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by Gary Cook of the
University of Arizona, begin by studying the physical characteristics of instruments and the methods by which they can produce sound. This is perhaps the most scientifically pleasing assignment of nomenclature whereas the other paradigms are more dependent on historical or social
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or the ride cymbal when the word-swing is spoken. In more recent popular-music culture, it is almost impossible to name three or four rock, hip-hop, rap, funk or even soul charts or songs that do not have some sort of percussive beat keeping the tune in time.
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It is not uncommon to discuss percussion instruments in relation to their cultural origin. This led to a division between instruments considered common or modern, and folk instruments with significant history or purpose within a geographic region or culture.
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Within rock music, the term "percussionist" is often used to refer to someone who plays percussion instruments but is not primarily a drummer. The term is especially found in bands where one person plays drums and another plays other hit instruments.
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Instruments in this group are sometimes referred to as non-pitched, unpitched, or untuned. Traditionally these instruments are thought of as making a sound that contains such complex frequencies that no discernible pitch can be heard.
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Note however that percussion instruments such as the xylophone, which share the layout of the piano keyboard but themselves have no keyboard, are termed keyboard percussion and are universally regarded as being within the percussion
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is well known for playing unusual percussion items, having two percussionists in the band. Along with deep sounding drums, their sound includes hitting baseball bats and other objects on beer kegs to create a distinctive sound.
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Percussion instruments are classified by various criteria sometimes depending on their construction, ethnic origin, function within musical theory and orchestration, or their relative prevalence in common knowledge.
544:, a beating. As a noun in contemporary English, Wiktionary describes it as the collision of two bodies to produce a sound. The term is not unique to music, but has application in medicine and weaponry, as in
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or unpitched. While valid, this classification is widely seen as inadequate. Rather, it may be more informative to describe percussion instruments in regards to one or more of the following four paradigms:
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which used air-raid sirens among other things, composers began to require that percussionists invent or find objects to produce desired sounds and textures. Another example the use of a hammer and saw in
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Because of the diversity of percussive instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles.
419:, often working in close collaboration with bass instruments, when present. In jazz and other popular music ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer and sometimes the guitarist are referred to as the
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is instead used at lower-levels of the
Hornbostel–Sachs hierarchy, including to identify instruments struck with either a non sonorous object hand, stick, striker or against a non-sonorous object
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is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed. In the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments (like the
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circumstances. Based on observation and experimentation, one can determine how an instrument produces sound and then assign the instrument to one of the following four categories:
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may have been originally coined to describe a family of musical instruments including drums, rattles, metal plates, or blocks that musicians beat or struck to produce sound.
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It is difficult to define what is common knowledge but there are instruments percussionists and composers use in contemporary music that most people would not consider
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used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a definite pitch can be notated with a specialist rhythm or
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are membranophones. Membranophones produce sound when the membrane or head is struck with a hand, mallet, stick, beater, or improvised tool.
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The general term for a musician who plays percussion instruments is "percussionist" but the terms listed below often describe specialties:
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In fact many traditionally unpitched instruments, such as triangles and even cymbals, have also been produced as tuned sets.
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produce sounds with such complex overtones and a wide range of prominent frequencies that no pitch is discernible.
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appear to share a similar lineage beginning with the original Latin percussus. In a musical context then, the
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Akul Raval - Maximum
Innovative Musical Instruments Created By A Percussionist honored by World Records India
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to distinguish between instruments based on their acceptance or consideration by a general audience.
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There are many instruments that have some claim to being percussion, but are classified otherwise:
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When classifying instruments by function it is useful to note if a percussion instrument makes a
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This category includes instruments that are widely available and popular throughout the world:
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Drum Museum, Information about antique hand drums from Africa, New Guinea and the
Himalayas
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The percussionist uses various objects to strike a percussion instrument to produce sound.
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struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument. Excluding
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Shen, Sinyan, Acoustics of
Ancient Chinese Bells, Scientific American, 256, 94 (1987).
