40:
115:
533:
630:, which interrupted the communications between Denmark and Norway. Owing to the disloyalty of certain of his officers who resented serving under the young adventurer, Tordenskjold failed to do all that was expected of him. His enemies were not slow to take advantage of his partial failure. The old charge of criminal recklessness was revived against him at a second court-martial before which he was summoned in 1718. Nevertheless, his old patron Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve intervened energetically on his behalf, and the charge was quashed.
135:
686:, to which von Holstein announced he was the owner of the said creature and took offence at being called a cheat. This dispute turned into a fight, in which von Holstein unsuccessfully tried to pull a sword, after which Tordenskiold used the pommel of his own sword to beat him up. von Holstein demanded satisfaction through a duel. The details of the duel â besides its ending with Tordenskiold's death by a single wound by von Holstein's sword â are not well known.
455:
1064:
520:
himself and the contempt he poured on his less courageous comrades took the fancy of
Frederick IV. He successfully argued a section of the Danish naval code which mandated attacking fleeing enemy ships no matter the size, and was acquitted on 15 December 1714. He then went to the king asking for a promotion and was raised to the rank of
706:
429:
provinces. The audacity of Wessel impeded her at every point. He was continually snapping up transports, dashing into the fjords where her vessels lay concealed and holding up her detached frigates. He was a part of
Gyldenløve's fleet which succeeded in destroying a large number of Swedish transport
888:
One of the myths about
Tordenskjold has entered the Danish and Norwegian languages. During the negotiations for Marstrand's surrender in 1719, it is told that Tordenskjold's men moved from block to block as he walked the Marstrand commander through his positions, thus convincing the commander that
511:
tried to escape in the evening, Wessel set more sails and continued the duel. The fight was interrupted by nightfall, and renewed again indecisively the following morning. Both ships were severely damaged after around 14 hours of fighting, when Wessel was running out of ammunition. He then sent an
519:
asked for the admiralty to court-martial Wessel. He stood trial in
November 1714, accused of disclosing vital military information about his lack of ammunition to the enemy, as well as endangering the ship of king Frederick IV by fighting a superior enemy force. The spirit with which he defended
811:
has hosted an annual summer festival in his memory since 1998. Tordenskiold was stationed there and wrote 67 letters from there between 1717 and 1719. In 2008, the
Festival attracted more than 30,000 visitors. In 2009, the Days of Tordenskiold were celebrated on 26, 27, and 28 June.
625:
squadron â but at the same time incurred the enmity of
Christian Carl Gabel, whom he had failed to take into his confidence. Tordenskiold's first important command was the squadron with which he was entrusted at the beginning of 1717 to destroy the Swedish
422:, who appreciated and utilized Wessel's courage. Wessel was already renowned for two things: the audacity with which he attacked any Swedish vessels he came across regardless of the odds and his unique seamanship, which always enabled him to evade capture.
512:
envoy to the
British ship, cordially thanking the British for a good duel, and asked if he could borrow some of their ammunition to continue the fight. His request was denied, and the captains drank to each other's health before the ships dispersed.
678:, in which the sword of von Holstein ran through Tordenskiold. The circumstances around the death of Tordenskiold were set in a conspiratorial light, as summed up in the contemporary three-volume Tordenskiold biography (1747â1750) by C. P. Rothe.
681:
The duel was encouraged by a dispute with von
Holstein, whom Tordenskiold offended by labeling him as a cheat at gambling. At a dinner party, Tordenskiold told of a friend who had been cheated while gambling with a man who claimed to own a
606:. Tordenskiold compelled Charles to raise the siege and retire to Sweden. Tordenskiold did so by pouncing upon the Swedish transport fleet, laden with ammunition and other military stores, which rode at anchor in the narrow and dangerous
982:
822:
in
Denmark is called Tordenskjold. In the late 1800s, Sweden had a large export production of matches, so a Danish manufacturer put Tordenskiold's portrait on his matchbox in 1882, in the hope he could once more strike at the Swedish
641:
in 1719. The last feat of arms during the Great
Northern War was Tordenskiold's partial destruction and partial capture of the Gothenburg Squadron, which had so long eluded him, on 26 September 1719. He was rewarded with the rank of
848:, Tordenskiold was revived as both a Danish and Norwegian national symbol. He was portrayed as the little guy outsmarting his far more powerful adversaries, and his exploits were enhanced by mixing in myths and fiction.
