Employment - Knowledge

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such conflicts such that employers and employees who enter into an employment relationship are assumed to find this arrangement in their own self-interest. In human resource management theorizing, employers and employees are assumed to have shared interests (or a unity of interests, hence the label “unitarism”). Any conflicts that exist are seen as a manifestation of poor human resource management policies or interpersonal clashes such as personality conflicts, both of which can and should be managed away. From the perspective of pluralist industrial relations, the employment relationship is characterized by a plurality of stakeholders with legitimate interests (hence the label “pluralism), and some conflicts of interests are seen as inherent in the employment relationship (e.g., wages v. profits). Lastly, the critical paradigm emphasizes antagonistic conflicts of interests between various groups (e.g., the competing capitalist and

2353:"For purposes of this chapter, the term "employee" includes an officer, employee, or elected official of the United States, a State, or any political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia, or any agency or instrumentality of any one or more of the foregoing. The term "employee" also includes an officer of a corporation." This definition does not exclude all those who are commonly known as 'employees'. "Similarly, Latham's instruction which indicated that under 26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) the category of 'employee' does not include privately employed wage earners is a preposterous reading of the statute. It is obvious that within the context of both statutes the word 'includes' is a term of enlargement not of limitation, and the reference to certain entities or categories is not intended to exclude all others." 1744: 2522:, increasing labor productivity appears to have a negative impact on job creation: in the 1960s, a 1% increase in output per worker was associated with a reduction in employment growth of 0.07%, by the first decade of this century the same productivity increase implies reduced employment growth by 0.54%. Both increased employment opportunities and increased labor productivity (as long as it also translates into higher wages) are needed to tackle poverty. Increases in employment without increases in productivity leads to a rise in the number of "working poor", which is why some experts are now promoting the creation of "quality" and not "quantity" in labor market policies. This approach does highlight how higher productivity has helped reduce poverty in 2346: 2417: 1678:

and the employer will generally be liable for their actions and be obliged to give them benefits. Similarly, the employer is the owner of any invention created by an employee "hired to invent", even in the absence of an assignment of inventions. In contrast, a company commissioning a work by an independent contractor will not own the copyright unless the company secures either a written contract stating that it is a "work made for hire" or a written assignment of the copyright. In order to stay protected and avoid lawsuits, an employer has to be aware of that distinction.

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offers services to the public at large, not just to one business, and is responsible for disbursing payments from the client, paying unreimbursed expenses, and providing his or her own tools to complete the job. Third, the relationship of the parties is often evidenced by a written agreement that specifies that the worker is an independent contractor and is not entitled to employee benefits; the services provided by the worker are not key to the business; and the relationship is not permanent.

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society. In addition, the absence of social supports stems from failings at the political and policy levels. The United States has traditionally lacked the political desire to put in place effective policies and programs that would support the economically vulnerable. Structural failing at the economic and political levels have therefore produced a lack of opportunities and supports, resulting in high rates of American poverty.

866: 2245:), which can be Normal employment (unlimited), but the work time is unregulated and decided per immediate need basis. The employee is expected to be answering the phone and come to work when needed, e.g. when someone is ill and absent from work. They will receive salary only for actual work time and can in reality be fired for no reason by not being called anymore. This type of contract is common in the public sector. 1893: 1822:

sick leave, vacation (paid and non-paid), social security, profit sharing, funding of education, and other specialized benefits. In some cases, such as with workers employed in remote or isolated regions, the benefits may include meals. Employee benefits can improve the relationship between employee and employer and lowers staff turnover.

2774:, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. 2759:. By meeting the needs of the employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social equity that benefits the worker so that he/she can fund and enjoy healthy living; proves to be a continuous revolving issue in westernized societies. 2200:), where the employer hires a person for a test period of 6 months maximum. The employment can be ended at any time without giving any reason. This type of employment can be offered only once per employer and in employee combination. Usually, a time limited or normal employment is offered after a test employment. 2703:

for aligning the interests of employees and employers and thereby creating profitable companies in the second view, as insufficient for looking out for workers’ interests in the third view, and as manipulative managerial tools for shaping the ideology and structure of the workplace in the fourth view.

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Self-employed people generally find their own work rather than being provided with work by an employer and instead earn income from a profession, a trade, or a business that they operate. In some countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, the authorities are placing more emphasis on

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Researchers have also explored the relationship between employment and illicit activities. Using evidence from Africa, a research team found that a program for Liberian ex-fighters reduced work hours on illicit activities. The employment program also reduced interest in mercenary work in nearby wars.

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Researchers found evidence to suggest growth in manufacturing and services have good impact on employment. They found GDP growth on employment in agriculture to be limited, but that value-added growth had a relatively larger impact. The impact on job creation by industries/economic activities as well

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These models are important because they help reveal why individuals hold differing perspectives on human resource management policies, labor unions, and employment regulation. For example, human resource management policies are seen as dictated by the market in the first view, as essential mechanisms

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Those older than the statutory defined retirement age may continue to work, either out of enjoyment or necessity. However, depending on the nature of the job, older workers may need to transition into less-physical forms of work to avoid injury. Working past retirement age also has positive effects,

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The tendency of our free market economy has been to produce a growing number of jobs that will no longer support a family. In addition, the basic nature of capitalism ensures that unemployment exists at modest levels. Both of these directly result in a shortage of economic opportunities in American

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What also results from Lee's (1996) findings is that in industrialized countries an average of almost 70 per cent of workers are employed in the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result, workers are forced to become more skilled and develop sought after trades,

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despite some pointing to the positive impact, others point to limitations. They recommended that complementary policies are necessary to ensure economic growth's positive impact on LDC employment. With trade, industry and investment, they only found limited evidence of positive impact on employment

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Scholars conceptualize the employment relationship in various ways. A key assumption is the extent to which the employment relationship necessarily includes conflicts of interests between employers and employees, and the form of such conflicts. In economic theorizing, the labor market mediates all

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Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage constraints

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Provided key circumstances, including ones such as that the worker is paid regularly, follows set hours of work, is supplied with tools from the employer, is closely monitored by the employer, acting on behalf of the employer, only works for one employer at a time, they are considered an employee,

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are various non-wage compensation provided to employees in addition to their wages or salaries. The benefits can include: housing (employer-provided or employer-paid), group insurance (health, dental, life etc.), disability income protection, retirement benefits, daycare, tuition reimbursement,

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To categorize a worker as an independent contractor rather than an employee, an independent contractor must agree with the client on what the finished work product will be and then the contractor controls the means and manner of achieving the desired outcome. Secondly, an independent contractor

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posits that contemporary employment practices and employer commonalities in the United States, including toxic working environments, job insecurity, long hours and increased performance pressure from management, are responsible for 120,000 excess deaths annually, making the workplace the fifth

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As a general principle of employment law, in the United States, there is a difference between an agent and an independent contractor. The default status of a worker is an employee unless specific guidelines are met, which can be determined by the ABC test. Thus, clarifying whether someone who

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even when referring to the provision of a service) but whether the activity is profitable and therefore potentially taxable. In other words, the trading is likely to be ignored if there is no profit, so occasional and hobby- or enthusiast-based economic activity is generally ignored by tax

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over wages, benefits, and working conditions for their membership, and on representing their members in disputes with management over violations of contract provisions. Larger unions also typically engage in lobbying activities and electioneering at the state and federal level.

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at work, due to less work experience, a lower use of seat belts, and higher rates of distracted driving. To mitigate this risk, those under the age of 17 are restricted from certain types of driving, including transporting people and goods under certain circumstances.

2891:, do not receive pay for their services and are not considered employed. Some historians suggest that slavery is older than employment, but both arrangements have existed for all recorded history. Indentured servitude and slavery are not considered compatible with 1726:

in the establishment (usually hung on a window or door or placed on a store counter). Evaluating different employees can be quite laborious but setting up different techniques to analyze their skills to measure their talents within the field can be best through

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has affected these issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalization and summarizes the four major points of concern that affect employment relations:

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from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates. However, a study has shown that such consultants may not be reliable when they fail to use established principles in selecting employees. A more traditional approach is with a "Help Wanted"

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refers to the employer's effort to equip a newly hired employee with the necessary skills to perform at the job, and to help the employee grow within the organization. An appropriate level of training and development helps to improve employee's

2083:) is an association of national level with its international reputation of co-operation and welfare of the migrant workforce as well as its approximately 1200 members agencies in collaboration with and support from the Government of Bangladesh. 2446:

at a higher rate; this is generally due to their employment in high-risk industries. For example, in the United States, young people are injured at work at twice the rate of their older counterparts. These workers are also at higher risk for

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The US is falling drastically behind similar countries in mandating adequate wages, protections, and rights for millions of workers and their families. The wealthiest country in the world is near the bottom of every dimension of this

2230:), cancellation of employment, usually because of bad income for the company. There is a cancellation period of 1–6 months, and rules for how to select employees, basically those with shortest employment time shall be cancelled first. 2402:

which split from the AFL–CIO in 2005. Both advocate policies and legislation on behalf of workers in the United States and Canada, and take an active role in politics. The AFL–CIO is especially concerned with global trade issues.

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clarifying whether an individual is self-employed or engaged in disguised employment, in other words pretending to be in a contractual intra-business relationship to hide what is in fact an employer-employee relationship.

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is the state of working for oneself rather than an employer. Tax authorities will generally view a person as self-employed if the person chooses to be recognised as such or if the person is generating income for which a

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High-risk industries for young workers include agriculture, restaurants, waste management, and mining. In the United States, those under the age of 18 are restricted from certain jobs that are deemed dangerous under the

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Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labor market results in a “race to the bottom”. Increased international competition creates a pressure to reduce the wages and conditions of

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is an employee's perception and judgement of employer's treatment in the context of fairness or justice. The resulting actions to influence the employee-employer relationship is also a part of organizational justice.

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The most significant definitions are 'person conducting a business or undertaking' (PCBU). 'worker' and 'workplace'. 'PCBU' is a wider ranging term than 'employer', though this will be what most people understand by

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has no contract Labor, Minimum Wage and Provident Funds Acts. Contract labor in Pakistan must be paid minimum wage and certain facilities are to be provided to labor. However, the Acts are not yet fully implemented.

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of forgone wages due to not working. At times when jobs are hard to find, such as during recessions, unemployed individuals may decide to get post-secondary education, because there is less of an opportunity cost.