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whereby sound is produced by a stream of air being blown through the object. However,
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Percussion instruments in this group are sometimes referred to as pitched or tuned.
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shell. Percussive techniques can even be applied to the human body itself, as in
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In almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. In military
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Percussion is commonly referred to as "the backbone" or "the heartbeat" of a
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musical instruments yet composers and percussionists use these objects.
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Percussion instruments generally fall into the following categories:
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instruments, which produce notes or sounds in an indefinite pitch.
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Percussion instruments are most commonly divided into two classes:
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One pre-20th century example of found percussion is the use of
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of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as the
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orchestra, composed almost entirely of percussion instruments
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Type of musical instrument that produces a sound by being hit
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produce an obvious fundamental pitch and can therefore play
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used a number of unconventional instruments in their song
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Examples of percussion instruments with indefinite pitch:
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Examples of percussion instruments with definite pitch:
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Unpitched whistles and similar instruments, such as the
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Most instruments known as chordophones are defined as
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instruments, which produce notes with an identifiable
2393:"Percussion — Musical Instruments at your Fingertips"
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For example, some percussion instruments such as the
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Most instruments known as aerophones are defined as
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709:Percussion instruments are sometimes classified as
540:to beat, strike in the musical sense, and the noun
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2542:Video clips of percussion instruments demonstrated
377:(which do not have piano keyboards) are included.
2277:Lists of tuned and untuned percussion instruments
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337:, which are idiophones. However, the section can
248:percussion instrument, played by T. S. Nandakumar
30:"Percussion" redirects here. For other uses, see
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536:The word percussion derives from the Latin verb
489:Music for pitched percussion instruments can be
271:that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a
1442:For example, most people would not consider an
2415:"Drums from around the World • Elephant Drums"
1702:Ancient Chinese musical bronze bells from the
1685:
1239:functions in music. Other instruments such as
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2183:, a Dominican scraper used in merengue music.
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1668:, brooms, and a sugar bag. The metal band
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654:, a class of wind instrument unrelated to
431:are orchestrated to place emphasis on the
275:including attached or enclosed beaters or
2538:— Website for drummers and percussionists
400:Percussion instruments may play not only
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2916:Classification of percussion instruments
2520:) is being considered for deletion. See
2470:Percussion Instruments and Their History
2445:, p.2, 3rd edn, 2006, Thomson Schirmer,
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522:Classification of percussion instruments
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330:, belonging to the membranophones, and
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2601:List of percussion instruments by type
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443:. However, often at least one pair of
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2365:"Instruments: Philharmonia Orchestra"
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1677:By cultural significance or tradition
1605:usually loaded with blank charges in
563:system has no high-level section for
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2367:. Philharmonia.co.uk. Archived from
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1208:By musical function or orchestration
65:adding citations to reliable sources
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1971:By capability of melodic production
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1082:fall under percussion instruments.
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2524:to help reach a consensus. ›
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2488:. University of Rochester Press.
