453:
several months under miserable conditions. It was difficult to move around on the ships, because those trafficking in slaves filled them to capacity. The slaves were often told they were being taken to a land where they would be eaten. Claver wore a cloak, which he would lend to anyone in need. A legend arose that whoever wore the cloak received lifetime health and was cured of all disease. After the slaves were herded from the ship and penned in nearby yards to be scrutinized by crowds of buyers, Claver joined them with medicine, food, bread, lemons. With the help of interpreters and pictures which he carried with him, he gave basic instructions.
438:
478:
2492:
1681:
2506:
1693:
1669:
352:
1836:
461:. His mission extended beyond caring for the slaves, however. He preached in the city square, to sailors and traders and conducted country missions, returning every spring to visit those he had baptized, ensuring that they were treated humanely. During these missions, whenever possible he avoided the hospitality of planters and overseers; instead, he would lodge in the same quarters as the slaves.
1657:
485:
In the last years of his life Peter was too ill to leave his room. He lingered for four years, largely forgotten and neglected, physically abused and starved by an ex-slave who had been hired by the
Superior of the house to care for him. He never complained about his treatment, accepting it as a just
389:
had been established in the
Americas for about a century. Local Native Americans were considered physically ill-suited to work in the gold and silver mines. Mine owners met their labor requirements by importing blacks from Angola and Congo, whom they purchased in West Africa for four crowns a head or
497:
The city magistrates, who had previously considered him a nuisance for his persistent advocacy on behalf of the slaves, ordered a public funeral and he was buried with pomp and ceremony. The scope of Claver's ministry, which was prodigious even before considering the astronomical number of people he
568:
Among the many parishes dedicated to St. Peter Claver are those in
Lexington, Kentucky, West Hartford, Connecticut, Macon, Georgia, New Orleans, Louisiana, Simi Valley, California, St. Paul, Minnesota, Sheboygan, Wisconsin, Montclair, New Jersey, Baltimore, Maryland, Huntington, West Virginia, and
464:
Claver's work on behalf of the enslaved did not prevent him from ministering to the souls of well-to-do members of society, traders and visitors to
Cartagena (including Muslims and English Protestants) and condemned criminals, many of whom he spiritually prepared for death; he was also a frequent
452:
Whereas
Sandoval had visited the slaves where they worked, Claver preferred to head for the wharf as soon as a slave ship entered the port. Boarding the ship, he entered the filthy and diseased holds to treat and minister to their badly treated, terrified human cargo, who had survived a voyage of
456:
Once baptized, Claver saw the slaves as fellow
Christians, and encouraged others to treat them as such. During the season when slavers were not accustomed to arrive, he traveled the country, visiting plantation after plantation, to give spiritual consolation to the slaves. During his 40 years of
572:
Among the many schools dedicated to St. Peter Claver are those in
Decatur, Georgia, and Pimville, South Africa. The oldest African American school in the Diocese of St. Petersburg, and the oldest African American school still functioning in the State of Florida, is the St. Peter Claver Catholic
601:
That said, the sources cited by Grimes' in her criticism stated that Claver allowed uncommon freedom for the slaves he purchased (using them in his ministry rather than for hard labor), and resorted to physical punishment solely to prevent what he saw as immoral behavior.
593:
His canonization has caused angst among some due to his own slaveholding and treatment of slaves (including corporal punishment), and it is alleged that these matters may have initially stalled his canonization. Dr. Katie Grimes has gone so far as to call Claver a
304:, Claver was noted for his intelligence and piety. After two years of study there, Claver wrote these words in the notebook he kept throughout his life: "I must dedicate myself to the service of God until death, on the understanding that I am like a slave."
413:, was his mentor and inspiration. Sandoval devoted himself to serving the slaves for 40 years before Claver arrived to continue his work. Sandoval attempted to learn about their customs and languages; he was so successful that, when he returned to
551:, Inc., is the largest African-American Catholic fraternal organization in the United States. In 2006, a unit was established in San Andres, Colombia. The Order was founded in Mobile, Alabama, and is presently headquartered in New Orleans.
393:
Cartagena was a slave-trading hub and 10,000 slaves poured into the port yearly, crossing the
Atlantic from West Africa under conditions so foul that an estimated one-third died in transit. Although the slave trade was condemned by
957:
489:
When the news of his death spread throughout
Cartagena many came to his room to pay their last respects. Such was his reputation for holiness that the room was stripped bare of anything that might serve as a
554:
Claver's mission continues today in the work of the
Apostleship of the Sea (AoS) and his inspiration remains among port chaplains and those who visit ships in the name of the church, through the AoS.
