Swissair Flight 111

1905: 40: 1826:-inch (6 mm) recording tape that operated on a 30-minute loop. It therefore retained only that half-hour of the flight before the recorders failed, six minutes before the crash. The CVR recording and transcript were covered by a strict privilege under section 28 of the Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act and thus were not publicly disclosed, although the air traffic control recordings are less strictly privileged: section 29 of the same act provides only that they may not be used in certain legal proceedings. The air traffic control transcripts were released within days of the crash in 1998 and the air traffic control audio was released in May 2007, following a ruling by the 1804:

were stored with similar items in large boxes. When a box was full, it was weighed and moved to a custom-built temporary structure (J-Hangar) on a discontinued runway for long-term storage. If deemed significant to the investigation, the item was documented, photographed, and kept in the active examination hangar. Particular attention was paid to any item showing heat damage, burns, or other unusual marks. The front 33 ft (10 m) of the aircraft, from the front of the cockpit to near the front of the first-class passenger cabin, was reconstructed. Information gained by this allowed investigators to determine the severity and limits of the fire damage, its possible origins, and progression.

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magnesium, iron and other elements in the part of the cockpit that burned the strongest. Juby also states that a mechanic who serviced the airplane before the flight had provided fake credentials and had disappeared. Further, Juby claims he was asked by senior RCMP officials to retroactively edit his notes for the public record of the investigation so as to omit any mention of his views on the plausibility of an incendiary device having brought down the flight. Reaction to Juby's book was mostly negative. The TSB would not comment explicitly on Juby's claims, saying that it stood by the findings of its investigation. Juby's allegations were initially featured in an episode of the

1918: 2206:. The second is a more private, but much larger commemoration located west of the crash site near Bayswater Beach Provincial Park on the Aspotogan Peninsula in Bayswater. Here, the unidentified remains of the victims are interred. A fund was established to maintain the memorials and the government passed an act to recognize the memorials. Various other charitable funds were also created, including one in the name of a young victim from Louisiana, Robert Martin Maillet, which provided money for children in need, and one in the name of Robert's mother, Karen E. Maillet-Domingue (also a victim), which granted 596: 2258: 2168: 2160: 2149: 275: 491: 2272: 1761: 2286: 2300: 4848: 2047:

pilots decided to land directly without dumping upon smelling smoke. However, he does not fault them for abiding by the guidelines and checklists at the time, which involved a fuel dump and systematically checking for sources of smoke. He also believes a possible runway overshoot or partial breakup of the heavy aircraft would have been a "lesser evil" versus what ended up happening.

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fuel-laden plane was above maximum landing weight so the flight crew activated dumping of fuel. The pilots lost all control and the doomed plane flew into the ocean uncommanded. Recovered fragments of the plane show that the temperature inside the cockpit became so great that aluminium parts in the flight deck ceiling had melted. The recovered

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threatened to reveal more. Andromidas further alleged that a key Swissair safety official involved in the investigation, upon returning to Switzerland, was banned from speaking to the press and even his superiors. Executive Intelligence Review followed up with a separate article by Andromidas on November 13th, mentioning that Swiss daily

4558: 1772:, where small material was hand inspected by teams of RCMP officers looking for human remains, personal effects, and valuables from the aircraft's cargo hold. The material was then transported to CFB Shearwater, where it was sorted and inspected by over 350 investigators from multiple organizations and companies, including the 1577:", the aircraft was fragmented and the environmental conditions only allowed the recovery of human remains along with the aircraft wreckage. Only one of the victims was visually identifiable. Eventually, 147 were identified by fingerprint, dental records, and X-ray comparisons. The remaining 81 were identified through DNA tests. 608:. At 22:24:28 ADT (01:24:28 UTC), the crew informed Halifax that "we now must fly manually", followed by an emergency declaration. Ten seconds later, the crew declared an emergency again, saying "...and we are declaring emergency now, Swissair one eleven"; this was the last transmission received from Flight 111. 2227:

for causing the accident had been installed on the aircraft to attract more passengers. It was disconnected following the Transportation Safety Board discovery on 29 October 1998 and eventually removed on both Swissair fleets of 15 MD-11 and 3 Boeing 747. Swissair later went bankrupt shortly after the

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By design, AC Bus 2 remained active even when the "CABIN BUS" switch was turned off. The purpose of using the "CABIN BUS" switch, which was the first step in Swissair's "Smoke/Fumes of Unknown Origin" checklist during the incident, was to cut off most electrical power to the aircraft cabin, which was

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Aircraft certification standards for material flammability were inadequate in that they allowed the use of materials that could be ignited and sustain or propagate fire. Consequently, flammable material propagated a fire that started above the ceiling on the right side of the cockpit near the cockpit

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The lack of flight recorder data for the last six minutes of the flight added significant complexity to the investigation and was a major factor in its lengthy duration. The TSB team had to reconstruct the final six minutes entirely from the physical evidence. The investigation became the largest and

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As each piece of wreckage was brought in, it was carefully cleaned with fresh water, sorted, and weighed. The item was then placed in a specific area of a hangar at CFB Shearwater, based on a grid system representing the various sections of the plane. All items not considered significant to the crash

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was used to identify approximately one hundred bodies, in what has been referred to as "the largest DNA identification project ever undertaken in Canada". The RCMP contacted relatives of victims to request medical histories and dental records. They were also asked to provide blood samples for genetic

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On 2 October 1998, the TSB initiated a heavy lift operation to retrieve the major portion of the wreckage from the deep water before the expected winter storms began. By 21 October, an estimated 27% of the wreckage was recovered. At that point in the investigation, the crash was generally believed to

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using sonar to detect the underwater locator beacon signals and were quickly retrieved by Canadian Navy divers (the FDR on 6 September and the CVR on 11 September 1998). Both had stopped recording when the aircraft lost electrical power at approximately 10,000 ft (3,000 m), 5 minutes and 37

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for Swissair's New York–Geneva route was changed to SR139, although the route was still operated by MD-11 aircraft. The crash of Flight 111 was a severe blow to Swissair and the airline suffered even more loss following the accident, particularly as the in-flight entertainment system that was blamed

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holds records, still in the 50-year statutory protection period, dating from 1998 to 1999 suggesting Swiss Federal Prosecutors had pursued a criminal investigation of possible involuntary homicide (manslaughter) related to the Swissair 111 crash, though it remains unclear who the exact target of the

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and confirmed by Tomlinson himself. However, Tomlinson was detained on arrival at JFK after disembarking Swissair Flight 110 from Geneva, thereby preventing him from flying back days later on the ill-fated flight. Tomlinson had revealed British state secrets and in the months preceding the crash had

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claimed that co-pilot Löw suggested steps aimed at a quick landing, which were ignored or rejected by Captain Zimmermann. Swissair and Canadian investigators would not comment on the accuracy of the reporting, with a TSB spokesman deeming it "a reporter's interpretation of a summary document of what

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At 22:18 ADT (01:18 UTC), Moncton ATC handed over traffic control of the plane to Halifax ATC, which was in charge of controlling traffic in and out of Halifax International Airport. Upon being advised by Halifax ATC that they were 30 nautical miles (35 mi; 55 km) from Halifax airport, the

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Other alternative theories pertain to whether the pilots could have landed at Halifax had they not attempted a fuel dump procedure. In a 2023 interview with Swiss daily newspaper Tages-Anzeiger, German aviation journalist and commentator Jens Flottau believes it would have been advantageous had the

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The TSB made nine recommendations relating to changes in aircraft materials (testing, certification, inspection, and maintenance), electrical systems, and flight data capture, as both flight recorders had stopped when they lost power six minutes before impact. General recommendations were also made

