People's Defense Units

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Arab communities on the basis of ethnicity." Forced displacement of civilians and destruction of civilian property is not a war crime per se. These acts only become a war crime when there is no "imperative military necessity" for them. Amnesty International stated the report documents cases in which there was no such justification. It furthermore states that "the circumstances of some of these displacements suggested that they were carried out in retaliation for people's perceived sympathies with, or family ties to, suspected members of IS or other armed groups", thus constituting "collective punishment, which is a violation of international humanitarian law".

4726: 5958: 5297: 5482: 4675: 4069: 84: 5854: 4750: 138: 60: 5498: 4508: 4656: 5174: 5539:. The first airdrop consisted of 112 pallets of ammunition and "other items like hand grenades", totaling 50 tons. However, statements from the US that the aid did not contain TOW's or anti-aircraft weapons made it clear that the U.S. continued to have serious regard for the interests of Turkey, which has warned against continued US support for the YPG. On the other hand, the US also supported Islamist rebel groups who fought the YPG. During the Battle of Aleppo, the US-backed 96: 14260: 4440: 4773: 4516: 5786:) began receiving human rights training from Geneva Call and other international organizations with the YPG pledging to demobilize all fighters under 18 within a month and began to enact disciplinary measures against commanders of the units that had involved in corruption and accepting recruit under age of 18 to their ranks. In October 2015 the YPG demobilized 21 minors from the military service in its ranks. 6923:

They began kidnapping and killing Kurds. I am not a YPG supporter, and I will never be. But if it weren't for the YPG, not a single Kurd would be left in the Jazeera region". Crisis Group interview, Erbil, July 2013. A journalist working for a pro-KDP channel commented: "I was the most critical person against the PYD. But at the moment, I have to admit that they are saving the people from the worst".

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from areas where they might pose a danger. They further stated that IS was using civilians in those areas to plant car bombs or carry out other attacks on the YPG. By describing the events in Hammam al-Turkman before the village was evacuated, the Amnesty International report itself inadvertently supports these YPG reports of military necessity.

5362:(MLKP) has been sending volunteers to fight in the YPG since 2012. At least four have been killed in battle as of February 2015—one during the Battle of Ras al-Ayn and three during the siege of Kobanî. The party released a video in late January 2015 showing several Spanish- and German-speaking volunteers from Europe among its ranks in 4471:. However, the general outcome of this campaign was a massive advance by IS, which effectively separated the eastern part of Rojava from the main force of FSA rebels. IS followed up on its success by attacking the YPG and the FSA in Kobanî Canton in March and fighting its way to the gates of the city of Kobanî in September. The actual 4213:, after the agreement with Turkey, that Finland does not see the YPG as a terrorist organization and that Finland will continue to support the YPG. The Turkish terror classification is not shared by key international bodies in the fight against the Islamic State in which the YPG takes part. Due to this Turkish view, 5224:) from the US, which appear to have replaced some of the YPG's more bizarre homemade armour designs. Surprisingly, the YPG was permitted to keep these vehicles even after IS was defeated as a conventional military force. Even so, there was little doubt that their most likely future application would be against a 5190:

relied on vehicles captured from the Islamic State, AFVs left behind by the Syrian Arab Army (SyAA), equipment turned over by the SyAA in exchange for a safe passage (for example, after retreating from Mennagh airbase in 2014), and armoured vehicles donated by the US for light armoured vehicles and true armour.

9242:

until the war ends it will be a good thing ...' You have terrorists in al-Raqqa and their families – the uncle, and brother, and sister – are here, and they are in communication, giving them information. We were forced to distance these families. Not detain them. Distance them. Take them outside of the area.