517:. In 1896 Pope Leo also declared Claver the patron of missionary work among all African peoples. His body is preserved and venerated in the church of the Jesuit residence, now renamed in his honor.
242:
of over 5,000 people per year. He is also patron saint for seafarers. He is considered a heroic example of what should be the Christian praxis of love and of the exercise of human rights.
561:
are a religious congregation of women dedicated to serving the spiritual and social needs of the poor around the world, particularly in Africa. They were founded in Austria by the Blessed
543:
Many organizations, missions, parishes, religious congregations, schools and hospitals bear the name of St. Peter Claver and also claim to continue the Mission of Claver as the following:
465:
visitor at the city's hospitals. Through years of unremitting toil and the force of his own unique personality, the slave's condition slowly improved. In time he became a moral force, the
417:, he wrote a book in 1627 about the nature, customs, rites and beliefs of the Africans. Sandoval found Claver an apt pupil. When he was solemnly professed in 1622, Claver signed his final
654:
390:
bartered for goods and sold in America for an average two hundred crowns apiece. Others were captured at random, especially able-bodied males and females deemed suitable for labor.
457:
ministry it is estimated that he personally catechized and baptized 300,000 slaves. He would then follow up on them to ensure that as Christians they received their Christian and
45:
2576:
1021:
934:
790:
844:
1520:
676:
2596:
382:. During those preparatory years, he was deeply disturbed by the harsh treatment and living conditions of the black slaves who were brought from Africa.
1436:
1635:
759:
2626:
2616:
2424:
646:
2546:
1321:
621:
2611:
1458:
2621:
874:
2571:
2566:
2375:
1081:
1013:
926:
2601:
2556:
2417:
1051:
825:
782:
2551:
1844:
558:
441:
106:
1103:
967:
852:
692:
904:
578:
1817:
1573:"A Century of Promoting Saint Peter Claver and Catholicism to African Americans: Claverian Historiography from 1868-1965"
723:
1725:
1373:
1171:
991:
2021:
374:
in 1610. Required to spend six years studying theology before being ordained a priest, he lived in Jesuit houses at
2561:
2410:
2382:
1291:
2581:
1201:
344:. Rodriguez felt that he had been told by God that Claver was to spend his life in service in the colonies of
2431:
2396:
2389:
1791:
1428:
1141:
2591:
2586:
2007:
1261:
1546:
1406:
751:
2541:
2112:
1986:
250:
2224:
1489:
616:
562:
2467:
2334:
2299:
2255:
1647:
1231:
2496:
2196:
1944:
2403:
1351:
1313:
289:
set the colonial slavery culture into motion by authorizing the purchase of 250 African slaves in
548:
301:
286:
2360:
1965:
437:
2606:
2147:
2119:
1979:
1860:
1773:
1466:
611:
367:
235:
88:
2189:
1718:
477:
356:
239:
2449:
882:
2536:
2531:
2457:
2368:
2313:
2140:
418:
246:
8:
2182:
2070:
2042:
2028:
1764:
1756:
514:
445:
371:
360:
333:
157:
84:
2278:
2203:
1073:
2510:
2175:
2168:
2063:
1853:
1592:
510:
410:
386:
329:
274:
164:
1909:
1611:
1043:
817:
261:
Claver was born in 1580 into a devoutly Catholic and prosperous farming family in the
2474:
2154:
2091:
1874:
1867:
1584:
963:
688:
528:"No life, except the life of Christ, has moved me so deeply as that of Peter Claver".
228:
187:
64:
2327:
2161:
2105:
2014:
1916:
1888:
1800:
1711:
1661:
1111:
402:
had issued a papal decree prohibiting slavery, (later called "supreme villainy" by
313:
204:
35:
2285:
1951:
598:" and has accused the Catholic Church of "White supremacism" for championing him.
2320:
2098:
2056:
2049:
1824:
1809:
1685:
912:
595:
481:
The bones of Claver under an altar at the Church of St. Peter Claver in Cartagena
399:
325:
102:
2306:
2271:
2217:
1972:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1902:
1881:
422:
92:
68:
2035:
2525:
2210:
2000:
1895:
1697:
1588:
715:
506:
395:
238:, it is estimated he personally baptized around 300,000 people and heard the
140:
113:
2264:
2244:
2077:
1673:
582:
502:
458:
403:
220:
174:
130:
123:
1521:"Pope's Sense Of Humor Intact After Minor Popemobile Accident In Colombia"
1163:
983:
685:
Más allá del héroe. Antología crítica de teatro histórico hispanoamericano
2292:
2133:
2084:
1993:
1749:
1640:
905:"The Saints and Beatified Servants of God Who Have Flourished in America"
1596:
1572:
2352:
1835:
337:
1283:
1133:
2126:
783:"Who was St. Peter Claver, whose tomb the Pope will visit this week?"
