1024:. For example, in 1995, Guerra fabricated a transparent grating with 50 nm lines and spaces, and then coupled this (what would be later called) photonic metamaterial with an immersion objective to resolve a silicon grating having 50 nm lines and spaces, far beyond the diffraction limit for the 650 nm wavelength illumination in air. And in 2002, Guerra et al. published their demonstrated use of subwavelength nano-optics (photonic metamaterials) for optical data storage at densities well above the diffraction limit. As of 2015, metamaterial antennas were commercially available.
36:
1323:(plastic) and a palladium screen on top. The screen has sub-wavelength cutouts that block the various wavelengths. A polyimide layer caps the whole absorber. It can absorb 90 percent of infrared radiation at up to a 55 degree angle to the screen. The layers do not need accurate alignment. The polyimide cap protects the screen and helps reduce any impedance mismatch that might occur when the wave crosses from the air into the device.
1009:
1211:, are "effectively" homogeneous, with corresponding "effective" parameters that include "effective" ε and μ and apply to the slab as a whole. Individual inclusions or cells may have values different from the slab. However, there are cases where the effective medium approximation does not hold and one needs to be aware of its applicability.
1352:
from that of the entrance grates, bending incident light so that external light could not enter the block from that side. Around 30 times more light passed through in the forward direction than in reverse. The intervening blocks reduced the need for precise alignment of the two grates with respect to each other.
1355:
Such structures hold potential for applications in optical communication—for instance, they could be integrated into photonic computer chips that split or combine signals carried by light waves. Other potential applications include biosensing using nanoscale particles to deflect light to angles steep
1351:
grates with sub-wavelength spacings bent incoming red or green light waves enough that they could enter and propagate inside the block. On the opposite side of the block, another set of grates allowed light to exit, angled away from its original direction. The spacing of the exit grates was different
1179:
PMs display a magnetic response with useful magnitude at optical frequencies. This includes negative permeability, despite the absence of magnetic materials. Analogous to ordinary optical material, PMs can be treated as an effective medium that is characterized by effective medium parameters ε(ω) and
1517:
surface, it is relatively difficult to stack these bulk structures due to alignment tolerance requirements. A stacking technique for SRRs was published in 2007 that uses dielectric spacers to apply a planarization procedure to flatten the SRR layer. It appears that arbitrary many layers can be made
1526:
In 2014 researchers announced a 400 nanometer thick frequency-doubling non-linear mirror that can be tuned to work at near-infrared to mid-infrared to terahertz frequencies. The material operates with much lower intensity light than traditional approaches. For a given input light intensity and
1343:
The material combined two optical nanostructures: a multi-layered block of alternating silver and glass sheets and metal grates. The silver-glass structure is a "hyperbolic" metamaterial, which treats light differently depending on which direction the waves are traveling. Each layer is tens of
1308:) of infrared wavelengths. The material displayed greater than 98% measured average absorptivity that it maintained over a wide ±45° field-of-view for mid-infrared wavelengths between 1.77 and 4.81 μm. One use is to conceal objects from infrared sensors.
1039:
post, which created the first negative index metamaterial, operating in the microwave band. Experiments and simulations demonstrated the presence of a left-handed propagation band, a left-handed material. The first experimental confirmation of negative
3033:
Zhukovsky, S. V.; Andryieuski, A., Takayama, O.; Shkondin, E., Malureanu, R.; Jensen, F., Lavrinenko, A. V. (2015). "Experimental demonstration of effective medium approximation breakdown in deeply subwavelength all-dielectric multilayers".
1219:
Negative magnetic permeability was originally achieved in a left-handed medium at microwave frequencies by using arrays of split-ring resonators. In most natural materials, the magnetically coupled response starts to taper off at
1083:, infrared and visible frequencies, natural materials have a very weak magnetic coupling component, or permeability. In other words, susceptibility to the magnetic component of radiated light can be considered negligible.
1488:
The most commonly applied scheme to achieve a tunable index of refraction is electro-optical tuning. Here the change in refractive index is proportional to either the applied electric field, or is proportional to the
1538:
processes, such as second harmonic, sum- and difference-frequency generation, as well a variety of four-wave mixing processes. The demonstration device converted light with a wavelength of 8000 to 4000 nanometers.
1053:
1512:
Stacking layers produces NIMs at optical frequencies. However, the surface configuration (non-planar, bulk) of the SRR normally prevents stacking. Although a single-layer SRR structure can be constructed on a
2157:
1344:
nanometers thick—much thinner than visible light's 400 to 700 nm wavelengths, making the block opaque to visible light, although light entering at certain angles can propagate inside the material.
2020:
Linden, Stefan; Enkrich, Christian; Dolling, Gunnar; Klein, Matthias W.; Zhou, Jiangfeng; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas M.; Burger, Sven; Schmidt, Frank; Wegener, Martin (2006).
1558:, indium and arsenic. 100 of these layers, each between one and twelve nanometers thick, were faced on top by a pattern of asymmetrical, crossed gold nanostructures that form coupled
1316:
randomly modified an initial candidate pattern, testing and eliminating all but the best. The process was repeated over multiple generations until the design became effective.
1372:, lumped circuit element nanocircuits at infrared and optical frequencies appear to be possible. Conventional lumped circuit elements are not available in a conventional way.
1113:
1271:
Optical wavelengths are much shorter than microwaves, making subwavelength optical metamaterials more difficult to realize. Microwave metamaterials can be fabricated from
947:
Photonic crystals differ from PM in that the size and periodicity of their scattering elements are larger, on the order of the wavelength. Also, a photonic crystal is not
4434:
3110:
1282:
Successful experiments used a periodic arrangement of short wires or metallic pieces with varied shapes. In a different study the whole slab was electrically connected.