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1427:By prevalence in common knowledge
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2946:List of vibraphone manufacturers
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1165:, wind instruments, such as the
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682:played with beaters such as the
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1367:unpitched percussion instrument
953:Most objects commonly known as
52:needs additional citations for
2597:List of percussion instruments
2407:
2267:List of percussion instruments
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718:By methods of sound production
528:List of percussion instruments
13:
1:
2951:List of timpani manufacturers
2941:List of marimba manufacturers
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2344:The Oxford Companion to Music
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1707:
1257:pitched percussion instrument
705:Percussion mallets and sticks
548:. However, all known uses of
2931:List of cymbal manufacturers
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1128:
960:Examples of membranophones:
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341:contain aerophones, such as
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1915:, typically consisting of:
1694:Some percussion instruments
1686:Folk percussion instruments
1070:Category:String instruments
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32:Percussion (disambiguation)
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2936:List of drum manufacturers
2885:Indoor percussion ensemble
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2522:templates for discussion
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2179:: someone who plays the
2169:: someone who plays the
2141:: someone who plays the
2097:and usually cencerro (a
2061:Names for percussionists
1976:Non-melodic percussion:
369:instruments such as the
2347:, 10th edition, p.775,
1649:De Natura Sonoris No. 2
1465:Conventional or popular
1251:Definite pitch of Music
949:Category:Membranophones
864:Quadrangularis Reversum
259:is a percussion soloist
76:"Percussion instrument"
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2272:List of percussionists
1965:percussion instruments
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18:Percussion instruments
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2282:Orchestral percussion
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1711: 6th century BC
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611:Percussion idiophones
593:Concussion idiophones
357:. On the other hand,
265:percussion instrument
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3065:John Grey & Sons
2863:Percussion groupings
2713:Unpitched percussion
2217:: someone who plays
2121:: someone who plays
2111:: someone who plays
2093:: someone who plays
2003:By percussive beater
1527:or explosive charges
680:Stringed instruments
666:Keyboard instruments
390:unpitched percussion
359:keyboard instruments
283:instruments and the
158:auxiliary percussion
61:improve this article
2895:Percussion ensemble
2875:Marching percussion
2618:Keyboard percussion
2443:Teaching Percussion
2302:Percussion ensemble
2287:Percussion notation
1531:Five gallon buckets
1450:(on a vehicle with
1433:musical instruments
1141:Category:Aerophones
749:Category:Idiophones
730:Teaching Percussion
575:. However the term
485:Percussion notation
479:Percussion notation
367:keyboard percussion
217:percussion ensemble
3090:Noble & Cooley
2890:Percussion section
2609:Pitched percussion
1988:Melodic percussion
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2495:978-1-58046-214-3
2030:mallet percussion
1562:Rocks in a bucket
1202:or police whistle
1088:Hammered dulcimer
684:hammered dulcimer
616:percussion mallet
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16:(Redirected from
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1591:Trafalgar Square
1361:Indefinite pitch
1218:indefinite pitch
1181:or samba whistle
1147:wind instruments
889:Suspended cymbal
724:Hornbostel–Sachs
651:Percussion reeds
561:Hornbostel–Sachs
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464:pipes and drums
398:
355:body percussion
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2880:Front ensemble
2877:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2536:Drummer Brasil
2533:
2505:
2504:External links
2502:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2480:Schick, Steven
2476:
2473:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2441:Gary D. Cook,
2431:
2419:Elephant Drums
2406:
2381:
2356:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2208:
2194:
2184:
2174:
2164:
2154:
2136:
2126:
2116:
2102:
2088:
2078:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2026:
2020:
2009:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1985:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1909:
1904:
1903:"Common" drums
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1565:Shopping carts
1563:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1494:Unconventional
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1365:Main article:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:Tuned Triangle
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1255:Main article:
1252:
1249:
1214:definite pitch
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1153:, such as the
1133:Main article:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1084:
1062:Main article:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
962:
941:Main article:
938:
935:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
764:Bock-a-da-bock
761:
755:
741:Main article:
738:
735:
722:Main article:
719:
716:
699:
698:
687:
677:
634:and only some
618:, such as the
573:membranophones
546:percussion cap
520:Main article:
517:
516:Classification
514:
497:with the same
483:Main article:
480:
477:
460:marching bands
421:rhythm section
397:
394:
361:, such as the
257:Evelyn Glennie
135:
134:
117:September 2024
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3399:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3362:
3354:
3352:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:Istanbul Agop
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:Temple blocks
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2656:Tubular bells
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:Tubular bells
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2452:
2451:0-534-50990-8
2448:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2397:www.miayf.org
2394:
2388:
2386:
2371:on 2013-07-22
2370:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2353:0-19-866212-2
2350:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:bombo legĂĽero
2082:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
1997:
1993:
1992:glass marimba
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:Tom-tom drums
1948:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:(Thumb Piano)
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Bombo legĂĽero
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:Sweet Emotion
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1639:Edgard Varèse
1636:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1625:Edgard Varèse
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1612:1812 Overture
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:Glass bottles
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:Gong (tamtam)
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:Tubular bells
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1241:crash cymbals
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:Slide whistle
1188:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:wind ensemble
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
961:
958:
956:
950:
944:
943:Membranophone
937:Membranophone
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
900:
897:
895:
894:Temple blocks
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
874:Singing bowls
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
804:Crash cymbals
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
754:
750:
744:
734:
731:
725:
715:
712:
703:
696:
692:
688:
685:
681:
678:
675:
671:
667:
664:
663:
662:
659:
657:
653:
652:
646:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:
606:
604:
600:
596:
594:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
529:
523:
513:
511:
507:
504:
500:
496:
492:
486:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
393:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
349:, or a blown
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
297:membranophone
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
258:
254:
247:
243:
239:
233:
229:
224:
218:
215:
210:
203:
199:
195:
191:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
163:
162:tubular bells
159:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3313:J. C. Deagan
2992:
2844:Drum machine
2636:Glockenspiel
2587:
2515:
2484:
2482:(May 2006).