839:
Though his victories were not decisive during the war, he eventually attained mythic status as one of the most successful Dano-Norwegian military commanders. As the Danish-Norwegian Union ended in 1814 with the
793:
470:
after an indecisive sea battle with a Swedish frigate. The legal proceedings from November 1714 verify the account of the incident. On 26 July 1714, he encountered a frigate under the British flag near
329:. Peter Wessel was a wild, unruly lad who gave his pious parents much trouble, eventually stowing away on a ship heading for Copenhagen in 1704. In Copenhagen, he unsuccessfully sought to become a navy
986:
721:
and Ulrich Christian Gyldenløve's at Rßgen, he is seen as the most heroic figure of the Great Northern War, after Charles XII. He is mentioned by name both in the Danish national anthem "
659:
633:
In December 1718, Tordenskiold brought Frederick IV the welcome news of the death of Charles XII and was, in turn, made Rear-Admiral. Tordenskiold captured the Swedish fortress of
425:
The Great Northern War had now entered its later stage when Sweden, beset on every side by foes, employed her fleet principally to transport troops and stores to the distressed
1437:
865:
885:. The 2016 film "Satisfaction 1720" is another mix of fact, fiction, and speculation about Tordenskjold after the Great Northern War and the duel that ended his life.
556:
put new life into the dispirited Swedish forces, Wessel distinguished himself in numerous engagements off the coast of Swedish Pomerania, under the command of Admiral
1020:
557:
404:
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357:
275:. He ranks among the most famous naval captains in Denmark and Norway. He experienced an unusually rapid rise in rank and died when he was only 30 years old.
368:
391:
1108:
749:
319:
757:
670:, Tordenskiold got in a fight with von Holstein, who had been in Swedish military service. The confrontation ended in a duel on the Sehlwiese in
607:
403:, against the advice of the Danish admiralty, who considered Wessel unreliable. After officially complaining about his dreary commanding officer
855:", and a great number of fictional plays and novels were subsequently published. These accounts served as background for the 1910 Danish film "
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588:
1457:
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360:, who was the first to recognize the young man's potential as a naval officer. Løvendal soon made Peter Wessel the captain of the four-gun
1404:
1084:
1452:
610:. With two frigates and five smaller ships, he conquered or destroyed around 30 Swedish ships, with minor damage to himself during the
654:
Tordenskiold did not long survive the termination of the war. On 12 November 1720, at the age of 30, he was killed in a duel by
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He did the enemy considerable damage by cutting out their frigates and destroying their transports. During a battle at
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39:
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for his capture, while his free and easy ways also won him enemies in the Danish navy, who deplored his almost
901:), denoting the same group of people (feeling compelled to) repeatedly taking charge and fill multiple roles.
1348:
20:
419:
1442:
815:
Several Danish and Norwegian cities have streets named Tordenskjoldsgade (Tordenskjold Street) after him.
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390:
picking up useful information about the enemy. In June 1712, Løvendal promoted him to the 18-gun frigate
693:
without much ceremony, as duelling was not allowed according to Danish law. In 1819, he was buried in a
295:
meaning "Thunder Shield". This was also the orthographical form which he used. In newer times, the form
729:
714:
774:
225:
140:
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Although â Dynekilen excepted â Tordenskiold's individual victories were of less importance than
516:
409:
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532:
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at him. In the British captain, Wessel met a tough match. The combat lasted all day, and when
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in the state of Minnesota was settled in 1871 by Danish brothers who named it after him. The
545:
260:
217:
90:
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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173:
8:
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and finally procured a vacant cadetship for him. After further voyages, this time to the
333:. He befriended the king's chaplain, Peder Jespersen, who sent Wessel on a voyage to the
264:
183:
178:
259:
in 1716. His greatest exploit came later that year, as he destroyed the supply fleet of
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342:
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until the municipal merger in 2020, after which a new coat of arms was introduced.