1086:
Negative index metamaterials behave contrary to the conventional "right-handed" interaction of light found in conventional optical materials. Hence, these are dubbed
1064:. The array of square split-ring resonators gives the material a negative magnetic permeability, whereas the array of straight wires gives it a negative permittivity
2206:
4038:
Takayama, O., Shkondin, E., Bogdanov A., Panah, M. E., Golenitskii, K., Dmitriev, P., Repän, T., Malureanu, R., Belov, P., Jensen, F., and
Lavrinenko, A. (2017).
1446:, material and the optical frequency illumination. The particle's orientation with the optical electric field may also help determine the impedance. Conventional
1580:
related to photonic crystals, metamaterial anisotropy. Recently photonic metamaterial operated at 780 nanometer (near-infrared), 813 nm and 772 nm.
593:
1097:
Only fabricated NIMs exhibit this capability. Photonic crystals, like many other known systems, can exhibit unusual propagation behavior such as reversal of
2021:
1944:
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An alternative is to employ a nonlinear optical material and depend on the optical field intensity to modify the refractive index or magnetic parameters.
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structure thickness, the metamaterial produced approximately one million times higher intensity output. The mirrors do not require matching the
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1305:
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range, which implies that significant magnetism does not occur at optical frequencies. The effective permeability of such materials is unity, μ
3924:
Takayama, O.; Artigas, D., Torner, L. (2014). "Lossless directional guiding of light in dielectric nanosheets using
Dyakonov surface waves".
4551:
2645:
2379:
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at RF and microwave frequencies. At optical frequencies characteristics of some noble metals are altered. Rather than normal current flow,
1031:(SRR) as part of the subwavelength cell. The SRR achieved negative permeability within a narrow frequency range. This was combined with a
4231:
1148:. One nanoscale SRR cell has three small metallic rods that are physically connected. This is configured as a U shape and functions as a
4094:
Takayama, O., Dmitriev, P., Shkondin, E., Yermakov, O., Panah, M., Golenitskii, K., Jensen, F., Bogdanov A., and
Lavrinenko, A. (2018).
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829:
598:
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Takayama, O.; Crasovan, L. C., Johansen, S. K.; Mihalache, D., Artigas, D.; Torner, L. (2008). "Dyakonov
Surface Waves: A Review".
608:
4159:
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Sukham, J.; Takayama, O., Mahmoodi, M.; Sychev, S., Bogdanov, A.; Hassan
Tavassoli, S., Lavrinenko, A. V.; Malureanu R. (2019).
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Some photonic metamaterials exhibit magnetism at high frequencies, resulting in strong magnetic coupling. This can produce a
448:
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are on a scale that is magnitudes larger than the atom, yet much smaller than the radiated wavelength, are on the order of
458:
4305:
Dolling, G.; Wegener, M.; Soukoulis, C.M.; Linden, S. (2006-12-13). "Negative-index metamaterial at 780 nm wavelength".
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1340:" instead reduce light transmission in the reverse direction, requiring low light levels behind the mirror to work.)
60:
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328:
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Shalaev, V. M.; Cai, W.; Chettiar, U. K.; Yuan, H.-K.; Sarychev, A. K.; Drachev, V. P.; Kildishev, A. V. (2005).
1204:
1002:
960:
243:
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Jeremy A. Bossard; et al. (2014). "Near-Ideal
Optical Metamaterial Absorbers with Super-Octave Bandwidth".
2351:
1993:
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The negative refractive index of PMs in the optical frequency range was experimentally demonstrated in 2005 by
822:
588:
65:
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Takayama, O.; Bogdanov, A. A., Lavrinenko, A. V. (2017). "Photonic surface waves on metamaterial interfaces".
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Responsive
Photonic Nanostructures: Smart Nanoscale Optical Materials Editor: Yadong Yin RSC Cambridge 2013
1176:
at the resonance frequency. The inclusions can then be evaluated by using an effective medium approximation.
603:
308:
3173:
Shelby, R. A.; Smith, DR; Schultz, S (2001). "Experimental
Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction".
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Potential applications include remote sensing and medical applications that call for compact laser systems.
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this way, including any chosen number of unit cells and variant spatial arrangements of individual layers.
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855:
468:
208:
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et al. (at the telecom wavelength λ = 1.5 μm) and by Brueck et al. (at λ = 2 μm) at nearly the same time.
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when externally excited. These inclusions are usually ten times smaller than the vacuum wavelength of the
198:
1319:
The metamaterial is made of four layers on a silicon substrate. The first layer is palladium, covered by
1005:(less than zero). Veselago's analysis has been cited in over 1500 peer-reviewed articles and many books.
761:
636:
533:
508:
428:
3859:
Takayama, O.; Crasovan, L. C., Artigas, D.; Torner, L. (2009). "Observation of
Dyakonov surface waves".
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1052:
2153:
1387:(RF) domain. The lumped element concept allowed for element simplification and circuit modularization.
1336:
In 2015 visible light joined microwave and infrared NIMs in propagating light in only one direction. ("
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Responsive
Photonic Nanostructures, Editor: Yadong Yin, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge 2013,
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Liu, Na; Guo, Hongcang; Fu, Liwei; Kaiser, Stefan; Schweizer, Heinz; Giessen, Harald (2007-12-02).
1600:
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1016:
In the mid-1990s, metamaterials were first seen as potential technologies for applications such as
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Chettiar, U. K.; Kildishev, AV; Yuan, HK; Cai, W; Xiao, S; Drachev, VP; Shalaev, VM (2007-06-05).
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248:
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2507:"Near-Field Optical Recording without Low-Flying Heads: Integral Near-Field Optical (INFO) Media"
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626:
153:
143:
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4368:"Dual-Band Negative Index Metamaterial: Double-Negative at 813 nm and Single-Negative at 772 nm"
751:
721:
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3190:
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Guerra, John; Vezenov, Dmitri; Sullivan, Paul; Haimberger, Walter; Thulin, Lukas (2002-03-30).
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frequencies but not at visible frequencies. The visible frequency has been elusive because the
990:
922:
573:
343:
118:
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Dyakonov, M. I. (April 1988). "New type of electromagnetic wave propagating at an interface".