9302:

After the YPG took the village, on 15 June, a car bomb killed three YPG fighters 4 km from Hammam al-Turkman at a checkpoint in Damishli. The following day there were skirmishes between the YPG and IS in the village before IS was pushed back. A second car bomb went off at a YPG checkpoint at the

9203:

The circumstances of some of the instances of forced displacement documented in this report suggest that they were carried out in retaliation for people's perceived sympathies with, or family ties to, suspected members of IS or other armed groups. This would constitute collective punishment, which is

5841:

On 23 April 2021, the UN released its third report on child recruitment in Syria, noting that the SDF's action plan had resulted in a significant decrease in child recruitment (from 216 cases in early 2019 to only 41 cases in early 2020), but that elsewhere in Syria, child recruitment continued to be

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Geneva Call which resulted in a broad new military directive strictly prohibiting all recruitment of persons under 18, ordering that any such persons within SDF be immediately removed from the payroll and transferred to the custody of the civilian Authority For Education, mandating the appointment of

5189:

In comparison to the other major factions involved in the Syrian Civil War, the YPG has the least armor. To compensate for the resulting capability gap, the YPG became heavily involved in the production of DIY armoured vehicles, typically based on bulldozers or large trucks. The YPG has traditionally

6922:

Crisis Group interview, Erbil, 4 July 2013: Intensified Islamist attacks in Kurdish areas shifted Kurdish public opinion toward the PYD. A resident of Tell Tamr, a partly Kurdish town targeted by armed Islamist groups, said, "in the aftermath of the battle of Ras al-Ayn, Islamists entered Tell Tamr.

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on 10 March 2017, the Commission refuted Amnesty International's reports of ethnic cleansing, stating that "'though allegations of 'ethnic cleansing' continued to be received during the period under review, the Commission found no evidence to substantiate reports that YPG or SDF forces ever targeted

5208:

With little armor and other heavy weaponry, the YPG relied almost entirely on Coalition airpower to destroy Islamic State vehicles and fighting positions. While this meant that Islamic State-operated AFVs were frequently destroyed before they could inflict serious damage on YPG forces, it also meant

5731:

published a report with reports that the YPG had driven at least 100 families from northern Syria and that in the villages of Asaylem and Husseiniya it had demolished resident homes. The report was made by Amnesty visiting the area contained in the report. It made local observations of destruction,

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groups did so the most often. The YPG proved to be the only Kurdish militia able to effectively resist the fundamentalists. While the YPG protected the Kurdish communities it was able to extract a price: it prevented the emergence of new, rival militias and forced existing ones to cooperate with or

9241:

In some dangerous areas there are some specific cases that are very small, resulting from the terrorist threat, where families were sent away from the area ... Only 25 families were forced to leave across Rojava ... (They are told) 'Folks, remove your things please, and if you leave from this area

6959:

At the same time, Ankara turned a blind eye to the Islamist fighters crossing from Turkey into Syria, viewing them – in addition to helping bring down the Assad regime – as potential counterweights to the PYD. The strategy backfired; the PYD not only gained territory, but also bolstered its appeal

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With Russia's entrance into the war in late 2015 backing the Syrian government, some reports have reported that the YPG coordinated with or received weapons from Russia, with rival opposition groups stating that the timing and targeting of Russian airstrikes were "suspiciously advantageous" to the

5252:

The YPG's arsenal of ATGMs is without a doubt the most dangerous threat to the Turkish military. Despite capturing only a small number of these missiles from the Syrian Arab Army, the YPG has managed to secure a steady supply of ATGMs obtained on the Syrian black market. These have included models

5205:, that had been abandoned in government bases by their previous owners. With no other option, even these abandoned vehicles would be repaired and repurposed by the YPG. Even when the engine couldn't be repaired, the hulls of BTR-60s were strapped to the backs of trucks and used as improvised AFVs. 7336:

Colonel Talal Selo ... said the rapid advance overnight by thousands of troops from the Democratic Forces of Syria had brought the dam ... under their control on Saturday.... Selo said ... the latest round of fighting ... involved several thousand fighters from the Democratic Forces of Syria with

5755:

In interviews, YPG spokespersons acknowledged that a number of families were in fact displaced. However, they placed the number at no more than 25, and stated military necessity. They stated that the family members of terrorists maintained communications with them, and therefore had to be removed