45:
983:"When Scandinavia's gutsiest Admiral ran out of ammo, he asked his enemy for more"
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1218:
1183:
1176:
1116:
920:
894:
845:
824:
663:
521:
439:
1261:, pp. 657â658, Nils Arne Sørensen & Paul Ulff-Møller, "Tordenskjold, Peder".
1143:
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70:
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A comprehensive fictionalized account was collected in the 1858 popular song "
345:
in the Royal Danish-Norwegian Navy on 7 July 1711 and went on to serve on the
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and Denmark consigned itself to the status of a minor power following the
283:
His birth name was Peter Jansen Wessel. His name occurs with spellings as
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745:
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476:
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334:
248:
1306:
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454:
1088:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 50.
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Wessel started his navy service during the Great Northern War against
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66:
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Blev Tordenskjold myrdet? En Prøve paa C. P. Rothes Kildebenyttelse
878:
831:). The Tordenskjold brand was bought by a Swedish company in 1972.
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has named several ships after him, including an early 20th century
667:
634:
622:
561:
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to come closer. As Wessel raised the Danish flag, Bactmann fired a
312:
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his strength was much greater than it was. This gave birth to the
736:
Statues of him have been erected in Copenhagen (1876), Trondheim,
431:
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has also named ships after him, such as the coastal defence ship
737:
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565:
434:
on 29 September 1712, and was promoted from second lieutenant to
346:
882:
549:
383:
247:
He won a name for himself through audacity and courage and was
1234:
617:
For this his greatest exploit, he was promoted to the rank of
196:(28 October 1690 â 12 November 1720), commonly referred to as
1112:
890:
819:
587:. He then transferred to the main fleet under the command of
330:
1339:, "Klassikere og ny dramatik pĂĽ Aarhus Teater", 26 May 1993.
602:. In 1716, Charles XII invaded Norway and laid siege to the
458:
Drinking each other's health. The end of the fight with the
1376:
Tordenskjold : en biografi om eventyreren og sjøhelten
741:
583:), which he was granted as his new flagship under the name
272:
594:
On returning to Denmark at the beginning of 1716, he was
689:
Tordenskiold's corpse was brought to Copenhagen to the
495:
under the command of a British captain named Bactmann.
291:. Upon his ennoblement in 1716, he received the name
1438:
Danish military personnel of the Great Northern War
19:"Tordenskjold" redirects here. For other uses, see
1414:
1408:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 50â51.
727:" from 1778 and the Norwegian national anthem "
877:as Peter Wessel. The musical was performed in
782:, served from around 1980 to August 2009. The
568:on 24 April 1715, Wessel captured the Swedish
1323:Søren Kassebeer, "De vil sjunge om en helt",
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
487:carrying 28 guns, which had been equipped in
244:in 1704 and eventually enlisted in the navy.
1047:
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794:Royal Norwegian Naval Training Establishment
1016:
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224:who spent his career in the service of the
201:
1349:Variety, Film Review: "Satisfaction 1720"
1026:
414:in Norway, Wessel was transferred to the
1373:
1074:
1001:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
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873:opened, a mix of fact and fiction, with
704:
531:
453:
438:. His successes compelled the Swedes to
356:, he befriended Norwegian admiral baron
271:would fail. In 1720, he was killed in a
1364:
1128:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
515:When he heard about the incident, King
1415:
1246:
1244:
1242:
386:, cruising about the Swedish coast in
938:
491:for the Swedes and was on its way to
311:in Norway, he was the tenth child of
1392:
1163:, vol. 11, 1960. Digitalized by the
1092:
527:
315:Jan Wessel and the brother of later
1458:Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy personnel
1239:
13:
1358:
1177:Kong Christian stod ved højen mast
724:Kong Christian stod ved højen mast
598:by Frederick IV under the name of
544:When, in 1715, the return of King
14:
1469:
1453:Military personnel from Trondheim
972:, C. With, "Tordenskjold, Peder".
1062:
869:". In 1993, the two-act musical
449:
377:
236:. Born in the Norwegian city of
194:Peter Jansen Wessel Tordenskiold
133:
113:
38:
1342:
1330:
1317:
1300:
1283:
1264:
1228:
1212:Korvetter af NIELS JUEL-klassen
1205:
1193:
1023:at Gyldendals Ă
bne EncyklopĂŚdi.