2207:). The employer hires a person for a specified time. Usually, they are extended for a new period. Total maximum two years per employer and employee combination, then it automatically counts as a normal employment. 4814:

Yurendra Basnett and Ritwika Sen, What do empirical studies say about economic growth and job creation in developing countries? Economic and private sector professional evidence and applied knowledge services

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Joseph Holden, Youth employment programmes – What can be learnt from international experience with youth employment programmes? Economic and private sector professional evidence and applied knowledge services

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Bürgerliches Recht 3: Fall · Systematik · Lösung · Schuldrecht · Besonderer Teil. Kauf und Tausch · Schenkung · Miete und Pacht · Leihe · Verwahrung · Darlehen · Bürgschaft · Dienst- und Werkvertrag

3789:"...vulgar are the means of livelihood of all hired workmen whom we pay for mere manual labour, not for artistic skill; for in their case the very wage they receive is a pledge of their slavery." – 2777:

Economic liberalization will result in unemployment and wage inequality in developing countries. This happens as job losses in uncompetitive industries outstrip job opportunities in new industries.

1795:, a compensation approach that has the added benefit, from the company's point of view, of helping to align the interests of the compensated individual with the performance of the company. 2040:

that the undemocratic nature of economic institutions under capitalism causes elections to become occasions when blocs of investors coalesce and compete to control the state plus cities.

3803:"As long as politics is the shadow cast on society by big business, the attenuation of the shadow will not change the substance", in "The Need for a New Party" (1931), Later Works 6, p163 3485:

Report to the Legislature of the State of New York by the Commission appointed under Chapter 518 of the laws of 1909 to inquire into the question of employers' liability and other matters

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most of the chronically poor are wage earners in formal employment, because their jobs are insecure and low paid and offer no chance to accumulate wealth to avoid risks. According to the

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in creating employment that reduces poverty. 24 instances of growth were examined, in which 18 reduced poverty. This study showed that other sectors were just as important in reducing

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somewhat, where economic growth impact has been shown to be positive on employment. The researchers didn't find sufficient evidence to conclude any impact of growth on employment in

2530:, for example, employment growth has slowed while productivity growth has continued. Furthermore, productivity increases do not always lead to increased wages, as can be seen in the 3857: 2793:, and globalization that is represented by a more skilled and increasing highly diverse labor force, that are growing in non standard forms of employment (Markey, R. et al. 2006). 2747:

The study concludes that while the use of capital inputs or cash payments for peaceful work created a reduction in illicit activities, the impact of training alone is rather low.

2698:: employment is an unequal power relation between competing groups that is embedded in and inseparable from systemic inequalities throughout the socio-politico-economic system. 2479:

because it gives a sense of purpose and allows people to maintain social networks and activity levels. Older workers are often found to be discriminated against by employers.

1962: 4285: 2691:: employment is a bargained exchange between stakeholders with some common and some competing economic interests and unequal bargaining power due to imperfect labor markets 4353: 5082: 2859:) to enable them to rent housing, buy food, repair or replace household goods, maintenance of children and observe social customs that require financial expenditure. 2735: 2711:

Literature on the employment impact of economic growth and on how growth is associated with employment at a macro, sector and industry level was aggregated in 2013.

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has options for a fixed term contract or a permanent contract. Both contracts are entitled to minimum wages, fixed working hours and social security contributions.

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as the extent of the body of evidence and the key studies. For extractives, they again found extensive evidence suggesting growth in the sector has limited impact

2546:, the US "offers some of the lowest wages in the industrialized world," which has "swelled the ranks of the working poor, most of whom are thirty-five or older." 1858:. The contract between the two parties specifies the responsibilities of each when ending the relationship and may include requirements such as notice periods, 6266: 2127:, which is a form of Dienstleistungsvertrag (service-oriented contract). An Arbeitsvertrag can also be temporary, whereas a temporary worker is working under 2784:

Globalization reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.

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vested in the original personal inventor. A wage laborer is a person whose primary means of income is from the selling of his or her labor in this way.

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in a Marxist framework) that are part of a deeper social conflict of unequal power relations. As a result, there are four common models of employment:

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performs work is an independent contractor or an employee from the beginning, and treating them accordingly, can save a company from trouble later on.

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For purposes of U.S. federal income tax withholding, 26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) provides a definition for the term "employee" specific to chapter 24 of the

1846:, which represent the workforce to collectively bargain with the management of organizations about working, and contractual conditions and services. 2181: 2679:

Mainstream economics: employment is seen as a mutually advantageous transaction in a free market between self-interested legal and economic equals

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in Sweden. Instead, there are agreements between employer organizations and trade unions about minimum salaries, and other employment conditions.

8997: 8460: 8316: 2932: 2875:, an employment situation in which the worker receives training or experience (and possibly college credit) as the chief form of compensation. 2871:

who perform tasks for charities, hospitals or not-for-profit organizations, are generally not considered employed. One exception to this is an

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Youth employment programs are most effective when they include both theoretical classroom training and hands-on training with work placements.

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Usually, either an employee or employer may end the relationship at any time, often subject to a certain notice period. This is referred to as

1810:, an employee who acts unfaithfully towards his employer must forfeit all of the compensation he received during the period of his disloyalty. 4901: 2987:

needs to be filed. In the real world, the critical issue for tax authorities is not whether a person is engaged in business activity (called

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Markey, Raymond; Hodgkinson, Ann; Kowalczyk, Jo (2002). "Gender, part-time employment and employee participation in Australian workplaces".

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have argued that the economy of the United States is failing to provide jobs that can adequately support families. According to sociologist

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Labor unions are legally recognized as representatives of workers in many industries in the United States. Their activity today centers on

1965:, it is currently the dominant form of work arrangement. Although most work occurs following this structure, the wage work arrangements of 2357: 2325: 9041: 8260: 8216: 1779:(with the latter often being combined with another form of payment). In sales jobs and real estate positions, the employee may be paid a 908: 840: 6104: 6082: 5250: 2743:

from industrial and investment policies and for others, while large bodies of evidence does exist, the exact impact remains contested.

2272:: last for a certain length of time, are set in advance, end when a specific task is completed, ends when a specific event takes place. 7008: 4555: 2719:

employment. In textiles, however, although evidence was low, studies suggest growth there positively contributed to job creation. In

1728: 1210: 1787:, executive jobs), employees may be eligible for a bonus if they meet certain targets. Some executives and employees may be paid in 1627:

or of a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCB) and is usually hired to perform specific duties which are packaged into a

6852: 6414: 5529: 5231: 4289: 3432: 3033: 7033: 5175: 4416: 1870:. In some professions, notably teaching, civil servants, university professors, and some orchestra jobs, some employees may have 1652: 1218: 2282:: has no defined length of time, can be terminated by either party, is to accomplish a specific task, specified number of hours. 9061: 6904: 6350: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5643: 4350: 2037: 1743: 1179: 5220: 5094: 4602:

Baert, Stijn (February 20, 2016). "Getting Grey Hairs in the Labour Market: An Alternative Experiment on Age Discrimination".

5204: 5185: 5161: 5142: 5038: 4969: 4943: 4648: 4233: 3929: 3840: 3729: 3532: 3456: 3356: 3326: 3282: 3522: 1731:. Employer and potential employee commonly take the additional step of getting to know each other through the process of a 1546:, or any other entity, pays the other, the employee, in return for carrying out assigned work. Employees work in return for 9326: 8297: 6909: 5797: 5279: 8990: 7199: 3502: 3018: 2092: 1205: 980: 4695: 3833:

Dying for a Paycheck: How Modern Management Harms Employee Health and Company Performance – and What We Can Do About It

2510:(ILO) estimates that as many as 40% of workers are poor, not earning enough to keep their families above the $ 2 a day 2376:

if they work for the employer on a regular basis, and said employer directs the time, place, and manner of employment.

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There is a type of employment contract which is common but not regulated in law, and that is Hour employment (Swedish:

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Budd, John W. and Bhave, Devasheesh (2008) "Values, Ideologies, and Frames of Reference in Industrial Relations," in

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with a maximization of labor productivity in order to achieve a profitable and productive employment relationship.

1351: 1223: 1074: 9573: 9076: 7141: 6221: 4092: 1503: 1426: 901: 8983: 7698: 7151: 6914: 6286: 6238: 5504: 5452: 4361: 3548: 2771: 2550: 2433: 1124: 1119: 3484: 2789:

or find other means of survival. Ultimately this is a result of changes and trends of employment, an evolving

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Golden Rule : The Investment Theory of Party Competition and the Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems

1862:, and security measures. A contract forbidding an employee from leaving their employment, under penalty of a 1411: 239: 7879: 501: 9346: 9191: 8410: 7818: 7791: 7083: 6256: 5307: 4830:"Can Employment Reduce Lawlessness and Rebellion? A Field Experiment with High-Risk Men in a Fragile State" 3080: 2100: 1997:

Wage labor, as institutionalized under today's market economic systems, has been criticized, especially by

1574:. In some types of employment, employees may receive benefits in addition to payment. Benefits may include 1386: 2466:

In the conversation of employment among younger aged workers, youth unemployment has also been monitored.

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In non-union work environments, in the United States, unjust termination complaints can be brought to the

1783:, a percentage of the value of the goods or services that they have sold. In some fields and professions ( 9291: 9136: 8935: 8475: 8245: 8226: 7803: 7648: 7614: 7599: 7578: 7573: 7068: 6281: 4906: 3385: 2345: 1539: 850: 70: 60: 3624: 3597: 2265:

In the United Kingdom, employment contracts are categorized by the government into the following types:

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subculture in the 1960s and 1970s (which endorsed the idea of "dropping out" of society) and the

2739: 2448: 2313: 1966: 1807: 1527: 1406: 935: 526: 334: 324: 284: 274: 181: 104: 4988: 3628: 2218:), which has no time limit (except for retirement etc.). It can still be ended for two reasons: 1986: 9391: 9246: 9181: 9056: 8885: 8880: 8795: 8765: 8074: 7919: 7779: 7722: 7678: 7641: 7391: 7331: 7306: 7276: 7261: 6947: 6899: 6869: 6706: 6674: 6664: 6481: 6466: 6446: 6328: 6099: 6094: 5369: 3196: 2997: 2365: 2360:, especially when there is dispute as to the worker's entitlement to have matching taxes paid, 2296: 1992: 1830: 1714: 1706: 1636: 1371: 1341: 1333: 1104: 696: 541: 279: 219: 176: 123: 1939:

are market-determined. In exchange for the wages paid, the work product generally becomes the

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The balance of economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate in the field of

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Science and Engineering Careers in the United States: An Analysis of Markets and Employment

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Invisible Hands, Invisible Objectives: Bringing Workplace Law and Public Policy Into Focus

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to find workers and for people to find employers are via jobs listings in newspapers (via