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characteristics, becoming a nanoinductor. Material loss is represented as a nano-resistor.
1424:
1376:
1304:-insensitive metamaterial prototype was demonstrated to absorb energy over a broad band (a
1301:
1087:
1036:
1028:
796:
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661:
413:
278:
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98:
3522:"Circuit Elements at Optical Frequencies: Nanoinductors, Nanocapacitors, and Nanoresistor"
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can achieve magnetic resonance, but with significant losses. In natural materials such as
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1985:
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371:
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Particle self-assembly suggested for assembly of metamaterials at optical wavelengths.
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1977:
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1012:
A comparison of refraction in a left-handed metamaterial to that in a normal material
890:
882:
871:
691:
4419:
4352:
4284:
3896:
3676:
3587:"Tunable optical negative-index metamaterials employing anisotropic liquid crystals"
3397:
3111:"Investigation of effective media applicability for ultrathin multilayer structures"
3108:
2922:
2849:
2725:
2444:
2202:
2103:
2056:
1989:
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4486:
4397:
4332:
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4182:
4118:
4054:
3998:
3941:
3880:
3876:
3819:
3734:
3714:
3656:
3609:
3571:
3551:
3503:
3483:
3461:"Circuits with Light at Nanoscales: Optical Nanocircuits Inspired by Metamaterials"
3377:
3329:
Introduction to Focused Ion Beams: Instrumentation, Theory, Techniques and Practice
3285:
3265:
3220:
3200:
3125:
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2182:
2099:
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1969:
1952:
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1731:
1625:
1535:
1428:
1416:
1388:
1290:
1260:
1117:
1102:
1068:
994:
989:(1967) envisioned the possibility of refraction with a negative sign, according to
886:
791:
706:
666:
656:
543:
498:
481:
398:
333:
103:
27:
4268:
4186:
3809:
3555:
3009:
Electromagnetic metamaterials: transmission line theory and microwave applications
2906:
2751:"Fabrication of optical negative-index metamaterials: Recent advances and outlook"
2380:"The Electrodynamics of Substances with Simultaneously Negative Values of ɛ and μ"
2266:
4555:
4538:
4058:
3327:
3300:
2778:
2610:
1768:
1432:
1384:
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726:
651:
646:
513:
388:
353:
213:
113:
4561:
2672:
2459:
766:
4002:
3770:"New nonlinear metamaterial is a million times better than traditional options"
2802:
1712:"Excitation of surface electromagnetic waves in a graphene-based Bragg grating"
1710:
Sreekanth, K.V.; Zeng, Shuwen; Shang, Jingzhi; Yong, Ken-Tye; Yu, Ting (2012).
1528:
1494:
1490:
1439:
1236:
has virtually no effect on natural occurring materials at optical frequencies.
1165:
1161:
1109:
1098:
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686:
681:
503:
393:
318:
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123:
93:
86:
4122:
3823:
2936:
Shadrivov, Ilya V.; Kozyrev, AB; Van Der Weide, DW; Kivshar, YS (2008-11-24).
2048:
4570:
3517:
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2538:
2491:
2436:
2408:
1906:
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1590:
1577:
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878:
801:
786:
771:
711:
423:
338:
323:
238:
223:
128:
3487:
3204:
2460:"Super‐resolution through illumination by diffraction‐born evanescent waves"
2258:
2186:
2082:
Awad, Ehab (October 2021). "A novel metamaterial gain-waveguide nanolaser".
1769:"Super‐resolution through illumination by diffraction‐born evanescent waves"
4543:
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4411:
4344:
4304:
4276:
4202:
4010:
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3726:
3668:
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3495:
3389:
3277:
3212:
3137:
3073:
2992:
2914:
2841:
2680:
2194:
2139:
1981:
1753:
1610:
1559:
1369:
1140:
Photonic metamaterial SRRs have reached scales below 100 nanometers, using
1125:
998:
952:
781:
676:
641:
583:
518:
438:
403:
283:
158:
4232:"Experimental Demonstration of Near-Infrared Negative-Index Metamaterials"
3945:
2869:"Experimental Demonstration of Near-Infrared Negative-Index Metamaterials"
2721:
4531:
4402:
4367:
4336:
3692:"Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index"
3538:
2975:
2833:
2530:
1940:
1498:
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1356:
enough to travel through the hyperbolic material and out the other side.
1221:
1032:
701:
553:
383:
45:
4506:
4384:
4319:
4251:
3718:
3269:
3252:
3236:"Nanofabricated media with negative permeability at visible frequencies"
2889:
2816:
2564:
3631:
3129:
2152:
1915:
1514:
1455:
1157:
916:. In metamaterials, cells take the role of atoms in a material that is
418:
4441:(Session 2A3 Metamaterials at Optical Frequencies): 10. Archived from
4194:
4040:"Midinfrared surface waves on a high aspect ratio nanotrench platform"
3614:
3516:
3381:
3352:
2347:
1735:
3858:
3660:
3326:
Lucille A. Giannuzzi, North Carolina State University (18 May 2006).
2984:
2483:
1973:
1792:
1391:
fabrication techniques exist to accomplish subwavelength geometries.
1380:
1320:
1309:
1248:
1225:
1153:
894:
741:
716:
528:
50:
3235:
2935:
2289:"Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Photonic Metamaterials"
1454:> 0 at optical frequencies, causing the nanoparticle to act as a
4096:"Experimental observation of Dyakonov plasmons in the mid-infrared"
3355:
Creation of nanoelectronic devices by focused ion beam implantation
3048:
1555:
1443:
1408:
1348:
1149:
905:
901:
863:
493:
488:
108:
4562:
Subpicosecond Optical Switching with a Negative Index Metamaterial
3353:
Kochz, J.; Grun, K.; Ruff, M.; Wernhardt, R.; Wieck, A.D. (1999).
1047:
3634:"Three-dimensional photonic metamaterials at optical frequencies"
1551:
1547:
1447:
1365:
1337:
1192:
1008:
463:
3689:
1105:. However, negative refraction does not occur in these systems.