483:himself. The other frigate was
1308:Tordenskjold gĂĽr i land (1942)
1280:at Danske-Tordenskiold-Venner.
1170:
1149:
1137:
1122:
975:
1:
1146:at Royal Danish Naval Museum.
931:
834:
660:Jakob Axel StaĂŤl von Holstein
21:Tordenskjold (disambiguation)
302:
240:, Peter Wessel travelled to
7:
1399:"Tordenskjold, Peder"
904:
893:"Tordenskjold's soldiers" (
754:coat of arms of Holmestrand
709:Tordenskjold-brand matchbox
10:
1474:
818:The most popular brand of
730:Ja, vi elsker dette landet
715:Christen Thomesen Sehested
536:Statue of Tordenskjold in
420:Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve
18:
1374:Andersen, Dan H. (2006).
1291:Peter Tordenskjold (1910)
1271:Tordenskiold pĂĽ stikkerne
1021:Peter Wessel Tordenskiold
863:play, and the 1942 film "
853:Jeg vil sjunge om en Helt
775:Niels Juel class corvette
700:
575:, as well as the frigate
228:. He rose to the rank of
226:Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy
164:
154:
146:
141:Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy
126:
108:
96:
76:
53:
37:
30:
1200:Tordenskjold (1690â1720)
966:Dansk Biografisk Lexikon
748:. In the United States,
649:
604:fortress of Fredrikshald
232:for his services in the
1405:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
1276:15 January 2010 at the
1129:Lauring, Palle (1986).
1107:Hans Christian Bjerg, "
1085:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
866:Tordenskjold gĂĽr i land
517:Frederick IV of Denmark
341:, Wessel was appointed
278:
1251:Gads Historie Leksikon
1202:at Søfartshistorie.dk.
899:Tordenskjolds soldater
898:
828:
710:
541:
463:
1378:. Norway: Spartacus.
1253:, Gads Forlag, 2006,
1235:Tordenskiold Festival
1217:10 April 2010 at the
1182:10 April 2010 at the
1109:PĂĽ kanoner og pokaler
962:Bricka, Carl Frederik
829:give de svenske stryg
750:Tordenskjold Township
708:
546:Charles XII of Sweden
535:
524:on 28 December 1714.
457:
261:Charles XII of Sweden
147:Years of service
16:Norwegian sea officer
1365:Adamson, H. (1959).
1188:Royal Danish Library
1165:Royal Danish Library
1161:Historisk Tidsskrift
1131:A History of Denmark
968:, vol. XVII , 1903,
784:Royal Norwegian Navy
771:coastal defence ship
558:Christian Carl Gabel
466:In 1714, Wessel was
405:Daniel Jacob Wilster
269:siege of Fredriksten
174:Battle of Gothenburg
1443:Duelling fatalities
1394:Bain, Robert Nisbet
1367:Admiral Thunderbolt
1327:, 5 September 1993.
1144:Store nordiske Krig
1080:Tordenskjold, Peder
807:The Danish city of
628:Gothenburg Squadron
612:Battle of Dynekilen
265:Battle of Dynekilen
216:), was a Norwegian
184:Attack on Marstrand
179:Battle of Dynekilen
1448:Norwegian admirals
1325:Berlingske Tidende
1155:H. D. Schepelern,
926:Norwegian nobility
857:Peter Tordenskjold
779:Peter Tordenskiold
756:included his ship
719:Siege of Stralsund
711:
542:
464:
436:captain lieutenant
299:has become usual.
253:Peter Tordenskiold
234:Great Northern War
169:Great Northern War
32:Peter Tordenskjold
1223:Royal Danish Navy
767:Royal Danish Navy
666:During a trip to
621:, commanding the
573:Hans Wachtmeister
528:Greatest exploits
427:Swedish Pomerania
358:Waldemar Løvendal
343:second lieutenant
320:Caspar von Wessel
191:
190:
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994:
985:. Archived from
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959:
916:Tordenskiold Oak
614:on 8 July 1716.
