1013:
864:
901:
983:
666:
707:
1284:
104:
386:
The superimposed tilde is assigned
Unicode character U+0334. This was originally intended to combine with other letters to represent pharyngealization. However, that usage is now deprecated (though still functional), and several precomposed letters have been adopted to replace it. These are the
1014:
865:
902:
984:
667:
708:
1285:
609:(or !Xóõ) has pharyngealized vowels that contrast phonemically with voiced, breathy and epiglottalized vowels. That feature is represented in the orthography by a tilde under the respective pharyngealized vowel. In
383:. There is no parallel Unicode distinction for modifier glottal stop. The IPA Handbook lists U+02E4 as the Unicode equivalent of IPA Number 423, the dedicated IPA symbol for pharyngealization.
594:) in the Plateau culture area of North America also have pharyngealization processes that are triggered by pharyngeal or pharyngealized consonants, which affect vowels.
1494:
Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina (2005). "Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two
Catalan dialects".
1545:
1572:
858:
222:(IPA Number 428) is written through the base letter (typographic overstrike). It is the older and more generic symbol. It indicates
895:
1464:
245:– is written after the base letter. It indicates specifically a pharyngealized consonant, as in , a pharyngealized .
1523:
1565:
1007:
616:
For many languages, pharyngealization is generally associated with more dental articulations of coronal consonants.
1140:
928:
2239:
1822:
1596:
1036:
207:
2234:
1795:
1790:
1528:
Handbook of the
International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
1155:
943:
571:
242:
1802:
1785:
1777:
1558:
1259:
1118:
1047:
396:
388:
363:
318:
310:
293:
276:
259:
238:
234:
127:
34:
1817:
1812:
1327:
1100:
524:
2082:
1807:
1058:
958:
1316:, with the body of the tongue bunched up at the velum (in some dialects of American English and Dutch)
1729:
1674:
1129:
888:
1840:
1659:
1592:
1278:
2043:
2038:
1949:
1240:
1081:
977:
829:
730:
660:
620:
tends to be dental or denti-alveolar, but clear l tends to be retracted to an alveolar position.
586:
has pharyngealized consonants that trigger pharyngealization of vowels. Many languages (such as
2060:
1870:
1669:
1644:
1588:
179:
309:, = reversed glottal stop), and in the Unicode charts looks like a simple superscript ⟨
1649:
1626:
1604:
1173:
784:
314:
2087:
2050:
1762:
1395:
1390:
1337:
840:
749:
701:
647:
8:
2158:
2028:
2005:
1754:
1707:
1679:
591:
2229:
2023:
1856:
1664:
1621:
1511:
803:
777:
635:
587:
583:
313:⟩, though in some fonts it looks like a superscript reversed lower-case letter
2145:
1979:
1944:
1767:
1734:
1702:
1636:
1313:
392:
1515:
2170:
2163:
2018:
1974:
1969:
1832:
1744:
1721:
1697:
1654:
1613:
1503:
1361:
1349:
1306:
1294:
1267:
1248:
1226:
1203:
1181:
1159:
1148:
1144:
1133:
1122:
1104:
1089:
1066:
1029:
1021:
966:
951:
936:
921:
913:
909:
884:
876:
872:
833:
822:
807:
792:
753:
738:
734:
715:
694:
686:
678:
674:
2135:
2033:
2013:
1954:
1922:
1739:
1482:
1263:
1211:
1177:
991:
970:
962:
947:
932:
917:
880:
773:
723:
682:
627:
623:
2107:
1331:
1271:
1252:
1222:
1207:
1199:
1093:
1085:
1070:
1062:
1051:
1025:
1000:
796:
788:
757:
742:
690:
567:
380:
1546:
Typology and occurrence of pharyngeals and pharyngealization around the world.
1507:
2223:
2193:
2153:
2130:
2097:
2070:
1541:
1343:
1244:
1185:
818:
765:
761:
631:
610:
598:
227:
191:
2203:
2122:
2112:
2092:
1384:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1215:
1074:
814:
769:
606:
223:
20:
2208:
2198:
2188:
2075:
1932:
634:, which is generally not distinguished from pharyngealization, for the "
1991:
219:
195:
135:
42:
2180:
1986:
1937:
1897:
1892:
1879:
719:
258:
1.1, there have been two similar superscript characters: IPA ⟨
183:
103:
1914:
1902:
1522:
1454:
1452:
1419:
1887:
1400:
602:
255:
81:
1550:
1449:
1040:
844:
617:
579:
575:
1927:
362:. In the Unicode charts U+02C1 looks like a reversed ⟨
359:
355:
354:, which itself transliterates the glottal Semitic consonants
215:
187:
210:, pharyngealization can be indicated by one of two methods:
343:
237:⟩ (IPA Number 423) – a superscript variant of
582:, used pharyngealization in 14 pharyngealized consonants.