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insulation blankets that quickly spread across other flammable materials. After the crew cut power to "non-essential" cabin systems, a reverse flow in the cockpit ventilation ducts increased the amount of smoke reaching the flight deck. By the time the crew became aware of the severity of the fire,

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Unrelated to Andromidas, former RCMP sergeant Tom Juby, who had been part of the Swissair 111 investigation, published a book in 2017 titled "Twice as Far" where he alleged that the TSB suppressed strong evidence for the existence of an incendiary device aboard Swissair 111, such as high levels of

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In accordance with the Swissair checklist "Smoke/fumes of unknown origin", the flight crew shut off power to the cabin using the "CABIN BUS" switch, which also turned off the recirculating fans in the cabin's ceiling. This allowed the fire to spread to the cockpit, eventually shutting off power to

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The rapid spread of electrical power failures led to the breakdown of key avionics systems, and the crew was soon rendered unable to control the aircraft. The pilot-in-command was forced to fly manually because he had no light by which to see his controls after the instrument lighting failed. The

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Engine 2 was shut down by First Officer Löw approximately one minute prior to the time of impact. The shutdown of Engine 2 would have had little or no adverse effect on aircraft controllability. With Captain Zimmermann likely dead or incapacitated by fire and smoke, in a smoke-filled cockpit, and

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Following the crash, a two-kilometer-square exclusion zone was established around the site and maintained for over a year to secure the scene. Despite restrictions, concerns arose regarding potential unauthorized attempts to search for valuables. Halifax-based TV documentary producer John Wesley

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Former employees of Interactive Flight Technologies, the company that manufactured the IFEN, conceded that each entertainment system box which processed all information for the passenger interface was positioned under each passenger seat and emitted excessive heat. Others raised concerns that

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Urs Zimmermann. At the time of the accident, he had logged approximately 10,800 hours of total flying time, of which 900 hours were logged in the MD-11. He was also an instructor pilot for the MD-11. Before his career with Swissair, he was a fighter pilot in the

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showed that the aircraft struck the water at 300 knots (560 km/h; 350 mph) in a 20 degrees nose down and 110-degree bank attitude; the impact force of the aircraft crashing into the Atlantic Ocean was calculated to be 350 times the force of gravity

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The aircraft broke up on impact with the water and most of the debris sank to the ocean floor (a depth of 55 m, 180 ft). Some debris was found floating in the crash area and over the following weeks debris washed up on the nearby shorelines.

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regarding improvements in checklists and in fire-detection and fire-fighting equipment and training. These recommendations have led to widespread changes in Federal Aviation Administration standards, principally affecting wiring and fire hardening.

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A further permanent memorial, albeit not publicly accessible, was created inside the operations centre at Zürich Airport where a simple plaque on the ground floor in the centre opening of a spiral staircase pays tribute to the victims.

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and as a result, flew into the sea. Another possibility is that while attempting to see outside the cockpit windows, Löw inadvertently pushed the control column forward, thus resulting in a descent and eventual impact with the water.

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The recovery operation was guided by the TSB with resources from the Canadian Forces, Canadian Coast Guard, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and other agencies. The area was surveyed using route survey sonar, laser line scanners, and

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through a merger in 1997) agreed to share liability for the accident and offered the families of the passengers financial compensation. The offer was rejected in favour of a $ 19.8 billion suit against Swissair and

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Installation of IFEN at Swissair was rushed and violated various FAA certification procedures. According to Swissair Operational Engineering, IFEN added more than 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) of weight to the plane.

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Two memorials to those who died in the crash were established by the Government of Nova Scotia. One is to the east of the crash site at The Whalesback, a promontory 1 kilometre (0.62 mi; 0.54 nmi) north of

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occurring about a month after the crash. The intruders were reportedly not interested in valuables but documents. Local police began investigating the possibility of a link between Swissair 111 and the break-in.

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AC Bus 2, located in the cockpit area (the origin of the fire), was used to provide most of the IFEN power requirements. In April 1997 IFEN configuration was reduced only to 61 first and business class seats.

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the remaining aircraft debris. It concluded in December 1999 with 98% of the aircraft retrieved: approximately 279,000 lb (127,000 kg) of aircraft debris and 40,000 lb (18,000 kg) of cargo.

4912: 438:. The system was installed in business class one year before the incident, between 21 August and 9 September 1997. It was installed in first class five months later, in February 1998, due to delivery delays. 455:

from 1966 to 1970. Zimmermann was described as a friendly person with professional skills, who always worked with exactness and precision. Zimmermann was due to turn 50 the day after the accident.

1155:), 41 Swiss (including the 13 crew members), 30 French, 3 British, 4 Canadian, 3 Italian, 2 Greek, 2 Lebanese, 1 each from Afghanistan, China, Germany, India, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, 4923: 4320: 5808: 627:

returns from 22:25:50 to 22:26:04 ADT (01:25:50 to 01:26:04 UTC), at which time the aircraft's altitude was 9,700 feet (3,000 m). After this, the aircraft could only be tracked through

2471:"Aviation Investigation Report, In-Flight Fire Leading to Collision with Water, Swissair Transport Limited McDonnell Douglas MD-11 HB-IWF Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia 5 nm SW 2 September 1998" 3105: 564:(ACC) station in charge of air traffic over Nova Scotia. The pan-pan call indicated that there was an urgency due to smoke in the cockpit but did not declare an emergency as denoted by a " 4999: 4754:

Aviation Investigation Report, In-Flight Fire Leading to Collision with Water, Swissair Transport Limited McDonnell Douglas MD-11 HB-IWF Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia 5 nm SW 2 September 1998

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rear wall. The fire spread and intensified rapidly to the extent that it degraded aircraft systems and the cockpit environment, and ultimately led to the loss of control of the aircraft.

5788: 1752:(before death) dental X-rays available to the examiners, these bodies were identified by late October 1998. Fingerprints and ante-mortem X-rays were used to identify around 30 bodies. 643:

At 22:31:18 ADT (01:31:18 UTC), Flight 111 struck the ocean at an estimated speed of 345 miles per hour (555 km/h; 154 m/s; 300 kn). The impact time also coincides with

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insulation sheathing. A US federal court ruled against punitive damages in February 2002. The resulting compensations for one group of plaintiffs totaled over $ 13 million.

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The Transportation Safety Board of Canada investigation identified eleven causes and contributing factors of the crash in its final report. The first and most prominent was:

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of ticketholders, but was not listed as a nationality of any of the passengers in the list of names published 7 September 1998. See CNN citations at end of this section.

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in Halifax was put on emergency alert. The emergency health services were stood down around 3:30 AT the next morning, as expectations of finding survivors diminished.

4908: 4070: 2242:, changing the flight designator for the New York–Geneva route to LX023. The MD-11 was retired from the Swiss fleet in 2004, and the flight today is operated by an 1743:

medical examiners positively identified most of the bodies within ten weeks of the accident. Due to extreme impact forces, only one body was identifiable by sight.

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crew requested more flight distance to allow the aircraft to descend safely from its altitude of 21,000 feet (6,400 m) at the time. The crew then requested to

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power distribution, but it couldn't deliver enough power for the complete IFEN setup intended for the 257-seat configuration. As a result, 115-volt three-phase

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The plane's manifest indicated the presence of a significant amount of valuables, including 2 pounds of diamonds from ''Nature of Diamonds'' exhibition at the

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matching in the DNA identification of the victims. About 90 bodies were identified by the medical examiners using dental records; owing to the large number of

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recorders at Halifax and Moncton which detected a seismic event at the time. The collision with the water decelerated the aircraft with approximately 350

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was assigned as the on-scene commander of Operation Persistence and had authority over all aircraft and vessels within the area surrounding the crash site.