2504:
2316:
1543:
1412:
1404:
1244:
978:
913:
548:
55:
2741:
1458:
impedance, a nanocapacitor. Conversely, if the material is a
1435:∂D / ∂t, and can be termed as the “flowing optical current".
909:
4544:
Experimental Verification of Reversed Cherenkov Radiation...
2407:
1709:
3980:
3302:
High Resolution Focused Ion Beams: FIB and Its Applications
1400:
1252:
3233:
2863:
Zhang, Shuang; Fan, Wenjun; Panoiu, N. C.; Malloy, K. J.;
2122:"Metamaterials: A New Paradigm of Physics and Engineering"
2022:"Photonic Metamaterials: Magnetism at Optical Frequencies"
3415:"Genetic algorithm used to design broadband metamaterial"
2019:
4458:
4365:
2999:
2700:
1152:. The gap between the tips of the U-shape function as a
3923:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
2795:"Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials"
2586:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/ebook/978-1-84973-776-0
2071:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/ebook/978-1-84973-653-4
4435:"Phase-engineered Metamaterial Structures and Devices"
2792:
2029:
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
881:
periodicity distinguishes photonic metamaterials from
4514:
Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials
4507:
Negative Index of Refraction in Optical Metamaterials
3627:
3625:
3346:
2413:"A Positive Future for Double-Negative Metamaterials"
2371:
2315:
2156:; Pendry, John B.; Wiltshire, M. C. K. (2004-08-06).
1534:
It can produce giant nonlinear response for multiple
4229:
4157:
3442:
3436:"New NIST metamaterial gives light a one-way ticket"
3227:
3012:. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated. p. 11.
2862:
2646:"Negative Refractive Index in Left-Handed Materials"
2621:
2619:
2603:
New electromagnetic materials emphasize the negative
2417:
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
2116:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1044:
occurred soon after, also at microwave frequencies.
4432:
3298:
2377:
2126:
Optical Metamaterials Fundamentals and Applications
1691:
Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations
1207:describes material slabs that, when reacting to an
4160:"Dyakonov Surface Waves in Photonic Metamaterials"
3622:
3584:
3520:; Alessandro Salandrino; Andrea Alù (2005-08-26).
3510:
3172:
2643:
1450:dielectrics have the real permittivity component ε
1312:provided greater bandwidth than silver or gold. A
4527:Optics and photonics: Physics enhancing our lives
3367:
3006:Caloz, Christophe; Itoh, Tatsuo (November 2005).
3005:
2616:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2015:
2013:
1866:
1239:In metamaterials the cell acts as a meta-atom, a
1232:= 1. Hence, the magnetic component of a radiated
858:, that interacts with light, covering terahertz (
4568:
4433:Caloz, Christophe; Gupta, Shulabh (2008-03-28).
4158:Artigas, David and; Torner, Lluis (2005-01-03).
2929:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
1542:The device is made of a stack of thin layers of
4439:Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium
2597:
2595:
2593:
2309:
1048:Negative permeability and negative permittivity
951:, so it is not possible to define values of ε (
4426:
4223:
2401:
2216:
2010:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1263:of metals is the ultimate limiting condition.
4151:
2694:
2644:Smith, David R.; Kroll, Norman (2000-10-02).
2273:
2158:"Metamaterials and Negative Refractive Index"
1935:
1933:
1888:"The Magical World of Photonic Metamaterials"
1251:-sized atom. For meta-atoms constructed from
1205:effective (transmission) medium approximation
920:at scales larger than the cells, yielding an
823:
4143:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4079:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4023:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3966:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3909:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3844:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3690:Valentine, Jason; et al. (2008-08-11).
3299:Orloff, J.; Utlaut, M.; Swanson, L. (2003).
3158:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3094:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2637:
2590:
2110:
1824:Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology
1279:techniques must be employed to produce PMs.
900:In a conventional material, the response to
3578:
2633:. Nature Publishing Group. 2003. p. 1.
1830:
1807:
3683:
2735:
2146:
1945:"Photonics: Metamaterials in the sunshine"
1930:
1359:
1027:Negative permeability was achieved with a
830:
816:
34:
4401:
4383:
4318:
4250:
4230:Zhang, Shuang; et al. (2005-09-23).
3613:
3537:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3409:
3407:
3332:. Springer Science & Business Media.
3251:
3234:Grigorenko AN, et al. (2005-11-17).
3194:
3047:
2974:
2964:
2888:
2815:
2777:
2703:"Negative refraction by Photonic Crystal"
2396:Article citing this article (4118 citing)
1914:
1826:. Vol. I & II. Wiley. p. 1.
1743:
1266:
1198:
4532:OPAL: A Computational Tool For Photonics
4359:
4093:
4037:
3782:
3585:Wang, Xiande; et al. (2007-10-04).
2286:
1841:
1051:
1007:
4516:Opt. Lett. Vol. 30. 2005-12-30. 3 pages
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3455:
2786:
2710:Progress in Electromagnetics Research B
2295:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 29–1.
2227:
1331:
579:Electromagnetism and special relativity
4569:
3421:
3404:
2856:
2457:
2411:; Richard W. Ziolkowski (April 2005).
2321:"Reversing Light: Negative Refraction"
2230:"Optical negative-index metamaterials"
1939:
1766:
1431:is actually the electric displacement
997:with a negative sign is the result of
4452:
4298:
1885:
1521:
1493:of the electric field. These are the
1214:
599:Maxwell equations in curved spacetime
3983:Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
3755:
3319:
2701:Srivastava, R.; et al. (2008).
2228:Shalaev, Vladimir M (January 2007).
2081:
1135:
1132:do not occur at the same frequency.
16:Type of electromagnetic metamaterial
3776:
3292:
2511:Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
1562:and a layer of gold on the bottom.
1438:At subwavelength scales the cell's
1094:(NIMs), among other nomenclatures.
13:
4549:Oriented Assembly of Metamaterials
2938:"Nonlinear magnetic metamaterials"
2378:Veselago, Viktor G. (April 1968).
