697:
186:
870:
322:
4162:
912:
10595:
1232:
898:
84:
43:
884:
469:
284:
1243:
Below are the 32 letters of the modern
Persian alphabet. Since the script is cursive, the appearance of a letter changes depending on its position: isolated, initial (joined on the left), medial (joined on both sides) and final (joined on the right) of a word. These include the 22 letters
1143:
Under the influence of various
Persian Empires, many languages in Central and South Asia that adopted the Arabic script use the Persian Alphabet as the basis of their writing systems. Today, extended versions of the Persian alphabet are used to write a wide variety of
6703:) do not connect to the following letter, unlike the rest of the letters of the alphabet. The seven letters have the same form in isolated and initial position and a second form in medial and final position. For example, when the letter
7775:
Although at first glance, they may seem similar, there are many differences in the way the different languages use the alphabets. For example, similar words are written differently in
Persian and Arabic, as they are used differently.
4300:
Noto
Nastaliq Urdu, Scheherazade, Lateef, Noto Naskh Arabic, Markazi Text, Noto Sans Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan, El Messiri SemiBold, Lemonada Medium, Changa Medium, Mada, Noto Kufi Arabic, Reem Kufi, Lalezar, Jomhuria, and Rakkas.
8869:
Typically, words are separated from each other by a space. Certain morphemes (such as the plural ending '-hâ'), however, are written without a space. On a computer, they are separated from the word using the
8922:
10079:
1248:
or the
Northwest Semitic abjad, 6 extra letters not in any of the 22 letters of the Phoenician alphabet or the Northwest Semitic abjad and 4 extra letters not in any of the 28 letters of the
8857:
Same
Unicode characters as the Persian, but language is set to Urdu. The numerals 4, 6 and 7 are different from Persian. On some devices, this row may appear identical to Persian.
1252:. These combined total letters is 10 last letters not corresponding to a letter in the Phoenician alphabet and also the Northwest Semitic abjad as well as the Arabic alphabet.
7275:) is the addition of one of three vowel diacritics to a noun or adjective to indicate that the word ends in an alveolar nasal sound without the addition of the letter nun.
9036:"Persian Language in Arabic Script: The Formation of the Orthographic Standard and the Different Graphic Traditions of Iran in the First Centuries of the Islamic Era"
7146:
There is no standard transliteration for
Persian. The letters 'i' and 'u' are only ever used as short vowels when transliterating Dari or Tajik Persian. See
455:
7165:
In Farsi, none of these short vowels may be the initial or final grapheme in an isolated word, although they may appear in the final position as an
9681:
9158:
8890:, the Cyrillic script was introduced in the late 1930s. The alphabet remained Cyrillic until the end of the 1980s with the disintegration of the
670:
1219:, including Persian, were reformed by the government. This ultimately resulted in the Cyrillic-based alphabet used in Tajikistan today. See:
10084:
10053:
10043:
9712:
9685:
9505:
9133:
840:
9370:
7486:), it has only one graphical form since it is never tied to a preceding or following letter. However, it is sometimes 'seated' on a
9451:
9478:
9424:
9397:
9343:
9316:
8910:(the endonym for the Persian language) after Tajik. The law also called for a gradual reintroduction of the Perso-Arabic alphabet.
10117:
10069:
9345:
Politics of
Language in the Ex-Soviet Muslim States: Azerbayjan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan
9289:
8935:
148:
9662:
9635:
9559:
9515:
9488:
9461:
9434:
9407:
9380:
9353:
9326:
9299:
9094:
9067:
7054:
6629:
diacritic characters are illustrative only; in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used.
1255:
The names of the letters are mostly the ones used in Arabic except for the
Persian pronunciation. The only ambiguous name is
120:
9129:
1136:
used for the
Persian language prior. By the 9th-century, the Perso-Arabic alphabet became the dominant form of writing in
10074:
9532:
8917:
3573:
3262:
663:
486:
127:
10048:
7129:
247:
229:
207:
167:
101:
70:
56:
7468:
The following are not actual letters but different orthographical shapes for letters, a ligature in the case of the
6895:
Of the four Arabic diacritics, the Persian language has adopted the following three for short vowels. The last one,
200:
7982:
7869:
2490:
1935:
1064:; mathematical expressions, numeric dates and numbers bearing units are embedded from left to right. The script is
134:
7538:
7045:
6978:
6867:
6809:
6790:
3763:
3637:
2990:
2838:
1348:
437:
9705:
9652:
9625:
7062:
656:
105:
9189:
9009:
8013:
7885:
2368:
1867:
116:
7169:, when the word is part of a noun group. In a word that starts with a vowel, the first grapheme is a silent
10629:
9737:
9608:
7120:
6836:
3581:
3501:
3493:
2558:
2422:
1799:
406:
17:
9592:
9576:
9549:
8405:
7915:
7159:
Diacritics differ by dialect, due to Dari having 8 distinct vowels compared to the 6 vowels of Farsi. See
6865:
3843:
3820:
1021:
1012:
451:
447:
10110:
9745:
9229:
3747:
3629:
2016:
1181:
725:
9165:
10619:
10171:
10160:
7952:
7861:
6987:
3739:
3645:
2846:
2694:
1731:
1663:
1169:
10624:
10245:
10022:
9806:
9698:
8042:
8011:
7980:
7950:
7899:
7883:
7867:
7859:
7821:
7577:
7127:
7118:
7060:
7052:
7043:
6985:
6976:
6834:
6826:
6807:
6788:
3874:
3872:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3396:
3328:
3260:
3192:
3124:
3056:
2988:
2920:
2912:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2762:
2760:
2692:
2626:
2624:
2556:
2488:
2420:
2366:
2314:
2312:
2258:
2206:
2204:
2150:
2084:
2082:
2014:
1933:
1865:
1797:
1729:
1661:
1593:
1539:
1406:
1177:
1153:
1085:
999:
993:
991:
985:
983:
696:
10270:
10197:
10639:
10352:
10300:
10202:
10176:
3565:
3485:
3058:
411:
321:
194:
10218:
10213:
10187:
9996:
9861:
8968:
8951:
8100:) are different from the shapes used in Arabic. All the digits also have different codepoints in
8079:
7579:
3826:
3755:
3126:
2152:
1595:
1541:
1001:
941:
639:
622:
356:
94:
10362:
9274:
10598:
10519:
10479:
10459:
10454:
10440:
10409:
10295:
10182:
10103:
9796:
9753:
9291:
Gender Politics in Central Asia: Historical Perspectives and Current Living Conditions of Women
8963:
8845:
8834:
2922:
1145:
433:
211:
31:
10505:
9084:
9057:
141:
10524:
10474:
10332:
10165:
10150:
9969:
9816:
8871:
7793:
6870:
3398:
3330:
2914:
2260:
62:
10394:
6227:
10554:
10549:
10373:
10240:
10155:
9729:
8044:
7901:
6896:
3194:
1189:
1061:
956:
351:
315:
10378:
6842:
6815:
6796:
1068:, meaning most letters in a word connect to each other; when they are typed, contemporary
8:
10565:
9984:
8954:, and as of 1996 only a very small part of the population can read the Persian alphabet.
