orientation and pulled horizontally through the water, it will force the incoming water downward. This results in a
346:, although unpowered, are planing or semi-planing hulls. They utilize the push of the waveform more or less in combination with gravity and specific angles of attack for the airfoil to maximise propulsive force and reduce the net downforce and thus achieve planing lift.
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wave drag. In front view, the sections in the aft area may be straight, as in a racing hydroplane, to maximize planing forces and speed, but for practical reasons of stability and comfortable ride are often V-shaped, especially in boats intended for offshore use.
331:. All boat designs for planing benefit from minimised weight; planing powerboats are commonly made from light alloy or use other reduced-weight construction techniques-
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distinguished by a flat run aft. In other words, in side view, the bottom is more or less a straight line towards the stern. (Exceptions to this include
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A simple model of this effect is a solid slab of material that is heavier than water (like a steel plate) but is shaped and oriented to have a positive
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Planing may be achieved in most sailing dinghies. In light to moderate conditions, planing is best initiated by a combination of the following.
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Although any hull will plane if enough power is provided and enough speed is attained, a hull designed for operation in the planing realm is
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are typical examples. Planing sailing boats need a good sail area and powerboats need a high-power engine. Steps and
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Maintain power if necessary: flick or pump the sails (although there are some restrictions on doing this in a race)
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must be high, since the planing mode of operation involves moving the hull at speeds higher than its natural
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dinghy planing on a broad reach. Note the typical way the bow lifts up while the stern skims over the water.
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Seek optimal form and speed of immersed hull: if there are waves, surf down them to initiate planing.
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therefore able to plane much faster in much less wind, and many are capable or planing to windward.
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ridges may also be incorporated into the design to encourage both ease of planing and stability.
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are planing or semi-planing hulls. Beyond planing, fast vessel designs have seen a transition to
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252:. That year he gained 52 first places, 2 seconds, and 3 third places out of 57 race starts.
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As a gust begins to pass, steer slightly to windward to keep the apparent wind forward
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Maintain flat form of immersed sections of hull: keep the hull level side-to-side,
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concept of planing is often interpreted as analogous with aerodynamic lift (See
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becomes the predominant upward force on the hull and the vessel is planing.
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Britain. In 1928 Fox introduced planing to the racing world in his
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Many forms of marine transport make use of planing, including
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At rest, a vessel's weight is borne entirely by the
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609:. Macdonald and Co./ Council of Industrial Design.
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
229:. It was capable of speeds of more than twice the
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308:). In reality the acting forces are different.
221:The earliest documented planing sailboat was a
323:To plane, especially to initiate planing, the
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279:planing at speed on calm water showing its
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578:The Complete Sailing Manual, Third Edition
350:Sailing techniques used to promote planing
376:Minimise surface-induced drag: raise the
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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391:hits, bear away slightly and ease the
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636:from the UK Windsurfing Association
537:. International 14 Class Association
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49:adding citations to reliable sources
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581:. DK Publishing. p. 126.
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260:) that can plane to windward.
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705:Center of lateral resistance
634:Videos of planing sailboards
16:Mode of watercraft operation
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225:built in 1898 by Commodore
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369:Maximise power: sail on a
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240:was first popularised by
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373:or broad reach to begin.
735:Racing Rules of Sailing
575:Sleight, Steve (2011).
387:Maintain power: when a
505:"UFFA FOX (1898-1972)"
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325:power-to-weight ratio
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889:Nautical terminology
558:The Sailing Handbook
45:improve this article
560:. Stackpole Books.
60:"Planing" boat
556:Cox, Dave (2000).
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306:lift on an airfoil
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277:motor torpedo boat
236:Planing a sailing
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607:Boats for Sailing
458:Hydroplane (boat)
407:Move your weight
264:How planing works
180:hydrodynamic lift
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62: –
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56:Find sources:
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34:This article
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23:
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842:Chinese gybe
816:Wing on wing
771:Close-hauled
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713:Weather helm
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603:Proctor, Ian
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539:. Retrieved
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513:. Retrieved
511:. Tony Dixon
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404:if necessary
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227:Ralph Munroe
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195:fast ferries
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
741:Rounding up
485:Windsurfing
382:daggerboard
378:centreboard
301:reactionary
847:Death roll
776:Heaving to
764:Manoeuvres
746:Sail twist
480:Sportsboat
344:surfboards
329:hull speed
317:surfboards
273:Royal Navy
231:hull speed
207:surfboards
203:water skis
71:newspapers
837:Capsizing
825:Accidents
531:"History"
464:Hydrofoil
313:sometimes
213:designs.
211:hydrofoil
199:seaplanes
129:Contender
883:Category
852:Turtling
796:Reaching
786:In irons
709:Lee helm
689:cruising
605:(1968).
422:See also
248:dinghy,
242:Uffa Fox
188:buoyancy
868:Planing
811:Tacking
806:Reefing
801:Running
781:Heeling
697:Sailing
671:Sailing
402:trapeze
361:planing
289:buoyant
250:Avenger
217:History
205:. Most
136:Planing
85:scholar
861:
832:Broach
729:Hiking
685:racing
613:
585:
541:5 June
515:5 June
393:sheets
258:skiffs
238:dinghy
201:, and
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
681:sport
491:Notes
371:reach
342:Most
337:chine
175:-ning
92:JSTOR
78:books
791:Jibe
611:ISBN
583:ISBN
543:2018
517:2018
389:gust
333:RIBs
223:proa
173:PLAY
64:news
409:aft
380:or
190:).
47:by
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154:eɪ
127:A
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163:ŋ
160:ɪ
157:n
151:l
148:p
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138:(
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89:·
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