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An estimated 2 million pieces of debris were recovered and brought ashore for inspection at a secure handling facility in a marine industrial park at

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The in-flight entertainment system was the first of its kind equipped on the aircraft. It allowed the first and business class passengers to browse the

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alleged that the pilots disagreed about whether to dump fuel or descend straight to Halifax. Based on internal TSB summaries of the CVR recording, the

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divers (navy clearance divers, port inspection divers, ship's team divers, and Army combat divers) working on the recovery, a request was made by the

5758: 5734: 5728: 5448: 3379: 329:, Canada. The crash site was 8 kilometres (5 mi; 4 nmi) from shore, roughly equidistant from the small fishing and tourist communities of 5833: 3065: 1548:

By the afternoon of 3 September, it was apparent that there were no survivors from the crash and JRCC Halifax de-tasked dedicated SAR assets (CCGS

462:, 36-year-old Stefan Löw, had logged approximately 4,800 hours of total flying time, including 230 hours on the MD-11. He was an instructor on the 3485: 3100: 1294: 4960: 4382: 1231:

The first rescue resources to approach the crash site were CCGA volunteer units, which were mostly privately owned fishing boats operating from

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and the deadliest accident involving the McDonnell Douglas MD-11. It is also the second-deadliest aviation accident to occur in Canada, behind

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The investigation was unable to determine whether this arc was the "lead event" that was assumed to have ignited the flammable covering on

1672:(ROVs) to locate items. After being located, the debris was then recovered (initially by divers and ROVs, later by dredging and trawling). 4658: 2663: 1808:

most expensive transport accident investigation in Canadian history, costing CA$ 57 million (US$ 48.5 million) over five years.

5419: 4528: 5586: 5576: 3538: 3400: 2997: 1793: 1263: 3165: 1904: 5798: 5753: 5029: 4221: 4151: 2524: 1945:

served as a central hub for managing content, which facilitated movie downloads, stored flight and casino information, and collected

1327:. The organization was responsible for all ground operations including military operations and other ground search and rescue teams. 1317: 592:, where it was safe for the aircraft to dump fuel while remaining within 40 nautical miles (45 mi; 75 km) of the airport. 5828: 5773: 5368: 2377: 1201: 3421: 2043:

co-produced the episode, but withdrew it from being broadcast in Switzerland citing the speculative nature of Juby's conclusions.

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Hotel to house relatives and friends of the victims of the crash, due to the hotel's central location relative to the airport.

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The crash site's proximity to Halifax placed it within one hour's sailing time of ships docked at Canada's largest naval base,

364:, resulting in the crash of the aircraft. Several wide-ranging recommendations were made which were incorporated into newer US 337:, killing all 215 passengers and 14 crew members on board the MD-11, making the crash the deadliest accident in the history of 4408: 4040: 3038:

Kettenhofen, Suzette; Digital Information Specialist, Technology Integration, Navy Office of Information (10 September 1998).

5813: 5716: 4758: 3937: 3683: 3037: 2477: 1880: 1773: 515: 478:. All crew members on board Flight 111 were qualified, certified, and trained in accordance with Swiss regulations under the 357: 290: 202: 3768: 3349: 3319: 360:(TSB) concluded that flammable material used in the aircraft's structure allowed a fire to spread beyond the control of the 5139: 3963: 3209: 2788: 1777: 2580: 5239: 5196: 5104: 4771: 4752: 4476: 4446: 2602: 653:, causing it to disintegrate instantly. The location of the crash was identified as approximately 44°24′33″N 63°58′25″W. 572:(234 nautical miles (433 km; 269 mi) away) before accepting Moncton ATC's offer of radar vectors to the closer 3516: 5803: 5596: 4170: 2069: 1324: 4884: 4207:"'Treasure, it just makes people crazy': Enduring mystery of lost diamonds, millions in cash from Swissair Flight 111" 5793: 5768: 5131: 5096: 5021: 4888: 4805: 4786: 3921: 3451: 3022: 2087:

to search the crash site but faced opposition from victims' relatives, leading to the withdrawal of the application.

2033: 1275: 4385:[SR 111 funeral service: media service and program] (in German). Swissair. 10 September 1998. Archived from 1680:

system started to overheat. The TSB released its preliminary report on 30 August 2000 and the final report in 2003.

1423: 416:. The cabin was configured with 241 passenger seats. First and business class seats were equipped with in-seat 5472: 5072: 5064: 4582: 2318: 2313: 1827: 1656:

welcomed two teams of Canadian Navy Clearance Divers that flew across Canada from Fleet Diving Unit (FDU) Pacific.

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Chisholm suggested that treasure hunters might have covertly explored the area in the years following the crash.

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in 2001, an event that caused a significant and widespread disruption to the aviation transportation industry.

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for approximately thirteen minutes, which was later found to be caused by communication radio tuning errors.

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reportedly paid out an estimated $ 300 million for the lost diamonds and jewels. The company applied for a

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The original system design provided IFEN to all 257 seats. Originally, the IFEN was to be powered from the

1398: 1232: 624: 330: 85: 4122:"American Museum of Natural History Research Library: The Nature of Diamonds (Exhibition) (amnhc_5000481)" 4096: 2970: 2716: 2178:

A non-denominational memorial service was held on the grounds of East St. Margaret's Elementary School in

2072:, 4 pounds of watches, 10 pounds of jewelry, and 49 kilograms of cash intended for a U.S. bank in Geneva. 5636: 5427: 5400: 5174: 4691: 4605: 4600: 3371: 2565: 2556: 2179: 1789: 569: 549:

system. Four minutes later, the odour returned and smoke became visible, prompting the pilots to make a "

522:(00:18 UTC) on 2 September 1998. From 20:33 – 20:47 EDT (00:33 to 00:47 UTC), the aircraft experienced a 2182:

on 9 September 1998. Among those in attendance were 175 relatives of the crash victims, Swiss president

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in Volume 25 of the magazine. The author, Dean Andromidas, based his assertion on the fact that former

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The initial focus of the recovery was on finding and identifying human remains and on recovering the

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Canada (Information Commissioner) v. Canada (Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board)

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who took over Swissair's route network and fleet and began operating flights as the newly renamed

1901:). Death was instantaneous for all passengers and crew due to the impact forces and deceleration. 5496: 5317: 5255: 2506: 1841: 1677: 1659:

The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR) were found by the submarine HMCS

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July 2000 report "The Long Fall of One-Eleven Heavy" highlighting the human side of the accident

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Following the bankruptcy of Swissair in 2001, their international traffic rights were passed to

2016: 1308:(EHS), received word of the crash at 22:39 AT, and ordered 21 emergency units from Halifax, the 635:

with almost no flight instruments and little to no view outside, it is possible that Löw became

5646: 5247: 4632: 4246: 3890: 3708: 2655: 2223: 2152: 2084: 2051: 1430: 1298: 1236: 1168: 636: 616: 406: 342: 334: 4536: 5566: 5384: 5376: 5325: 5309: 5274: 5204: 5166: 4977: 3151: 1619: 1605: 1451: 1108: 534: 470:. From 1982 to 1990, Löw had been a pilot in the Swiss Air Force. The cabin crew comprised a 386: 189: 2991: 2828: 5686: 5212: 4902: 3793: 2228: 2076: 1719: 1623: 1309: 1221: 612: 577: 349: 4338:

Cox, Kevin; Tu, Thanh Ha (10 September 1998). "Crash victims mourned at sunset ceremony".