230:
or pharyngealization, as in , the guttural equivalent of .
641:
342:); which is used to transliterate the Semitic consonant
1463:
sfnp error: no target: CITEREFAsadpourMohammadi2014 (
198:
is constricted during the articulation of the sound.
1320:
1297:
1496:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1458:
321:⟩. U+02C1 is a typographic alternative to
2221:
1493:
1443:
1566:
994:
292:). U+02E4 is formally a superscript ⟨
1690:
436:modifier letter small reversed glottal stop
273:MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
1573:
1559:
1481:
1431:
1420:International Phonetic Association (1999
431:Latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricative
307:LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE
2222:
999:, and as , a variant pronunciation in
613:, epiglottalized vowels are phonemic.
1554:
642:Examples of pharyngealized consonants
441:modifier letter reversed glottal stop
290:MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
16:Articulation of consonants or vowels
995:
13:
1535:
1524:International Phonetic Association
249:
102:
14:
2251:
1321:Examples of pharyngealized vowels
1008:voiced alveolar lateral fricative
1580:
1293:
1141:voiceless postalveolar affricate
929:voiceless postalveolar fricative
379:), which is used in the IPA for
1597:International Phonetic Alphabet
1459:Asadpour & Mohammadi (2014)
1233:
1037:voiceless labiodental fricative
208:International Phonetic Alphabet
1437:
1425:
1413:
1336:pharyngealized vowels in the
446:modifier letter left half ring
340:MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING
201:
1:
1530:. Cambridge University Press.
1489:(Second ed.). Blackwell.
1475:
1444:Recasens & Espinosa (2005
1156:voiced postalveolar affricate
1111:
1024:, a variant pronunciation in
944:voiced postalveolar fricative
851:
243:voiced pharyngeal approximant
1260:alveolar lateral approximant
1241:labialized velar approximant
1119:voiceless alveolar affricate
1048:voiced labiodental fricative
572:Northwest Caucasian language
425:
403:
377:MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP
7:
1373:
1328:open-mid back rounded vowel
1101:voiceless glottal fricative
859:voiceless alveolar sibilant
525:Numeric character reference
121:Velarized or pharyngealized
10:
2256:
1366:pharyngealized vowels in
1360:pharyngealized vowels in
1354:pharyngealized vowels in
1348:pharyngealized vowels in
1342:pharyngealized vowels in
1277:pharyngealized labialized
1059:voiceless uvular fricative
959:voiceless dental fricative
387:labial consonants ⟨
18:
2179:
2144:
2121:
2059:
2004:
1965:
1913:
1878:
1869:
1849:
1831:
1776:
1753:
1720:
1635:
1612:
1603:
1586:
1508:10.1017/S0025100305001878
1192:
1166:
1130:voiced alveolar affricate
456:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
421:
416:
413:
410:
407:
275:) and Semiticist ⟨
162:
149:
144:
134:
125:
120:
92:
80:
69:
56:
51:
41:
32:
27:
1406:
1279:postalveolar approximant
1270:, and Northern Standard
896:voiced alveolar sibilant
653:
650:are not distinguished.)
562:
1082:voiced uvular fricative
978:voiced dental fricative
830:voiceless velar plosive
731:voiceless bilabial stop
661:voiceless alveolar stop
451:combining tilde overlay
2240:Secondary articulation
1589:Articulatory phonetics
638:" coronal consonants.