509:De Olbing Galley
501:Løvendals Gallej
497:De Olbing Galley
485:De Olbing Galley
481:Løvendals Gallej
468:court-martialled
460:De Olbing Galley
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80:12 November 1720
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46:Balthasar Denner
42:
28:
27:
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1433:Danish admirals
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1359:Further reading
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1278:Wayback Machine
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1119:, 29 July 1964.
1117:Jyllands-Posten
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1093:
1078:, ed. (1911). "
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921:Danish nobility
907:
846:Napoleonic Wars
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703:
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530:
475:while flying a
452:
446:-like conduct.
407:
396:
393:Løvendals Galej
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267:, ensuring his
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64:28 October 1690
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1351:, 7 July 2016.
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1337:Ritzaus Bureau
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1133:. p. 172.
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1076:Chisholm, Hugh
1025:
1000:
989:on 20 May 2020
974:
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906:
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859:", based on a
842:Treaty of Kiel
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833:
804:Tordenskjold.
702:
699:
651:
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529:
526:
499:signalled for
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211:Thunder Shield
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121:Denmark-Norway
110:
106:
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84:(aged 30)
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74:
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71:Denmark-Norway
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809:Frederikshavn
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734:
733:" from 1864.
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691:Holmen Church
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489:Great Britain
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440:post a reward
437:
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378:Early service
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102:Holmen Church
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56:
52:
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41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
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1083:
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
977:
965:
911:Tordenskiold
887:
875:Ăystein Wiik
871:Tordenskjold
870:
864:
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789:Tordenskjold
788:
778:
764:
758:
735:
728:
722:
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688:
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644:vice-admiral
632:
619:post-captain
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600:Tordenskiold
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570:Rear-Admiral
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317:Rear-Admiral
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297:Tordenskjold
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293:Tordenskiold
292:
288:
284:
282:
257:Frederick IV
252:
246:
230:vice-admiral
222:flag officer
198:Tordenskjold
197:
193:
192:
165:Battles/wars
159:Vice admiral
82:(1720-11-12)
44:Portrait by
25:
1428:1720 deaths
1423:1690 births
970:pp. 442â453
861:Carit Etlar
746:Haakonsvern
695:sarcophagus
589:Peter Raben
581:White Eagle
418:command of
408: [
397: [
352:. While on
339:East Indies
335:West Indies
323: [
1417:Categories
993:22 January
932:References
835:In fiction
792:, and the
717:'s at the
676:Hildesheim
672:Gleidingen
493:Gothenburg
416:Baltic Sea
354:Postillion
350:Postillion
242:Copenhagen
109:Allegiance
87:Hildesheim
60:1690-10-28
800:is named
759:Hvide Ărn
639:Marstrand
585:Hvide Ărn
577:Hvita Ărn
554:Stralsund
538:Trondheim
505:broadside
473:Lindesnes
444:privateer
430:ships at
369:HMS
309:Trondheim
303:Biography
238:Trondheim
150:1705â1720
67:Trondhjem
1396:(1911).
1274:Archived
1215:Archived
1180:Archived
905:See also
879:Gladsaxe
668:Hannover
658:colonel
656:Livonian
635:Carlsten
623:Kattegat
596:ennobled
313:alderman
307:Born in
255:by King
249:ennobled
218:nobleman
127:Service/
1073::
820:matches
738:Stavern
566:Kolberg
522:captain
371:Serpent
347:frigate
263:at the
205:
91:Cologne
1382:
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895:Danish
883:Aarhus
825:Danish
798:Bergen
773:. The
701:Legacy
550:Turkey
384:Sweden
289:Pitter
138:
129:branch
118:
97:Buried
48:(1719)
1113:Op-ed
891:idiom
684:Hydra
674:near
650:Death
548:from
477:Dutch
432:RĂźgen
412:]
401:]
388:Ormen
365:Ormen
362:sloop
331:cadet
327:]
285:Peder
1380:ISBN
1313:IMDb
1296:IMDb
1255:ISBN
995:2020
881:and
765:The
744:and
742:Oslo
287:and
279:Name
273:duel
220:and
202:lit.
155:Rank
77:Died
54:Born
1311:at
1294:at
1221:at
1186:at
1115:in
1111:",
1082:".
802:KNM
796:in
637:at
552:to
374:).
251:as
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