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had been scheduled to fly on Swissair 111, which was also reported in the British tabloid

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performing this flight, registration HB-IWF, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean southwest of

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St. Kitts and Nevis nationality was estimated by Swiss Air on 4 September 1998 based on

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turbofan engines and the aircraft had logged 36,041 airframe hours before the accident.

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and codeshare partner Delta Air Lines in responding to the accident; he had criticized

530: 467: 421: 3605: 3281: 3202:"229 people, 15 000 body parts: pathologists help solve Swissair 111's grisly puzzles" 2758: 1749: 420:(IFE) systems from Interactive Flight Technologies. The aircraft was powered by three 5112: 4801: 4782: 4696: 4666: 4353: 4178: 3917: 3652: 3580: 3228: 3201: 3183: 3079: 3059: 3043: 3018: 2948: 2808: 2762: 2191: 2128: 2007: 1995: 1364: 1193: 519: 390: 5147: 4015: 3572: 3452:"Swissair crash recordings revive drama of one of Canada's worst aviation disasters" 3166:

Airlines act swiftly to help relatives New U.S. law required detailed emergency plan

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on 11 September 1998. The following year, another memorial was held in Nova Scotia.

4048: 3769:"Supporting technical information A98H0003 - Transportation Safety Board of Canada" 3218: 2796: 2754: 1953: 1938: 1871:

in wiring of the in-flight entertainment network (IFEN), but this did not trip the

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stopped operating at 22:25:40 ADT (01:25:40 UTC), followed one second later by the

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extended to the high power consumption and overall heat generation of the system.

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The search and rescue response, crash recovery operation and investigation by the

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to reduce their weight for landing. Halifax thus vectored the plane south toward

452: 353: 310: 4152:"Mystery of lost diamonds endures, 20 years after the Swissair Flight 111 crash" 3914:

Twice as Far: The True Story of Swissair Flight 111 Airplane Crash Investigation

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229 Victims Knew Jet Was In Trouble Airport Inn Becomes Heartbreak Hotel Again

2594: 2111:, were on board the aircraft and were destroyed in the accident. At the time, 1301:. Calls went out immediately and ships sailed directly to St. Margaret's Bay. 1175:

and a married couple, died in the crash. Joseph LaMotta, son of boxing legend

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Government of Canada, Transportation Safety Board of Canada (27 March 2003).

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it had become so extensive that it was impossible to address as it happened.

1711: 1522: 1471: 1409: 1279: 1271: 1213: 798: 628: 511: 490: 382: 294: 206: 111: 98: 4723: 4071:""Warum haben sich die Piloten so verhalten? Das habe ich mich oft gefragt"" 3676:"History of IFE Systems: From analog to digital – a start with difficulties" 5231: 3177: 2305: 2183: 1868: 1832: 1830:. Several key minutes of the air traffic control audio can be found on the 1707: 1642: 1635: 1598: 1377: 1176: 975: 644: 413: 3232: 2800: 1323:

The land search, including shoreline searching, was the responsibility of

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The aircraft involved was a seven-year-old McDonnell Douglas MD-11, with

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Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary on tailstrike.com

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not helpful in the system design where IFEN was connected to AC Bus 2.

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Touchscreen In-flight entertainment system aboard Swissair MD-11 (1997)

1744: 1556:(RCMP) were given overall command of the recovery operation, with HMCS 1394: 1316:

to respond. An EHS helicopter was also sent to the crash site, and the

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that took part in the search and rescue operation after the accident.

3635: 605: 306: 4943: 4601:"Karen E. Maillet-Domingue and Solvay/Eco Services Scholarship Fund" 3422:"Swissair recordings revive horrifying drama of deadly 1998 tragedy" 2195: 2024: 5470: 4909:

Lloyd's statement regarding Swissair crash site license application

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Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act

3314:

Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act

2743:"Jonathan Mann and Mary Lou Clements-Mann killed in airplane crash" 2235: 2020: 1797: 1715: 1179:, also died. The LaMotta family later sued Swissair for his death. 1172: 494:

Swissair Flight 111 crashed 8 km (5 mi) off the coast of

435: 431: 338: 158: 393:

in 1991, and Swissair was its only operator. It bore the title of

1898: 1611: 1572: 814: 716: 649: 554: 550: 542: 4016:"Swissair 111 Crash Spurs Debate On Following Cockpit Procedure" 3015:

Forensic DNA Typing: biology & technology behind STR markers

2656:"From Europe and New York, grieving families head to crash site" 4367:

Toughill, Kelly (10 September 1998). "229 mourned at service".

2321:– another aviation accident which occurred due to inflight fire 2299: 2133: 2124: 1957: 1690: 959: 943: 907: 830: 764: 699: 565: 302: 225: 5007: 4610: 2962: 1590:

searches for Swissair Flight 111 debris on 14 September, with

5809:

Accidents and incidents involving the McDonnell Douglas MD-11

3735:"Doomed plane's gaming system exposes holes in FAA oversight" 3539:"Canadian Press video of last minutes of Swissair flight 111" 2137: 1050: 927: 861: 748: 732: 1697: 1676:

have been caused by faulty wiring in the cockpit after the

1580: 1571:. As the force of impact was "in the order of at least 350 1339: 1147:

There were 132 Americans (including one employee each from

877: 398: 147: 5789:

Airliner accidents and incidents caused by in-flight fires

4885:

Transportation Safety Board of Canada investigation report

4633:"www.PlaneSafe.org: Assistance: Family Support Team (FST)" 3964:"Ex-Mountie suspected incendiary device in Swissair crash" 3828:. Moscow, Russia: Narodny Variant Publishers. p. 219. 3709:"www.PlaneSafe.org: Assistance: Family Support Team (FST)" 2913:"Ceremonies mark a decade since Swissair Flight 111 crash" 1519:

Anti-Submarine helicopters, flown by 423 MHS and 406 MOTS

1393:

The ships were assisted by several CCG helicopters (model

1333:

List of vessels involved in the search and rescue actions

1239:, as well as other harbours on St. Margaret's Bay and the 401:

of the same name. Until 1992, the aircraft bore the title

4971: 3631:"Employees warned of heat on jets' entertainment systems" 2003: 1929:

based In-Flight Entertainment Network (IFEN) system with

1925:

Both first and business class seats were equipped with a

1243:. They were soon joined by the dedicated CCG SAR vessel, 533:(01:10 UTC, 52 minutes after takeoff), while flying over 4659:"Heat Damage Is Found in Wires of Swissair Video System" 4323:. Rapoport Law Offices. 27 February 2002. Archived from 3040:"U.S. Navy Assists With Recovery of Swissair Flight 111" 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2217: 4499:"Articles on memorial maintenance difficulties ca 2002" 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 1683:

The final phase of wreckage recovery employed the ship

4277:"Swissair Flight 111 tragedy still raw 15 years later" 3080:

U.S. Navy assists with recovery of Swissair Flight 111

1985: 356:

57 million. The investigation carried out by the

289:) was a scheduled international passenger flight from 3990:"Flight 111 and might-have-could-have-possibly-maybe" 3916:. Rj Parker Publishing (published 2017). p. 59. 3012: 2648: 1710:, the head of the emergency management task force of 1652:

s crew were 32 salvage divers. Additionally, the USS

1390:(initial tasking – first government vessel on scene) 4321:"Over $ 13 Million for Victims of Swissair Disaster" 3938:"Swissair crash speculation prompts anger, surprise" 3841:"Did British intelligence down Swissair Flight 111?" 3766: 2392: 2253: 1994:, through the planting of a magnesium sulfate-based 580:, 66 nautical miles (76 mi; 122 km) away. 4920:

Lloyd's statement regarding the Swissair crash site

4409:"Coordination and Planning Secretariat, Flight 111" 3822:

The Big Breach; From Top Secret to Maximum Security

2547: 1163:, and 4 other passengers on board. Epidemiologists 5038:1946 American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crash 4867:Swissair – Information about the accident of SR111 2789:"Plane Crash Kills Two Prominent AIDS Researchers" 2123:In September 1999, Swissair, Delta Air Lines, and 1912: 4861:Detailed report about the crash on Austrian Wings 3901:: 53. 24–25 October 1998 – via NZZ Archive. 3372:"ATC transcript Swissair Flight 111 – 2 SEP 1998" 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2854:"Americas Boxing champ sues over plane crash son" 2595:"Air traffic control transcript for Swissair 111" 2115:painting's value was estimated at $ 1.5 million. 1641:was tasked to the recovery effort, arriving from 5745: 4383:"SR 111-Trauerfeier: Medienservice und Programm" 3657:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3573:"Swissair Pilots Differed On How to Avoid Crash" 2813:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2024 ( 2581:"20 years later : Remembering Swissair 111" 1543: 4796:Wilkins, David; Murphey, Cecil (January 2003). 4776: 4559:"Man biking to Canada in honor of crash victim" 4222:"Search for Swissair diamonds angers relatives" 631:, which does not provide altitude information. 4795: 3364: 3187:. 4 September 1998. Retrieved on 9 March 2014. 3155:. 4 September 1998. Retrieved on 9 March 2014. 2897: 2829:"The Johns Hopkins Gazette: September 8, 1998" 1187: 5707:Lignes Aériennes Congolaises Boeing 727 crash 5456: 4993: 3132: 2631:on 5 April 2003 – via internet archive. 1998:in the cockpit, was posited in an article by 84:Atlantic Ocean, 9 km (5.6 mls) southwest off 44:HB-IWF, the aircraft involved on 14 July 1998 4779:Flight 111:The Tragedy of the Swissair Crash 4356:. Province of Nova Scotia. 9 September 1998. 4219: 3639:. Archived from the original on 17 June 2003 3064:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2951:. Province of Nova Scotia. 3 September 1998. 2578: 1734: 5420:Toronto Pearson International Airport heist 4253:. Halifax, Nova Scotia. 14 September 1998. 541:, the flight crew detected an odour in the 5764:Airliner accidents and incidents in Canada 5587:Pakistan International Airlines Flight 544 5463: 5449: 5008:Aviation accidents and incidents in Canada 5000: 4986: 4439:"Swissair Flight 111 Memorial: Whalesback" 3863: 3838: 2949:"N.S. Efforts in Swissair Crash Aftermath" 2344: 1755: 1552:and the CH-113 Labrador helicopters). The 1264:406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron 568:" call. The crew requested a diversion to 38: 4503:International Aviation Safety Association 4469:"Swissair Flight 111 Memorial: Bayswater" 3866:"More mysteries over Swissair Flight 111" 3818: 3222: 2941: 2480:. 27 March 2003. A98H0003. Archived from 2143: 1976: 1921:Video system aboard Swissair MD-11 (1999) 1698:Response to victims' families and friends 1318:Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre 5759:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1998 4800:. Pacific Press Publishing Association. 4529:"Flight 111 Special Places Memorial Act" 4366: 4331: 4041:"Could the pilot have landed the plane?" 3348:. Canadian Legal Information Institute. 3318:. Canadian Legal Information Institute. 3195: 3193: 2740: 2587: 2166: 2158: 2147: 1990:On October 16, 1998, the involvement of 1916: 1903: 1759: 1579: 1202:Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Halifax 599:Final flight path of Swissair Flight 111 594: 489: 434:, select their own movies and games and 273: 5834:Halifax Stanfield International Airport 5547:Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 727 crash 4863:(German, published on 2 September 2013) 4692:"Swissair Takes a Gamble on New System" 4168: 3732: 2345:Pearlstein, Steven (3 September 1998). 664:Final tally of passenger nationalities 545:and determined it to be smoke from the 506:seen below the lighthouse on the right. 319:Halifax Stanfield International Airport 14: 5746: 4814: 4479:from the original on 26 September 2015 4449:from the original on 26 September 2015 4220:swissinfo.ch, S. W. I. (19 May 2000). 4169:Depalma, Anthony (17 September 1998). 3571:Carley, William M. (21 January 1999). 3570: 3552:from the original on 29 September 2007 3432:from the original on 28 September 2007 3419: 3382:from the original on 17 September 2011 2910: 2714: 2513:. 30 October 1998 – via Reuters. 2380:from the original on 12 September 2006 2347:"SWISSAIR JET CRASHES OFF NOVA SCOTIA" 2194:. A memorial service was also held in 1786:Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau 1182: 5717:Thai Airways International Flight 261 5577:Occidental Petroleum Boeing 737 crash 5444: 5046:Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108 4981: 4759:Transportation Safety Board of Canada 4583:"Robert Martin Maillet Memorial Fund" 4337: 4201: 4199: 4171:"Swissair Jet Was Holding Museum Gem" 4146: 4144: 4142: 3864:Andromidas, Dean (13 November 1998). 3762: 3760: 3703: 3701: 3670: 3668: 3506: 3292:from the original on 23 February 2009 3190: 2963:"About – Halifax Search & Rescue" 2911:Beaton, Virginia (8 September 2008). 2696:from the original on 25 December 2004 2678: 2666:from the original on 12 November 2007 2478:Transportation Safety Board of Canada 2327:– another case of fire in the cockpit 2218:Aftermath and effects on the industry 1867:Investigators identified evidence of 1811: 1774:Transportation Safety Board of Canada 1764:Cargo door and other recovered debris 516:John F. Kennedy International Airport 498:. Pictured is the community's iconic 358:Transportation Safety Board of Canada 305:, Switzerland. The flight was also a 291:John F. Kennedy International Airport 203:John F. Kennedy International Airport 5140:Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 21 5030:Saint-Donat RCAF Liberator III crash 4823: 4657:Wald, Matthew L. (30 October 1998). 4656: 4354:"Swissair Memorial Service –Program" 4291:"Swissair Offers to Settle in Crash" 3911: 3839:Andromidas, Dean (16 October 1998). 3606:"Swissair Pilots May Have Disagreed" 3458:from the original on 29 October 2008 3352:from the original on 19 October 2008 3322:from the original on 19 October 2008 3210:Canadian Medical Association Journal 3199: 2973:from the original on 29 January 2018 2715:Cimons, Marlene (4 September 1998). 1778:National Transportation Safety Board 5369:Missinippi Airways Cessna 208 crash 5240:Pacific Western Airlines Flight 501 5197:Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314 5105:Maritime Central Airways Flight 315 4798:United by Tragedy: A Father's Story 2880:"Ex-boxer's son, prince among dead" 2222:After the crash of Flight 111, the 1986:Conspiracy and alternative theories 1297:, the CCG Regional Headquarters in 352:took more than four years and cost 24: 4967:Swissair crash warning to airlines 4745: 4257:from the original on 23 April 2008 4196: 4139: 4013: 3757: 3698: 3665: 2929:from the original on 27 March 2012 2741:Wehrwein, Peter (September 1998). 2507:"Did Game System Doom Flight 111?" 2070:American Museum of Natural History 1816:The cockpit voice recorder used a 1560:remaining the on-scene commander. 1325:Halifax Regional Search and Rescue 1304:The provincial ambulance service, 485: 389:as HB-IWF. It was manufactured by 25: 5845: 5132:Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 831 5097:Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810 4944:Swissair Flight 111 memorial site 4833: 3942:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 3879:(45): 56 – via Larouchepub. 3488:from the original on 28 June 2012 2686:"Names of Swissair crash victims" 2605:from the original on 21 June 2016 2579:Meghan Groff (2 September 2016). 