1245:
1201:
1165:
361:
6607:
6599:
6563:
6555:
6545:
6539:
6419:
6409:
6304:
6294:
6288:
6217:
6209:
6201:
6193:
6185:
6177:
6169:
6157:
6149:
6141:
6133:
6125:
6115:
6107:
6099:
6091:
5943:
5911:
5839:
5813:
5803:
5787:
5683:
5675:
5659:
5653:
5580:
5560:
5540:
5524:
5414:
5402:
5330:
5322:
5306:
5298:
5290:
5282:
5272:
5262:
5248:
5119:
5111:
5095:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4974:
4966:
4958:
4950:
4942:
4934:
4926:
4918:
4910:
4902:
4894:
4886:
4878:
10634:
10469:
10017:
9906:
1220:
1101:
854:
371:
10255:
4161:
10515:
10464:
10445:
10316:
10285:
9923:
9801:
9658:
9631:
9555:
9511:
9484:
9457:
9430:
9403:
9376:
9349:
9322:
9295:
9213:
9090:
9063:
9035:
8978:
8899:
7284:
7160:
7147:
6908:
6779:
3808:
1149:
1039:
627:
10575:
10545:
10495:
10435:
10399:
10357:
10321:
10305:
10290:
10275:
10192:
10027:
9890:
9846:
9824:
9721:
8903:
7922:
7262:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1137:
1129:
1117:
1109:
1096:
language became the principal language of government and religious institutions in
963:
932:
754:
366:
333:
289:
9248:
10569:
10540:
10529:
10384:
10337:
10280:
10235:
10140:
10001:
9974:
9939:
9885:
9880:
9856:
9829:
9137:
8973:
8413:
8388:
However, the Arabic variant continues to be used in its traditional style in the
7858:
The Persian alphabet has four extra letters that are not in the Arabic alphabet:
7671:
Validity of this form depends on region and dialect. Some may use the two-letter
6854:
6644:
1249:
1209:
1205:
1157:
1133:
1121:
1089:
1081:
1050:
1043:
1032:
976:(the sounds 'g', 'zh', 'ch', and 'p', respectively), in addition to the obsolete
902:
869:
847:
817:
737:
715:
8895:
10534:
10485:
10450:
10419:
10414:
10326:
10311:
9991:
9839:
9769:
9111:
8988:
8983:
8745:
7813:
1236:
1125:
1069:
1054:
1046:
916:
747:
644:
10613:
10560:
10510:
10500:
10404:
10126:
9953:
9916:
9911:
9866:
9851:
8913:
8883:
8639:
1161:
1084:. The Arabic alphabet was introduced to the Persian-speaking world after the
1028:
967:
799:
776:
759:
613:
421:
376:
6610:
6602:
6566:
6558:
6548:
6542:
6422:
6412:
6307:
6297:
6291:
6220:
6212:
6204:
6196:
6188:
6180:
6172:
6160:
6152:
6144:
6136:
6128:
6118:
6110:
6102:
6094:
5946:
5914:
5842:
5816:
5806:
5790:
5686:
5678:
5662:
5656:
5583:
5563:
5543:
5527:
5417:
5405:
5333:
5325:
5309:
5301:
5293:
5285:
5275:
5265:
5251:
5122:
5114:
5098:
5025:
5017:
5009:
5001:
4993:
4985:
4977:
4969:
4961:
4953:
4945:
4937:
4929:
4921:
4913:
4905:
4897:
4889:
4881:
10342:
8891:
8887:
7847:
7817:
2830:
1408:
1403:
1216:
911:
888:
822:
771:
1128:
officially adopted the Arabic script for writing Persian, followed by the
10490:
10265:
9777:
9761:
8468:
8389:
874:
764:
482:
30:
For other scripts that have been used to write the Persian language, see
9342:
Landau, Jacob M.; Landau, Yaʿaqov M.; Kellner-Heinkele, Barbara (2001).
7690:
10250:
10080:
List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
7166:
6887:). Other Arabic diacritics may be seen in Arabic loanwords in Persian.
6884:
1231:
730:
8942:
was removed from the state-language law, reverting the name to simply
10367:
10260:
10145:
9871:
8931:
6828:
6764:
takes the isolated form, but they are in the middle of the word, and
1173:
416:
1100:, which led to the widespread usage of the Arabic script. Classical
83:
10095:
9690:
7256:
6860:
6626:
4866:
959:
897:
742:
443:
293:
9945:
6770:
also has its isolated form, but it occurs at the end of the word.
10207:
8101:
7737:
7724:
7615:
The final form is very rare and is freely replaced with ordinary
7364:
6878:
6656:
4873:
1353:
1184:. In the past the use of the Persian alphabet was common amongst
1065:
1080:
The Persian alphabet is directly derived and developed from the
10580:
8991:, the calligraphy used to write Persian before the 20th century
7415:
6643:
has 2 dots below in the initial and middle positions only. The
1215:
During the colonization of Central Asia, many languages in the
1113:
1105:
1093:
6899:, which indicates the lack of a vowel, has not been adopted.
1188:, but today is relegated to those spoken within Iran, such as
9059:
Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History
7769:
This is the medial character which connects other characters
7482:
7371:
7187:, meaning "hope"). In a word that ends with a vowel, letters
6848:
6463:
6348:
3450:
1389:
632:
9624:
Ochsenwald, William; Fisher, Sydney Nettleton (2010-01-06).
9399:
From the Gulf to Central Asia: Players in the New Great Game
9341:
9275:"Unicode Characters in the 'Number, Decimal Digit' Category"
8848:. The numbers 4, 5, and 6 are different from Eastern Arabic.
10389:
9834:
9426:
Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects
9232:§ Miscellaneous Dingbats p. 325 (155 electronically).
7827:
The Unicode Standard has a compatibility character defined
1097:
1036:
8877:
8053:
8023:
7992:
7961:
7909:
7756:
7664:
7608:
4485:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3771:
3653:
3509:
3405:
3337:
3269:
3201:
3133:
3065:
2997:
2929:
2853:
2769:
2701:
2633:
2565:
2497:
2429:
2375:
2321:
2267:
2213:
2159:
2091:
2023:
1942:
1874:
1806:
1738:
1670:
1602:
1548:
1494:
1459:
1438:
1415:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
8392:, similarly as it is used in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.
583:
1212:
in western China is the most notable exception to this.
283:
9453:
The New Geopolitics of Central Asia and Its Borderlands
1104:
and poetry were affected by this simultaneous usage of
9249:"Proposal to add Arabic Currency Sign Rial to the UCS"
7735:
7697:
7688:
7637:
7631:
7624:
7570:
7563:
7504:, and in that case, the seat behaves like an ordinary
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3620:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3389:
3321:
3253:
3185:
3117:
3049:
2981:
2905:
2821:
2753:
2685:
2617:
2549:
2481:
2413:
2359:
2305:
2251:
2197:
2143:
2075:
2007:
1926:
1858:
1790:
1722:
1654:
1586:
1532:
1396:
8902:. In addition, the law officially equated Tajik with
8060:
8030:
7999:
7968:
7807:
7517:
7511:
7505:
7499:
7493:
7487:
7469:
7453:
7399:
7354:
7324:
7242:
7230:
7218:
7212:
7206:
7182:
7170:
7111:
7105:
7098:
7092:
7036:
7030:
7023:
7017:
6969:
6962:
6956:
6876:
6858:
6821:
6802:
6783:
6759:
6748:
6737:
6726:
6720:
6709:
3698:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3382:
3314:
3246:
3178:
3110:
3042:
2974:
2898:
2814:
2746:
2678:
2610:
2542:
2474:
2406:
2352:
2298:
2244:
2190:
2136:
2068:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1919:
1851:
1783:
1715:
1647:
1579:
1525:
1387:
1310:
1304:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1256:
1132:
in the 9th century, gradually displacing the various
946:
272:
9372:
Central Asia in Focus: Political and Economic Issues
8073:
442:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
8898:nationalism, a law was enacted declaring Tajik the
8399:
1031:used in Central and South Asia. It is used for the
990:. This letter is no longer used in Persian, as the
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
9476:
9260:, which was changed by the standard committees to
6725:("here"), the same form is used as in an isolated
3530:
507:
9654:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life
9534:Dynamics of Political Development in Central Asia
10611:
9623:
7820:, which is the typical rendering of "🇮🇷", the
456:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
9449:
7796:range. In Unicode 1.0 this symbol was known as
9503:
6657:Letters that do not link to a following letter
6618:
10111:
9706:
8934:and public life, although the banning of the
8630:
8623:
8616:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8588:
8581:
8574:
8567:
8560:
8095:
8089:
8083:
8051:
8021:
7990:
7959:
7925:
7907:
7841:
7801:
7754:
7722:
7709:
7678:
7672:
7662:
7649:
7606:
7599:
7589:
7475:
7392:
7347:
7317:
7270:
7236:
7224:
7200:
7194:
7188:
7176:
7083:
7008:
6947:
6765:
6754:
6743:
6732:
6715:
6704:
6698:
6692:
6686:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6662:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3838:
3832:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3691:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3593:
3521:
3514:
3443:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3375:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3307:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3239:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3171:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3103:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3035:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2967:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2891:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2807:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2739:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2671:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2603:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2535:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2467:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2399:
2387:
2380:
2345:
2333:
2326:
2291:
2279:
2272:
2237:
2225:
2218:
2183:
2171:
2164:
2129:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2061:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
1980:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1912:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1844:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1776:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1708:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1640:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1572:
1560:
1553:
1518:
1506:
1499:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1450:
1443:
1429:
1380:
1316:
1298:
1268:
1262:
1016:
1007:
977:
971:
664:
504:
266:
9554:. Royal Institute of International Affairs.
9477:Westerlund, David; Svanberg, Ingvar (1999).
9256:It proposes the character under the name of
8816:
8809:
8802:
8795:
8788:
8781:
8774:
8767:
8760:
8753:
8548:
8541:
8534:
8527:
8520:
8513:
8506:
8499:
8492:
8485:
8478:
7139:
6648:
5856:
695:
27:Writing system used for the Persian language
10054:Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature
9504:Gillespie, Kate; Henry, Clement M. (1995).
9089:. Cambridge University Press. p. 127.
9062:. Cambridge University Press. p. 256.
8938:in 1993 slowed adoption. In 1999, the word
6632:
3811:, there was a special letter for the sound
1273:. For clarification, they are often called
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
10118:
10104:
10044:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
9713:
9699:
9686:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
9134:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
9076:
8735:
8734:
8726:
8725:
8717:
8716:
8708:
8707:
8699:
8698:
8690:
8689:
8681:
8680:
8672:
8671:
8663:
8662:
8654:
8653:
8645:
8644:
7205:respectively become the proxy letters for
6620:
6527:
6520:
6485:
6478:
6469:
6363:
6354:
6242:
6233:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5989:
5982:
5975:
5968:
5887:
5771:
5746:
5737:
5722:
5615:
5608:
5593:
5512:
5493:
5474:
5459:
5358:
5347:
5232:
5225:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5180:
5171:
5158:
5057:
5050:
5035:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4483:
4474:
4465:
4456:
4447:
4438:
4429:
4420:
4411:
4402:
4393:
4384:
4375:
4366:
4357:
4348:
4339:
4330:
4321:
1315:", after the contextual middle letterform
1072:automatically join adjacent letter forms.