345:
321:
317:
294:
282:
49:
Petrus Claver, Aethiopum Servus (Peter Claver, Slave of the Africans)
1613:
The life of St. Peter Claver, S.J. : the apostle of the Negroes
379:
348:, and he frequently urged the young student to accept that calling.
2505:
1610:
Slattery, J. R. (John Richard); Fleuriau, Bertrand Gabriel (1893).
1193:
535:
341:
224:
183:
266:
216:
60:
1734:
466:
414:
212:
200:
1253:
366:
Claver volunteered for the Spanish colonies and was sent to the
44:
1398:
915:
on 22 August 2018 – via Eternal World Television Network.
351:
290:
270:
179:
149:
1782:
1223:
491:
375:
278:
262:
25:
2235:
136:
119:
1703:
1224:"Church of St Peter Claver, a Catholic Church in St. Paul"
406:), it was a lucrative business and continued to flourish.
1399:"St. Peter Claver Regional Catholic School - Decatur, GA"
1630:
1343:
687:. Editorial Universidad de Antioquía. 2008. p. 60.
1487:
409:
Claver's predecessor in his eventual lifelong mission,
312:
After he had completed his studies, Claver entered the
1048:
Missionary Sisters of St Peter Claver of North America
486:
punishment for his sins. He died on 8 September 1654.
2577:
People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
1645:
538:, on the occasion of the canonization of Peter Claver
780:
677:"La virtud heroica del "esclavo de los esclavos" en
429:(Peter Claver, servant of the Ethiopians forever).
1519:Pullella, Philip; Torres, Noe (11 September 2017).
253:as the National Day of Human Rights in his honor.
211:; 26 June 1580 – 8 September 1654) was a Spanish
2523:
2425:International Association of Jesuit Universities
1609:
984:"Apostleship of the Sea Welcomes You | AoS"
955:
752:"St. Peter Claver: Slave of the Slaves Forever"
1518:
745:
743:
741:
1719:
1254:"St. Peter Claver, Hmong Catholic Ministries"
1014:"St Peter Claver - Patron Saint of Seafarers"
498:baptized, was realized only after his death.
1570:
1488:El Congreso de Colombia (18 November 1985).
1044:"Foundress Blessed Mary Theresa Ledóchowska"
927:"Convento & Iglesia de San Pedro Claver"
849:Knights of Peter Claver and Ladies Auxiliary
320:at the age of 20. When he had completed the
738:
432:
355:Portrait of St. Peter Claver in the museum
234:During the 40 years of his ministry in the
1726:
1712:
875:"EWTN's Saints and other Holy People Home"
641:
639:
637:
219:who, due to his life and work, became the
43:
1765:Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola
1403:St. Peter Claver Regional Catholic School
781:Catholic News Agency (7 September 2017).
716:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Peter Claver"
2597:Deaths from Parkinson's disease in Spain
2376:Superior General of the Society of Jesus
750:Sladxy, Joseph F.X. (8 September 2014).
622:Saint Peter Claver, patron saint archive
476:
436:
350:
2627:Pontificia Universidad Javeriana alumni
2617:Roman Catholic missionaries in Colombia
2418:List of Jesuit educational institutions
812:
810:
808:
634:
370:, where he arrived in the port city of
2524:
1492:[Law 95 of 1985 (November 8)]
1258:Sheboygan South Side Catholic Parishes
1024:from the original on 10 September 2014
839:
837:
835:
749:
710:
708:
706:
704:
559:Missionary Sisters of St. Peter Claver
427:Petrus Claver, aethiopum semper servus
107:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
2547:Roman Catholic priests from Catalonia
1707:
1544:
1234:from the original on 3 September 2018
1204:from the original on 22 February 2014
1084:from the original on 3 September 2014
994:from the original on 14 November 2019
937:from the original on 10 December 2012
828:from the original on 22 January 2019.
472:
324:, he was sent to study philosophy at
1294:from the original on 8 December 2018
805:
793:from the original on 5 February 2020
726:from the original on 27 October 2012
579:Congress of the Republic of Colombia
2612:Spanish Roman Catholic missionaries
1818:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
1616:. Philadelphia :, H.L. Kilner.