1662:, is the classification of workers. A lot of workers that fulfill gigs are often hired as 8: 9604: 9583: 9401: 9266: 9151: 9141: 9121: 9091: 9026: 8875: 8870: 8755: 8587: 8557: 8370: 8350: 8283: 8185: 7994: 7813: 7713: 7693: 7653: 7609: 7594: 7550: 7491: 7416: 7406: 7376: 7299: 6862: 6857: 6795: 6743: 6461: 6429: 6419: 6301: 6291: 5822: 5817: 5638: 5618: 5539: 5459: 5437: 5417: 5265: 5130: 4720: 4649:"Where hard work doesn't pay off: An index of US labor policies compared to peer nations" 3861: 3745: 3160: 2993: 2831: 2443: 2439: 2416: 2269: 2057: 1969:, professional employees, and professional contract workers are sometimes conflated with 1610: 1531: 1496: 1376: 1030: 807: 616: 438: 379: 304: 294: 264: 191: 99: 7854: 7286: 5235: 4067: 1631:. In a corporate context, an employee is a person who is hired to provide services to a 476: 9441: 9431: 9426: 9396: 9356: 9306: 9296: 9096: 9046: 8895: 8716: 8647: 8607: 8470: 8240: 8211: 8169: 7974: 7683: 7663: 7631: 7545: 7540: 7520: 7471: 7411: 7401: 7346: 7341: 7185: 6962: 6926: 6790: 6679: 6659: 6532: 6496: 6383: 6365: 6296: 5932: 5792: 5772: 5727: 5628: 5613: 5026: 4981: 4857: 4629: 4194: 3974: 3715: 3253: 3068: 2884: 2856: 2467: 2301: 2279: 1855: 1279: 1139: 835: 791: 596: 433: 428: 408: 359: 299: 289: 234: 229: 201: 196: 166: 34: 3598:"Met Opera sues former conductor for $ 5.8 million over sexual misconduct allegations" 3100: 2573:

provides a safety net for jobs and economic buffer when other sectors are struggling.

2394:

Most unions in America are aligned with one of two larger umbrella organizations: the

1874:, which means that they cannot be dismissed at will. Another type of termination is a 9436: 9371: 9331: 9261: 9206: 8865: 8736: 8731: 8688: 8632: 8602: 8567: 8510: 8375: 8104: 8079: 7989: 7869: 7757: 7560: 7496: 7461: 7451: 7321: 7073: 7053: 6785: 6750: 6582: 6476: 6456: 6375: 6228: 6163: 5837: 5787: 5762: 5722: 5717: 5648: 5494: 5200: 5181: 5157: 5138: 5060: 5053: 5034: 5012: 4992: 4965: 4939: 4861: 4849: 4725: 4691: 4424: 4229: 4198: 4186: 4043: 3990: 3925: 3836: 3725: 3528: 3362: 3352: 3322: 3278: 3249: 3165: 3095: 3048: 2848: 1818: 1799: 1470: 1421: 1356: 1299: 1109: 965: 726: 701: 611: 491: 448: 384: 349: 339: 171: 133: 89: 8029: 4633: 3950: 3257: 2940: 651: 9321: 9251: 9171: 9166: 8955: 8930: 8925: 8831: 8721: 8683: 8678: 8637: 8627: 8617: 8577: 8395: 8380: 8154: 8099: 8084: 8069: 8054: 7984: 7964: 7944: 7899: 7506: 7456: 7426: 7421: 7311: 7249: 7043: 6832: 6800: 6760: 6755: 6552: 6542: 6360: 6191: 6148: 6121: 6116: 5970: 5937: 5927: 5777: 5705: 5509: 5447: 5427: 5412: 5234:. Government Information Library. University of Colorado at Boulder. Archived from 5224: 5118: 4841: 4677: 4619: 4611: 4563: 4351:

Jobs, growth and poverty: what do we know, what don't we know, what should we know?

4221: 4178: 4023: 3982: 3917: 3858:"This professor says the workplace is the fifth leading cause of death in the U.S." 3711: 3318: 3245: 3186: 3120: 3043: 3038: 2835: 2539: 1924: 1756: 1575: 1559: 1455: 1445: 1000: 776: 721: 706: 691: 676: 606: 586: 566: 521: 394: 344: 314: 309: 8034: 3793: 3231:"Predicting job performance: A comparison of expert opinion and research findings" 2119:

Two of the prominent examples of work and employment contracts in Germany are the

656: 9507: 9406: 9281: 9156: 9126: 9111: 8950: 8940: 8910: 8816: 8450: 8360: 8265: 8159: 8124: 8089: 8024: 7949: 7934: 7828: 7784: 7621: 7555: 7530: 7525: 7501: 7244: 7229: 7103: 7038: 6847: 6817: 6805: 6669: 6567: 6434: 5767: 5534: 5337: 5312: 5302: 4958:

Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don't Talk about It)

4931: 4715: 4357: 3921: 3828: 3749: 3272: 3191: 3175: 3125: 3110: 3074: 3063: 2979: 2944: 2909: 2811: 2724: 2672: 2566: 2554: 2543: 2148: 2044: 1973:, so that "wage labor" is considered to apply only to unskilled, semi-skilled or 1867: 1475: 1289: 1247: 1169: 955: 870: 781: 746: 711: 646: 571: 556: 443: 418: 413: 389: 161: 156: 9201: 2534:, where the gap between productivity and wages has been rising since the 1980s. 2372:

ruled that independent contractors are regarded as employees for the purpose of

8668: 8612: 8592: 8430: 8385: 8340: 8335: 8179: 8164: 8129: 8114: 8094: 8064: 7884: 7535: 7256: 7224: 7088: 6837: 6738: 6691: 6393: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6052: 5980: 5737: 5695: 5379: 5347: 5171: 5004: 4936:

Social pacts, employment and growth: a reappraisal of Ezio Tarantelli's thought

4615: 3909: 3775: 3770: 3090: 3058: 1916: 1803: 1489: 1314: 1309: 1294: 1257: 1079: 925: 801: 786: 751: 736: 716: 686: 506: 423: 113: 109: 7914: 5122: 4845: 4182: 4028: 4011: 3908:

Gross, Willi; Söhnlein, Walter (1990), Gross, Willi; Söhnlein, Walter (eds.),

2883:

Those who work under obligation for the purpose of fulfilling a debt, such as

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Budd, John W. and Bhave, Devasheesh (2010) "The Employment Relationship," in

4683:

The Poverty Paradox: Understanding Economic Hardship Amid American Prosperity

4584: 4225: 4190: 3366: 3115: 2822:

One of the alternatives to work is engaging in post-secondary education at a

2806:

Various youth subcultures have been associated with not working, such as the

2762: 2720: 2569:

is most effective at translating productivity growth into employment growth.

2562: 2531: 2421: 2275: 2068: 1974: 1970: 1940: 1859: 1788: 1732: 1567: 1239: 1174: 1134: 1099: 1025: 766: 756: 731: 671: 666: 661: 641: 631: 601: 591: 496: 399: 4166: 3271:

Archer, Richard; Borthwick, Kerry; Travers, Michelle; Ruschena, Leo (2017).

2487: 2470:

rates tend to be higher than the adult rates in every country in the world.

1806:

under the laws of a number of states in the United States, and most notably

1747:

Wiki-training with employees of Regional Institute of Culture in Katowice 02

1658:

An issue that arises in most companies, especially the ones that are in the

50: 9522: 9512: 9492: 9411: 9256: 9231: 9036: 8846: 8800: 8780: 8711: 8572: 8520: 8355: 8174: 8119: 8014: 8004: 7999: 7924: 7769: 7294: 7234: 7098: 7078: 7058: 7048: 7023: 6777: 6612: 6592: 6577: 6547: 6537: 6316: 6171: 6153: 6089: 6067: 6025: 6015: 5912: 5902: 5874: 5605: 5595: 5422: 5362: 4213: 3380: 3135: 3105: 3028: 2892: 2868: 2558: 2511: 2330: 2235: 2006: 1932: 1767:

There are many ways that employees are paid, including by hourly wages, by

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Glynn, Timothy P.; Arnow-Richman, Rachel S.; Sullivan, Charles A. (2019).

9537: 9527: 9502: 9477: 9196: 9021: 8965: 8750: 8673: 8663: 8490: 8440: 8390: 8149: 8139: 7929: 7808: 7752: 7239: 6711: 6634: 6602: 6062: 6005: 5623: 5580: 5555: 5524: 5519: 5474: 5399: 5389: 5374: 5327: 3790: 3130: 3001: 2570: 2395: 2258: 2177: 2010: 1948: 1863: 1843: 1659: 1651:

This section is about the classification in general. For other uses, see

1535: 1520: 1193: 1020: 990: 970: 771: 761: 551: 186: 8975: 4816: 4624: 4568: 4542: 4521:"Work-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes: Preventing Injury to Young Drivers" 3585:. Vol. 158. Commerce Clearing House. 2009 – via Google Books. 2834:. One of the major costs of obtaining a post-secondary education is the 2222:, immediate end of employment only for strong reasons such as crime, or 1713:. Employers and job seekers also often find each other via professional 8785: 8698: 8485: 8306: 8059: 7859: 7636: 6921: 6728: 6641: 6619: 6587: 6486: 6471: 6451: 6216: 6181: 6143: 6057: 6020: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5907: 5864: 5849: 5827: 5752: 5590: 5570: 5489: 5357: 5352: 5322: 3553:. Vol. 2. Practising Law Institute. 2004 – via Google Books. 3201: 3150: 3023: 2984: 2872: 2827: 2496: 2292: 2288: 2025: 2002: 1952: 1887: 1628: 1599: 1587: 1523: 1465: 1159: 1154: 681: 481: 9341: 9116: 9081: 9007: 8960: 8890: 8860: 8790: 8535: 8480: 8455: 8420: 7909: 7839: 7208: 7108: 7028: 6842: 6527: 5881: 5782: 5742: 5712: 5633: 5469: 5432: 4885:

Employment with a Human Face: Balancing Efficiency, Equity, and Voice

3620: 3346: 2896: 2790: 2716: 2523: 2424:, i.e. the ratio of employed persons (15–24Y) in an economy to total 2253: 1998: 1920: 1768: 1710: 1614: 1551: 1274: 1015: 1010: 531: 462: 42: 4167:"Arbeitnehmerüberlassung aus Deutschland im Bereich des Baugewerbes" 4142:"Zeitarbeit = Leiharbeit: häufige Fragen – Bundesagentur für Arbeit" 9461: 9451: 9386: 9361: 9301: 7688: 6942: 6000: 5990: 5922: 5917: 5886: 5732: 5687: 5565: 5560: 5464: 5342: 5009:

Property and Contract in Economics: The Case for Economic Democracy

4556:"Why is youth unemployment so high and different across countries?" 2164: 1928: 1901: 1776: 1702: 1563: 1129: 2032:", politics will be "the shadow cast on society by big business". 945: 9487: 9286: 8841: 8703: 6572: 6522: 6261: 6211: 5995: 5700: 5384: 3155: 2888: 2852: 2823: 2527: 2503: 2096: 2014: 1943:

of the employer, except for special cases such as the vesting of

1905: 1632: 1579: 1304: 4746:

Theoretical Perspectives on Work and the Employment Relationship

2887:, or as property of the person or entity they work for, such as 9517: 8495: 6696: 6044: 5683: 2847:

In some countries, individuals who are not working can receive

2807: 2519: 2192:

According to Swedish law, there are three types of employment.