671:
657:
320:
9650:
9395:
9314:
9246:
8930:The Persian alphabet was introduced into
1092:in the 7th century. Following which, the
1060:The script is mostly but not exclusively
841:Official scripts of the Republic of India
248:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
9651:Gall, Timothy L.; Hobby, Jeneen (2009).
9287:
7141:
3819:. This letter is no longer used, as the
1230:
1049:for the Persian language, alongside the
193:This article includes a list of general
10070:List of English words of Persian origin
9574:
9190:"PERSIAN LANGUAGE i. Early New Persian"
9082:
9055:
9033:
9010:"PERSIAN LANGUAGE i. Early New Persian"
8878:Cyrillic Persian alphabet in Tajikistan
8406:Eastern Arabic numerals § Numerals
8082:, but the shapes of the digits 'four' (
6778:Persian script has adopted a subset of
6634:
487:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
10612:
9684:– The Official document in Persian by
9547:
9450:Banuazizi, Ali; Weiner, Myron (1994).
9368:
9315:Cavendish, Marshall (September 2006).
6714:is at the beginning of a word such as
4307:
10099:
9694:
9578:Central Asia, the Last Decolonization
9530:
9422:
4865:
4314:
3520:
3513:
1239:calligraphic style's proportion rules
292:" written in the Persian alphabet in
10125:
9720:
9051:
9049:
7361:Never used in the Persian language.
7250:
7175:which carries the short vowel, e.g.
6753:takes the final form and the letter
446:. For the distinction between ,
179:
106:adding citations to reliable sources
77:
36:
10075:List of French loanwords in Persian
9164:. Persianacademy.ir. Archived from
8817:
8810:
8803:
8796:
8789:
8782:
8775:
8768:
8761:
8754:
8736:
8727:
8718:
8709:
8700:
8691:
8682:
8673:
8664:
8655:
8646:
8631:
8624:
8617:
8610:
8603:
8596:
8589:
8582:
8575:
8568:
8561:
8549:
8542:
8535:
8528:
8521:
8514:
8507:
8500:
8493:
8486:
8479:
8096:
8090:
8084:
8052:
8022:
7991:
7960:
7908:
7842:
7802:
7723:
7710:
7679:
7673:
7663:
7650:
7607:
7600:
7590:
7476:
7463:
7393:
7348:
7318:
7266:
7237:
7225:
7201:
7195:
7189:
7177:
7152:
6766:
6755:
6744:
6733:
6716:
6705:
6699:
6693:
6687:
6681:
6675:
6669:
6663:
6649:
6528:
6521:
6486:
6479:
6364:
6243:
6234:
6080:
6073:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6045:
6038:
6027:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5888:
5772:
5747:
5738:
5723:
5616:
5609:
5594:
5513:
5494:
5475:
5460:
5359:
5348:
5233:
5226:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5181:
5172:
5159:
5058:
5051:
5036:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4484:
4475:
4466:
4457:
4448:
4439:
4430:
4421:
4412:
4403:
4394:
4385:
4376:
4367:
4358:
4349:
4340:
4331:
4322:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3839:
3833:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3692:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3594:
3522:
3515:
3444:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3376:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3308:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3240:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3172:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3104:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3036:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2968:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2892:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2808:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2740:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2672:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2604:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2536:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2468:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2400:
2388:
2381:
2346:
2334:
2327:
2292:
2280:
2273:
2238:
2226:
2219:
2184:
2172:
2165:
2130:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2062:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
1981:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1913:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1845:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1777:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1709:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1641:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1573:
1561:
1554:
1519:
1507:
1500:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1451:
1444:
1430:
1381:
1317:
1299:
1269:
1263:
1017:
1008:
978:
972:
936:
267:
32:Persian language § Orthography
24:
10049:Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
9581:. David Davies Memorial Institute.
9551:Turkey in Post-Soviet Central Asia
9218:The Unicode Standard, Version 13.0
8864:
4160:
1303:that uses the same base form) and
1120:language. In the 8th century, the
199:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
10651:
9675:
9247:Pournader, Roozbeh (2001-09-20).
9046:
8074:Deviations from the Arabic script
7526:is not a letter but a diacritic.
1324:
1244:corresponding to a letter in the
52:This article has multiple issues.
10594:
10593:
9396:Ehteshami, Anoushiravan (1994).
9348:. University of Michigan Press.
9234:The Unicode Standard Version 1.0
9109:
8749:
8400:Comparison of different numerals
7853:
1425:
1422:
1419:
910:
896:
882:
868:
467:
282:
184:
82:
41:
9644:
9617:
9601:
9585:
9568:
9541:
9524:
9510:. University Press of Florida.
9497:
9470:
9443:
9416:
9389:
9362:
9335:
9308:
9281:
9267:
9239:
9223:
8851:
8839:
8828:
8382:
7706:U+0644 (lām) and U+0627 (alef)
7154:
6890:
438:International Phonetic Alphabet
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
10085:Persian language in South Asia
9613:. Middle East Institute. 1990.
9402:. University of Exeter Press.
9207:
9182:
9151:
9122:
9103:
9086:A History of Islamic Societies
9027:
9002:
8894:. In 1989, with the growth in
1042:of Persian; and is one of two
970:with five additional letters:
710:Writing systems used in India
13:
1:
9597:. RFE/RL, Incorporated. 1990.
9294:. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar.
8995:
7906:. An additional fifth letter
6773:
1221:Tajik alphabet § History
9480:Islam Outside the Arab World
9456:. Indiana University Press.
7930:) but it is no longer used.
7736:
7698:
7689:
7638:
7632:
7625:
7571:
7564:
6849:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3621:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3531:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3451:
3390:
3322:
3254:
3186:
3118:
3050:
2982:
2906:
2822:
2754:
2686:
2618:
2550:
2482:
2414:
2360:
2306:
2252:
2198:
2144:
2076:
2008:
1927:
1859:
1791:
1723:
1655:
1587:
1533:
1397:
1116:vocabulary soon entered the
982:that was used for the sound
431: This article contains
7:
9230:"3.8 Block-by-block Charts"
8957:
8061:
8031:
8000:
7969:
7808:
7522:respectively. Technically,
7518:
7512:
7506:
7500:
7494:
7488:
7470:
7454:
7400:
7355:
7325:
7271:
7243:
7231:
7219:
7213:
7207:
7183:
7171:
7112:
7106:
7099:
7093:
7037:
7031:
7024:
7018:
6970:
6963:
6957:
6877:
6859:
6843:
6822:
6816:
6803:
6797:
6784:
6760:
6749:
6738:
6727:
6721:
6710:
3917:
3699:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3383:
3315:
3247:
3179:
3111:
3043:
2975:
2899:
2815:
2747:
2679:
2611:
2543:
2475:
2407:
2353:
2299:
2245:
2191:
2137:
2069:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1920:
1852:
1784:
1716:
1648:
1580:
1526:
1388:
1311:
1305:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1257:
966:. It is a variation of the
947:
273:
10:
10656:
9997:Romanized Persian alphabet
9627:The Middle East: A History
9548:Winrow, Gareth M. (1995).
9507:Oil in the New World Order
9288:Hämmerle, Christa (2008).
8918:Excessive citations inline
8403:
7846:, the Persian name of the
7413:
7254:
4159:
1297:, the name for the letter
1226:
1075:
29:
10589:
10428:
10228:
10133:
10062:
10036:
10023:Middle Persian literature
10010:
9962:
9932:
9899:
9815:
9807:Western Iranian languages
9789:
9728:
9630:. McGraw-Hill Education.
9575:Parsons, Anthony (1993).
9369:Buyers, Lydia M. (2003).
9258:ARABIC CURRENCY SIGN RIAL
9112:"Persian (Fārsī / فارسی)"
9040:Creating Standards (Book)
8936:Islamic Renaissance Party
7822:regional indicator symbol
7800:. It is a stylization of
7755:
7443:
7409:
7385:
7360:
7340:
7310:
7084:
7076:
7009:
7001:
6948:
6940:
6926:
6653:always has 2 dots below.
6538:
6535:
6470:
6462:
6408:
6405:
6355:
6347:
6287:
6284:
6226:
6087:
5964:
5910:
5907:
5857:
5852:
5786:
5783:
5718:
5652:
5649:
5589:
5523:
5520:
5455:
5401:
5398:
5343:
5247:
5244:
5154:
5094:
5091:
5031:
4872:
4727:
4669:
4627:
4610:
4552:
4510:
4493:
4317:
4298:The alphabet in 16 fonts:
4296:
3924:
3508:
3442:
3439:
2386:
2379:
2332:
2325:
2278:
2271:
2224:
2217:
2170:
2163:
1559:
1552:
1505:
1498:
1449:
1442:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1261:, which is used for both
1086:Muslim conquest of Persia
1027:It was the basis of many
505:
429:
398:
344:
339:
329:
311:
301:
281:
262:
9083:Lapidus, Ira M. (2002).