1545:Dulle, Colleen (8 September 2017).
1108:Catholic Church of St. Peter Claver
962:(4° ed.). Bonum. p. 388.
879:EWTN's Saints and Other Holy People
867:
832:
701:
657:from the original on 13 August 2012
448:, where Claver lived and ministered
340:known for his holiness and gift of
328:. While there, he came to know the
307:
13:
2622:African-American Roman Catholicism
1439:from the original on 1 August 2019
1194:"St. Peter Claver Catholic Church"
762:from the original on 23 April 2016
647:"St. Peter Claver, SJ (1581-1654)"
14:
2638:
1624:
1354:from the original on 10 July 2019
1324:from the original on 25 July 2019
1174:from the original on 10 June 2013
1144:from the original on 25 June 2013
1054:from the original on 12 June 2018
281:about 54 miles (87 km) from
2504:
2491:
2490:
2411:Jesuit missions in North America
1834:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1463:St. Peter Claver Catholic School
1429:"St Peter Claver Primary School"
1409:from the original on 5 June 2013
1348:St. Peter Claver Catholic Church
1264:from the original on 5 July 2019
2572:Jesuit missionaries in Colombia
2567:Colombian Roman Catholic saints
2383:Pontifical Gregorian University
1603:
1564:
1538:
1512:
1481:
1451:
1421:
1391:
1366:
1336:
1306:
1276:
1246:
1216:
1186:
1168:www.stpeterclaverneworleans.org
1156:
1138:St Peter Claver Catholic Church
1126:
1104:"Parish Home - St Peter Claver"
1096:
1066:
1036:
1006:
976:
949:
919:
2602:University of Barcelona alumni
2557:Canonizations by Pope Leo XIII
1490:"LEY 95 DE 1985 (NOVIEMBRE 8)"
1465:. 19 June 2013. Archived from
988:www.apostleshipofthesea.org.uk
897:
774:
669:
588:
215:priest and missionary born in
186:, race relations, ministry to
1:
2552:Catalan Roman Catholic saints
2432:Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm
2397:Pontifical Oriental Institute
2390:Pontifical Biblical Institute
1792:Regimini militantis Ecclesiae
1571:von Germeten, Nicole (2005).
1078:Catholic Diocese of Lexington
627:
285:. He was born 70 years after
256:
2022:Roque González de Santa Cruz
1641:Apostleship to the Sea (AoS)
581:declared September 9 as the
155:Church of Saint Peter Claver
7:
1733:
1636:San Pedro Claver, Caribenet
1435:. Catholic Schools Office.
911:. June 1854. Archived from
605:
585:national Day in his honor.
300:Later, as a student at the
10:
2643:
2468:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
2335:List of Jesuit theologians
2300:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
1547:"Who is St. Peter Claver?"
1433:Catholic Schools in Soweto
442:Church of St. Peter Claver
2484:
2441:
2344:
2254:
2234:
1843:
1832:
1741:
1577:American Catholic Studies
1374:"St. Peter Claver Parish"
1288:Saint Peter Claver Church
1074:"St. Peter Claver Parish"
520:
173:
163:
146:
129:
112:
98:
74:
54:
42:
23:
16:Spanish Jesuit missionary
2225:Alfonso Rodríguez Olmedo
1318:Archdiocese of Baltimore
1198:www.saintpeterclaver.org
1164:"Home | St Peter Claver"
956:Conti, Servilio (2006).
617:Mary Theresa Ledóchowska
563:Mary Theresa Ledóchowska
509:, along with the Jesuit
433:Ministry to the enslaved
2562:Christian abolitionists
1966:Claude de la Colombière
1631:Knights of Peter Claver
681:, de Oswaldo Díaz Díaz"
549:Knights of Peter Claver
302:University of Barcelona
293:for his territories in
287:King Ferdinand of Spain
2511:Catholicism portal
1774:Ad maiorem Dei gloriam
1750:Protestant Reformation
1378:The Catholic Directory
1228:St Peter Claver Church
531:
482:
449:
368:New Kingdom of Granada
363:
236:New Kingdom of Granada
209:Pedro Claver y Corberó
208:
89:New Kingdom of Granada
2582:People from New Spain
2404:Jesuit China missions
1498:Defensoria del Pueblo
651:Ignatian Spirituality
525:
480:
440:
357:Palace of Inquisition
354:
2458:Madonna Della Strada
2369:General Congregation
2361:La Civiltà Cattolica
2314:John Courtney Murray
1284:"Saint Peter Claver"
824:. 9 September 2016.