180:secondary articulation
107:
2235:Pharyngeal consonants
1763:Pharyngeal/epiglottal
1487:Vowels and Consonants
1330:in Northern Standard
1174:voiced alveolar trill
1028:, and postulated for
785:voiceless uvular stop
648:Uvularized consonants
346:and which = reversed
106:
2088:Labio-palatalization
1396:Epiglottal consonant
1391:Pharyngeal consonant
1338:Air Tamajeq language
841:voiced velar plosive
750:voiced bilabial stop
702:voiced alveolar stop
1778:Double articulation
457:Character encoding
233:The symbol ⟨
1387:(laryngealization)
804:voiced uvular stop
393:coronal consonants
108:
2217:
2216:
2103:Pharyngealization
2000:
1999:
1865:
1864:
1823:Uvular–epiglottal
1716:
1715:
1314:velar approximant
560:
559:
391:⟩ and the
176:Pharyngealization
173:
172:
116:
115:
112:
111:
2247:
2171:Voice onset time
1876:
1875:
1796:Labial–retroflex
1688:
1687:
1610:
1609:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1531:
1519:
1490:
1483:Ladefoged, Peter
1469:
1468:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1362:Mambay (Mangbai)
1307:American English
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1030:Classical Arabic
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
998:
997:
989:
988:
987:
986:
907:
906:
905:
904:
885:Classical Hebrew
870:
869:
868:
867:
821:; allophonic in
772:, allophonic in
713:
712:
711:
710:
695:Classical Hebrew
672:
671:
670:
669:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
402:
401:
398:
390:
378:
375:
372:
370:
365:
353:
341:
338:
335:
333:
328:
320:
312:
308:
305:
302:
300:
295:
291:
288:
285:
283:
278:
274:
271:
268:
266:
261:
240:
236:
166:
158:
153:
130:
129:
118:
117:
94:
93:
88:
73:
65:
60:
37:
36:
25:
24:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2175:
2140:
2117:
2062:
2055:
1996:
1961:
1909:
1861:
1845:
1827:
1791:Labial–alveolar
1772:
1749:
1730:Alveolo-palatal
1712:
1686:
1675:Palato-alveolar
1631:
1599:
1593:Co-articulation
1582:
1579:
1538:
1536:Further reading
1478:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1432:Ladefoged (2005
1430:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1376:
1326:pharyngealized
1323:
1312:pharyngealized
1296:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1258:pharyngealized
1239:pharyngealized
1236:
1221:pharyngealized
1212:Moroccan Darija
1198:pharyngealized
1195:
1172:pharyngealized
1169:
1154:pharyngealized
1139:pharyngealized
1128:pharyngealized
1117:pharyngealized
1114:
1099:pharyngealized
1080:pharyngealized
1057:pharyngealized
1046:pharyngealized
1035:pharyngealized
1012:
1011:
1010:
1006:pharyngealized
982:
981:
980:
976:pharyngealized
957:pharyngealized
942:pharyngealized
927:pharyngealized
900:
899:
898:
894:pharyngealized
889:Northern Berber
863:
862:
861:
857:pharyngealized
854:
839:pharyngealized
828:pharyngealized
813:pharyngealized
802:pharyngealized
783:pharyngealized
748:pharyngealized
729:pharyngealized
706:
705:
704:
700:pharyngealized
665:
664:
663:
659:pharyngealized
656:
644:
565:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
419:
397:ᵵ ᵭ ᵴ ᵶ ᵰ ᵲ ᵳ ɫ
376:
373:
368:
367:
351:
347:
339:
336:
331:
330:
326:
322:
306:
303:
298:
297:
289:
286:
281:
280:
272:
269:
264:
263:
252:
250:Computing codes
204:
164:
156:
151:
126:
86:
71:
63:
58:
33:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:Glottalization
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2083:Palatalization
2080:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1841:Velopharyngeal
1837:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1803:Labial–palatal
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1786:Labial–coronal
1782:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1660:Denti-alveolar
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1526:, ed. (1999).
1520:
1491:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1461:, p. 109.