9056:Lapidus, Ira M. (2012).
8964:Scripts used for Persian
7816:. It also a part of the
848:Writing systems of India
412:Ottoman Turkish alphabet
9214:"Miscellaneous Symbols"
9034:Orsatti, Paola (2019).
8969:Romanization of Persian
8952:Tajik Cyrillic alphabet
8950:standard in use is the
8923:considered for deletion
8080:Eastern Arabic numerals
786:Arabic derived scripts
726:Bengali–Assamese script
434:phonetic transcriptions
214:more precise citations.
9817:Dialects and varieties
9797:Indo-Iranian languages
9483:. St. Martin's Press.
9429:. St. Martin's Press.
9423:Malik, Hafeez (1996).
9321:. Marshall Cavendish.
9245:For the proposal, see
7926:
7683:combinations instead.
7247:, meaning "package").
6847:in Arabic, pronounced
6742:("today"), the letter
4165:
1240:
1146:Indo-Iranian languages
700:
475:This article contains
9970:Old Persian cuneiform
9773:(c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)
9531:Badan, Phool (2001).
9318:World and Its Peoples
9130:"ویژگىهاى خطّ فارسى"
8872:zero-width non-joiner
8846:U+06F0 through U+06F9
8835:U+0660 through U+0669
7794:Miscellaneous Symbols
7779:Unicode has accepted
4164:
1309:(literally "two-eyed
1234:
951:), also known as the
809:Alphabetical scripts
699:
407:Kurdo-Arabic alphabet
10306:Marwari (Rajasthani)
7235:, meaning "new") or
4228:El Messiri SemiBold
3506:(only word-finally)
1235:Example showing the
1166:Classical Hindostani
1088:and the fall of the
1029:Arabic-based scripts
686:Part of a series on
352:Egyptian hieroglyphs
316:Right-to-left script
102:improve this article
10630:Persian orthography
9985:Persian calligraphy
9738:Proto-Indo-European
9610:Middle East Monitor
9375:. Nova Publishers.
8906:, placing the word
7945:Unicode code point
7840:that can represent
4308:Letter construction
4172:Noto Nastaliq Urdu
1246:Phoenician alphabet
953:Perso-Arabic script
903:Language portal
614:Perso-Arabic script
10018:Persian literature
9765:(c. 525 – 300 BCE)
9746:Proto-Indo-Iranian
9594:Report on the USSR
7433:(transliteration)
4196:Noto Naskh Arabic
4166:
3823:-sound changed to
1241:
1112:. A new influx of
1102:Persian literature
1040:standard varieties
998:-sound changed to
917:Writing portal
855:Languages of India
701:
117:"Persian alphabet"
10620:Persian alphabets
10607:
10606:
10093:
10092:
9948:
9900:Language features
9802:Iranian languages
9790:Language families
9782:
9774:
9766:
9758:
9750:
9742:
9664:978-1-4144-4892-3
9637:978-0-07-338562-4
9561:978-0-905031-99-6
9537:. Lancers' Books.
9517:978-0-8130-1367-1
9490:978-0-312-22691-6
9463:978-0-253-20918-4
9436:978-0-312-16452-2
9409:978-0-85989-451-7
9382:978-1-59033-153-8
9355:978-0-472-11226-5
9328:978-0-7614-7571-2
9301:978-3-412-20140-1
9096:978-0-521-77933-3
9069:978-0-521-51441-5
8979:Persian phonology
8946:. As of 2004 the
8824:
8823:
8378:
8377:
8078:Persian uses the
8071:
8070:
7773:
7772:
7461:
7460:
7440:
7407:
7406:
7382:
7337:
7307:
7297:(transliterated)
7251:Tanvin (nunation)
7161:Persian Phonology
7148:Persian Phonology
7137:
7136:
7073:
6998:
6937:
6921:(transliterated)
6780:Arabic diacritics
6731:. In the case of
6616:
6615:
4305:
4304:
4260:Noto Kufi Arabic
4212:Noto Sans Arabic
3915:
3914:
3809:Early New Persian
3807:Historically, in
3805:
3804:
1358:Contextual forms
1342:(transliterated)
1321:), respectively.
945:
925:
924:
731:Devanagari script
705:
704:
681:
680:
483:rendering support
463:
462:
258:
257:
250:
240:
239:
232:
178:
177:
170:
152:
75:
16:(Redirected from
10647:
10625:Arabic alphabets
10597:
10596:
10127:Arabic alphabets
10120:
10113:
10106:
10097:
10096:
10028:Tajik literature
9980:Persian alphabet
9944:
9825:Standard Persian
9780:
9772:
9764:
9756:
9748:
9740:
9722:Persian language
9715:
9708:
9701:
9692:
9691:
9669:
9668:
9648:
9642:
9641:
9621:
9615:
9614:
9605:
9599:
9598:
9589:
9583:
9582:
9572:
9566:
9565:
9545:
9539:
9538:
9528:
9522:
9521:
9501:
9495:
9494:
9474:
9468:
9467:
9447:
9441:
9440:
9420:
9414:
9413:
9393:
9387:
9386:
9366:
9360:
9359:
9339:
9333:
9332:
9312:
9306:
9305:
9285:
9279:
9278:
9271:
9265:
9263:
9259:
9255:
9253:
9243:
9237:
9227:
9221:
9211:
9205:
9204:
9202:
9200:
9186:
9180:
9179:
9177:
9176:
9170:
9163:
9155:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9145:
9136:. Archived from
9126:
9120:
9119:
9107:
9101:
9100:
9080:
9074:
9073:
9053:
9044:
9043:
9031:
9025:
9024:
9022:
9020:
9006:
8926:
8858:
8855:
8849:
8843:
8837:
8832:
8820:
8819:
8813:
8812:
8806:
8805:
8799:
8798:
8792:
8791:
8785:
8784:
8778:
8777:
8771:
8770:
8764:
8763:
8757:
8756:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8731:
8730:
8729:
8722:
8721:
8720:
8713:
8712:
8711:
8704:
8703:
8702:
8695:
8694:
8693:
8686:
8685:
8684:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8668:
8667:
8666:
8659:
8658:
8657:
8650:
8649:
8648:
8634:
8633:
8627:
8626:
8620:
8619:
8613:
8612:
8606:
8605:
8599:
8598:
8592:
8591:
8585:
8584:
8578:
8577:
8571:
8570:
8564:
8563:
8552:
8551:
8545:
8544:
8538:
8537:
8531:
8530:
8524:
8523:
8517:
8516:
8510:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8496:
8495:
8489:
8488:
8482:
8481:
8410:
8409:
8393:
8386:
8107:
8106:
8099:
8098:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8086:
8064:
8057:
8056:
8048:
8034:
8027:
8026:
8017:
8003:
7996:
7995:
7986:
7972:
7965:
7964:
7956:
7933:
7932:
7929:
7917:
7913:
7912:
7905:
7889:
7873:
7865:
7848:currency of Iran
7845:
7844:
7839:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7811:
7805:
7804:
7799:
7791:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7760:
7759:
7741:
7728:
7727:
7713:
7712:
7701:
7694:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7675:
7668:
7667:
7653:
7652:
7641:
7635:
7628:
7612:
7611:
7603:
7602:
7593:
7592:
7583:
7574:
7567:
7529:
7528:
7521:
7515:
7509:
7503:
7497:
7491:
7479:
7478:
7473:
7464:Other characters
7457:
7447:
7445:
7438:
7420:
7419:
7403:
7396:
7395:
7389:
7387:
7380:
7358:
7351:
7350:
7344:
7342:
7335:
7328:
7321:
7320:
7314:
7312:
7305:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7268:
7246:
7240:
7239:
7234:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7216:
7210:
7204:
7203:
7198:
7197:
7192:
7191:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7174:
7158:
7145:
7133:
7124:
7115:
7109:
7102:
7096:
7089:
7088:
7080:
7078:
7071:
7066:
7058:
7049:
7040:
7034:
7027:
7021:
7014:
7013:
7005:
7003:
6996:
6991:
6982:
6973:
6966:
6960:
6953:
6952:
6944:
6942:
6935:
6902:
6901:
6882:
6874:
6864:
6852:
6846:
6840:
6832:
6825:
6820:in Arabic), and
6819:
6813:
6806:
6800:
6794:
6787:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6724:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6701:
6696:
6695:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6683:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6665:
6652:
6651:
6638:
6624:
6531:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6489:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6473:
6472:
6367:
6366:
6358:
6357:
6246:
6245:
6237:
6236:
6083:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6069:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6030:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5993:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5891:
5890:
5860:
5859:
5775:
5774:
5750:
5749:
5741:
5740:
5726:
5725:
5619:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5597:
5596:
5516:
5515:
5497:
5496:
5478:
5477:
5463:
5462:
5362:
5361:
5351:
5350:
5236:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5214:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5184:
5183:
5175:
5174:
5162:
5161:
5061:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5039:
5038:
4861:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4723:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4606:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4489:
4488:
4480:
4479:
4471:
4470:
4462:
4461:
4453:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4435:
4434:
4426:
4425:
4417:
4416:
4408:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4390:
4389:
4381:
4380:
4372:
4371:
4363:
4362:
4354:
4353:
4345:
4344:
4336:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4312:
4311:
4236:Lemonada Medium
4155:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3922:
3921:
3906:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3878:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3822:
3818:
3801:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3694:
3683:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3649:
3641:
3633:
3624:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3597:
3596:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3534:
3525:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3454:
3447:
3446:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3402:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3378:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3334:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3310:
3299:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3266:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3242:
3231:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3198:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3174:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3130:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3062:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3038:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2994:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2970:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2926:
2918:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2894:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2850:
2842:
2834:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2810:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2742:
2731:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2698:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2674:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2630:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2494:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2470:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2426:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2402:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2348:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2264:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2210:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2186:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2132:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2088:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2020:
2011:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1915:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1871:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1803:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1735:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1599:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1575:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1545:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1521:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1412:
1400:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1345:Transliteration
1329:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1186:Turkic languages
1138:Greater Khorasan
1130:Saffarid dynasty
1023:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1005:
997:
989:
981:
980:
975:
974:
964:Persian language
950:
940:
938:
929:Persian alphabet
915:
914:
901:
900:
889:India portal
887:
886:
885:
873:
872:
755:Malayalam script
692:
691:
683:
682:
673:
666:
659:
607:
606:
605:
604:
498:Persian alphabet
494:
493:
471:
470:
459:
453:
449:
381:Persian alphabet
325:
324:
306:Abjad
286:
276:
270:
269:
263:Persian alphabet
260:
259:
253:
246:
235:
228:
224:
221:
215:
210:this article by
201:inline citations
188:
187:
180:
173:
166:
162:
159:
153:
151:
110:
86:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
10655:
10654:
10650:
10649:
10648:
10646:
10645:
10644:
10640:Persian scripts
10610:
10609:
10608:
10603:
10585:
10530:Koyraboro Senni
10424:
10301:Ottoman Turkish
10224:
10203:Ottoman Turkish
10129:
10124:
10094:
10089:
10058:
10032:
10006:
10002:Persian Braille
9975:Pahlavi scripts
9958:
9940:Persian grammar
9928:
9895:
9857:Kuwaiti Persian
9811:
9785:
9724:
9719:
9678:
9673:
9672:
9665:
9649:
9645:
9638:
9622:
9618:
9607:
9606:
9602:
9591:
9590:
9586:
9573:
9569:
9562:
9546:
9542:
9529:
9525:
9518:
9502:
9498:
9491:
9475:
9471:
9464:
9448:
9444:
9437:
9421:
9417:
9410:
9394:
9390:
9383:
9367:
9363:
9356:
9340:
9336:
9329:
9313:
9309:
9302:
9286:
9282:
9273:
9272:
9268:
9261:
9257:
9251:
9244:
9240:
9228:
9224:
9212:
9208:
9198:
9196:
9188:
9187:
9183:
9174:
9172:
9168:
9161:
9157:
9156:
9152:
9143:
9141:
9128:
9127:
9123:
9108:
9104:
9097:
9081:
9077:
9070:
9054:
9047:
9032:
9028:
9018:
9016:
9008:
9007:
9003:
8998:
8974:Persian braille
8960:
8911:
8882:As part of the
8880:
8867:
8865:Word boundaries
8862:
8861:
8856:
8852:
8844:
8840:
8833:
8829:
8475:Eastern Arabic
8408:
8402:
8397:
8396:
8387:
8383:
8371:
8363:
8350:
8342:
8329:
8321:
8308:
8300:
8287:
8279:
8266:
8258:
8245:
8237:
8224:
8216:
8203:
8195:
8182:
8174:
8161:
8153:
8140:
8132:
8076:
7856:
7837:
7834:
7829:
7828:
7797:
7789:
7786:
7781:
7780:
7466:
7442:
7441:
7432:
7427:
7418:
7412:
7384:
7383:
7339:
7338:
7309:
7308:
7296:
7291:
7282:
7259:
7253:
7086:
7075:
7074:
7011:
7000:
6999:
6950:
6939:
6938:
6920:
6915:
6906:
6893:
6855:Western Persian
6776:
6661:Seven letters (
6659:
6645:standard Arabic
4310:
4220:Baloo Bhaijaan
3920:
3831:, e.g. archaic
3650:(word-finally)
1341:
1336:
1327:
1250:Arabic alphabet
1229:
1210:Uyghur language
1134:Pahlavi scripts
1126:Samanid dynasty
1122:Tahirid dynasty
1090:Sasanian Empire
1082:Arabic alphabet
1078:
1070:word processors
1047:writing systems
1006:, e.g. archaic
948:Alefbâ-ye Fârsi
921:
909:
895:
883:
881:
875:Asia portal
867:
859:
827:
818:Ol Chiki script
804:
781:
743:Gurmukhi script
738:Gujarati script
716:Brahmic scripts
677:
623:Transliteration
612:
506:
492:
491:
490:
481:Without proper
472:
468:
430:
401:
394:
347:
340:Related scripts
319:
307:
297:
277:
274:Alefbâ-ye Fârsi
271:
264:
254:
243:
242:
241:
236:
225:
219:
216:
206:Please help to
205:
189:
185:
174:
163:
157:
154:
111:
109:
99:
87:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10653:
10643:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10605:
10604:
10602:
10601:
10590:
10587:
10586:
10584:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10563:
10558:
10552:
10543:
10538:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10432:
10430:
10426:
10425:
10423:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10376:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10232:
10230:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10222:
10216:
10210:
10208:Serbo-Croatian
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10188:Dobrujan Tatar
10185:
10180:
10174:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10137:
10135:
10131:
10130:
10123:
10122:
10115:
10108:
10100:
10091:
10090:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10066:
10064:
10060:
10059:
10057:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10040:
10038:
10034:
10033:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10014:
10012:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9992:Tajik alphabet
9989:
9988:
9987:
9977:
9972:
9966:
9964:
9963:Writing system
9960:
9959:
9957:
9956:
9951:
9950:
9949:
9936:
9934:
9930:
9929:
9927:
9926:
9921:
9920:
9919:
9914:
9903:
9901:
9897:
9896:
9894:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9843:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9821:
9819:
9813:
9812:
9810:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9793:
9791:
9787:
9786:
9784:
9783:
9775:
9770:Middle Persian
9767:
9759:
9751:
9743:
9734:
9732:
9726:
9725:
9718:
9717:
9710:
9703:
9695:
9689:
9688:
9677:
9676:External links
9674:
9671:
9670:
9663:
9643:
9636:
9616:
9600:
9584:
9567:
9560:
9540:
9523:
9516:
9496:
9489:
9469:
9462:
9442:
9435:
9415:
9408:
9388:
9381:
9361:
9354:
9334:
9327:
9307:
9300:
9280:
9266:
9238:
9222:
9206:
9194:Iranica Online
9181:
9150:
9121:
9102:
9095:
9075:
9068:
9045:
9026:
9014:Iranica Online
9000:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8993:
8992:
8986:
8984:Abjad numerals
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8959:
8956:
8900:state language
8879:
8876:
8866:
8863:
8860:
8859:
8850:
8838:
8826:
8825:
8822:
8821:
8814:
8807:
8800:
8793:
8786:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8751:
8748:
8746:Abjad numerals
8742:
8741:
8732:
8723:
8714:
8705:
8696:
8687:
8678:
8669:
8660:
8651:
8642:
8636:
8635:
8628:
8621:
8614:
8607:
8600:
8593:
8586:
8579:
8572:
8565:
8558:
8554:
8553:
8546:
8539:
8532:
8525:
8518:
8511:
8504:
8497:
8490:
8483:
8476:
8472:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8414:Western Arabic
8401:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8380:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8355:
8354:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8334:
8333:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8313:
8312:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8292:
8291:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8271:
8270:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8250:
8249:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8229:
8228:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8187:
8186:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8166:
8165:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8145:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8124:
8123:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8094:), and 'six' (
8075:
8072:
8069:
8068:
8065:
8058:
8049:
8039:
8038:
8035:
8028:
8019:
8008:
8007:
8004:
7997:
7988:
7977:
7976:
7973:
7966:
7957:
7947:
7946:
7943:
7940:
7937:
7855:
7852:
7814:emblem of Iran
7812:) used as the
7798:SYMBOL OF IRAN
7771:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7761:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7720:
7717:
7714:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7695:
7685:
7684:
7669:
7660:
7657:
7654:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7629:
7621:
7620:
7613:
7604:
7597:
7594:
7587:
7584:
7575:
7568:
7560:
7559:
7556:
7553:
7550:
7547:
7544:
7541:
7536:
7535:Pronunciation
7533:
7465:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7451:
7448:
7435:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7414:Main article:
7411:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7397:
7390:
7377:
7376:
7359:
7352:
7345:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7322:
7315:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7255:Main article:
7252:
7249:
7135:
7134:
7125:
7116:
7103:
7090:
7081:
7068:
7067:
7050:
7041:
7028:
7015:
7006:
6993:
6992:
6983:
6974:
6967:
6954:
6945:
6932:
6931:
6925:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6892:
6889:
6775:
6772:
6658:
6655:
6614:
6613:
6605:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6561:
6553:
6551:
6537:
6533:
6532:
6525:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6483:
6476:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6417:
6415:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6361:
6359:
6352:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6302:
6300:
6286:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6240:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6223:
6215:
6207:
6199:
6191:
6183:
6175:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6155:
6147:
6139:
6131:
6123:
6121:
6113:
6105:
6097:
6089:
6085:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5811:
5809:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5785:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5744:
5742:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5681:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5651:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5522:
5518:
5517:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5400:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5345:
5344:2 dots below
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5328:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5280:
5278:
5270:
5268:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5185:
5178:
5176:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5117:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5093:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5020:
5012:
5004:
4996:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4932:
4924:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4481:
4472:
4463:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4427:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4391:
4382:
4373:
4364:
4355:
4346:
4337:
4328:
4319:
4316:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4244:Changa Medium
4242:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4157:
4156:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3855:Isolated form
3853:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3769:
3735:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3651:
3625:
3618:
3598:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3561:
3536:
3527:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3507:
3481:
3456:
3448:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3403:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3335:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3267:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3199:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3131:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2995:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2927:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2851:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2767:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2631:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2427:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2012:
2005:
1985:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1804:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1668:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1401:
1394:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1326:
1325:Overview table
1323:
1228:
1225:
1077:
1074:
1055:Tajik alphabet
923:
922:
920:
919:
906:
905:
892:
891:
878:
877:
864:
861:
860:
858:
857:
851:
850:
844:
843:
837:
834:
833:
829:
828:
826:
825:
820:
814:
811:
810:
806:
805:
803:
802:
797:
795:Persian script
791:
788:
787:
783:
782:
780:
779:
774:
768:
767:
762:
757:
751:
750:
748:Kannada script
745:
740:
734:
733:
728:
722:
719:
718:
712:
711:
707:
706:
703:
702:
688:
687:
679:
678:
676:
675:
668:
661:
653:
650:
649:
648:
647:
642:
637:
636:
635:
625:
617:
616:
609:
608:
501:
500:
485:, you may see
473:
466:
465:
464:
461:
460:
454:⟩, see
427:
426:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
402:
399:
396:
395:
393:
392:
391:
390:
389:
388:
387:
386:
385:
384:
383:
382:
357:Proto-Sinaitic
350:
348:
346:Parent systems
345:
342:
341:
337:
336:
331:
327:
326:
313:
309:
308:
305:
303:
299:
298:
287:
279:
278:
265:
256:
255:
238:
237:
220:September 2015
192:
190:
183:
176:
175:
158:September 2015
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10652:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10617:
10615:
10600:
10592:
10591:
10588:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10571:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10561:Swahili Ajami
10559:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10433:
10431:
10427:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10233:
10231:
10227:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10183:Crimean Tatar
10181:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10138:
10136:
10132:
10128:
10121:
10116:
10114:
10109:
10107:
10102:
10101:
10098:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10067:
10065:
10061:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10041:
10039:
10037:Organizations
10035:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10015:
10013:
10009:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9986:
9983:
9982:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9967:
9965:
9961:
9955:
9954:Tajik grammar
9952:
9947:
9943:
9942:
9941:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9931:
9925:
9922:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9909:
9908:
9905:
9904:
9902:
9898:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9875:
9870:
9868:
9867:Judeo-Persian
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9827:
9826:
9823:
9822:
9820:
9818:
9814:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9794:
9792:
9788:
9779:
9776:
9771:
9768:
9763:
9760:
9757:(c. 1500 BCE)
9755:
9754:Proto-Iranian
9752:
9749:(c. 2000 BCE)
9747:
9744:
9741:(c. 3000 BCE)
9739:
9736:
9735:
9733:
9731:
9727:
9723:
9716:
9711:
9709:
9704:
9702:
9697:
9696:
9693:
9687:
9683:
9682:Dastoore khat
9680:
9679:
9666:
9660:
9656:
9655:
9647:
9639:
9633:
9629:
9628:
9620:
9612:
9611:
9604:
9596:
9595:
9588:
9580:
9579:
9571:
9563:
9557:
9553:
9552:
9544:
9536:
9535:
9527:
9519:
9513:
9509:
9508:
9500:
9492:
9486:
9482:
9481:
9473:
9465:
9459:
9455:
9454:
9446:
9438:
9432:
9428:
9427:
9419:
9411:
9405:
9401:
9400:
9392:
9384:
9378:
9374:
9373:
9365:
9357:
9351:
9347:
9346:
9338:
9330:
9324:
9320:
9319:
9311:
9303:
9297:
9293:
9292:
9284:
9276:
9270:
9250:
9242:
9236:. Unicode.org
9235:
9231:
9226:
9220:. Unicode.org
9219:
9215:
9210:
9195:
9191:
9185:
9171:on 2015-09-24
9167:
9160:
9154:
9140:on 2017-09-07
9139:
9135:
9131:
9125:
9117:
9113:
9110:Ager, Simon.
9106:
9098:
9092:
9088:
9087:
9079:
9071:
9065:
9061:
9060:
9052:
9050:
9041:
9037:
9030:
9015:
9011:
9005:
9001:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8961:
8955:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8941:
8937:
8933:
8928:
8924:
8920:
8919:
8915:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8884:russification
8875:
8873:
8854:
8847:
8842:
8836:
8831:
8827:
8815:
8808:
8801:
8794:
8787:
8780:
8773:
8766:
8759:
8752:
8747:
8744:
8743:
8733:
8724:
8715:
8706:
8697:
8688:
8679:
8670:
8661:
8652:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8629:
8622:
8615:
8608:
8601:
8594:
8587:
8580:
8573:
8566:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8547:
8540:
8533:
8526:
8519:
8512:
8505:
8498:
8491:
8484:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8407:
8391:
8385:
8381:
8373:
8368:
8365:
8360:
8357:
8356:
8352:
8347:
8344:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8331:
8326:
8323:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8310:
8305:
8302:
8297:
8294:
8293:
8289:
8284:
8281:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8268:
8263:
8260:
8255:
8252:
8251:
8247:
8242:
8239:
8234:
8231:
8230:
8226:
8221:
8218:
8213:
8210:
8209:
8205:
8200:
8197:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8184:
8179:
8176:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8163:
8158:
8155:
8150:
8147:
8146:
8142:
8137:
8134:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8121:
8118:
8115:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8081:
8066:
8063:
8059:
8055:
8050:
8046:
8041:
8040:
8036:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8009:
8005:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7978:
7974:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7958:
7954:
7949:
7948:
7944:
7941:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7931:
7928:
7924:
7921:
7914:was used for
7911:
7903:
7897:
7893:
7887:
7881:
7877:
7871:
7863:
7854:Novel letters
7851:
7849:
7825:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7810:
7795:
7777:
7768:
7765:
7762:
7758:
7753:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7733:
7730:
7726:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7696:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7686:
7670:
7666:
7661:
7658:
7655:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7634:
7630:
7627:
7623:
7622:
7618:
7614:
7610:
7605:
7598:
7595:
7588:
7585:
7581:
7576:
7573:
7569:
7566:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7551:
7548:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7520:
7514:
7508:
7502:
7496:
7490:
7485:
7484:
7472:
7456:
7452:
7449:
7437:
7436:
7430:
7428:(in Persian)
7425:
7422:
7421:
7417:
7402:
7398:
7391:
7379:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7368:
7366:
7357:
7353:
7346:
7334:
7333:
7330:
7327:
7323:
7316:
7311:َاً، ـاً، ءً
7304:
7303:
7299:
7294:
7292:(in Persian)
7289:
7286:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7273:
7264:
7258:
7248:
7245:
7233:
7221:
7215:
7209:
7185:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7156:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7143:
7131:
7126:
7122:
7117:
7114:
7108:
7104:
7101:
7095:
7091:
7082:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7056:
7051:
7047:
7042:
7039:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7020:
7016:
7007:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6980:
6975:
6972:
6968:
6965:
6959:
6955:
6946:
6934:
6933:
6930:
6929:(Farsi/Dari)
6923:
6918:
6916:(in Persian)
6913:
6910:
6904:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6888:
6886:
6881:
6880:
6872:
6869:
6863:
6862:
6856:
6851:
6845:
6838:
6830:
6824:
6818:
6811:
6805:
6799:
6792:
6786:
6781:
6771:
6762:
6751:
6740:
6729:
6723:
6712:
6654:
6646:
6642:
6637:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6623:
6622:
6612:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6534:
6526:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6484:
6477:
6475:
6468:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6362:
6360:
6353:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6241:
6239:
6232:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6086:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5745:
5743:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5721:
5719:3 dots above
5717:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5592:
5590:3 dots below
5588:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5519:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5458:
5456:2 dots above
5454:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5431:
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5425:
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5409:
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5397:
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5386:
5384:
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5380:
5378:
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5364:
5357:
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5346:
5342:
5339:
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5332:
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5319:
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5308:
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5300:
5297:
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5264:
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5250:
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5240:
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5231:
5224:
5222:
5220:
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5209:
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5195:
5188:
5186:
5179:
5177:
5170:
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5157:
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5136:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5118:
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5113:
5110:
5108:
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5100:
5097:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4726:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4620:
4613:
4609:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4503:
4496:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4313:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4204:Markazi Text
4203:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4180:Scheherazade
4179:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3923:
3911:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3864:Initial form
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3837:/zaβān/ >
3828:
3816:
3810:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3614:hā-ye do-češm
3609:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3438:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1337:(in Persian)
1330:
1322:
1313:
1307:
1306:hâ-ye do-češm
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:right-to-left
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1003:
995:
987:
969:
968:Arabic script
965:
962:used for the
961:
958:
957:right-to-left
954:
949:
943:
934:
930:
918:
913:
908:
907:
904:
899:
894:
893:
890:
880:
879:
876:
871:
866:
865:
863:
862:
856:
853:
852:
849:
846:
845:
842:
839:
838:
836:
835:
831:
830:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
812:
808:
807:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
790:
789:
785:
784:
778:
777:Telugu script
775:
773:
770:
769:
766:
763:
761:
760:Meitei script
758:
756:
753:
752:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
720:
717:
714:
713:
709:
708:
698:
694:
693:
690:
689:
685:
684:
674:
669:
667:
662:
660:
655:
654:
652:
651:
646:
643:
641:
638:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
619:
618:
615:
611:
610:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
503:
502:
499:
496:
495:
488:
484:
480:
478:
457:
445:
441:
439:
435:
428:
423:
422:Urdu alphabet
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
403:
400:Child systems
397:
380:
379:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
369:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
359:
358:
355:
354:
353:
349:
343:
338:
335:
332:
328:
323:
317:
314:
310:
304:
300:
295:
291:
285:
280:
275:
261:
252:
249:
234:
231:
223:
213:
209:
203:
202:
196:
191:
182:
181:
172:
169:
161:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119: –
118:
114:
113:Find sources:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
10525:Koyra Chiini
10347:
10170:Circassian (
10063:Other topics
9979:
9873:
9653:
9646:
9626:
9619:
9609:
9603:
9593:
9587:
9577:
9570:
9550:
9543:
9533:
9526:
9506:
9499:
9479:
9472:
9452:
9445:
9425:
9418:
9398:
9391:
9371:
9364:
9344:
9337:
9317:
9310:
9290:
9283:
9269:
9241:
9233:
9225:
9217:
9209:
9197:. Retrieved
9193:
9184:
9173:. Retrieved
9166:the original
9153:
9142:. Retrieved
9138:the original
9124:
9115:
9105:
9085:
9078:
9058:
9039:
9029:
9017:. Retrieved
9013:
9004:
8947:
8943:
8939:
8929:
8916:
8907:
8892:Soviet Union
8888:Central Asia
8881:
8868:
8853:
8841:
8830:
8384:
8077:
7919:
7895:
7891:
7879:
7875:
7857:
7826:
7818:flag of Iran
7790:FARSI SYMBOL
7778:
7774:
7616:
7555:Stand-alone
7523:
7481:
7467:
7401:Tanvine rafʿ
7394:تنوین رَفْعْ
7369:
7362:
7356:Tanvine jarr
7326:Tanvine nasb
7319:تنوین نَصْبْ
7260:
7164:
7153:
7151:
7140:
7138:
6928:
6905:Short vowels
6894:
6891:Short vowels
6861:tanwīne nasb
6801:in Arabic),
6777:
6660:
6640:
6633:
6631:
6619:
6617:
5155:1 dot above
5032:1 dot below
4297:
3909:
3861:Medial form
3846:'language'.
3806:
3608:hā-ye havvaz
1404:Glottal stop
1279:(literally "
1254:
1242:
1217:Soviet Union
1214:
1202:Chaharmahali
1148:, including
1142:
1079:
1059:
1026:
1024:'language'.
952:
937:الفبای فارسی
928:
926:
823:Latin script
794:
772:Tamil script
497:
477:Persian text
476:
474:
450:and ⟨
432:
268:الفبای فارسی
244:
226:
217:
198:
164:
155:
145:
138:
131:
124:
112:
100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
18:Perso-Arabic
10555:Tawellemmet
10550:Air Tamajeq
10506:Serer Ajami
10491:Hausa Ajami
10475:Fuuta Tooro
10470:Fuuta Jalon
10420:Xiao'erjing
10241:Azerbaijani
10156:Azerbaijani
9872:Judeo-Tat (
9778:New Persian
9762:Old Persian
8390:Nile Valley
8088:), 'five' (
7374:education.
7370:complement
7367:nations to
6650:ي يـ ـيـ ـي
5853:line above
3858:Final form
3455:(in Farsi)
1995:ḥâ-ye ḥotti
1190:Azerbaijani
800:Urdu script
765:Odia script
302:Script type
212:introducing
10614:Categories
10451:Fula Ajami
10256:Burushaski
10251:Buri Wolio
10161:Belarusian
10011:Literature
9907:Vocabulary
9781:(from 800)
9175:2015-09-05
9144:2017-08-05
8996:References
8404:See also:
7824:for Iran.
7565:alef madde
7363:Taught in
7349:تنوین جَرّ
7261:Nunation (
7167:inflection
6885:gemination
6774:Diacritics
4268:Reem Kufi
3535:(in Dari)
2001:ḥâ-ye jimi
1276:ḥä-ye jimi
645:Numeration
628:Diacritics
362:Phoenician
195:references
128:newspapers
57:improve it
10635:Alphabets
10436:Afrikaans
10385:Sulat Sug
10379:Kohistani
10368:Shahmukhi
10296:Malayalam
10261:Cham Jawi
10219:Yaña imlâ
10214:İske imlâ
10177:Kabardian
10146:Aljamiado
9924:Phonology
9262:RIAL SIGN
8989:Nastaʿlīq
8932:education
8921:is being
7838:RIAL SIGN
7285:vocalized
6909:vocalized
4318:isolated
4284:Jomhuria
3768:in Dari)
3734:in Dari)
1372:Isolated
1237:Nastaʿlīq
955:, is the
942:romanized
417:Shahmukhi
372:Nabataean
330:Languages
312:Direction
63:talk page
10599:Category
10566:Wadaad's
10511:Shimaore
10446:Comorain
10353:Rohingya
10317:Sarikoli
10271:Kashmiri
10141:Albanian
9847:Hazaragi
9657:. Gale.
9216:. p. 4.
9199:18 March
9116:Omniglot
9019:18 March
8958:See also
8948:de facto
8914:template
8557:Persian
8122:Unicode
7835:﷼
7787:☫
7691:lām alef
7552:Initial
7543:Unicode
7474:. As to
7471:lâm alef
7281:Nunation
7257:Nunation
6647:version
6639:Persian
6536:Unicode
6406:Unicode
6285:Unicode
6088:Unicode
5908:Unicode
5784:Unicode
5650:Unicode
5521:Unicode
5399:Unicode
5245:Unicode
5092:Unicode
4276:Lalezar
3918:Variants
3844:/zæbɒːn/
3722:/ (Also
1369:Initial
1291:" after
1182:Kashmiri
1051:Cyrillic
1044:official
960:alphabet
832:Related
640:Numerals
448:/ /
444:Help:IPA
294:Nastaliq
10520:Humburi
10516:Songhay
10496:Kanembu
10486:Kibushi
10480:Maasina
10465:Nigeria
10460:Bagirmi
10455:Adamawa
10400:Turkmen
10395:Torwali
10374:Gilgiti
10372:Shina (
10358:Saraiki
10348:Persian
10333:Parkari
10322:Shughni
10312:Munjani
10310:Pamir (
10286:Kurdish
10246:Balochi
10212:Tatar (
10166:Chechen
9933:Grammar
9891:Dehwari
9886:Sistani
9881:Bukhori
9830:Iranian
9730:History
8927:
8904:Persian
8374:U+0643
8353:U+064A
8345:U+06CC
8332:U+0669
8311:U+0668
8290:U+0667
8269:U+0666
8248:U+0665
8227:U+0664
8206:U+0663
8185:U+0662
8164:U+0661
8143:U+0660
8116:Unicode
8113:Persian
8102:Unicode
8067:U+06AF
8037:U+0698
8006:U+0686
7975:U+067E
7923:Spanish
7896:measure
7792:in the
7748:U+0640
7646:U+06C0
7586:U+0622
7549:Medial
7446:
7423:Symbol
7388:
7365:Islamic
7343:
7313:
7283:(fully
7263:Persian
7223:, e.g.