2287:Capolino, Filippo (October 2009).
1842:Capolino, Filippo (October 2009).
1160:. These "inclusions" create local
1075:, can achieve ε < 0 up to the
14:
4593:
4520:
1427:becomes negative. Therefore, the
977:While researching whether or not
2563:. kymetacorp.com. Archived from
1379:elements proved workable in the
4087:
4031:
3974:
3917:
3852:
3803:
3772:. R&D Magazine. 2014-07-02.
3361:
3166:
3102:
3026:
2578:
2553:
2498:
2451:
2319:; Smith, David R. (June 2004).
2104:10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107202
1531:of the input and output waves.
1285:Fabrication techniques include
1003:magnetic permeability, μ < 0
936:Potential applications include
4512:Shalaev, Vladimir M., et al.
3881:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.043903
3066:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.177402
2458:Guerra, John M. (1995-06-26).
2075:
2063:
1852:. pp. 29–1, 25–14, 22–1.
1767:Guerra, John M. (1995-06-26).
1760:
1703:
1462:such as gold or silver, with ε
1423:occur as the real part of the
1394:
1364:By employing a combination of
1255:, μ < 0 can be achieved at
1:
4505:Shalaev, Vladimir M., et al.
4462:; V.M. Shalaev (2008-02-03).
4269:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.137404
4187:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.013901
3556:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.095504
2907:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.137404
2517:(Part 1, No. 3B): 1866–1875.
2293:Applications of Metamaterials
2084:Optics & Laser Technology
1845:Applications of Metamaterials
1697:
1473:
604:Relativistic electromagnetism
4059:10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00924
2779:10.1016/j.metmat.2008.03.004
2390:(4): 509–514. Archived from
1596:Negative index metamaterials
1130:magnetic (coupling) response
1126:electric (coupling) response
931:negative index of refraction
856:electromagnetic metamaterial
7:
2867:; Brueck, S. R. J. (2005).
2673:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2933
1886:Ozbay, Ekmel (2008-11-01).
1583:
1507:
1326:
1114:antiferromagnetic materials
10:
4598:
3417:. KurzweilAI. May 7, 2014.
2613:" Physics World, 1–5, 2001
1477:
1156:. Hence, it is an optical
970:
966:
329:Liénard–Wiechert potential
4123:10.1134/S1063782618040279
3824:10.1080/02726340801921403
2049:10.1109/JSTQE.2006.880600
1895:Optics and Photonics News
1466:< 0, then it takes on
1289:, nanostructuring with a
1287:electron beam lithography
870:. The materials employ a
594:Mathematical descriptions
304:Electromagnetic radiation
294:Electromagnetic induction
234:Magnetic vector potential
229:Magnetic scalar potential
4464:"Photonic metamaterials"
4003:10.1088/1361-648X/aa8bdd
3242:(Submitted manuscript).
2437:10.1109/TMTT.2005.845188
1907:10.1364/OPN.19.11.000022
1820:"Photonic Metamaterials"
1601:History of metamaterials
1568:
1295:interference lithography
1092:negative index materials
973:History of metamaterials
3861:Physical Review Letters
3594:Applied Physics Letters
3532:(9): 095504 (4 pages).
3526:Physical Review Letters
3488:10.1126/science.1133268
3205:10.1126/science.1058847
3036:Physical Review Letters
2653:Physical Review Letters
2627:"Negative confirmation"
2464:Applied Physics Letters
2259:10.1038/nphoton.2006.49
2187:10.1126/science.1096796
2173:(5685): 788–792 (791).
1773:Applied Physics Letters
1681:Metamaterials (journal)
1666:Mechanical metamaterial
1656:Terahertz metamaterials
1651:Plasmonic metamaterials
1621:Nonlinear metamaterials
1484:Nonlinear metamaterials
1360:Lumped circuit elements
1018:nanometer-scale imaging
144:Electrostatic induction
139:Electrostatic discharge
4491:10.1002/lapl.200810015
2631:Nature, Physics portal
2384:Soviet Physics Uspekhi
1686:Metamaterials Handbook
1641:Acoustic metamaterials
1574:Dyakonov surface waves
1267:Design and fabrication
1199:Effective medium model
1065:
1013:
999:permittivity, ε < 0
933:in the optical range.
923:effective medium model
874:, cellular structure.
574:Electromagnetic tensor
4477:(6): 411–420 (2008).
3946:10.1038/nnano.2014.90
3926:Nature Nanotechnology
2743:Boltasseva, Alexandra
2722:10.2528/PIERB08042302
1671:Transformation optics
1661:Tunable metamaterials
1646:Metamaterial absorber
1631:Seismic metamaterials
1616:Metamaterial antennas
1606:Metamaterial cloaking
1480:Tunable metamaterials
1442:becomes dependent on
1234:electromagnetic field
1180:μ(ω), or similarly, ε
1088:left-handed materials
1060:used to demonstrate
1055:
1011:
1001:(less than zero) and
942:transformation optics
908:fields, and hence to
844:photonic metamaterial
567:Covariant formulation
359:Synchrotron radiation
299:Electromagnetic pulse
289:Electromagnetic field
4509:arXiv.org. 17 pages.
4403:10.1364/OL.32.001671
4337:10.1364/OL.32.000053
2976:10.1364/OE.16.020266
2834:10.1364/OL.30.003356
2531:10.1143/JJAP.41.1866
2394:on 12 January 2016.
2118:Shalaev, Vladimir M.