2469:
2466:James Blades
2442:
2423:. Retrieved
2421:. 2019-03-13
2418:
2409:
2401:the original
2396:
2373:. Retrieved
2369:the original
2359:
2342:
2338:
2320:
2255:
2235:Vibraphonist
2214:
2196:
2176:
2171:glockenspiel
2166:
2156:
2118:
2104:
2080:
2064:
2038:Auxiliary:
2006:
1924:Crash cymbal
1906:
1704:Eastern Zhou
1680:
1664:, including
1656:. Rock band
1647:
1632:
1621:Harry Partch
1610:
1600:
1536:Garbage cans
1460:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1354:Xylo-marimba
1294:Glockenspiel
1263:
1260:
1222:
1211:
1144:
1079:
1073:
1051:Wind machine
1046:Urumi (drum)
959:
952:
901:(or Kalimba)
824:Glockenspiel
752:
729:
727:
708:
668:such as the
660:
655:
649:
647:
643:Struck drums
642:
640:
609:
607:
591:
589:
584:
576:
564:
558:
553:
549:
541:
537:
535:
531:
488:
473:
457:
414:
399:
379:
371:glockenspiel
338:
309:
264:
262:
232:Terry Bozzio
160:and pitched
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3130:Slingerland
2900:Drum circle
2510:‹ The
2245:Xylophonist
1929:Ride cymbal
1607:Tchaikovsky
1585:Improvised
1558:Plastic bag
1548:Metal pipes
1505:Automobile
1452:drum brakes
1344:Wind chimes
1245:snare drums
1169:or various
1064:Chordophone
1058:Chordophone
1041:Lion's roar
899:Thumb piano
844:Lummi stick
691:pea whistle
595:or clappers
404:, but also
332:cymbals and
305:chordophone
285:human voice
226:Very large
180:Susu people
3387:Percussion
3376:Categories
3318:King Conga
3287:Sennheiser
2921:Drum stick
2826:Wood block
2801:Tambourine
2791:Snare drum
2661:Vibraphone
2425:2019-03-13
2375:2015-03-30
2308:References
2239:vibraphone
2151:Snare drum
2147:hand drums
2129:Djembefola
2071:Balafonist
2050:Step dance
2028:Mallets:
2014:hand drums
1982:snare drum
1963:Orchestral
1945:Snare drum
1871:Tambourine
1841:Pogo cello
1813:Lagerphone
1747:Bongo drum
1644:Penderecki
1634:Ionisation
1551:Metal pots
1507:brake drum
1482:Tambourine
1456:oil barrel
1448:brake drum
1410:Snare drum
1339:Vibraphone
1289:Glass harp
1235:and serve
1167:Acme siren
1139:See also:
1068:See also:
1016:Snare drum
947:See also:
925:Wood block
915:Vibraphone
910:Txalaparta
747:See also:
695:Acme siren
656:percussion
630:, but not
603:clapsticks
585:concussion
581:human body
577:percussion
569:idiophones
565:percussion
550:percussion
526:See also:
328:tambourine
320:snare drum
289:organology
230:played by
202:conga drum
178:played by
144:Orchestral
87:newspapers
3264:Gibraltar
3241:Vic Firth
3030:Craviotto
3002:Drum kits
2995:companies
2781:Mark tree
2746:Castanets
2721:Bass drum
2666:Xylophone
2651:Tubaphone
2472:, (1970).