2163:Flowers at the Bayswater memorial 1949:data transmitted from each seat. 1853: 1514:SAR helicopters, flown by 413 TRS 1282:aircraft from CFB Greenwood from 1276:413 Transport and Rescue Squadron 1204:(JRCC Halifax), which tasked the 278:Approximate location of the crash 5754:Swissair accidents and incidents 5473:Aviation accidents and incidents 4846: 4704:from the original on 3 June 2016 4415:. 26 August 1999. Archived from 4301:from the original on 8 July 2018 4247:"Picasso Painting Lost in Crash" 3682:. 21 August 2019. Archived from 3519:from the original on 24 May 2007 3509:"Doomed flight's tapes released" 3271:Supporting Technical Information 3090:. Retrieved on 6 September 2012. 2319:South African Airways Flight 295 2314:Aviation accidents and incidents 2298: 2284: 2270: 2256: 1729: 1260:423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron 1200:and was launched immediately by 1171:, both prominent researchers of 1080:United Kingdom and United States 623:briefly resumed transmission of 5829:September 1998 events in Canada 5774:History of Halifax, Nova Scotia 5081:Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 9 4815:Wilson, Budge (February 2016). 4716: 4684: 4650: 4625: 4593: 4575: 4567:. 2 August 2000. Archived from 4551: 4521: 4491: 4461: 4431: 4401: 4375: 4360: 4346: 4313: 4283: 4269: 4239: 4213: 4162: 4114: 4089: 4063: 4033: 4007: 3982: 3956: 3930: 3905: 3883: 3857: 3832: 3812: 3786: 3726: 3623: 3598: 3564: 3531: 3500: 3470: 3444: 3413: 3394: 3334: 3304: 3274: 3254: 3242:from the original on 8 May 2018 3200:Robb, Nancy (26 January 1999). 3158: 3114: 3093: 3072: 3031: 3006: 2985: 2955: 2872: 2846: 2821: 2781: 2734: 2717:"Crash Claims 2 AIDS Crusaders" 2708: 2635: 1913:In-flight entertainment network 1782:Federal Aviation Administration 1714:, praised the swift actions of 1628:Government of the United States 1196:(SAR) operation was code-named 366:Federal Aviation Administration 5557:Philippine Airlines Flight 137 3733:Stoller, Gary (30 June 2004). 3013:Butler, John Marshall (2001). 2617: 2572: 2517: 2499: 2366: 2338: 1527:405 Long Range Patrol Squadron 1284:405 Long Range Patrol Squadron 1226:Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary 1022:Switzerland and United Kingdom 13: 1: 5779:Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia 5667:Cubana de Aviación Flight 389 5597:MIAT Mongolian Airlines crash 5393:West Wind Aviation Flight 282 5342:Northwest Airlines Flight 253 4852:airliners.net's Photo gallery 4824:Juby, Thomas (January 2017). 4772:French version available here 4077:(in German). 1 September 2023 3912:Juby, Tom (25 January 2017). 3891:"Einbruch bei der SAir Group" 3873:Executive Intelligence Review 3794:"A Rogue Spy's Cyber-Revenge" 3017:. Academic Press, San Diego. 2759:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)60021-9 2560:. Season 1. Episode 3. 2003. 2331: 2240:Swiss International Air Lines 2094: 2000:Executive Intelligence Review 1850:might have been" on the CVR. 1554:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 1544:Search and recovery operation 1036:Switzerland and United States 574:Halifax International Airport 371: 5814:1990s fires in North America 5799:Canada–Switzerland relations 5537:Formosa Airlines Flight 7623 5334:Cougar Helicopters Flight 91 4097:"Swiss Federal Archives SFA" 3102:Minor War Vessel Involvement 2922:. Vol. 42, no. 8. 2803:(inactive 28 February 2024). 2063: 2023:at Swissair headquarters in 7: 5637:Proteus Airlines Flight 706 5428:Northwestern Air Flight 738 5401:Sky Lease Cargo Flight 4854 5175:American Airlines Flight 96 5073:British Columbia B-36 crash 5065:Douglas C-54D disappearance 4606:Baton Rouge Area Foundation 3819:Tomlinson, Richard (2001). 3507:Beeby, Dean (22 May 2007). 3121:Transportation Safety Board 2374:"Nova: Crash of Flight 111" 2249: 1933:in-seat video displays and 1877:designed to trip on arcing. 1794:Air Line Pilots Association 1270:SAR helicopters flown from 1188:Search and rescue operation 446:In command was 49-year-old 376: 313:. On 2 September 1998, the 10: 5850: 5627:Indian Airlines Flight 503 5617:United Airlines Flight 863 5022:American Airlines Flight 1 4473:Historical Marker Database 4443:Historical Marker Database 4101:www.recherche.bar.admin.ch 3282:"Fire downed Swissair 111" 3042:. Navy.mil. Archived from 2625:"Location of debris field" 2190:, and Nova Scotia premier 2186:, Canadian prime minister 2118: 1890:standby attitude indicator 1670:remotely operated vehicles 1122: 1106: 1092: 1078: 1064: 1048: 1034: 1020: 1003: 989: 973: 957: 941: 925: 905: 891: 875: 859: 845: 812: 795: 778: 762: 746: 730: 713: 697: 681: 656: 480:Joint Aviation Authorities 58:2 September 1998 5804:Marine salvage operations 5726: 5657:Myanma Airways Flight 635 5527:China Airlines Flight 676 5488: 5411: 5352: 5301: 5266: 5223: 5182:Panarctic Oils Flight 416 5158: 5123: 5056: 5013: 4922:." Tuesday 23 May 2000. ( 4845: 4840: 4828:. R.J. Parker Publishing. 4533:Government of Nova Scotia 4413:Government of Nova Scotia 2173:Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia 2099:Two paintings, including 2058: 1735:Identification of victims 1401:, and auxiliary vessels. 1332: 1306:Emergency Health Services 1293:, and one of the largest 677: 674: 671: 668: 663: 510:Flight 111 took off from 474:(purser) and eleven 264: 256: 248: 240: 232: 217: 198: 188: 180: 172: 164: 154: 142: 132: 127: 80: 69: 54: 49: 37: 27:Aviation accident in 1998 5794:1998 disasters in Canada 5769:Disasters in Nova Scotia 5507:Cavalese cable car crash 4911:." Friday 19 May 2000. ( 4777:Kimber, Stephen (1999). 3108:12 November 2007 at the 3000:25 February 2007 at the 2562:Discovery Channel Canada 2525:"The sr111 pilot's wife" 2050:It has emerged that the 1686:Queen of the Netherlands 1254:helicopters, flown from 5497:Cebu Pacific Flight 387 5318:MK Airlines Flight 1602 5256:Air Ontario Flight 1363 4937:23 January 2015 at the 4781:. Seal Books, Toronto. 3577:The Wall Street Journal 3410:(accessed 25 May 2007). 3406:4 February 2016 at the 3376:Aviation Safety Network 2039:on September 16, 2011. 1842:The Wall Street Journal 1839:In 1999, an article in 1828:Federal Court of Appeal 1792:, Pratt & Whitney, 1756:Examination of wreckage 1722:in its response to the 1664:seconds before impact. 1630:for a larger dedicated 637:spatially disorientated 500:Peggys Point Lighthouse 464:McDonnell Douglas MD-80 441: 418:in-flight entertainment 315:McDonnell Douglas MD-11 137:McDonnell Douglas MD-11 5647:Korean Air Flight 8702 5248:Arrow Air Flight 1285R 3267:27 August 2009 at the 2175: 2164: 2156: 2153:Bayswater, Nova Scotia 2144:Memorials and tributes 2136:, the supplier of the 2085:Nova Scotia government 2052:Swiss Federal Archives 1977:Safety recommendations 1922: 1909: 1865: 1765: 1645:on 9 September. Among 1615: 1537: 1525:ASW aircraft flown by 1169:Mary Lou Clements-Mann 893:Iran and United States 617:cockpit voice recorder 600: 507: 407:canton of Schaffhausen 343:Arrow Air Flight 1285R 279: 5567:Air France Flight 422 5517:Sudan Air Force crash 5385:Air Canada Flight 624 5377:First Air Flight 6560 5326:Air France Flight 358 5310:Korean Air Flight 085 5275:Air Canada Flight 646 5205:Air Canada Flight 189 5167:Air Canada Flight 621 4877:29 April 1999 at the 4819:. Pottersfield Press. 4126:data.library.amnh.org 3152:Philadelphia Inquirer 2801:10.1126/article.39070 2627:. TSB. Archived from 2170: 2162: 2151: 1920: 1907: 1860: 1763: 1702:JFK Airport used the 1583: 1343: 1198:Operation Persistence 1159:, Mexico, Sweden and 598: 493: 277: 112:44.40917°N 63.97361°W 5687:PauknAir Flight 4101 5213:Quebecair Flight 255 4589:on 11 December 2007. 4327:on 11 February 2012. 3895:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 3171:9 March 2014 at the 3145:3 March 2016 at the 3126:30 July 2008 at the 2692:. 7 September 1998. 2662:. 