2104: 2018: 1909: 1892: 1875: 1871: 1772: 1555: 1252: 865: 5253:. Statistics and databases. International Labour Organization. 4012:"Kollegen anstellen: Was beim Arbeitsvertrag zu beachten ist!" 3270: 2992:

authorities. Self-employed people are usually classified as a

8275: 6557: 5257: 4652: 4286:"Brown v. J. Kaz, Inc., No. 08-2713 (3d Cir. Sept. 11, 2009)" 4220:(in German), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 361–368, 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 2535: 2515: 2492: 2153: 2080: 2079:

Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (

1897: 1262: 7177: 3687: 3675: 3277:(4th ed.). Cengage Learning Australia. pp. 30–31. 6597: 6040: 4212:

Stieglmeier, Jacqueline (2005), Hök, Götz-Sebastian (ed.),

2731: 1959: 1936: 1723: 1562:

between the parties. Employees in some sectors may receive

1547: 5156:(5th ed.). Milton, Qld: John Wiley. pp. 412–14. 4118:"Zeitarbeit: Infos und Stellen | Bundesagentur für Arbeit" 3656: 3569:. Vol. 52. West Group. 2009 – via Google Books. 3520: 2028:

posited that until "industrial feudalism" is replaced by "

9497: 5575: 5108: 4983:

The World of Work: Industrial Society and Human Relations

3916:(in German), Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, pp. 127–135, 2750: 2349:

Government employment as % of total employment in EU

4218:

Handbuch des internationalen und ausländischen Baurechts

2665: 2639:

Growth episodes associated with no fall in poverty rates

2368:

benefits. However, in September 2009, the court case of

1550:, which can be paid on the basis of an hourly rate, by 6267:

List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

4810: 4808: 4806: 4798:

Sage Handbook of Handbook of Human Resource Management

4349:

Claire Melamed, Renate Hartwig and Ursula Grant 2011.

4164: 1639:

and who does not provide these services as part of an

1623:

contributes labour and expertise to an endeavor of an

5199:(3rd ed.). Milton, Qld: Wiley. pp. 355–57. 5083:"Globalization and Employment: Is Anxiety Justified?" 2730:

They found that most available literature focuses on

2614:

Growth episodes associated with falling poverty rates

4828:

Blattman, Christopher; Annan, Jeannie (2016-02-01).

3524:

Employment Law: Private Ordering and Its Limitations

3479: 4803: 3738: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3487:(Report). J. B. Lyon Company. pp. 11, 50, 144. 2878: 2526:, but the negative impact is beginning to show. In 5052: 4980: 3890:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2008-03-19 2009:. Socialists draw parallels between the trade of 9596: 4987:. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall. p. 4930: 4759:Beyond Contract: Work, Power and Trust Relations 3699: 3310: 2021:is also known to have suggested such parallels. 8461:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 4165:Auer, M.; Egglmeier-Schmolke, B. (2009-10-01). 3500: 3433:"Overview of Independent Contractor Guidelines" 3410:Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. Superior Court 2067:Australian employment has been governed by the 1681: 5197:Organisational Behaviour: A Global Perspective 4902:"Why Workplace Democracy Can Be Good Business" 4374:"Contract types and employer responsibilities" 3228: 2334:All employees, private industries, by branches 2318:List of largest employers in the United States 1958:In modern mixed economies such as that of the 1923:and an employer, where the worker sells their 8991: 8291: 7193: 5273: 5025: 4827: 4474:. CDC NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic 3907: 3595: 2929:The examples and perspective in this article 2048:leading cause of death in the United States. 1690: 1497: 902: 4783:Befort, Stephen F. and Budd, John W. (2009) 4748:, Industrial Relations Research Association. 4585:"When It Comes to Work, How Old Is Too Old?" 3884:"House of Reps seals 'death' of WorkChoices" 3348:The entrepreneur's guide to law and strategy 3229:Dakin, Stephen; Armstrong, J. Scott (1989). 2326:Independent contracting in the United States 2261:worker confined to a small workstation/booth 1534:, one party, the employer, which might be a 4211: 2817: 2727:, they found impact growth to be positive. 1738: 8998: 8984: 8298: 8284: 7200: 7186: 5280: 5266: 5251:"Overview and topics of labour statistics" 5129: 3669: 3414:, vol. 4, April 30, 2018, p. 903 2099:, formal complaints can be brought to the 1593: 1504: 1490: 909: 895: 27:Relationship between employee and employer 9005: 7009:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 4646: 4623: 4582: 4567: 4255:"AÜG – nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis" 4027: 3457:"Employer Liability for Employee Conduct" 2967:Learn how and when to remove this message 1825: 1646: 6853:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 5530:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 5170: 5059:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 5047: 5033:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 5003: 4952: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 3855: 3815: 3710: 3693: 3681: 3650: 3501:Deakin, Simon; Wilkinson, Frank (2005). 3340: 3338: 3034:Career-oriented social networking market 2867:Workers who are not paid wages, such as 2553:argue that there are differences across 2486: 2415: 2344: 2329: 2252: 1931:. These transactions usually occur in a 1891: 1742: 7034:Credentialism and educational inflation 5177:The Making of the English Working Class 4924: 4899: 4714: 4553: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 3827: 3717:Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor 3213: 2502:Employment is no guarantee of escaping 1837: 1653:Independent contractor (disambiguation) 14: 9597: 6905:List of countries by unemployment rate 4895: 4893: 4724:. Crown Publishing Group. p. 62. 3344: 2751:Globalization and employment relations 2706: 2411: 2051: 2038:investment theory of party competition 1927:under a formal or informal employment 1586:. Employment is typically governed by 8979: 8279: 7181: 5261: 5151: 4978: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4817:https://partnerplatform.org/?7ljwndv4 4772:Sage Handbook of Industrial Relations 4601: 4543:https://partnerplatform.org/?fza26891 4494: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4462: 4460: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 3811: 3809: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3589: 3573: 3557: 3527:. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. 3514: 3496: 3494: 3335: 2908:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 2666:Models of the employment relationship 2438:Young workers are at higher risk for 2406: 1842:Employees can organize into trade or 5798:Practice-based professional learning 5194: 4676: 4500:"Work-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes" 4406:, 754 F.2d 747, 750 (7th Cir. 1985). 4312: 4009: 3619: 3541: 3306: 3304: 3238:International Journal of Forecasting 3224: 3222: 2915: 2842: 2770:International competition, from the 2473: 2356:Employees are often contrasted with 1849: 1813: 6351:Workers' right to access the toilet 5080: 4890: 4583:Chosewood, L. Casey (May 3, 2011). 3019:Alternative employment arrangements 2107:, grievances can be filed with the 1947:patents in the United States where 1635:on a regular basis in exchange for 1590:, organisation or legal contracts. 1180:Workers' right to access the toilet 24: 4868: 4647:Henderson, Kaitlyn (May 3, 2023). 4589:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health 4485: 4457: 4309:Lag om anställningsskydd (1982:80) 4271: 3806: 3637: 3608: 3550:Annual Institute on Employment Law 3491: 2902: 2203:Time limited employment (Swedish: 2182:Department of Labor and Employment 25: 9616: 5214: 5135:The Tradition of Workers' Control 4900:Rayasam, Renuka (24 April 2008). 4834:American Political Science Review 4554:Pastore, Francesco (2018-01-23). 4421:United States Department of Labor 3856:McGregor, Jena (March 22, 2018). 3301: 3219: 2508:International Labour Organization 2381:United States Department of Labor 2322:Labor unions in the United States 2248: 2180:, employment is regulated by the 9553: 9552: 7723:neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis 7122: 7121: 6415:Corporate collapses and scandals 4468:"Young Worker Safety and Health" 2920: 2879:Indentured servitude and slavery 2307: 2135:. Another employment setting is 2109:Commission des normes du travail 1075:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 944: 876: 864: 49: 4938:. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 4821: 4790: 4777: 4764: 4751: 4738: 4708: 4670: 4640: 4595: 4576: 4547: 4534: 4513: 4439: 4409: 4397: 4388: 4366: 4303: 4247: 4205: 4158: 4134: 4110: 4085: 4060: 4036: 4003: 3967: 3943: 3901: 3876: 3849: 3821: 3797: 3783: 3763: 2862: 2796: 2579:Growth, employment and poverty 2482: 1980: 1900:for a water treatment plant in 1762: 151:Concepts, theory and techniques 8305: 6915:Employment-to-population ratio 6287:Occupational health psychology 5287: 4604:Journal of Economic Psychology 4362:Overseas Development Institute 4214:"Internationales Arbeitsrecht" 3835:. HarperBusiness. p. 38. 3596:Ellie Kaufman (May 19, 2018). 3473: 3449: 3425: 3400: 3373: 3264: 2801: 2772:newly industrialized countries 2689:Pluralist industrial relations 2551:Overseas Development Institute 2434:Young worker safety and health 2171: 1530:services. Usually based on a 1519:is a relationship between two 1125:Occupational safety and health 1120:Occupational safety and health 13: 1: 8827:Critique of political economy 7659:Critique of political economy 7207: 7003:Works Progress Administration 6895:Unemployment Convention, 1919 6307:Personal protective equipment 5855:Occupational Outlook Handbook 2420:Youth employment rate in the 2074: 1881: 1248:Chronological list of strikes 8411:History of capitalist theory 7084:Psychopathy in the workplace 6257:Human factors and ergonomics 5029:; Goroff, Daniel L. (2009). 4907:U.S. News & World Report 4787:, Stanford University Press. 4093:"Arbeitsvertrag (Befristet)" 3922:10.1007/978-3-322-99402-8_13 3504:The Law of the Labour Market 3345:Bagley, Constance E (2017). 3250:10.1016/0169-2070(89)90086-1 3081:Equal opportunity employment 2210:Normal employment (Swedish: 2062: 1682:Employer–worker relationship 7: 7069:Narcissism in the workplace 6282:Occupational exposure limit 5093:(5): 485–98. Archived from 5087:International Labour Review 4887:, Cornell University Press. 3386:Legal Information Institute 3011: 2943:, discuss the issue on the 2159: 2043:American business theorist 1540:not-for-profit organization 10: 9621: 9077:Counterproductive behavior 7797:Real business-cycle theory 6998:Civil Works Administration 6880:Technological unemployment 6356:Workplace health promotion 5808:Professional certification 5505:Personality–job fit theory 5152:Stone, Raymond J. (2005). 5081:Lee, Eddy (January 1996). 4962:Princeton University Press 4616:10.1016/j.joep.2016.10.002 4528:NIOSH Publication 2013-152 4507:NIOSH Publication 2013-153 4259:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 4068:"Links zu Musterverträgen" 4048:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 3955:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 3510:. Oxford University Press. 2907: 2431: 2311: 2196:Test employment (Swedish: 2146: 2114: 2055: 1990: 1984: 1885: 1709:) and online, also called 1697:Application for employment 1694: 1691:Labor acquisition / hiring 1650: 1604: 1597: 9551: 9470: 9014: 8854: 8808: 8744: 8655: 8504: 8446:Multinational corporation 8323: 8313: 8237: 8195: 7837: 7571: 7320: 7285: 7215: 7117: 7016: 6978:Guaranteed minimum income 6935: 6776: 6650: 6563:Organizational commitment 6515: 6407: 6374: 6237: 6162: 6039: 5961: 5895: 5682: 5604: 5548: 5398: 5295: 5154:Human Resource Management 5137:. London: Freedom Press. 5123:10.1108/01425450210420884 4846:10.1017/S0003055415000520 4744:Kaufman, Bruce E. (2004) 4183:10.1007/s00738-009-0718-x 4044:"§ 611a BGB – Einzelnorm" 4029:10.1007/s00092-017-1358-0 3776:Dictionary.com Unabridged 3566:New York Jurisprudence 2d 3537:– via Google Books. 3311:Robert A. Ristau (2010). 3141:List of largest employers 2683:Human resource management 2578: 2398:created in 1955, and the 2205:Tidsbegränsad anställning 2187: 2086: 2024:The American philosopher 1941:undifferentiated property 1607:List of largest employers 1211:International comparisons 1145:Right to rest and leisure 1085:Employment discrimination 9579:Aspects of organizations 9227:Hostile work environment 8771:Labor market flexibility 7147:Aspects of organizations 6828:Involuntary unemployment 6389:Equal pay for equal work 6312:Repetitive strain injury 5813:Professional development 5803:Professional association 5485:Letter of recommendation 4530:. NIOSH. September 2013. 4509:. NIOSH. September 2013. 4226:10.1007/3-540-27450-2_24 3951:"§ 631 BGB – Einzelnorm" 3722:Harvard University Press 3086:Equal pay for equal work 2818:Post-secondary education 2458:Fair Labor Standards Act 2400:Change to Win Federation 2234:There are no laws about 2142: 1752:Training and development 1739:Training and development 1598:Not to be confused with 996:Social movement unionism 139:JEL classification codes 9564:Aspects of corporations 9352:Quality of working life 9042:Artificial intelligence 8916:Individualist anarchism 7437:Industrial organization 7267:Computational economics 7132:Aspects of corporations 7094:Slow movement (culture) 6973:Employer of last resort 6875:Structural unemployment 6813:Frictional unemployment 6252:Epilepsy and employment 6139:Performance-related pay 6073:National average salary 5986:996 working hour system 4688:Oxford University Press 4404:United States v. Latham 3979:Recht – Schnell Erfasst 3630:Wage Labour and Capital 3274:WHS: A Management Guide 2736:middle-income countries 2449:motor vehicle accidents 2358:independent contractors 2314:United States labor law 2137:Arbeitnehmerüberlassung 1919:relationship between a 1866:, is referred to as an 1715:recruitment consultants 1664:independent contractors 1594:Employees and employers 1206:Trade union federations 1201:Trade unions by country 325:Industrial organization 182:Computational economics 9574:Aspects of occupations 8881:Collectivist anarchism 8796:Social venture capital 8766:Freedom of association 7642:Modern monetary theory 7307:Experimental economics 7277:Pluralism in economics 7262:Mathematical economics 7142:Aspects of occupations 6948:Unemployment insurance 6900:Unemployment extension 6675:Constructive dismissal 6482:Sleeping while on duty 6447:Exploitation of labour 6329:Sick building syndrome 5500:Person–environment fit 5370:Independent contractor 5232:"Labor and Employment" 5195:Wood, Jack M. (2004). 4979:Dubin, Robert (1958). 4010:Höhl, Rebekka (2017). 3197:Universal basic income 3000:, or as a member of a 2998:independent contractor 2499: 2429: 2366:unemployment insurance 2350: 2335: 2262: 2212:Tillsvidareanställning 2036:has postulated in his 1993:Exploitation of labour 1912: 1831:Organizational justice 1826:Organizational justice 1748: 1707:classified advertising 1647:Independent contractor 1526:the provision of paid 1105:Freedom of association 177:Experimental economics 9312:Performance appraisal 9062:Computer surveillance 8946:Post-scarcity economy 8921:Libertarian socialism 8906:Free-market socialism 8837:Market fundamentalism 8822:Capitalist propaganda 8416:Industrial Revolution 8331:Anarchy of production 7152:Aspects of workplaces 6890:Unemployment benefits 6885:Types of unemployment 6870:Reserve army of labor 6823:Graduate unemployment 6717:Letter of resignation 6346:Workers' compensation 6339:Occupational fatality 5843:Vocational university 5443:Employment counsellor 5227:on 29 September 2012) 5180:. New York: Vintage. 4883:Budd, John W. (2004) 4591:. Medscape and NIOSH. 