1448:
1436:
1424:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1275:
1256:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1223:alveolar nasal
1219:
1200:bilabial nasal
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1137:
1126:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1097:
1078:
1055:
1044:
1033:
1004:
974:
955:
940:
925:
892:
853:
850:
849:
848:
837:
826:
811:
800:
781:
746:
727:
698:
655:
652:
643:
640:
630:use secondary
564:
561:
558:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
521:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
489:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
454:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
424:
423:
420:
417:
415:
412:
409:
406:
381:glottalization
349:
324:
251:
248:
247:
246:
231:
203:
200:
171:
170:
167:
160:
159:
154:
147:
146:
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
123:
122:
114:
113:
110:
109:
99:
98:
90:
89:
84:
78:
77:
74:
67:
66:
61:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
39:
38:
30:
29:
28:Pharyngealized
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2252:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Uvularization
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:Labialization
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:Coronal–velar
1816:
1814:
1813:Labial–uvular
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1543:
1542:Ian Maddieson
1540:
1539:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1466:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:Shihhi Arabic
1242:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1002:
993:
985:
979:
975:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
953:
949:
945:
941:
938:
934:
930:
926:
923:
919:
915:
911:
903:
897:
893:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
866:
860:
856:
855:
846:
842:
838:
835:
831:
827:
824:
820:
819:Shihhi Arabic
816:
812:
809:
805:
801:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:Shihhi Arabic
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
725:
721:
717:
709:
703:
699:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
662:
658:
657:
651:
649:
639:
637:
633:
632:uvularization
629:
625:
621:
619:
614:
612:
611:Tuu languages
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
570:, an extinct
569:
556:̴
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
490:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
455:
427:Unicode name
426:
404:
400:
394:
384:
382:
361:
357:
345:
316:
257:
244:
232:
229:
228:uvularization
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:
211:
209:
199:
197:
193:
190:by which the
189:
185:
181:
177:
168:
161:
155:
148:
143:
139:
137:
133:
124:
119:
105:
101:
100:
96:
95:
91:
85:
83:
79:
75:
68:
62:
55:
50:
46:
44:
40:
31:
26:
22:
2123:Tongue shape
2113:Nasalization
2102:
2093:Velarization
2063:articulation
1833:Pathological
1808:Labial–velar
1691:Active place
1670:Postalveolar
1645:Linguolabial
1581:Articulation
1527:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1385:Creaky voice
1380:Velarization
1234:Approximants
1216:Iraqi Arabic
815:glottal stop
770:Iraqi Arabic
645:
622:
615:
596:
566:
550:ʿ
544:ˁ
538:ˤ
532:ʕ
385:
315:glottal stop
253:
224:velarization
205:
175:
174:
21:velarization
1933:Approximant
1650:Interdental
1627:Labiodental
1502:(1): 1–25.
1305:variant in
1075:Bzyb Abkhaz
605:" language
202:IPA symbols
2224:Categories
2061:Secondary
2051:Percussive
2019:Ingressive
1992:Continuant
1476:References
1112:Affricates
852:Fricatives
574:spoken in
553:̴
547:ʿ
541:ˁ
535:ˤ
529:ʕ
405:Character
399:⟩.
366:⟩ (
296:⟩ (
279:⟩ (
262:⟩ (
220:swung dash
196:epiglottis
184:consonants
157:̴
136:IPA Number
64:ˤ
43:IPA Number
19:See also:
2230:Phonetics
2181:Phonation
2159:Aspirated
2154:Voiceless
2029:Implosive
2014:Egressive
2006:Airstream
1987:Occlusive
1938:Semivowel
1898:Fricative
1893:Affricate
1880:Obstruent
1755:Laryngeal
1708:Subapical
1680:Retroflex
1422::172–173)
778:Kabardian
720:Tamazight
592:Sahaptian
584:Chilcotin
152:(decimal)
59:(decimal)
2076:Rounding
2044:Ejective
2039:Pulmonic
2024:Ejective
1950:Tap/flap
1915:Sonorant
1903:Sibilant
1857:Bidental
1665:Alveolar
1622:Bilabial
1516:14140079
1485:(2005).