5646:

Russia's position towards the YPG is not clear, and the US actively supports it, but their diplomatic relations with the PYD are the opposite. In January 2016 Russia pushed for the inclusion of the PYD in the Geneva talks. The YPG would like to open a representative branch in the US, but in March

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Because the YPG operates in a landlocked territory, rival opposition groups as well as the Turkish and Syrian government were able to physically prevent foreign aid from reaching it. The YPG's seizure of Til Koçer in October 2013 (cf. above) created an overland connection to more or less friendly

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in each military service to receive and investigate reports of child recruitment, and ordering punitive measures by military police and by the SDF's Military Discipline Department against anyone found to be responsible for child recruitment. Geneva Call immediately praised the SDF's wide-ranging

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In 2017, Turkish court sentenced two Czech nationals to more than six years in prison for their reported ties to the YPG. In Germany, the YPG leads to controversies as it is up to the police to begin a prosecution for showing a YPG flag. In the state of Bavaria, fines for showing a YPG flag were

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joint operations room in 2014. Many of the partners are the same, and even the logo / flag with the Blue Euphrates symbol has common traits with that of Euphrates Volcano. The primary difference is that Euphrates Volcano was limited to coordinating the activities of independent Kurdish and Arab

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while the Kurdish fans reportedly proclaimed "We will sacrifice our lives for Bush". This resulted in clashes between the two groups who attacked each other with sticks, stones and knives. Government security forces entered the city to quell the riot, firing at the crowds. The riots resulted in

5323:

was among the first foreign volunteers of the YPG. Injured by an IS suicide bomb, he developed the "Lions of Rojava" recruitment campaign for foreign volunteers, launched on 21 October 2014 on Facebook. More than 400 volunteers from Europe, the Americas and Australia have joined the YPG as of

4363:

The YPG did not initially take an offensive posture in the Syrian Civil War. Aiming mostly to defend Kurdish-majority areas, it avoided engaging Syrian government forces, which still controlled several enclaves in Kurdish territory. The YPG changed this policy when Ras al-Ayn was taken by the

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The West is fully aware that the Syrian Democratic Forces are an important and reliable active on the ground, hence the military support. Unfortunately, they have not yet approached us at a political level while they keep their ties with Saudi Arabia, Turkey ... However, we do hope political

7354:

Tishrin is an incredible dam, not least of all because it sits cradled in a beautiful lush valley, in an otherwise dry and arid land. But also because of what Tishrin implies for the people of Rojava who have survived for the past two years under incredible economic and political conditions,

5116:

Relying on speed, stealth, and surprise, it is the archetypal guerrilla army, able to deploy quickly to front lines and concentrate its forces before quickly redirecting the axis of its attack to outflank and ambush its enemy. The key to its success is autonomy. Although operating under an

6630:

A member of YPG's central command … said that the YPG formed in 2004 shortly after the Qamishlo riots, when a number of Kurdish youth realized that they needed to be able to defend themselves more efficiently. They did not officially declare themselves until the revolution started in

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health clinic in the village on 18 June killing a YPG fighter and injuring one civilian and three days later IS shot and killed a second YPG fighter near the clinic. It was after the death of this fighter that the residents were told by the YPG that they had to leave the village.

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Turkey had told ... the US that YPG forces would not be permitted to proceed beyond the Euphrates. In an apparent rebuke ... Kerry : "We're … enhancing our air campaign in order to help drive Da'esh, which once dominated the Syria–Turkey border, out of the last seventy-mile

5830:, as part of an ongoing educational process. Syria-based researcher Thomas McClure observed that “SDF are less likely to engage in such practices than any of the other forces in Syria, but seek to hold themselves to a higher standard of accountability and human rights.” 5197:, amassed an arsenal of hundreds of tanks and other armored fighting vehicles captured from the Syrian Arab Army, the YPG, which frequently avoided combat with government forces, had to make do with scraps. The YPG was able to acquire several vehicle types, including the 8399:

Former international junior bench press champion Ashley Dyball … wrote on Facebook, 'The s--- you see here is nothing like you see on the bias news reports, the Islamic state must be stopped and if it means I can't come home f--- it.' … Dyball faces prosecution if he

5554:

US aid to the YPG continued in late October with the deployment of up to 50 US special forces to assist the YPG, and an enhanced air campaign to support the YPG and local militia groups in their fight against IS. Some of these special forces participated in the

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Amnesty International this month faulted the Kurdish administration for arbitrary detentions and unfair trials.... Ibrahim said ... efforts were underway to improve its human rights record.... The Geneva Call ... promotes good treatment of civilians in war

5789:

According to the annual UN report of 2018, there were 224 cases of child recruitment by the YPG and its women's unit, the YPJ, in 2017, an almost fivefold increase from the previous year. This sparked immediate conversations with the anti-child-recruitment

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We'll look closely at all these accusations to determine whether there's any veracity to the claims ... We call on those who actually are or will participate in administering these areas to do so inclusively and with respect for all groups regardless of

5833:

On 29 August 2020, SDF announced the creation of a new system that anyone can use to confidentially report to specialized Child Protection offices any suspected case of child recruitment, in accordance with the action plan that the SDF signed with the

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Meanwhile, the situation had been stable in Afrin and Aleppo. The fight between the FSA and IS had led to a normalization in the relations between FSA and YPG since the end of 2013. In February 2015, the YPG signed a judicial agreement with the

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to the YPG, and in doing so, started military cooperation with one of the factions. While it expected that IS would quickly crush the YPG and the FSA, this alliance was not considered a problem for the US. The YPG won the battle in early 2015.

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infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) to the YPG. These reports appear to be based on the sighting of M2s with SDF flags and a video of YPG members training alongside M2s, and there is currently no evidence that such a transfer has occurred.

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The PYD's growing influence largely has come at the expense of other Kurdishgroups. In particular, it has prevented emergence of new, rival militias while forcing existing ones to cooperate with or join PYD forces on their

1964: 8364: 2524: 8945:, 13 February 2018. Quote: "The Kurdish People's Protection Unit—the Syrian militia of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)—probably will seek some form of autonomy but will face resistance from Russia, Iran, and Turkey." 733: 7299: 1294: 9692: 5454:, have been involved with the YPG despite threats by Australia to prosecute any citizens involved in the Syrian Civil War. Under Australian law it is a criminal offence to fight with any side in a foreign conflict. 1759: 639: 3400: 2745: 8781: 8067: 9129: 2843: 5125:

and backs them by suppressing enemy fire using mobile heavy machine guns. It also uses roadside bombs to prevent outflanking maneuvers, particularly at night. Its lines have generally held when attacked by

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approved of a plan that would have the United States directly provide heavy armaments to the major SDF component group, the YPG; the plan came before a planned final offensive to capture Raqqa from ISIS.

4422:(Til Koçer) following intense clashes with IS. The clashes lasted about three days, with the Til Koçer border gate to Iraq being taken in a major offensive launched on the night of 24 October. PYD leader 4426:

told Stêrk TV that this success created an alternative against efforts to hold the territory under embargo, referring to the fact that the other border crossings with Iraq led to areas controlled by the

5821:

conducted multiple training sessions with hundreds of SDF commanders about the UN-SDF Action Plan To Prevent Child Recruitment, and distributed informational posters and flyers about it written in both

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stating that 24 minors under age of 18 had been recruited by YPG, compared to 124 having been recruited by the Free Syrian Army and 5 by the Syrian Arab Army. In response, the YPG and YPJ signed the

1957: 7238: 2836: 2517: 6943: 6906: 6869: 6811: 2311: 902: 726: 5691: 12876: 3257: 3165: 1287: 9685: 7445:"Profil – Rojda Felat. Kommandeurin der Offensive gegen den IS in Raqqa und Bismarck-Fan. [Profile – Rojda Felat. Commander of the offensive against the IS in Raqqa and Bismarck-Fan]" 1752: 1462: 632: 6744: 4404:

join the YPG forces on its terms. This was how the Islamist attacks enabled the YPG to unite the Syrian Kurds under its banner and caused it to become the de facto army of the Syrian Kurds.