4 September 1998. 2601:. 2 September 1998. 2229:September 11 attacks 2017:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 1992:British intelligence 1720:Trans World Airlines 1624:Government of Canada 1480:CF auxiliary vessels 1222:Canadian Coast Guard 613:flight data recorder 578:Enfield, Nova Scotia 350:government of Canada 297:, United States, to 5824:1998 in Nova Scotia 5784:1998 in Switzerland 5735:► 1999 5729:1997 ◄ 5677:Swissair Flight 111 5361:Conair CV-580 crash 5291:Swissair Flight 111 4613:on 17 February 2018 4571:on 19 October 2012. 4389:on 25 February 1999 4014:Carley, William M. 3970:. 15 September 2011 3944:. 15 September 2011 3686:on 22 February 2024 3342:"section 29 of the 3312:"section 28 of the 2860:. 10 September 1998 2566:National Geographic 2352:The Washington Post 2325:EgyptAir Flight 804 1894:airspeed indicators 1295:CCG bases in Canada 1241:Aspotogan Peninsula 1183:Post-crash response 1157:St. Kitts and Nevis 562:area control center 558:air traffic control 422:Pratt & Whitney 321:at the entrance to 283:Swissair Flight 111 117:44.40917; -63.97361 108: / 34: 33:Swissair Flight 111 5732: 5697:Lionair Flight 602 5607:Propair Flight 420 5283:Propair Flight 420 4663:The New York Times 4539:on 20 October 2008 4340:The Globe and Mail 4175:The New York Times 3088:United States Navy 2599:PlaneCrashInfo.com 2487:on 17 October 2013 2278:Switzerland portal 2176: 2165: 2157: 2127:(who had acquired 2019:had reported on a 1923: 1910: 1812:Cockpit recordings 1766: 1616: 1338:The following are 1228:(CCGA) resources. 1214:Land Force Command 601: 590:St. Margaret's Bay 508: 397:, in honor of the 280: 143:Aircraft name 133:Aircraft type 32: 5741: 5740: 5438: 5437: 5113:Pan Am Flight 115 4903:Lloyd's of London 4857: 4856: 4697:Los Angeles Times 4297:. 6 August 1999. 3680:Lufthansa Systems 3288:. 27 March 2003. 3184:The Baltimore Sun 3138:Adamson, April. " 3046:on 1 October 2012 2721:Los Angeles Times 2554:"Fire on Board". 2224:flight designator 2192:Russell MacLellan 2129:McDonnell Douglas 2083:license from the 2077:Lloyd's of London 2012:News of the World 2008:Richard Tomlinson 1996:incendiary device 1875:, which were not 1634:recovery vessel. 1541: 1540: 1194:search and rescue 1145: 1144: 833:and United States 619:. The aircraft's 504:St. Margarets Bay 476:flight attendants 391:McDonnell Douglas 368:(FAA) standards. 323:St. Margarets Bay 272: 271: 16:(Redirected from 5841: 5733: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5465: 5458: 5451: 5442: 5441: 5431: 5423: 5404: 5396: 5388: 5380: 5372: 5364: 5345: 5337: 5329: 5321: 5313: 5312:(September 2001) 5294: 5293:(September 1998) 5286: 5278: 5259: 5251: 5243: 5235: 5216: 5208: 5200: 5192: 5191:(September 1976) 5178: 5170: 5151: 5150:(September 1967) 5143: 5135: 5116: 5108: 5100: 5092: 5084: 5076: 5068: 5049: 5048:(September 1949) 5041: 5033: 5025: 5002: 4995: 4988: 4979: 4978: 4954:Swissair profile 4850: 4849: 4838: 4837: 4829: 4820: 4811: 4792: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4700:. 31 July 1996. 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4609:. Archived from 4597: 4591: 4590: 4585:. Archived from 4579: 4573: 4572: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4535:. Archived from 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4509:on 1 August 2008 4505:. Archived from 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4226:SWI swissinfo.ch 4217: 4211: 4210: 4203: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4148: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4047:. Archived from 4037: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3870: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3845: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3741:. Archived from 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3705: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3672: 3663: 3662: 3656: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3602: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3543: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3417: 3411: 3401:the Toronto Star 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3278: 3272: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3241: 3226: 3206: 3197: 3188: 3162: 3156: 3136: 3130: 3118: 3112: 3097: 3091: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3063: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3010: 3004: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2928: 2917: 2908: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2812: 2804: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2652: 2646: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2535:on 16 April 2023 2531:. 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In the 1873:circuit breakers 1825: 1824: 1820: 1704:JFK Ramada Plaza 1651: 1569:flight recorders 1330: 1329: 1314:Annapolis Valley 1210:Maritime Command 1005:Switzerland and 661: 660: 553:" radio call to 547:air conditioning 472:maître de cabine 414:of the same name 299:Cointrin Airport 123: 122: 120: 119: 118: 113: 109: 106: 105: 104: 101: 65: 63: 42: 35: 31: 21: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5731: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5484: 5478: 5476: 5471: 5469: 5439: 5434: 5426: 5418: 5407: 5403:(November 2018) 5399: 5395:(December 2017) 5391: 5383: 5375: 5367: 5359: 5348: 5344:(December 2009) 5340: 5332: 5324: 5316: 5308: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5277:(December 1997) 5273: 5262: 5254: 5250:(December 1985) 5246: 5238: 5230: 5219: 5211: 5203: 5199:(February 1978) 5195: 5187: 5173: 5165: 5154: 5146: 5138: 5134:(November 1963) 5130: 5119: 5115:(February 1959) 5111: 5103: 5099:(December 1956) 5095: 5087: 5079: 5075:(February 1950) 5071: 5063: 5052: 5044: 5036: 5028: 5020: 5009: 5006: 4939:Wayback Machine 4879:Wayback Machine 4847: 4836: 4808: 4789: 4764: 4762: 4761:, 27 March 2003 4751: 4748: 4746:Further reading 4743: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4616: 4614: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4452: 4450: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4422: 4420: 4419:on 12 June 2010 4407: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4365: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4336: 4332: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4295:Washington Post 4289: 4288: 4284: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4218: 4214: 4205: 4204: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4167: 4163: 4150: 4149: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4105: 4103: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4045:www.iasa.com.au 4039: 4038: 4034: 4024: 4022: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3947: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3910: 3906: 3889: 3888: 3884: 3868: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3803: 3801: 3798:www.cbsnews.com 3792: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3775: 3765: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3745:on 30 June 2004 3731: 3727: 3717: 3715: 3707: 3706: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3674: 3673: 3666: 3650: 3649: 3642: 3640: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3589: 3587: 3569: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3454:. 22 May 2007. 