4356:May 20, 2011, at the 4171:Baurechtliche Blätter 4146:www.arbeitsagentur.de 4122:www.arbeitsagentur.de 4097:IHK Frankfurt am Main 4072:IHK Frankfurt am Main 3987:10.1007/3-540-32544-1 3207:Work (human activity) 3181:Reserve army of labor 3171:Protestant work ethic 3146:Lump of labor fallacy 3054:Employer registration 2538:and social scientist 2490: 2419: 2388:collective bargaining 2370:Brown v. J. Kaz, Inc. 2348: 2340:Internal Revenue Code 2333: 2256: 2103:. In the province of 1945:intellectual property 1895: 1746: 1695:Further information: 1605:Further information: 1090:Employment protection 1070:Collective bargaining 976:Exploitation of labor 9457:Workplace harassment 9447:Work–family conflict 9162:Employee recognition 8401:Financial Revolution 8366:Economic development 7516:Social choice theory 7272:Behavioral economics 6958:Job creation program 6734:Mandatory retirement 6687:Employee offboarding 6507:Workplace incivility 6502:Workplace harassment 6277:Occupational disease 6272:Occupational burnout 6187:Disability insurance 6031:Workweek and weekend 6011:Retroactive overtime 5833:Vocational education 5748:Continuing education 5586:Permanent employment 5131:Ostergaard, Geoffrey 4925:General bibliography 4761:, Farber and Farber. 4427:on 27 September 2012 3481:J. Mayhew Wainwright 3351:. Cengage Learning. 3214:Notes and references 2949:create a new article 2941:improve this article 2931:may not represent a 2757:employment relations 2696:industrial relations 2444:occupational hazards 2362:workers compensation 2030:industrial democracy 1838:Workforce organizing 1641:independent business 1584:disability insurance 1451:Industrial relations 1440:Academic disciplines 1036:National-syndicalism 1006:Democratic socialism 404:Social choice theory 9327:Positive psychology 9222:Health surveillance 9152:Employee monitoring 9147:Employee experience 9142:Employee engagement 9137:Employee assistance 9122:Effects of overtime 9027:Abusive supervision 8876:Anarcho-syndicalism 8871:Anarcho-primitivism 8756:Economic inequality 8371:Economic liberalism 7600:American (National) 7300:Economic statistics 6863:Recession-proof job 6858:Lists of recessions 6796:Economic depression 6744:Retirement planning 6625:Work–life interface 6462:Employee monitoring 6430:Corporate behaviour 6420:Accounting scandals 6302:Occupational stress 6292:Occupational injury 5823:Reflective practice 5818:Professional school 5540:Work-at-home scheme 5460:Induction programme 5438:Employment contract 5418:Business networking 5223:(archived from the 5027:Freeman, Richard B. 4954:Anderson, Elizabeth 4721:Poverty, by America 4690:. pp. 4, 121. 4569:10.15185/izawol.420 4394:26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) 3862:The Washington Post 3750:merriam-webster.com 3161:Personnel selection 2885:indentured servants 2832:professional school 2707:Academic literature 2549:Researchers at the 2514:. For instance, in 2440:occupational injury 2412:Younger age workers 2374:discrimination laws 2302:Zero-hour contracts 2270:Fixed-term contract 2058:Employment contract 2052:Employment contract 2013:as a commodity and 1611:List of professions 1031:Anarcho-syndicalism 871:Business portal 192:Operations research 172:National accounting 9357:Queen bee syndrome 8896:Economic democracy 8717:Private foundation 7126:See also templates 6963:Job creation index 6927:Youth unemployment 6791:Discouraged worker 6680:Wrongful dismissal 6660:At-will employment 6533:Civil conscription 6497:Workplace bullying 6384:Affirmative action 6366:Workplace wellness 6297:Occupational noise 5933:Long service leave 5793:Overspecialization 5773:Induction training 5728:Career development 5111:Employee Relations 5005:Ellerman, David P. 4560:IZA World of Labor 3069:Employment website 2996:(or sole trader), 2500: 2468:Youth unemployment 2430: 2407:Age-related issues 2351: 2336: 2280:part-time contract 2263: 2224:lack of work tasks 2101:Ministry of Labour 1915:Wage labor is the 1913: 1896:Worker assembling 1856:at-will employment 1808:New York State law 1749: 1701:The main ways for 1140:Professional abuse 202:Industrial complex 197:Middle income trap 9592: 9591: 9317:Personality clash 9262:Kiss up kick down 8973: 8972: 8866:Anarcho-communism 8737:Spontaneous order 8732:Social alienation 8689:Economic mobility 8376:Economic planning 8273: 8272: 7804:New institutional 7175: 7174: 7074:Post-work society 7054:Kiss up kick down 6786:Barriers to entry 6751:Severance package 6583:Human trafficking 6477:Sexual harassment 6457:Employee handbook 6376:Equal opportunity 6239:Safety and health 6229:Take-home vehicle 5838:Vocational school 5788:Lifelong learning 5763:Further education 5723:Career counseling 5718:Career assessment 5495:Overqualification 5206:978-0-470-80262-5 5187:978-0-394-70322-0 5163:978-0-470-80403-2 5144:978-0-900384-91-2 5040:978-0-226-26189-8 4971:978-0-691-17651-2 4960:. Princeton, NJ: 4945:978-3-7908-1915-1 4757:Fox, Alan (1974) 4678:Rank, Mark Robert 4235:978-3-540-27450-6 3931:978-3-322-99402-8 3842:978-0-06-280092-3 3731:978-0-674-15416-2 3720:. Cambridge, MA: 3712:Lazonick, William 3534:978-1-5438-0106-4 3358:978-1-285-42849-9 3328:978-0-538-74066-1 3314:Intro to Business 3284:978-0-17-027079-3 3166:Post-work society 3096:Faithless servant 3049:Employer branding 2977: 2976: 2969: 2951:, as appropriate. 2849:social assistance 2843:Social assistance 2663: 2662: 2474:Older age workers 2442:and face certain 2093:Canadian province 1971:class assignments 1850:Ending employment 1819:Employee benefits 1814:Employee benefits 1800:faithless servant 1514: 1513: 1471:Post-work society 1300:Solidarity action 1110:Legal working age 966:Conflict theories 919: 918: 16:(Redirected from 9612: 9556: 9555: 9272:Machiavellianism 9217:Health promotion 9172:Employee surveys 9167:Employee silence 9000: 8993: 8986: 8977: 8976: 8956:Social anarchism 8931:Market socialism 8926:Market anarchism 8832:Critique of work 8722:Private property 8684:Economic freedom 8679:Decentralization 8657:Cultural aspects 8618:Regulated market 8396:Financial crisis 8381:Entrepreneurship 8300: 8293: 8286: 8277: 8276: 7477:Natural resource 7312:Economic history 7250:Mechanism design 7202: 7195: 7188: 7179: 7178: 7162:Critique of work 7157:Corporate titles 7125: 7124: 7044:Evil corporation 6910:Employment rates 6833:Jobless recovery 6801:Great Depression 6761:Golden parachute 6756:Golden handshake 6553:Job satisfaction 6543:Critique of work 6361:Workplace phobia 6192:Health insurance 6149:Wage compression 6117:Progressive wage 5971:35-hour workweek 5938:No call, no show 5928:Leave of absence 5778:Knowledge worker 5706:Master craftsman 5510:Personality hire 5448:Executive search 5428:Curriculum vitae 5413:Background check 5282: 5275: 5268: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5246: 5244: 5243: 5210: 5191: 5167: 5148: 5126: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5058: 5049:Ferguson, Thomas 5044: 5022: 5000: 4986: 4975: 4949: 4932:Acocella, Nicola 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4897: 4888: 4881: 4866: 4865: 4825: 4819: 4812: 4801: 4794: 4788: 4781: 4775: 4768: 4762: 4755: 4749: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4716:Desmond, Matthew 4712: 4706: 4705: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4627: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4551: 4545: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4525: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4504: 4496: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4464: 4455: 4454: 4449:. Archived from 4443: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4423:. Archived from 4413: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4370: 4364: 4347: 4310: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4288:. Archived from 4282: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4265: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4104: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3961: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3829:Pfeffer, Jeffrey 3825: 3819: 3813: 3804: 3801: 3795: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3708: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3654: 3648: 3635: 3634: 3617: 3606: 3605: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3498: 3489: 3488: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3443: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3413: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3394: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3342: 3333: 3332: 3319:Cengage Learning 3308: 3299: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3235: 3226: 3187:Salary inversion 3121:Jobless recovery 3044:Domestic inquiry 3039:Critique of work 2972: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2924: 2923: 2916: 2836:opportunity cost 2576: 2575: 2555:economic sectors 2540:Mark Robert Rank 2216:Fast anställning 1987:Labour economics 1757:job satisfaction 1717:which receive a 1576:health insurance 1560:bargaining power 1506: 1499: 1492: 1446:Critique of work 1290:Pen-down strikes 1001:Social democracy 948: 938: 928: 921: 920: 911: 904: 897: 883:Money portal 881: 880: 879: 869: 868: 365:Natural resource 157:Economic systems 53: 30: 29: 21: 9620: 9619: 9615: 9614: 9613: 9611: 9610: 9609: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9588: 9569:Aspects of jobs 9547: 9508:Labour movement 9466: 9407:Toxic workplace 9377:Robotics safety 9307:Parkinson's law 9297:Office politics 9282:Micromanagement 9157:Employee morale 9127:Emotional labor 9112:Divide and rule 9087:Culture of fear 9010: 9004: 8974: 8969: 8951:Sharing economy 8941:Post-capitalism 8911:Green anarchism 8850: 8817:Anti-capitalism 8804: 8740: 8651: 8643:State-sponsored 8500: 8476:Property rights 8451:Nationalization 8361:Economic bubble 8319: 8309: 8304: 8274: 8269: 8266:Business portal 8233: 8232: 8231: 8191: 7955:von Böhm-Bawerk 7843: 7842: 7833: 7605:Ancient thought 7583: 7582: 7576: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7316: 7281: 7245:Contract theory 7230:Decision theory 7211: 7206: 7176: 7171: 7167:Organized labor 7137:Aspects of jobs 7113: 7104:Toxic workplace 7039:Emotional labor 7012: 6936:Public programs 6931: 6848:Great Recession 6818:Full employment 6806:Long Depression 6772: 6670:Banishment room 6646: 6568:Refusal of work 6511: 6435:Corporate crime 6403: 6370: 6233: 6158: 6035: 5957: 5891: 5768:Graduate school 5678: 5600: 5544: 5535:Underemployment 5394: 5338:Self-employment 5313:Contingent work 5303:Academic tenure 5296:Classifications 5291: 5286: 5249: 5241: 5239: 5230: 5217: 5207: 5188: 5172:Thompson, E. P. 5164: 5145: 5100: 5098: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5041: 5019: 4972: 4946: 4927: 4922: 4912: 4910: 4898: 4891: 4882: 4869: 4826: 4822: 4813: 4804: 4795: 4791: 4782: 4778: 4769: 4765: 4756: 4752: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4713: 4709: 4698: 4675: 4671: 4657: 4655: 4645: 4641: 4600: 4596: 4581: 4577: 4552: 4548: 4539: 4535: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4486: 4477: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4458: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4358:Wayback Machine 4348: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4295: 4293: 4284: 4283: 4272: 4263: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4210: 4206: 4163: 4159: 4150: 4148: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4126: 4124: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4102: 4100: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4077: 4075: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4052: 4050: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3959: 3957: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3906: 3902: 3893: 3891: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3854: 3850: 3843: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3788: 3784: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3709: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3670:Ostergaard 1997 3668: 3657: 3649: 3638: 3618: 3609: 3594: 3590: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3535: 3519: 3515: 3507: 3499: 3492: 3478: 3474: 3465: 3463: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3441: 3439: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3417: 3415: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3392: 3390: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3359: 3343: 3336: 3329: 3309: 3302: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3269: 3265: 3233: 3227: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3192:Staffing models 3176:Refusal of work 3126:Labor economics 3111:Job description 3075:The End of Work 3064:Employment rate 3014: 3009: 3008: 2994:sole proprietor 2980:Self-employment 2973: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2938: 2925: 2921: 2913: 2910:Self-employment 2905: 2903:Self-employment 2881: 2865: 2851:support (e.g., 2845: 2820: 2812:punk subculture 2804: 2799: 2753: 2725:food processing 2709: 2673:working classes 2668: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2608: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2594: 2592: 2587: 2567:services sector 2544:Matthew Desmond 2485: 2476: 2436: 2414: 2409: 2328: 2310: 2251: 2220:personal reason 2198:Provanställning 2190: 2174: 2162: 2151: 2149:Labour in India 2145: 2117: 2089: 2077: 2065: 2060: 2054: 2045:Jeffrey Pfeffer 2034:Thomas Ferguson 1995: 1989: 1983: 1890: 1884: 1868:employment bond 1852: 1840: 1828: 1816: 1765: 1741: 1699: 1693: 1684: 1656: 1649: 1617: 1603: 1596: 1588:employment laws 1510: 1481: 1480: 1476:Refusal of work 1456:Labor economics 1441: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1336: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1315:Wildcat strikes 1310:Whipsaw strikes 1295:Sitdown strikes 1242: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1196: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1170:Toxic