1374:See also
1149:Kurmanji
922:Kurmanji
877:Kurmanji
834:Kurmanji
735:Kurmanji
687:Kurmanji
636:emphatic
588:Salishan
395:⟨
352:⟩
348:⟨
327:⟩
323:⟨
317:⟨
163:Unicode
145:Encoding
70:Unicode
52:Encoding
2194:Breathy
1980:Lateral
1945:Vibrant
1888:Plosive
1768:Glottal
1735:Palatal
1703:Laminal
1637:Coronal
1401:Pharynx
1350:Tsakhur
1268:Chechen
1249:Chechen
1227:Chechen
1204:Chechen
1182:Chechen
1160:Chechen
1145:Chechen
1134:Chechen
1123:Chechen
1105:Tsakhur
1090:Tsakhur
1067:Tsakhur
1022:Soqotri
967:Shawiya
952:Chechen
937:Chechen
910:Chechen
873:Chechen
823:Chechen
808:Tsakhur
793:Tsakhur
754:Chechen
739:Chechen
716:Chechen
691:Mizrahi
675:Chechen
603:Khoisan
484:decimal
478:decimal
472:decimal
466:decimal
460:decimal
389:ᵱ ᵬ ᵮ ᵯ
374:ˀ
337:ʿ
304:ʕ
287:ˁ
270:ˤ
256:Unicode
206:In the
192:pharynx
150:Entity
82:X-SAMPA
57:Entity
2204:Creaky
2164:Tenuis
2131:Sulcal
1975:Rhotic
1970:Liquid
1871:Manner
1745:Uvular
1722:Dorsal
1698:Apical
1655:Dental
1614:Labial
1514:
1264:Kabyle
1214:, and
1193:Nasals
1178:Kabyle
1167:Trills
1041:Sorani
992:Arabic
971:Shehri
963:Zenaga
948:Kabyle
933:Kabyle
918:Arabic
914:Berber
881:Arabic
845:Sorani
795:, and
774:Adyghe
724:Arabic
683:Arabic
679:Berber
628:Syriac
624:Arabic
618:Dark l
580:Turkey
576:Russia
371:
369:U+02C0
334:
332:U+02BF
301:
299:U+0295
284:
282:U+02C1
267:
265:U+02E4
254:Since
241:, the
188:vowels
169:U+0334
97:Image
76:U+02E4
2209:Stiff
2199:Slack
2189:Modal
2146:Voice
2136:Domed
2034:Click
1955:Trill
1928:Vowel
1923:Nasal
1850:Other
1740:Velar
1605:Place
1512:S2CID
1434::183)
1407:Notes
1332:Dutch
1272:Dutch
1253:Ubykh
1208:Ubykh
1094:Archi
1086:Ubykh
1071:Archi
1063:Ubykh
1052:Ubykh
1026:Mehri
1001:Mehri
797:Archi
789:Ubykh
758:Ubykh
743:Ubykh
654:Stops
568:Ubykh
563:Usage
519:0334
360:hamza
356:aleph
216:tilde
178:is a
165:(hex)
72:(hex)
1465:help
1368:ǃXóõ
1344:Even
1291:(an
1262:(in
1251:and
1243:(in
1225:(in
1202:(in
1186:Siwa
1184:and
1176:(in
1158:(in
1147:and
1143:(in
1132:(in
1121:(in
1103:(in
1092:and
1084:(in
1073:and
1061:(in
1050:(in
1039:(in
1020:(in
990:(in
969:and
961:(in
950:and
946:(in
935:and
931:(in
920:and
908:(in
887:and
871:(in
843:(in
832:(in
817:(in
806:(in
787:(in
776:and
768:and
762:Siwa
752:(in
741:and
733:(in
722:and
714:(in
693:and
673:(in
626:and
597:The
578:and
513:02BF
507:02C1
501:02E4
495:0295
487:hex
358:and
344:ayin
1504:doi
1446::4)
1356:Udi
607:Taa
599:Tuu
516:820
510:703
504:705
498:740
492:661
481:hex
475:hex
469:hex
463:hex
239:⟨ʕ⟩
218:or
194:or
186:or
182:of
140:428
87:_?\
47:423
2226::
1595:–
1591:–
1544:,
1510:.
1500:35
1498:.
1451:^
1266:,
1247:,
1210:,
1206:,
1180:,
1088:,
1069:,
1065:,
965:,
916:,
912:,
883:,
879:,
875:,
791:,
764:,
760:,
756:,
737:,
718:,
689:,
685:,
681:,
677:,
601:/"
590:,
422:̴
226:,
214:A
128:◌̴
35:◌ˤ
1574:e
1567:t
1560:v
1518:.
1506::
1467:)
1309:)
1301:/
1298:r
1295:/
1274:)
1255:)
1229:)
1218:)
1188:)
1162:)
1151:)
1136:)
1125:)
1107:)
1096:)
1077:)
1054:)
1043:)
1032:)
1003:)
996:ظ
973:)
954:)
939:)
924:)
891:)
847:)
836:)
825:)
810:)
799:)
780:)
745:)
726:)
697:)
646:(
418:ʿ
414:ˁ
411:ˤ
408:ʕ
364:ˀ
350:ʾ
329:(
325:ʿ
319:ɂ
311:ʕ
294:ʕ
277:ˁ
260:ˤ
235:ˤ
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