818:"Saint Peter Claver"
332:of the college, St.
247:Congress of Colombia
2592:Burials in Colombia
2587:Spanish slave trade
2183:Alphonsus Rodriguez
2120:Lèon-Ignance Mangin
2071:Francis de Geronimo
2043:Melchior Grodziecki
1757:Counter-Reformation
885:on 26 February 2018
515:Alphonsus Rodriguez
446:Cartagena, Colombia
361:Cartagena, Colombia
334:Alphonsus Rodriguez
158:Cartagena, Colombia
2542:People from Urgell
2450:Church of the Gesù
2176:John Francis Regis
2169:Bernardino Realino
2064:Ignatius of Loyola
1314:"St. Peter Claver"
1134:"St. Peter Claver"
845:"St. Peter Claver"
483:
473:Illness, and death
450:
411:Alonso de Sandoval
385:By this time, the
364:
275:Province of Lleida
227:, and ministry to
2519:
2518:
2475:Claudio Acquaviva
2155:Joseph Pignatelli
2092:Stanislaus Kostka
2029:John Soan de Goto
1945:Juan del Castillo
1875:Robert Bellarmine
1868:Edmund Arrowsmith
969:978-950-507-593-5
720:www.newadvent.org
694:978-958-714-172-6
596:White Supremacist
273:, located in the
229:African Americans
194:
193:
188:African-Americans
135:15 January 1888,
99:Venerated in
65:Kingdom of Aragon
2634:
2509:
2508:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2477:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2355:
2337:
2330:
2328:Alonso Rodriguez
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2279:Francisco Suárez
2274:
2267:
2247:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2204:André de Soveral
2199:
2197:Robert Southwell
2192:
2190:José María Rubio
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2162:Stephen Pongracz
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2106:Gabriel Lalemant
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2015:Aloysius Gonzaga
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1917:Alexander Briant
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1889:Jacques Berthieu
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1861:Modeste Andlauer
1856:
1854:José de Anchieta
1838:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1804:
1801:Exposcit debitum
1795:
1786:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1752:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1551:America Magazine
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1110:. Archived from
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1020:. 11 July 2011.
1018:Alive Publishing
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
980:
974:
973:
959:El santo del día
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
923:
917:
916:
909:The Metropolitan
901:
895:
894:
892:
890:
881:. Archived from
871:
865:
864:
862:
860:
851:. Archived from
841:
830:
829:
822:Franciscan Media
814:
803:
802:
800:
798:
778:
772:
771:
769:
767:
747:
736:
735:
733:
731:
712:
699:
698:
673:
667:
666:
664:
662:
643:
539:
314:Society of Jesus
308:In the New World
152:
81:
78:8 September 1654
47:
21:
20:
2642:
2641:
2637:
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2099:Jean de Lalande
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2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2050:Alberto Hurtado
2048:
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2027:
2020:
2013:
2008:Charles Garnier
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
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1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1910:Jean de Brébeuf
1908:
1901:
1894:
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1859:
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1825:List of Jesuits
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1810:Ratio Studiorum
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1525:HuffPost Canada
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1469:on 19 June 2013
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1114:on 19 July 2013
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855:on 21 July 2011
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653:. LoyolaPress.
645:
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569:Nairobi, Kenya.
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326:Palma, Mallorca
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103:Catholic Church
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2018:
2011:
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1973:Antoine Daniel
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1938:Peter Canisius
1934:
1931:Edmund Campion
1927:
1924:John de Britto
1920:
1913:
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1903:Francis Borgia
1899:
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1625:External links
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396:Pope Paul III
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41:
37:
27:
22:
19:
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2265:Diego Laynez
2141:John Ogilvie
2078:Isaac Jogues
1987:Philip Evans
1959:Peter Claver
1958:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1612:
1605:
1583:(3): 23–38.