2330:Citations
2249:xylophone
2225:Timpanist
2211:Timbalero
2187:Marimbist
2157:Dununfola
2119:Cymbalist
2105:Congalero
2091:Bongocero
2054:Tap dance
2022:Sticks:
1934:Floor tom
1919:Bass drum
1846:Skrabalai
1833:Marimbula
1706:dynasty,
1658:Aerosmith
1617:John Cage
1587:bass drum
1575:Tableware
1521:Clay pots
1512:Beer kegs
1404:Slapstick
1399:Rainstick
1389:Castanets
1384:Bass drum
1349:Xylophone
1309:Mridangam
1299:Handbells
1159:orchestra
1135:Aerophone
1129:Aerophone
996:Mridangam
966:Bass drum
930:Xylophone
920:Vibraslap
879:Slit drum
834:Handbells
819:Flexatone
814:Daxophone
779:Castanets
743:Idiophone
737:Idiophone
628:xylophone
542:percussus
538:percussio
437:woodwinds
375:xylophone
324:bass drum
301:aerophone
293:idiophone
242:Mridangam
155:unpitched
3351:Category
3328:Majestic
3251:Hardware
3231:Zildjian
3226:Pro-Mark
3208:Zildjian
3198:Soultone
3173:Hammerax
3168:Crescent
3110:Pork Pie
2870:Drum kit
2821:Triangle
2816:Timbales
2689:Steelpan
2679:Handbell
2631:Crotales
2626:Carillon
2512:template
2261:See also
2219:timbales
2205:steelpan
2109:conguero
2099:cow bell
2081:Bombisto
2040:triangle
2024:drum kit
2012:Hands:
1957:Marching
1913:Drum kit
1881:Timbales
1856:Steelpan
1837:Naykheen
1808:Kpanlogo
1732:Berimbau
1670:Slipknot
1666:shotguns
1525:Firearms
1487:Triangle
1472:Drum kit
1319:Steelpan
1279:Crotales
1237:harmonic
1171:whistles
1117:Kolitong
1112:Jhallari
1107:Berimbau
1097:Onavillu
1092:Cimbalom
905:Triangle
884:Steelpan
809:Crotales
626:and the
449:triangle
396:Function
343:whistles
335:triangle
228:drum kit
3361:Commons
3160:Cymbals
3115:Premier
3100:Pacific
3055:Gretsch
2854:Octapad
2806:Tam-tam
2776:Maracas
2766:Cymbals
2761:Cowbell
2726:Bodhrán
2699:Timpani
2684:Handpan
2641:Marimba
2514:below (
2325:family.
2251:player.
2241:player.
2231:player.
2229:timpani
2215:timbero
2207:player.
2201:pannist
2193:player.
2191:marimba
2177:GĂĽirero
2163:player.
2143:drumset
2139:Drummer
2135:player.
2123:cymbals
2087:player.
2077:player.
2075:balafon
2048:Feet:
2044:cymbals
2034:timpani
1941:cymbals
1828:Marimba
1802:Kalimba
1792:Gamelan
1737:Bodhrán
1723:gamelan
1420:Tom-tom
1406:or whip
1394:Cymbals
1329:Timpani
1314:Rototom
1304:Marimba
1229:timpani
1225:marimba
1200:Whistle
1122:Takumbo
1036:Tom-tom
1031:Timpani
1011:Rototom
1001:Octoban
981:Darbuka
869:Ratchet
854:Marimba
799:Cowbell
784:Celesta
711:pitched
670:celesta
648:412.12
636:cymbals
491:notated
468:hi-hats
453:cymbals
445:timpani
433:strings
410:harmony
363:celesta
316:timpani
277:rattles
176:balafon
151:timpani
101:scholar
3292:Yamaha
3282:Roland
3218:Sticks
3193:Sabian
3188:Paiste
3150:Yamaha
3145:Trixon
3125:Rogers
3075:Ludwig
3060:Hayman
3025:Corder
3010:Ayotte
2771:Djembe
2751:Claves
2736:Cabasa
2731:Bongos
2531:Curlie
2517:Curlie
2492:
2449:
2351:
2197:Panman
2133:djembe
2113:congas
2095:bongos
1998:, etc.