3450: 3449: 3445: 3435: 3433: 3418: 3414: 3408:Wayback Machine 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3269:Wayback Machine 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3204: 3198: 3191: 3173:Wayback Machine 3163: 3159: 3147:Wayback Machine 3137: 3133: 3128:Wayback Machine 3119: 3115: 3110:Wayback Machine 3098: 3094: 3077: 3073: 3057: 3056: 3049: 3047: 3036: 3032: 3025: 3011: 3007: 3002:Wayback Machine 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2915: 2909: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2884:Tampa Bay Times 2878: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2861: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2837: 2835: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2806: 2805: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2739: 2735: 2725: 2723: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2640: 2636: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2608: 2606: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2577: 2573: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2538: 2536: 2529:www.iasa.com.au 2523: 2522: 2518: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2304: 2297: 2292:Aviation portal 2290: 2285: 2283: 2276: 2271: 2269: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2244:Airbus A330-300 2220: 2146: 2121: 2097: 2066: 2061: 1988: 1979: 1915: 1856: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1758: 1737: 1732: 1726:crash in 1996. 1700: 1649: 1604:(right), and a 1546: 1517:CH-124 Sea King 1515: 1512:CH-113 Labrador 1426:Ville de Québec 1268:CH-113 Labrador 1252:CH-124 Sea King 1218:Canadian Forces 1190: 1185: 1153:United Airlines 1149:Delta Air Lines 659: 625:secondary radar 604:the aircraft's 488: 486:Flight timeline 453:Swiss Air Force 444: 379: 374: 311:Delta Air Lines 224: 213:, United States 205: 173:ICAO flight No. 165:IATA flight No. 116: 114: 110: 107: 102: 99: 97: 95: 94: 93: 61: 59: 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5847: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5739: 5738: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5468: 5467: 5460: 5453: 5445: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5430:(January 2024) 5424: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5397: 5389: 5381: 5373: 5365: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5346: 5338: 5330: 5322: 5320:(October 2004) 5314: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5287: 5279: 5270: 5268: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5252: 5244: 5236: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5193: 5189:TWA Flight 355 5185: 5184:(October 1974) 5179: 5171: 5162: 5160: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5148:ČSA Flight 523 5144: 5136: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5109: 5101: 5093: 5085: 5077: 5069: 5067:(January 1950) 5060: 5058: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5050: 5042: 5040:(October 1946) 5034: 5032:(October 1943) 5026: 5024:(October 1941) 5017: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5005: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4964: 4951: 4941: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4916: 4900: 4892: 4882: 4864: 4855: 4854: 4843: 4842: 4841:External image 4835: 4834:External links 4832: 4831: 4830: 4821: 4817:After Swissair 4812: 4806: 4793: 4787: 4774: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4724:"SWR23 / LX23" 4715: 4683: 4649: 4624: 4592: 4574: 4550: 4520: 4490: 4460: 4430: 4400: 4374: 4359: 4345: 4330: 4312: 4282: 4268: 4238: 4212: 4195: 4161: 4138: 4113: 4088: 4075:Tages-Anzeiger 4062: 4051:on 25 May 2003 4032: 4006: 3994:Stephen Kimber 3981: 3955: 3929: 3922: 3904: 3882: 3856: 3831: 3811: 3785: 3756: 3725: 3697: 3664: 3622: 3597: 3563: 3530: 3499: 3469: 3443: 3426:Canadian Press 3412: 3393: 3363: 3333: 3303: 3273: 3253: 3217:(2): 241–243. 3189: 3157: 3131: 3113: 3099:Wiggins, T.W. 3092: 3071: 3030: 3023: 3005: 2984: 2954: 2940: 2896: 2871: 2845: 2820: 2780: 2733: 2707: 2677: 2647: 2634: 2616: 2586: 2571: 2546: 2516: 2498: 2391: 2365: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2295: 2281: 2267: 2251: 2248: 2219: 2216: 2180:Indian Harbour 2145: 2142: 2120: 2117: 2096: 2093: 2081:treasure-trove 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 1987: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1927:Windows NT 4.0 1914: 1911: 1855: 1854:Probable cause 1852: 1813: 1810: 1776:(TSB), the US 1757: 1754: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1724:TWA Flight 800 1699: 1696: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1509: 1508: 1482: 1481: 1469: 1468: 1407: 1406: 1348: 1347: 1335: 1334: 1258:by crews from 1256:CFB Shearwater 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1066:United Kingdom 1063: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1002: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 988: 987: 984: 981: 978: 972: 971: 968: 965: 962: 956: 955: 952: 949: 946: 940: 939: 936: 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A7. 4370: 4363: 4355: 4349: 4342:. p. A1. 4341: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4278: 4272: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4208: 4202: 4200: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4127: 4123: 4117: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4076: 4072: 4066: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4036: 4021: 4017: 4010: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3925: 3923:9781540879592 3919: 3915: 3908: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3860: 3842: 3835: 3824: 3823: 3815: 3800:. 13 May 1999 3799: 3795: 3789: 3774: 3773:www.bst.gc.ca 3770: 3763: 3761: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3714: 3713:planesafe.org 3710: 3704: 3702: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3660: 3654: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3626: 3611: 3607: 3601: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3567: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3534: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3487: 3483: 3482:2006 FCA 157" 3481: 3473: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3409: 3405: 3402: 3397: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3337: 3321: 3317: 3315: 3307: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3257: 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York City 1709: 1705: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1687: 1681: 1679: 1673: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1603: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1536: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1523:CP-140 Aurora 1520: 1518: 1513: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1496: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1467:CF submarines 1466: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1421: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1280:CP-140 Aurora 1277: 1273: 1272:CFB Greenwood 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165:Jonathan Mann 1162: 1158: 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1395:MBB Bo 105 1385:CCGS 1378:CCGS 1365:CCGS 1358:CCGS 1351:CCGS 1312:, and the 1262:(MHS) and 1224:(CCG) and 1161:Yugoslavia 1109:Yugoslavia 672:Passengers 387:registered 372:Background 257:Fatalities 241:Passengers 103:63°58′25″W 100:44°24′33″N 62:1998-09-02 4765:13 August 4671:0362-4331 4617:5 January 4183:0362-4331 3739:USA Today 3636:USA Today 3585:0099-9660 2767:0140-6736 2643:passports 2064:Valuables 1780:, the US 1636:USS 1599:USS 1594:Anticosti 1558:Preserver 1533:Preserver 1461:Anticosti 1447:Goose Bay 1440:Glace Bay 1419:Preserver 1373:Earl Grey 1346:CCG ships 1299:Dartmouth 1237:Bayswater 606:autopilot 586:dump fuel 529:At 22:10 518:at 20:18 335:Bayswater 307:codeshare 265:Survivors 233:Occupants 181:Call sign 92:, Canada 4935:Archived 4875:Archived 4871:Swissair 4702:Archived 4477:Archived 4447:Archived 4299:Archived 4261:16 March 4255:Archived 4251:CBS News 3653:cite web 3550:Archived 3546:The Star 3517:Archived 3486:Archived 3456:Archived 3430:Archived 3404:Archived 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