3393: 1950: 5159:, killing herself and several soldiers in the process. The attack was commended by pro-SDF sources as a courageous attack against a tank using explosives, which killed her in the process. 2738: 2510: 12942: 4523:

The YPG was able and willing to offensively engage and put pressure on IS and had built up a track record as a reliable military partner of the US. In 2015, the YPG began its advance on

4479:. This intervention had started with aiding the FSA against the government, but when the FSA was getting defeated by IS in eastern Syria, it escalated to bombing IS on Syrian territory. 13150: 11625: 3712: 719: 5532:

The YPG also received 27 bundles totalling 24 tons of small arms and ammunition and 10 tons of medical supplies from the United States and Iraqi Kurdistan during the siege of Kobanî.

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In July and August 2015 Amnesty International investigated the forced displacement of residents from 10 villages and towns in areas under the control of the Autonomous Administration

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11 June 2015, including at least ten U.S. volunteers, three of which were U.S. Army veterans. People from both China and the Chinese diaspora have also joined.

12654: 11829: 11645: 11282: 5168: 4539:, linking up Kobanî with Hasakah in July 2015. With the capture of Tell Abyad, the YPG has also broken a major supply route of fighters and goods for the Islamic State. 3158: 2949: 2874: 773: 473: 463: 14570: 14565: 14020: 11042: 10008: 9106: 8058: 4686:(YPJ), also known as the Women's Defense Units, is the YPG's female brigade, which was set up in 2012. Kurdish media have said that YPJ troops became vital during the 4155: 8997:

President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Sunday said he was troubled by the advance of Kurdish forces, saying they could in the future create a structure to threaten Turkey.

4542:

With these offensives, the YPG had begun to make advances into areas that did not always have a Kurdish majority. When the YPG and the FSA entered the border town of

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was established in Hasakah on 11 October 2015. It has its origins in the YPG-FSA collaboration against IS, which had previously led to the establishment of the

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criticized the YPG for accepting minors into their ranks, picking up on multiple earlier reports of teenage fighters serving in the YPG, with a report by the

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On 11 October 2015, the US began an operation to airdrop 120 tons of military supplies to the YPG and its local Arab and Turkmen allies to fight IS north of

4590:. The coalition had some heavy weapons and was supported by intense US led airstrikes. The capture of the hydroelectric dam also had positive effects on the 3005: 2381: 2240: 2017: 9413: 5379: 14296: 12609: 12393: 12161: 9914: 8168: 8124: 6827:

While rebel groups from across the ideological spectrum have clashed with the PYD, jihadi and Salafi groups have done so most aggressively and consistently

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among Kurds as their only protector from jihadis. In September 2013, a Turkish official acknowledged: 'We made the PYD stronger by trying to undermine it'

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Actual numbers are expected to be higher.... A number of pro-Government groups, including Hizbullah, also reportedly recruited children in small numbers.

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and Turkish military, the YPG is likely to keep a significant stock of missiles on hand for future use against Turkish armour and troop concentrations.

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He added that IS was benefiting from the presence of civilians in these areas, and using them to plant car bombs or carry out other attacks on the YPG.

8821: 4197:, although the organization itself is not recognised as terrorist. Finland and Sweden's alleged support for the YPG, is one of the points which caused 2583: 2265: 2196: 1888: 1626: 1492: 1326: 1065: 823: 6569: 5443:

While most countries do not object in principle to their citizens joining the ranks of the YPG, Turkey has been vocal against YPG's foreign recruits.