7079:
7004:
6943:
6927:Value
6924:Trans.
6907:(fully
6210:0648. .
5015:0648. .
4874:Unicode
4315:forms
4292:Rakkas
4188:Lateef
1366:Medial
1354:Unicode
1227:Letters
1198:Qashqai
1194:Turkmen
1174:Panjabi
1170:Saraiki
1154:Balochi
1150:Kurdish
1118:Persian
1110:Persian
1076:History
1066:cursive
1053:-based
1033:Iranian
1022:/zæbɒn/
1013:/zaβɑn/
973:پ چ ژ گ
944::
933:Persian
436:in the
367:Aramaic
334:Persian
208:improve
142:scholar
10581:Yoruba
10570:Somali
10546:Tuareg
10541:Sorabe
10441:Berber
10429:Africa
10410:Uyghur
10363:Sindhi
10338:Pashto
10291:Kyrgyz
10281:Khowar
10276:Kazakh
10236:Arabic
10193:Kazakh
10172:Adyghe
10134:Europe
9874:Juhuri
9835:Afghan
9661:
9634:
9558:
9514:
9487:
9460:
9433:
9406:
9379:
9352:
9325:
9298:
9093:
9066:
8750:
8366:U+06A9
8324:U+06F9
8303:U+06F8
8282:U+06F7
8261:U+06F6
8240:U+06F5
8219:U+06F4
8198:U+06F3
8177:U+06F2
8156:U+06F1
8135:U+06F0
8119:Arabic
7939:Shape
7936:Sound
7832:
7830:U+FDFC
7784:
7782:U+262B
7738:kašida
7558:Notes
7546:Final
7455:tašdid
7450:تشدید
7416:Shadda
7410:Tašdid
7300:Notes
7287:text)
7272:tanvin
7244:bast-e
7087:(ضمّه)
7012:(کسره)
6951:(فتحه)
6911:text)
6879:šaddah
6844:ḍammah
6817:kasrah
6798:fatḥah
6608:06C0 .
6600:0624 .
6564:0626 .
6556:0623 .
6466:above
6420:0625 .
6351:below
6305:0622 .
6230:above
6218:0647 .
6202:0631 .
6194:062F .
6186:0645 .
6178:0644 .
6170:066F .
6158:0639 .
6150:0637 .
6142:0635 .
6134:0633 .
6126:062D .
6116:06BA .
6108:0649 .
6100:0627 .
6092:0621 .
5944:06AF .
5840:0698 .
5814:0634 .
5804:062B .
5684:0686 .
5676:067E .
5581:0629 .
5561:0642 .
5541:062A .
5415:06CC .
5331:0632 .
5323:0630 .
5307:0641 .
5299:063A .
5291:0638 .
5283:0636 .
5273:062E .
5263:0646 .
5120:062C .
5112:0628 .
5023:0647 .
5007:0631 .
4999:062F .
4991:0645 .
4983:0644 .
4975:066F .
4967:066F .
4959:06A1 .
4951:0639 .
4943:0637 .
4935:0635 .
4927:0633 .
4919:062D .
4911:066E .
4903:06BA .
4895:0649 .
4887:0627 .
4879:0621 .
4494:start
3852:Sound
3772:U+06CC
3654:U+0647
3634:, or
3510:U+0648
3406:U+0646
3338:U+0645
3270:U+0644
3202:U+06AF
3134:U+06A9
3066:U+0642
2998:U+0641
2930:U+063A
2854:U+0639
2770:U+0638
2702:U+0637
2634:U+0636
2566:U+0635
2498:U+0634
2430:U+0633
2376:U+0698
2322:U+0632
2268:U+0631
2214:U+0630
2160:U+062F
2092:U+062E
2024:U+062D
1943:U+0686
1875:U+062C
1807:U+062B
1739:U+062A
1671:U+067E
1603:U+0628
1549:U+0627
1495:U+0624
1460:U+0626
1439:U+0623
1416:U+0621
1363:Final
1285:-like
1208:. The
1206:Khalaj
1178:Sindhi
1164:(from
1158:Pashto
1114:Arabic
1106:Arabic
1098:Persia
1094:Arabic
452:
377:Arabic
318:
197:, but
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
10576:Wolof
10535:Zarma
10415:Uzbek
10390:Tamil
10343:Pegon
10327:Wakhi
9946:Ezāfe
9917:Verbs
9912:Nouns
9852:Aimaq
9840:Tajik
9252:(PDF)
9169:(PDF)
9162:(PDF)
8944:Tajik
8940:Farsi
8912:‹The
8908:Farsi
8896:Tajik
8018:(zh)
7987:(ch)
7942:Name
7927:huevo
7880:chair
7809:Allah
7639:-eyeh
7626:he ye
7582:]
7578:[
7532:Name
7524:hamza
7483:hamza
7372:Quran
7267:تنوین
7208:zebar
7178:اُمید
6964:zibar
6958:zebar
6897:sukūn
6850:zamme
6785:zabar
6739:emruz
6734:امروز
6717:اینجا
6627:i'jam
6464:Hamza
6349:Hamza
6228:madda
5965:none
4867:i'jam
4252:Mada
3867:Name
3766:]
3762:[
3758:]
3754:[
3750:]
3746:[
3742:]
3738:[
3648:]
3644:[
3640:]
3636:[
3632:]
3628:[
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3580:[
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3572:[
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3564:[
3504:]
3500:[
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3492:[
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3484:[
3401:]
3397:[
3333:]
3329:[
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3261:[
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3193:[
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3125:[
3061:]
3057:[
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2989:[
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2921:[
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2913:[
2849:]
2845:[
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2837:[
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2829:[
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2761:[
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2693:[
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2625:[
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2557:[
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2489:[
2425:]
2421:[
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2367:[
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2313:[
2263:]
2259:[
2209:]
2205:[
2155:]
2151:[
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2083:[
2019:]
2015:[
1938:]
1934:[
1870:]
1866:[
1802:]
1798:[
1734:]
1730:[
1666:]
1662:[
1598:]
1594:[
1544:]
1540:[
1527:ʾalef
1411:]
1407:[
1390:hamze
1015:>
1004:]
1000:[
996:]
992:[
633:Hamza
440:(IPA)
296:style
290:Fârsi
149:JSTOR
135:books
10501:Maba
10405:Urdu
10266:Jawi
10229:Asia
10151:Avar
9659:ISBN
9632:ISBN
9556:ISBN
9512:ISBN
9485:ISBN
9458:ISBN
9431:ISBN
9404:ISBN
9377:ISBN
9350:ISBN
9323:ISBN
9296:ISBN
9201:2019
9159:"??"
9091:ISBN
9064:ISBN
9021:2019
8640:Urdu
8110:Name
7920:v in
7843:ریال
7803:الله
7674:ـهی
7633:-eye
7617:alef
7519:alef
7501:alef
7439:0651
7431:Name
7426:Name
7381:064C
7336:064D
7306:064B
7295:Name
7290:Name
7238:بسته
7217:and
7199:and
7184:omid
7172:alef
7072:064F
6997:0650
6936:064E
6919:Name
6914:Name
6875:and
6728:alef
6722:injâ
6711:alef
6635:^ii.
6625:The
6546:0654
6540:0674
6471:ــٔـ
6410:0655
6356:ــٕـ
6295:0653
6289:06E4
5912:203E
5788:FBB6
5660:FBB7
5654:FBB9
5525:FBB4
5403:FBB5
5249:FBB2
5096:FBB3
4728:end
4611:mid
3840:زبان
3834:زڤان
3760:( /
3642:and
3578:, ,
3490:, ,
2900:ġayn
2816:ʿayn
1382:همزه
1340:Name
1335:Name
1267:and
1204:and
1180:and
1162:Urdu
1124:and
1108:and
1037:Dari
1035:and
1018:زبان
1009:زڤان
927:The
121:news
10198:Lak
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8886:of
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8062:gâf
7983:t͡ʃ
7916:/β/
7898:),
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7882:),
7878:in
7870:t͡ʃ
7711:ـلا
7680:هی
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7636:or
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7516:or
7507:vâv
7498:or
7489:vâv
7341:ٍِ
7232:now
7220:piš
7214:zir
7155:^b.
7142:^a.
7100:piš
7094:peš
7085:پیش
7025:zir
7019:zer
7010:زیر
6949:زبر
6857:),
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6833:or
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6823:pēš
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6761:vâv
6621:^i.
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4693:ـمـ
4686:ـلـ
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4665:ـعـ
4658:ـطـ
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4637:ـحـ
4630:ـٮـ
3897:ـڤـ
3821:/β/
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3688:32
3667:ـهـ
3590:31
3532:wâw
3452:vâv
3445:واو
3440:30
3419:ـنـ
3384:nun
3377:نون
3372:29
3351:ـمـ
3316:mim
3309:میم
3304:28
3283:ـلـ
3248:lâm
3241:لام
3236:27
3215:ـگـ
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3173:گاف
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1936:t͡ʃ
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