1996:gendér
1984:, etc.
1978:bongos
1939:Hi-Hat
1896:Udukai
1891:Urumee
1886:Tonbak
1876:Thavil
1851:Spoons
1797:Ghatam
1782:Djembe
1777:Dholak
1627:, and
1603:cannon
1595:London
1569:Spokes
1544:Hammer
1517:Brooms
1501:Anvils
1415:Tamtam
1270:Chimes
1233:melody
1026:Thavil
986:Djembe
971:Bongos
849:Maraca
839:Hi-hat
794:Claves
789:Chimes
769:Cabasa
608:111.2
590:111.1
499:treble
439:, and
429:Mozart
406:melody
402:rhythm
388:, and
347:sirens
273:beater
246:Indian
198:claves
184:Guinea
172:Djembé
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3333:Natal
3308:Adams
3236:Vater
3183:Meinl
3135:Sonor
3105:Pearl
3085:Natal
3080:Mapex
3070:Leedy
3050:Fibes
3040:Dixon
3035:Ddrum
3020:Camco
3015:Brady
2909:Other
2796:Taiko
2786:Parai
2756:Conga
2741:CajĂłn
2694:Tabla
2313:Notes
2181:gĂĽira
2161:dunun
1866:Taiko
1861:Tabla
1823:Madal
1787:Dunun
1767:Dhime
1757:Conga
1752:Cajon
1654:Stomp
1444:anvil
1324:Tabla
1185:Siren
1179:Apito
1102:Piano
1021:Tabla
1006:Parai
991:Kuzeh
976:Conga
955:drums
829:GĂĽiro
774:CajĂłn
759:Bells
674:piano
632:drums
624:gongs
599:zills
506:clefs
495:staff
493:on a
441:brass
425:Haydn
386:pitch
351:conch
267:is a
244:, an
214:taiko
149:with
108:JSTOR
94:books
3259:Axis
3203:UFIP
3140:Tama
3120:Remo
3095:OCDP
2490:ISBN
2447:ISBN
2349:ISBN
2247:: a
2237:: a
2227:: a
2203:: a
2189:: a
2083:: a
2073:: a
1772:Dhol
1762:Dhaa
1446:, a
1243:and
1227:and
1080:also
693:and
672:and
620:hang
601:and
571:and
559:The
503:bass
501:and
462:and
427:and
408:and
373:and
345:and
339:also
310:The
303:and
174:and
80:news
2529:at
1646:'s
1637:by
1609:'s
1589:in
1437:try
1216:or
1195:Udu
1161:or
1155:udu
641:21
451:or
182:of
63:by
3378::
3045:DW
2468:,
2434:^
2417:.
2395:.
2384:^
2213:,
2199:,
2159::
2145:,
2131::
2107:,
2101:).
2052:,
2042:,
2032:,
2016:,
1994:,
1990::
1980:,
1708:c.
1623:,
1619:,
1615:.
1593:,
1220:.
1090:,
638:.
622:,
605:.
435:,
412:.
326:,
322:,
318:,
307:.
299:,
295:,
263:A
153:,
2985:e
2978:t
2971:v
2580:e
2573:t
2566:v
2498:.
2428:.
2378:.
2221:.
2173:.
2153:.
2125:.
2115:.
1713:.
1597:.
1272:/
697:.
686:.
676:.
204:)
196:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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