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protecting children in armed conflict, prohibiting sexual violence and against gender discrimination in July 2014. Kurdish security forces (YPG and

4136: 3731: 2255: 1510: 1486: 100: 9508: 12502: 11764: 11653: 10940: 10863: 9509:"General Assembly Security Council Seventy-fourth session Seventy-fifth year Agenda item 66 (a) Promotion and protection of the rights of children" 9337:"Syria: 4 brigades of the Free Syrian Army commit to prohibit sexual violence and the use of child soldiers [EN/AR] – Syrian Arab Republic" 7078: 6752: 6668: 5629: 4456: 3793: 2676: 1433: 1320: 1304: 930: 14130: 14045: 14015: 12629: 12532: 12462: 12383: 12303: 12059: 11410: 11405: 10966: 10041: 9909: 9180: 8438: 7965: 5490: 3986: 3903: 3501: 3491: 3486: 2917: 2867: 2788: 2709: 2633: 2376: 1997: 1084: 1050: 285: 8413: 7725: 7054: 13374: 12742: 12644: 12146: 11794: 10935: 10234: 9904: 9899: 8090: 7255:

Thousands of Syrians cut through a border fence and crossed over into Turkey … fleeing intense fighting … between Kurdish fighters and jihadis.

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governorates. It found cases of YPG fighters forcibly displacing residents and using fire and bulldozers to raze homes and other structures.

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In June 2015 the Turkish government stated that the YPG was carrying out an ethnic cleansing as part of a plan to join the Jazira and

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groups in Iraq, but could not change the even more fundamental problem, that the YPG had no allies willing to provide equipment.

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overarching tactical rubric, YPG brigades are inculcated with a high degree of freedom and can adapt to the changing battlefield.

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The self-defence committees that were to become the YPG were formed in July and August 2011 as the Self Protection units (YXG).

3476: 14540: 14227: 14155: 13258: 13030: 13010: 12806: 12542: 11927: 11339: 11012: 10239: 7104: 6005: 4249:. The riots began as clashes between rivaling football fans before taking a political turn, with Arab fans raising pictures of 3629: 3204: 3075: 2783: 2771: 2755: 2201: 2002: 1723: 1632: 1109: 878: 591: 14535: 8642: 8278: 7421: 6708: 14555: 14545: 14070: 12952: 12924: 12693: 12594: 12353: 12278: 12218: 11952: 11862: 11809: 11235: 10642: 10576: 10112: 8992: 7557: 6983: 3773: 3535: 3189: 3092: 3025: 2858: 2445: 2346: 2235: 2083: 2027: 1835: 1671: 1551: 692: 373: 210: 9114: 5216:

in its fight against Islamic State forces in northern Syria, the YPG received a large number of infantry mobility vehicles (

4288:(KSC) and established the People's Protection Units (YPG) militia to defend Kurdish-inhabited areas in northern Syria, i.e. 14550: 14440: 13280: 13020: 12885: 12737: 12368: 12089: 12084: 11002: 10858: 10556: 10327: 10157: 9735: 8513: 6285: 5526: 4073: 4051: 3918: 3360: 3234: 3097: 3040: 2991: 2458: 2066: 2037: 1676: 1556: 1403: 600: 6230: 4755:

Yellow flag of the YPG, first used since late 2012, widely adopted in 2013 and since then the official flag of the militia

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The YPG's press office media operation has been a particular focus of its opponents, with Turkey bombing its premises in

5209:

that most AFVs were completely obliterated by Coalition aircraft, preventing their capture and further use with the YPG.