workplace 1054: 1044: 1043: 1040: 958: 937:Organized labor 936: 926: 915: 877: 875: 863: 856: 855: 826: 816: 815: 814: 813: 577:von Böhm-Bawerk 465: 454: 453: 215: 207: 206: 162:Economic growth 152: 144: 143: 85: 83:classifications 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9618: 9608: 9607: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9560: 9558: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9474: 9472: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9102:Discrimination 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9018: 9016: 9012: 9011: 9003: 9002: 8995: 8988: 8980: 8971: 8970: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8856: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8746: 8745:Social aspects 8742: 8741: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8669:American Dream 8666: 8661: 8659: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8431:Market failure 8428: 8426:Market economy 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8386:Ecopreneurship 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8341:Centralization 8338: 8336:Business cycle 8333: 8327: 8325: 8321: 8320: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8303: 8302: 8295: 8288: 8280: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8229: 8224: 8214: 8209: 8203: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7846: 7844: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7766: 7765: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7731: 7726: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7669:Disequilibrium 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7618: 7617: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7586: 7584: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7564: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7482:Organizational 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7291: 7289: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7257:Macroeconomics 7254: 7253: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7225:Microeconomics 7221: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7205: 7204: 7197: 7190: 7182: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7089:Sunday scaries 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7013: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6840: 6838:Phillips curve 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6809: 6808: 6803: 6793: 6788: 6782: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6764: 6763: 6758: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6739:Retirement age 6736: 6726: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6692:Exit interview 6689: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6662: 6656: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6622: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6442:Discrimination 6439: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6396: 6394:Gender pay gap 6391: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6331: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6243: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6225: 6224: 6214: 6209: 6207:Parental leave 6204: 6202:Marriage leave 6199: 6197:Life insurance 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6053:Income bracket 6049: 6047: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5981:Eight-hour day 5978: 5973: 5967: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5740: 5738:Creative class 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5698: 5696:Apprenticeship 5692: 5690: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5664:Scarlet-collar 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5610: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5380:Temporary work 5377: 5372: 5367: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5348:Skilled worker 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5285: 5284: 5277: 5270: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5247: 5228: 5216: 5215:External links 5213: 5212: 5211: 5205: 5192: 5186: 5168: 5162: 5149: 5143: 5127: 5106: 5078: 5065: 5045: 5039: 5023: 5017: 5001: 4976: 4970: 4950: 4944: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4920: 4889: 4867: 4820: 4802: 4789: 4776: 4763: 4750: 4737: 4730: 4707: 4697:978-0190212636 4696: 4669: 4639: 4594: 4575: 4546: 4533: 4512: 4484: 4456: 4453:on 2014-11-17. 4438: 4408: 4396: 4387: 4365: 4311: 4302: 4270: 4246: 4234: 4204: 4157: 4133: 4109: 4084: 4059: 4035: 4002: 3995: 3975:"Arbeitsrecht" 3966: 3942: 3930: 3900: 3875: 3848: 3841: 3820: 3805: 3796: 3782: 3779:(Online). n.d. 3762: 3737: 3730: 3724:. p. 37. 3698: 3696:, p. 912. 3686: 3684:, p. 599. 3674: 3672:, p. 133. 3655: 3636: 3607: 3588: 3572: 3556: 3540: 3533: 3513: 3490: 3472: 3448: 3424: 3399: 3372: 3357: 3334: 3327: 3321:. p. 74. 3300: 3283: 3263: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3091:Ethnic Penalty 3088: 3083: 3078: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3059:Employment gap 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3015: 3013: 3010: 2975: 2974: 2957:September 2023 2935:of the subject 2933:worldwide view 2928: 2926: 2919: 2914: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2880: 2877: 2864: 2861: 2844: 2841: 2819: 2816: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2775: 2752: 2749: 2708: 2705: 2700: 2699: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2603: 2596: 2589: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2484: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2432:Main article: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2286: 2283: 2273: 2250: 2249:United Kingdom 2247: 2243:Timanställning 2236:minimum salary 2232: 2231: 2208: 2201: 2189: 2186: 2173: 2170: 2161: 2158: 2147:Main article: 2144: 2141: 2125:Arbeitsvertrag 2116: 2113: 2088: 2085: 2076: 2073: 2064: 2061: 2056:Main article: 2053: 2050: 1985:Main article: 1982: 1979: 1886:Main article: 1883: 1880: 1851: 1848: 1839: 1836: 1827: 1824: 1815: 1812: 1764: 1761: 1740: 1737: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1648: 1645: 1595: 1592: 1568:bonus payments 1512: 1511: 1509: 1508: 1501: 1494: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1422:United Kingdom 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1258:General strike 1255: 1250: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1215: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1080:Eight-hour day 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 962: 959: 956:Labor movement 954: 953: 950: 949: 941: 940: 932: 931: 917: 916: 914: 913: 906: 899: 891: 888: 887: 886: 885: 873: 858: 857: 854: 853: 848: 838: 833: 827: 822: 821: 818: 817: 812: 811: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 468: 467: 466: 460: 459: 456: 455: 452: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 370:Organizational 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 216: 214:By application 213: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 153: 150: 149: 146: 145: 142: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 107: 102: 97: 92: 86: 80: 79: 76: 75: 74: 73: 68: 63: 55: 54: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9617: 9606: 9603: 9602: 9600: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9550: 9544: 9543:Whistleblower 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9533:Strike action 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9475: 9473: 9469: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9382:Role conflict 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9367:Relationships 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9072:Control freak 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9001: 8996: 8994: 8989: 8987: 8982: 8981: 8978: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8901:Eco-socialism 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8853: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8807: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8743: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8694:Individualism 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8654: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8553: 8552:Laissez-faire 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8516:Authoritarian 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8503: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8466:Privatization 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8436:Merchantilism 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8406:Globalization 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8312: 8308: 8301: 8296: 8294: 8289: 8287: 8282: 8281: 8278: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8236: 8228: 8225: 8222: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7850:de Mandeville 7848: 7847: 7845: 7841: 7836: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7792:New classical 7790: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7748:Malthusianism 7746: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7709:Institutional 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7512:Public choice 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7487:Participation 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7447:Institutional 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7397:Expeditionary 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7387:Environmental 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7323: 7319: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7198: 7196: 7191: 7189: 7184: 7183: 7180: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7064:Make-work job 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6983:Right to work 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6968:Job guarantee 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6953:Make-work job 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6769: 6766: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6724:Restructuring 6722: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6702:Notice period 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6640: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6492:Whistleblower 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6425:Control fraud 6423: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6400: 6399:Glass ceiling 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6335: 6334:Work accident 6332: 6330: 6327: 6323: 6322:United States 6320: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6227: 6223: 6222:United States 6220: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6177:Casual Friday 6175: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6134:Paid time off 6132: 6130: 6129:Overtime rate 6127: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6110:United States 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5976:Four-day week 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5960: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5860:Practice firm 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5758:Employability 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5659:Orange-collar 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5606:Working class 5603: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5480:Job interview 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5333:Part-time job 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5318:Full-time job 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5283: 5278: 5276: 5271: 5269: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5252: 5248: 5238:on 2009-06-12 5237: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5222: 5221:Business Link 5219: 5218: 5208: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5117:(2): 129–50. 5116: 5112: 5107: 5097:on 2013-05-16 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5068: 5066:0-226-24317-6 5062: 5057: 5056: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5018:1-55786-309-1 5014: 5011:. Blackwell. 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4985: 4984: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4896: 4894: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4818: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4799: 4793: 4786: 4780: 4773: 4767: 4760: 4754: 4747: 4741: 4733: 4731:9780593239919 4727: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4711: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4673: 4666: 4654: 4650: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4598: 4590: 4586: 4579: 4570: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4544: 4537: 4529: 4522: 4516: 4508: 4501: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4461: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4417:"Termination" 4412: 4405: 4400: 4391: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4352: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4306: 4292:on 2012-03-23 4291: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4173:(in German). 4172: 4168: 4161: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4018:(in German). 4017: 4013: 4006: 3998: 3996:3-540-32541-7 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3910:"Werkvertrag" 3904: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3852: 3844: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3824: 3817: 3816:Ferguson 1995 3812: 3810: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3786: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3733: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3695: 3694:Thompson 1966 3690: 3683: 3682:Thompson 1966 3678: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3652: 3651:Ellerman 1992 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3584: 3583: 3576: 3568: 3567: 3560: 3552: 3551: 3544: 3536: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3517: 3506: 3505: 3497: 3495: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3412: 3411: 3403: 3389: 3387: 3382: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3341: 3339: 3330: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3307: 3305: 3297: 3286: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3244:(2): 187–94. 