1850:Taylor & Francis
1676:Theories of cloaking
1636:Split-ring resonator
1425:complex permittivity
1421:plasmonic resonances
1332:One-way transmission
1124:, resonance for the
1108:Naturally occurring
1058:metamaterial lattice
1029:split-ring resonator
852:optical metamaterial
850:), also known as an
609:Stress–energy tensor
534:Reluctance (complex)
279:Displacement current
4483:2008LaPhL...5..411L
4394:2007OptL...32.1671C
4329:2007OptL...32...53D
4261:2005PhRvL..95m7404Z
4179:2005PhRvL..94a3901A
4115:2018Semic..52..442T
3995:2017JPCM...29T3001T
3938:2014NatNa...9..419T
3873:2009PhRvL.102d3903T
3797:1988JETP...67..714D
3785:Soviet Physics JETP
3719:10.1038/nature07247
3711:2008Natur.455..376V
3653:2008NatMa...7...31L
3606:2007ApPhL..91n3122W
3548:2005PhRvL..95i5504E
3480:2007Sci...317.1698E
3474:(5845): 1698–1702.
3438:. NIST. 2014-07-01.
3270:10.1038/nature04242
3262:2005Natur.438..335G
3187:2001Sci...292...77S
3124:(26): 12582–12588.
3058:2015PhRvL.115q7402Z
2957:2008OExpr..1620266S
2899:2005PhRvL..95m7404Z
2826:2005OptL...30.3356S
2770:2008MetaM...2....1B
2747:Vladimir M. Shalaev
2665:2000PhRvL..85.2933S
2561:"Kymeta technology"
2523:2002JaJAP..41.1866G
2476:1995ApPhL..66.3555G
2429:2005ITMTT..53.1535E
2367:Alternate copy here
2340:2004PhT....57f..37P
2251:2007NaPho...1...41S
2179:2004Sci...305..788S
2142:on August 21, 2009.
2096:2021OptLT.14207202A
2041:2006IJSTQ..12.1097L
1966:2006NatMa...5..599P
1785:1995ApPhL..66.3555G
1728:2012NatSR...2E.737S
1247:, analogous to the
1209:external excitation
1077:visible frequencies
1062:negative refraction
1042:index of refraction
1037:electric conducting
991:Maxwell's equations
981:interacts with the
912:, is determined by
868:visible wavelengths
524:Magnetomotive force
409:Electromotive force
379:Alternating current
314:Jefimenko equations
274:Cyclotron radiation
4554:2016-09-09 at the
4537:2011-07-17 at the
4460:Litchinitser, N.M.
4453:General references
3305:. Springer Press.
3130:10.1039/C9NR02471A
2609:2011-07-17 at the
2409:Engheta, Nader and
1716:Scientific Reports
1522:Frequency doubling
1368:and non-plasmonic
1215:Coupling magnetism
1066:
1056:Photograph of the
1014:
983:magnetic component
372:Electrical network
209:Gauss magnetic law
174:Static electricity
134:Electric potential
4378:(12): 1671–1673.
4294:on July 26, 2008.
4053:(11): 2899–2907.
3705:(7211): 376–379.
3615:10.1063/1.2795345
3382:10.1021/nn4057148
3339:978-0-387-23313-0
3312:978-0-306-47350-0
3246:(7066): 335–338.
3019:978-0-471-66985-2
2731:on July 19, 2010.
2690:on July 19, 2011.
2659:(14): 2933–2936.
2470:(26): 3555–3557.
2348:10.1063/1.1784272
2302:978-1-4200-5423-1
2212:on June 13, 2010.
2135:978-1-4419-1150-6
1926:on July 19, 2011.
1859:978-1-4200-5423-1
1779:(26): 3555–3557.
1736:10.1038/srep00737
1536:nonlinear optical
1429:main current flow
1314:genetic algorithm
1275:materials, while
1257:telecommunication
1175:
1158:nano-LC resonator
1136:Optical frequency
1069:Natural materials
883:photonic band gap
840:
839:
539:Reluctance (real)
509:Gyrator–capacitor
454:Resonant cavities
344:Maxwell equations
4589:
4502:
4471:Laser Phys. Lett
4468:
4447:
4446:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4405:
4387:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4322:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4287:. Archived from
4254:
4236:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4205:. Archived from
4164:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4142:
4134:
4100:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4078:
4070:
4044:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4022:
4014:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3957:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3900:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3843:
3835:
3812:Electromagnetics
3807:
3801:
3800:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3743:
3737:. Archived from
3696:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3661:10.1038/nmat2072
3641:Nature Materials
3638:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3591:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3541:
3539:cond-mat/0411463
3514:
3508:
3507:
3465:
3453:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3376:(2): 1517–1524.
3365:
3359:
3358:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3255:
3231:
3225:
3224:
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3170:
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3163:
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3106:
3100:
3099:
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3085:
3051:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2978:
2968:
2951:(25): 20266–71.
2942:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2892:
2877:Phys. Rev. Lett.
2873:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2819:
2799:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2755:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2724:. Archived from
2707:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2683:. Archived from
2650:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2623:
2614:
2599:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2484:10.1063/1.113814
2455:
2449:
2448:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2350:. Archived from
2325:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2284:
2271:
2270:
2238:Nature Photonics
2234:
2225:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2205:. Archived from
2162:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2138:. Archived from
2114:
2108:
2107:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2026:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1992:. Archived from
1974:10.1038/nmat1697
1953:Nature Materials
1949:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1919:. Archived from
1918:
1892:
1883:
1864:
1863:
1839:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1805:
1804:
1793:10.1063/1.113814
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1707:
1626:Photonic crystal
1576:(DSW) relate to
1529:phase velocities
1501:, respectively.