1580:
1576:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1550:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1500:(in Spanish)
1497:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1467:the original
1462:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1402:
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1377:
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1347:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1317:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1287:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1257:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1227:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1167:
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1137:
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1112:the original
1107:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1077:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1047:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1017:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
987:
978:
958:
951:
939:. Retrieved
930:
921:
913:the original
908:
899:
887:. Retrieved
883:the original
878:
869:
857:. Retrieved
853:the original
848:
821:
795:. Retrieved
786:
776:
764:. Retrieved
755:
728:. Retrieved
719:
684:
678:
671:
659:. Retrieved
650:
600:
592:
583:Human Rights
576:
542:
532:
527:
526:
500:
496:
488:
484:
463:
459:civil rights
455:
451:
426:
421:document in
408:
404:Pope Pius IX
392:
384:
365:
311:
299:
260:
244:
233:
221:patron saint
197:Peter Claver
196:
195:
124:Pope Pius IX
80:(1654-09-08)
58:26 June 1580
31:Peter Claver
18:
2537:1654 deaths
2532:1580 births
2293:Karl Rahner
2134:Henry Morse
2113:David Lewis
2085:James Kisai
2036:René Goupil
1994:Peter Faber
1530:10 February
1504:10 February
1443:10 February
1383:10 February
1358:10 February
1328:10 February
1298:10 February
1268:10 February
1238:10 February
797:10 February
766:10 February
589:Controversy
505:in 1888 by
387:slave trade
265:village of
251:September 9
240:confessions
223:of slaves,
190:, seafarers
169:9 September
2526:Categories
2353:Bollandist
2057:Rémy Isoré
998:2 December
628:References
419:profession
400:Urban VIII
338:laybrother
257:Early life
2127:Paul Miki
1980:Paul Denn
1662:Biography
1589:2161-8542
1473:22 August
1459:"History"
1413:22 August
1208:22 August
1178:22 August
1148:22 August
1088:22 August
1058:22 August
1028:22 August
941:22 August
889:22 August
859:22 August
730:22 August
661:22 August
503:canonized
372:Cartagena
346:New Spain
322:novitiate
318:Tarragona
295:New Spain
283:Barcelona
249:declared
175:Patronage
131:Canonized
114:Beatified
85:Cartagena
2497:Category
2256:Theology
1686:Colombia
1597:44194944
1437:Archived
1407:Archived
1352:Archived
1322:Archived
1292:Archived
1262:Archived
1232:Archived
1202:Archived
1172:Archived
1142:Archived
1082:Archived
1052:Archived
1022:Archived
992:Archived
935:Archived
826:Archived
791:Archived
760:Archived
724:Archived
655:Archived
606:See also
565:in 1894.
536:Leo XIII
342:prophecy
225:Colombia
184:Colombia
2442:Related
2345:General
2245:Francis
1742:History
1735:Jesuits
1648:Portals
1118:19 July
573:School.
501:He was
467:Apostle
415:Seville
263:Spanish
205:Spanish
2489:
1845:Saints
1698:Saints
1595:
1587:
1344:"Home"
966:
691:
679:Claver
521:Legacy
511:porter
380:Bogotá
330:porter
291:Lisbon
271:Urgell
213:Jesuit
180:Slaves
150:shrine
148:Major
2236:Popes
1783:Magis
1674:Spain
1593:JSTOR
1556:5 May
1494:(PDF)
534:Pope
492:relic
423:Latin
376:Tunja
279:Spain
267:Verdú
217:Verdú
165:Feast
61:Verdú
26:Saint
1585:ISSN
1558:2021
1532:2020
1506:2020
1475:2018
1445:2020
1415:2018
1385:2020
1360:2020
1330:2020
1300:2020
1270:2020
1240:2020
1210:2018
1180:2018
1150:2018
1120:2013
1090:2018
1060:2018
1030:2018
1000:2019
964:ISBN
943:2018
891:2018
861:2018
799:2020
787:Crux
768:2020
732:2018
689:ISBN
663:2018
577:The
557:The
547:The
425:as:
398:and
378:and
336:, a
245:The
137:Rome
120:Rome
75:Died
55:Born
1581:116
444:in
316:in
231:.
139:by
122:by
2528::
1591:.
1579:.
1575:.
1549:.
1523:.
1496:.
1461:.
1431:.
1405:.
1401:.
1376:.
1350:.
1346:.
1320:.
1316:.
1290:.
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1260:.
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1200:.
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1170:.
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1140:.
1136:.
1106:.
1080:.
1076:.
1050:.
1046:.
1016:.
990:.
986:.
933:.
929:.
907:.
877:.
847:.
834:^
820:.
807:^
789:.
785:.
758:.
754:.
740:^
722:.
718:.
703:^
683:.
649:.
636:^
513:,
494:.
359:,
297:.
277:,
269:,
207::
201:SJ
199:,
182:,
105:,
91:,
87:,
67:,
63:,
36:SJ
1727:e
1720:t
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