3243: 3239: 3232: 3225: 3223: 3218: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3116:Job guarantee 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2971: 2968: 2960: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2934: 2927: 2918: 2917: 2911: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2794: 2792: 2783: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2764: 2763:Globalization 2760: 2758: 2748: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2721:agri-business 2718: 2712: 2704: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2604: 2597: 2593:agricultural 2590: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563:manufacturing 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532:United States 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2480: 2471: 2469: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2347: 2343: 2341: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2308:United States 2303: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2260: 2255: 2246: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2166: 2157: 2155: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2084: 2082: 2072: 2070: 2069:Fair Work Act 2059: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1949:patent rights 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1917:socioeconomic 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860:severance pay 1857: 1847: 1845: 1835: 1832: 1823: 1820: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1793:stock options 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1753: 1745: 1736: 1734: 1733:job interview 1730: 1725: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1688: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1654: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1601: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572:stock options 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1554:or an annual 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1461:Labor history 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1387:New Caledonia 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1334:Labor parties 1330: 1329: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1285:Overtime bans 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1240:Strike action 1236: 1235: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1135:Paid time off 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1100:Four-day week 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1047: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1026:Union busting 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 963: 961: 960: 957: 952: 951: 947: 943: 942: 939: 934: 933: 929: 923: 922: 912: 907: 905: 900: 898: 893: 892: 890: 889: 884: 874: 872: 867: 862: 861: 860: 859: 852: 849: 846: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 825: 820: 819: 810: 809: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 472:de Mandeville 470: 469: 464: 458: 457: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 401: 400:Public choice 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 375:Participation 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 335:Institutional 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 285:Expeditionary 283: 281: 278: 276: 275:Environmental 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 217: 211: 210: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 154: 148: 147: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 111: 108: 106: 105:International 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 87: 84: 81:Branches and 78: 77: 72: 69: 67: 64: 62: 59: 58: 57: 56: 52: 48: 47: 44: 41: 40: 36: 32: 31: 19: 9523:Organization 9513:Labor rights 9493:Headquarters 9482: 9412:Toxic leader 9392:Spirituality 9257:Kick the cat 9247:Intervention 9187:Feminisation 9037:Anti-pattern 8847:Wage slavery 8801:Unemployment 8781:Productivity 8776:Labor supply 8760: 8712:Philanthropy 8573:Mercantilist 8550: 8521:Conservative 8356:Deregulation 8317:perspectives 8315:Aspects and 8261:Publications 8217:Publications 8184: 7780:Neoclassical 7770:Mercantilism 7679:Evolutionary 7541:Sociological 7514: / 7412:Geographical 7392:Evolutionary 7367:Digitization 7332:Agricultural 7295:Econometrics 7235:Price theory 7099:Toxic leader 7079:Presenteeism 7059:Labor rights 7049:Going postal 7024:Bullshit job 7007: 6992: 6987: 6778:Unemployment 6630:Downshifting 6613:Wage slavery 6608:Unfree labor 6578:Bonded labor 6548:Dead-end job 6538:Conscription 6317:Right to sit 6172:Annual leave 6154:Working poor 6090:Minimum wage 6068:Maximum wage 6026:Working time 6016:Six-hour day 5913:Career break 5875:Professional 5669:Black-collar 5639:White-collar 5619:Green-collar 5596:Volunteering 5433:Drug testing 5423:Cover letter 5363:Tradesperson 5288: 5240:. Retrieved 5236:the original 5196: 5176: 5153: 5134: 5114: 5110: 5099:. Retrieved 5095:the original 5090: 5086: 5070:. Retrieved 5054: 5030: 5008: 4982: 4957: 4935: 4911:. Retrieved 4905: 4884: 4837: 4833: 4823: 4797: 4792: 4784: 4779: 4771: 4766: 4758: 4753: 4745: 4740: 4719: 4710: 4701: 4682: 4672: 4663: 4658:February 18, 4656:. Retrieved 4642: 4625:10419/114164 4607: 4603: 4597: 4588: 4578: 4559: 4549: 4536: 4527: 4515: 4506: 4476:. Retrieved 4471: 4451:the original 4447:"Bluenomics" 4441: 4431:27 September 4429:. Retrieved 4425:the original 4411: 4403: 4399: 4390: 4378:. Retrieved 4368: 4305: 4294:. Retrieved 4290:the original 4262:. Retrieved 4258: 4249: 4239:, retrieved 4217: 4207: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4149:. Retrieved 4145: 4136: 4125:. Retrieved 4121: 4112: 4101:. Retrieved 4096: 4087: 4076:. Retrieved 4071: 4062: 4051:. Retrieved 4047: 4038: 4019: 4015: 4005: 3978: 3969: 3958:. Retrieved 3954: 3945: 3935:, retrieved 3913: 3903: 3892:. Retrieved 3887: 3878: 3866:. Retrieved 3860: 3851: 3832: 3823: 3799: 3785: 3774: 3771:"wage slave" 3765: 3753:. Retrieved 3746:"wage slave" 3740: 3716: 3689: 3677: 3629: 3601: 3591: 3581: 3575: 3565: 3559: 3549: 3543: 3523: 3516: 3503: 3475: 3464:. Retrieved 3460: 3451: 3440:. Retrieved 3436: 3427: 3416:, retrieved 3409: 3402: 3391:. Retrieved 3384: 3375: 3347: 3313: 3294: 3288:. Retrieved 3273: 3266: 3241: 3237: 3136:Labor rights 3106:Job analysis 3101:Green growth 3073: 3029:Bullshit job 2988: 2978: 2963: 2954: 2930: 2893:human rights 2882: 2866: 2863:Volunteerism 2846: 2821: 2805: 2797:Alternatives 2787: 2761: 2754: 2745: 2729: 2713: 2710: 2701: 2669: 2559:unemployment 2548: 2512:poverty line 2501: 2491:A worker in 2483:Working poor 2477: 2465: 2462: 2454: 2437: 2393: 2385: 2378: 2369: 2355: 2352: 2337: 2285:Agency staff 2264: 2242: 2240: 2233: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2197: 2191: 2175: 2163: 2152: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2121:Werksvertrag 2120: 2118: 2090: 2078: 2071:since 2009. 2066: 2042: 2023: 2007:wage slavery 2001:, using the 1996: 1981:Wage slavery 1975:manual labor 1957: 1933:labor market 1914: 1853: 1844:labor unions 1841: 1829: 1817: 1802:doctrine, a 1797: 1784: 1771:, by yearly 1766: 1763:Remuneration 1750: 1700: 1685: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1657: 1637:compensation 1624: 1620: 1618: 1544:co-operative 1516: 1515: 1320:Work-to-rule 1194:Trade unions 1175:Unfree labor 1165:Six-hour day 1150:Right to sit 1115:Minimum wage 1060:Annual leave 1052:Labor rights 986:New unionism 841:Publications 806: 429:Sociological 402: / 300:Geographical 280:Evolutionary 255:Digitization 220:Agricultural 124:Mathematical 95:Econometrics 9538:Trade union 9528:Remote work 9503:Job sharing 9478:Corporation 9427:Undermining 9347:Psychopathy 9197:Goofing off 9192:Generations 9177:Empowerment 9022:Absenteeism 9006:Aspects of 8966:Syndicalism 8886:Communalism 8751:Corporatism 8727:Rule of law 8674:Consumerism 8664:Advertising 8563:Libertarian 8541:Free-market 8511:Anglo-Saxon 8441:Meritocracy 8391:Externality 8346:Competition 8055:von Neumann 7824:Supply-side 7809:Physiocracy 7753:Marginalism 7442:Information 7382:Engineering 7362:Development 7357:Demographic 7240:Game theory 7217:Theoretical 6988:Historical: 6712:Resignation 6652:Termination 6635:Slow living 6603:Truck wages 6593:Penal labor 6516:Willingness 6408:Infractions 6063:Living wage 6006:Remote work 5674:Gold-collar 5629:Pink-collar 5624:Grey-collar 5614:Blue-collar 5581:Labour hire 5556:Cooperative 5520:Recruitment 5475:Job hunting 5408:Application 5375:Labour hire 5328:Job sharing 5072:January 26, 4840:(1): 1–17. 4472:www.cdc.gov 4099:(in German) 4074:(in German) 3791:De Officiis 3625:"Chapter 2" 3582:Labor Cases 3131:Labor power 3002:partnership 2857:food stamps 2802:Subcultures 2609:employment 2600:industrial 2571:Agriculture 2426:labor force 2297:Contractors 2293:Consultants 2289:Freelancers 2259:call centre 2228:Arbetsbrist 2178:Philippines 2172:Philippines 1864:surety bond 1729:assessments 1660:gig economy 1536:corporation 1417:South Korea 1397:Netherlands 1392:New Zealand 1065:Child labor 1021:Syndicalism 991:Proletariat 971:Decent work 677:von Neumann 330:Information 270:Engineering 250:Development 245:Demographic 187:Game theory 129:Methodology 9605:Employment 9584:Employment 9483:Employment 9292:Narcissism 9242:Inequality 9237:Incivility 9212:Harassment 9182:Evaluation 9117:Drug tests 9032:Aggression 9008:workplaces 8855:Antithesis 8786:Prosperity 8761:Employment 8708:Mainstream 8699:Liberalism 8623:Regulatory 8598:Neoliberal 8546:Humanistic 8531:Democratic 8491:Wage labor 8486:Regulation 8351:Depression 8307:Capitalism 8212:Economists 8085:Schumacher 7990:Schumpeter 7960:von Wieser 7880:von Thünen 7840:Economists 7739:Circuitism 7704:Humanistic 7699:Historical 7674:Ecological 7664:Democratic 7637:Chartalism 7627:Behavioral 7590:Mainstream 7551:Statistics 7546:Solidarity 7467:Managerial 7432:Humanistic 7427:Historical 7372:Ecological 7337:Behavioral 6922:Wage curve 6729:Retirement 6642:Workaholic 6620:Work ethic 6588:Labor camp 6487:Wage theft 6467:Evaluation 6452:Dress code 6217:Sick leave 6182:Child care 6144:Salary cap 6058:Income tax 6021:Shift work 5953:Time clock 5948:Sick leave 5943:Sabbatical 5908:Break room 5896:Attendance 5865:Profession 5850:Mentorship 5828:Retraining 5753:E-learning 5649:New-collar 5644:Red-collar 5591:Supervisor 5571:Internship 5490:Onboarding 5390:Wage labor 5358:Technician 5353:Journeyman 5323:Gig worker 5289:Employment 5242:2009-08-05 5101:2017-08-27 4610:: 86–101. 4478:2015-06-15 4296:2010-01-23 4264:2021-04-11 4241:2021-04-11 4177:(5): 199. 4151:2021-04-11 4127:2024-05-17 4103:2021-04-11 4078:2021-04-11 4053:2021-04-11 3960:2021-04-11 3937:2021-04-11 3894:2014-02-15 3621:Marx, Karl 3466:2020-03-30 3442:2020-03-30 3393:2022-10-06 3381:"ABC test" 3290:2016-03-30 3202:Work ethic 3151:Onboarding 3024:Automation 2985:tax return 2873:internship 2869:volunteers 2828:university 2602:employment 2595:employment 2586:Number of 2561:, such as 2497:Bangladesh 2312:See also: 2226:(Swedish: 2133:Leiharbeit 2129:Zeitarbeit 2075:Bangladesh 2026:John Dewey 2003:pejorative 1999:socialists 1991:See also: 1888:Wage labor 1882:Wage labor 1798:Under the 1781:commission 1777:gratuities 1719:commission 1711:job boards 1600:Supervisor 1564:gratuities 1524:regulating 1517:Employment 1275:Green bans 1268:newspapers 1160:Sick leave 1155:Sabbatical 836:Economists 707:Schumacher 612:Schumpeter 582:von Wieser 502:von Thünen 463:economists 439:Statistics 434:Solidarity 355:Managerial 320:Humanistic 315:Historical 260:Ecological 225:Behavioral 119:Mainstream 9557:Templates 9342:Profanity 9337:Probation 9277:Menopause 9267:Listening 9207:Happiness 9107:Diversity 9092:Democracy 9082:Coworking 8961:Socialism 8936:Mutualism 8891:Communism 8861:Anarchism 8810:Criticism 8791:Syndicate 8526:Corporate 8481:Recession 8456:Oligopoly 8421:Invention 8130:Greenspan 8095:Samuelson 8075:Galbraith 8045:Tinbergen 7985:von Mises 7980:Heckscher 7940:Edgeworth 7819:Stockholm 7814:Socialist 7714:Keynesian 7694:Happiness 7654:Classical 7615:Mutualism 7610:Anarchist 7595:Heterodox 7492:Personnel 7452:Knowledge 7417:Happiness 7407:Financial 7377:Education 7352:Democracy 7287:Empirical 7209:Economics 7109:Workhouse 7029:Busy work 6843:Recession 6707:Pink slip 6665:Dismissal 6528:Careerism 6472:Labor law 6122:Singapore 6100:Hong Kong 5963:Schedules 5882:Tradesman 5783:Licensure 5743:Education 5713:Avocation 5654:No-collar 5634:Precariat 5515:Probation 5470:Job fraud 5174:(1966) . 4913:16 August 4862:229170512 4854:0003-0554 4199:176538819 4191:1613-7612 3418:March 30, 3367:953710378 3183:(Marxism) 2945:talk page 2897:democracy 2791:workforce 2694:Critical 2607:services 2524:East Asia 2276:Full-time 2063:Australia 1963:countries 1769:piecework 1703:employers 1615:Tradesman 1552:piecework 1466:Labor law 1412:Singapore 1367:Hong Kong 1342:Australia 1095:Equal pay 1016:Communism 1011:Socialism 752:Greenspan 717:Samuelson 697:Galbraith 667:Tinbergen 607:von Mises 602:Heckscher 562:Edgeworth 380:Personnel 340:Knowledge 305:Happiness 295:Financial 265:Education 240:Democracy 134:Political 100:Heterodox 43:Economics 18:Personnel 9599:Category 9471:See also 9462:Workwear 9452:Workload 9442:Wellness 9432:Violence 9422:Turnover 9417:Training 9397:Strategy 9387:Sabotage 9362:Rat 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