1291:focused ion beam
1261:plasma frequency
1173:
1103:group velocities
1022:cloaking objects
995:refractive index
889:structures. The
887:photonic crystal
832:
825:
818:
499:Electric machine
482:Magnetic circuit
444:Parallel circuit
434:Network analysis
399:Electric current
334:London equations
179:Triboelectricity
169:Potential energy
38:
28:Electromagnetism
19:
18:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4567:
4566:
4556:Wayback Machine
4539:Wayback Machine
4523:
4466:
4455:
4450:
4431:
4427:
4385:physics/0612247
4364:
4360:
4320:physics/0607135
4303:
4299:
4291:
4252:physics/0504208
4239:Phys. Rev. Lett
4234:
4228:
4224:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4167:Phys. Rev. Lett
4162:
4156:
4152:
4136:
4135:
4098:
4092:
4088:
4072:
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4042:
4036:
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3979:
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3320:
3313:
3297:
3293:
3253:physics/0504178
3232:
3228:
3196:10.1.1.119.1617
3171:
3167:
3151:
3150:
3113:
3107:
3103:
3087:
3086:
3031:
3027:
3020:
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3000:
2966:10.1.1.221.5805
2940:
2934:
2930:
2890:physics/0504208
2871:
2861:
2857:
2817:physics/0504091
2797:
2791:
2787:
2753:
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2736:
2728:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2687:
2648:
2642:
2638:
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2617:
2611:Wayback Machine
2600:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2570:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2503:
2499:
2456:
2452:
2406:
2402:
2376:
2372:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2323:
2317:Pendry, John B.
2314:
2310:
2303:
2285:
2274:
2232:
2226:
2217:
2209:
2160:
2151:
2147:
2136:
2115:
2111:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2024:
2018:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1947:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1890:
1884:
1867:
1860:
1840:
1831:
1818:
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1765:
1761:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1586:
1571:
1524:
1510:
1486:
1478:Main articles:
1476:
1465:
1453:
1433:current density
1399:Metals such as
1397:
1385:radio frequency
1362:
1334:
1329:
1269:
1231:
1217:
1201:
1187:
1183:
1166:magnetic fields
1146:nanolithography
1138:
1118:natural magnets
1073:precious metals
1050:
987:Victor Veselago
975:
969:
854:, is a type of
836:
807:
806:
622:
614:
613:
569:
559:
558:
514:Induction motor
484:
474:
473:
389:Current density
374:
364:
363:
354:Poynting vector
264:
262:Electrodynamics
254:
253:
249:Right-hand rule
214:Magnetic dipole
204:Biot–Savart law
194:
184:
183:
119:Electric dipole
114:Electric charge
89:
17:
12:
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5:
4595:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4546:
4541:
4529:
4522:
4521:External links
4519:
4518:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4445:on 2010-07-05.
4425:
4372:Optics Letters
4358:
4307:Optics Letters
4297:
4245:(13): 137404.
4222:
4150:
4103:Semiconductors
4086:
4030:
3989:(46): 463001.
3973:
3932:(6): 419–424.
3916:
3851:
3818:(3): 126–145.
3802:
3775:
3754:
3682:
3621:
3600:(14): 143122.
3577:
3518:Engheta, Nader
3509:
3459:(2007-09-21).
3457:Engheta, Nader
3441:
3420:
3403:
3360:
3345:
3338:
3318:
3311:
3291:
3226:
3181:(5514): 77–9.
3165:
3101:
3042:(17): 177402.
3025:
3018:
2998:
2945:Optics Express
2928:
2883:(13): 137404.
2855:
2810:(24): 3356–8.
2803:Optics Letters
2785:
2749:(2008-03-18).
2734:
2693:
2636:
2615:
2589:
2577:
2552:
2497:
2450:
2400:
2370:
2308:
2301:
2272:
2215:
2145:
2134:
2120:(2009-11-23).
2109:
2074:
2062:
2009:
1960:(8): 599–600.
1929:
1865:
1858:
1829:
1806:
1759:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1570:
1567:
1523:
1520:
1509:
1506:
1495:Pockels effect
1491:square modulus
1475:
1472:
1463:
1451:
1396:
1393:
1377:lumped circuit
1375:Subwavelength
1361:
1358:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1268:
1265:
1229:
1216:
1213:
1200:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1154:nano-capacitor
1137:
1134:
1079:. However, at
1049:
1046:
971:Main article:
968:
965:
838:
837:
835:
834:
827:
820:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
589:Four-potential
586:
581:
576:
570:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
504:Electric motor
501:
496:
491:
485:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
459:Series circuit
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
429:Kirchhoff laws
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
394:Direct current
391:
386:
381:
375:
370:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
356:
351:
349:Maxwell tensor
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
319:Larmor formula
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
269:Bremsstrahlung
265:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
219:Magnetic field
216:
211:
206:
201:
195:
192:Magnetostatics
190:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
124:Electric field
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
94:Charge density
90:
87:Electrostatics
85:
84:
81:
80:
79:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
31:
30:
24:
23:
22:Articles about
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4594:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4577:Metamaterials
4575:
4574:
4572:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4301:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4212:on 2022-01-24
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4173:(1): 013901.
4172:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4140:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4082:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4047:ACS Photonics
4041:
4034:
4026:
4020:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3969:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3867:(4): 043903.
3866:
3862:
3855:
3847:
3841:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3744:on 2009-08-13
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3161:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3097:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2865:Osgood, R. M.
2859:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2758:Metamaterials
2752:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2601:Pendry, J., "
2598:
2596:
2594:
2587:
2581:
2567:on 2017-01-09
2566:
2562:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2357:on 2017-08-09
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:Physics Today
2322:
2318:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2014:
1999:on 2009-10-07
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:(11): 22–27.
1900:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Terahertz gap
1589:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1578:birefringence
1575:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:quantum wells
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1519:
1516:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1370:nanoparticles
1367:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:circuit board
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:nano-inductor
1147:
1143:
1142:electron beam
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:ferromagnetic
1106:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1033:symmetrically
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
974:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
934:
932:
927:
925:
924:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:subwavelength
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
833:
828:
826:
821:
819:
814:
813:
811:
810:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
618:
617:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:
563:
562:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
483:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
424:Joule heating
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
373:
368:
367:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:Lorentz force
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
263:
258:
257:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
239:Magnetization
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
224:Magnetic flux
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
193:
188:
187:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
129:Electric flux
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
88:
83:
82:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
66:Computational
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
43:
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
21:
20:
4474:
4470:
4443:the original
4438:
4428:
4375:
4371:
4361:
4313:(1): 53–55.
4310:
4306:
4300:
4289:the original
4242:
4238:
4225:
4214:. Retrieved
4207:the original
4170:
4166:
4153:
4139:cite journal
4109:(4): 442–6.
4106:
4102:
4089:
4075:cite journal
4050:
4046:
4033:
4019:cite journal
3986:
3982:
3976:
3962:cite journal
3929:
3925:
3919:
3905:cite journal
3864:
3860:
3854:
3840:cite journal
3815:
3811:
3805:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3746:. Retrieved
3739:the original
3702:
3698:
3685:
3647:(1): 31–37.
3644:
3640:
3597:
3593:
3580:
3529:
3525:
3512:
3471:
3467:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3354:
3348:
3328:
3321:
3301:
3294:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3154:cite journal
3121:
3117:
3104:
3090:cite journal
3039:
3035:
3028:
3008:
3001:
2948:
2944:
2931:
2880:
2875:
2858:
2807:
2801:
2788:
2761:
2757:
2737:
2726:the original
2713:
2709:
2696:
2685:the original
2656:
2652:
2639:
2630:
2580:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:the original
2555:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2420:
2416:
2403:
2395:
2392:the original
2387:
2383:
2373:
2359:. Retrieved
2352:the original
2334:(6): 37–44.
2331:
2327:
2311:
2292:
2242:
2236:
2207:the original
2170:
2164:
2154:Smith, David
2148:
2140:the original
2128:. Springer.
2125:
2112:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2065:
2032:
2028:
2001:. Retrieved
1994:the original
1957:
1951:
1941:Pendry, John
1921:the original
1898:
1894:
1844:
1823:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1611:Metamaterial
1572:
1564:
1541:
1533:
1525:
1511:
1503:
1499:Kerr effects
1487:
1437:
1398:
1374:
1363:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1318:
1306:super-octave
1302:polarization
1299:
1284:
1281:
1270:
1241:larger scale
1238:
1218:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1139:
1107:
1096:
1085:
1067:
1026:
1015:
976:
961:permeability
956:
953:permittivity
946:
935:
928:
921:
899:
876:
851:
847:
843:
841:
584:Four-current
519:Linear motor
404:Electrolysis
284:Eddy current
244:Permeability
164:Polarization
159:Permittivity
2764:(1): 1–17.
2423:(4): 1535.
2035:(6): 1097.
1916:11693/23249
1460:noble metal
1444:shape, size
1395:Cell design
1277:lithography
1222:frequencies
1035:positioned
949:homogeneous
918:homogeneous
554:Transformer
384:Capacitance
309:Faraday law
104:Coulomb law
46:Electricity
4571:Categories
4216:2009-10-15
4195:2117/99885
3791:(4): 714.
3748:2009-11-09
3049:1506.08078
2571:2015-04-19
2361:2019-05-10
2090:: 107202.
2003:2009-10-15
1698:References
1515:dielectric
1474:Tunability
1456:capacitive
1300:In 2014 a
1071:, such as
985:of light,
895:nanometers
621:Scientists
469:Waveguides
449:Resistance
419:Inductance
199:Ampère law
4582:Photonics
4131:255238679
4067:126006666
3832:121726611
3191:CiteSeerX
3146:195326315
3118:Nanoscale
2985:10440/410
2961:CiteSeerX
2716:: 15–26.
2547:119544019
2539:0021-4922
2492:0003-6951
2245:(1): 41.
1801:0003-6951
1468:inductive
1440:impedance
1389:Nanoscale
1381:microwave
1366:plasmonic
1321:polyimide
1310:Palladium
1249:picometer
1243:magnetic
1226:gigahertz
1081:terahertz
777:Steinmetz
707:Kirchhoff
692:Jefimenko
687:Hopkinson
672:Helmholtz
667:Heaviside
529:Permeance
414:Impedance
154:Insulator
149:Gauss law
99:Conductor
76:Phenomena
71:Textbooks
51:Magnetism
4552:Archived
4535:Archived
4420:10189281
4412:17572742
4353:26775488
4345:17167581
4285:15246675
4277:16197179
4203:15698082
4011:29053474
3954:24859812
3897:14540394
3889:19257419
3727:18690249
3677:42254771
3669:18059275
3564:16197226
3496:17885123
3398:40297802
3390:24472069
3370:ACS Nano
3278:16292306
3213:11292865
3138:31231735
3074:26551143
2993:19065165
2923:15246675
2915:16197179
2850:14917741
2842:16389830
2681:11005971
2607:Archived
2445:15293380
2203:16664396
2195:15297655
2057:32319427
1990:39003335
1982:16880801
1943:(2006).
1754:23071901
1584:See also
1556:aluminum
1508:Layering
1417:currents
1415:conduct
1409:aluminum
1349:chromium
1327:Research
1162:electric
1122:ferrites
938:cloaking
906:magnetic
902:electric
872:periodic
866:(IR) or
864:infrared
802:Wiechert
757:Poynting
647:Einstein
494:DC motor
489:AC motor
324:Lenz law
109:Electret
4499:7547242
4479:Bibcode
4390:Bibcode
4325:Bibcode
4257:Bibcode
4175:Bibcode
4111:Bibcode
3991:Bibcode
3934:Bibcode
3869:Bibcode
3793:Bibcode
3735:4314138
3707:Bibcode
3649:Bibcode
3602:Bibcode
3572:9778099
3544:Bibcode
3504:1572047
3476:Bibcode
3468:Science
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3221:9321456
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3175:Science
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1548:gallium
1448:silicon
1347:Adding
1338:mirrors
1224:in the
1193:Shalaev
967:History
787:Thomson
762:Ritchie
752:Poisson
737:Neumann
732:Maxwell
727:Lorentz
722:Liénard
652:Faraday
637:Coulomb
464:Voltage
439:Ohm law
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1405:silver
1245:dipole
979:matter
772:Singer
767:Savart
747:Ørsted
712:Larmor
702:Kelvin
657:Fizeau
627:Ampère
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4495:S2CID
4467:(PDF)
4416:S2CID
4380:arXiv
4349:S2CID
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