5156: 3335: 3107: 2911: 2476: 2181: 2176: 2047: 1809: 841: 245: 13295: 6373: 6070: 14322: 14150: 14140: 14005: 13984: 13964: 13949: 13331: 13005: 12905: 12547: 11600: 11432: 11220: 11058: 10899: 10636: 10469: 10457: 10379: 8149: 7331: 5695: 4611: 4476: 3959: 3685: 3224: 2793: 1257: 1055: 687: 577: 9381: 6429: 14417: 14165: 14115: 13989: 13954: 13414: 12971: 12865: 12398: 12388: 12186: 12049: 11837: 11804: 11427: 11007: 10868: 10678: 10474: 10118: 10102: 6652: 5721: 5651: 5451: 5213: 4820: 3947: 3471: 3330: 3175: 2614: 2572: 2230: 1791: 1561: 1546: 12034: 7349: 7130: 6209:"Turkey's Double Standard on Terrorism: Accuses BBC of supporting PKK, backs other groups from China, Russia and US" 5151:

A 20-year-old female YPJ fighter named Zlukh Hamo (Nom de guerre: Avesta Khabur) was reported to have carried out a

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The first success of the SDF was the capture of the strategic ethnically Arab town of al-Hawl from IS during the

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With the world fearing another massacre in Kobanî, American support increased substantially. The US gave intense

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capital. Several western sources have described the YPG as the "most effective" force in fighting IS in Syria.

4171: 4005: 3884: 3340: 3134: 3030: 2433: 2217: 2120: 1928: 1666: 1566: 1521: 1163: 302: 297: 270: 12599: 7697: 5521:, which led to a military alliance against IS. The United States provided the YPG with air support during the 14484: 14135: 14093: 13749: 13557: 13526: 13321: 12634: 12522: 12338: 12288: 12111: 11887: 11847: 11585: 11381: 11319: 11210: 11195: 10322: 10208: 10196: 10050: 9670: 8761: 8743: 6258: 4428: 2928: 2817: 2698: 2413: 2359: 2335: 2007: 1923: 1713: 1620: 1571: 1094: 988: 677: 13015: 11113: 11108: 10213: 8825: 3229: 14392: 14332: 14232: 14145: 14103: 13506: 12976: 12698: 12639: 12512: 12268: 12263: 12024: 12004: 11897: 11892: 11852: 11737: 11215: 11143: 10564: 10545: 10418: 10339: 10283: 9784: 9774: 9592: 9537: 9483: 8782:"In blow to U.S.-Turkey ties, Trump administration approves plan to arm Syrian Kurds against Islamic State" 5556: 4737: 4603: 4532: 4528: 4166:. In late 2015, the YPG became part of the SDF, an umbrella group intended to better incorporate Arabs and 3913: 3820: 3758: 3748: 3697: 3350: 3209: 2933: 2589: 2423: 2260: 1903: 1893: 1876: 1871: 1691: 1644: 1638: 1576: 1496: 1415: 1044: 926: 682: 235: 9989: 8913: 7367: 6515: 6231:"Conflict, politics and history: Why Turkey is standing in the way of both Sweden and Finland's NATO bids" 14377: 14222: 14065: 13979: 13969: 13959: 13944: 13884: 13784: 13631: 13511: 13490: 13455: 13346: 13341: 13222: 12855: 12786: 12333: 12293: 12126: 12044: 12029: 11605: 11570: 11351: 11118: 10945: 10648: 10612: 10600: 10504: 10424: 10333: 9789: 9740: 7944:"Western "comrades" join Kurds, Arabs, secularists, Yezidis, and Syriac Christians against Islamic State" 7662: 5878: 5641: 5340: 4713: 4683: 4669: 4194: 4186: 4132: 4034: 3991: 3855: 3850: 3830: 3778: 3702: 3545: 3369: 3277: 3060: 2922: 2408: 2365: 2125: 2110: 2077: 1913: 1898: 1681: 1231: 1079: 1072: 943: 255: 240: 195: 27: 7086: 6445:"The Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the People's Protection Units (YPG) in Turkish Official Discourse" 14372: 14160: 13351: 12683: 12323: 12121: 11563: 11334: 11123: 10624: 10606: 10515: 10288: 10273: 10267: 8679: 7754: 7152: 5447: 5358:

Dozens of non-Kurdish Turks (from both Turkey and the European diaspora) have also joined. The Turkish

5134: 4158:

militaries. Since then, the YPG has primarily fought against IS, as well as on occasion fighting other

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initiative to eliminate and prevent child recruitment throughout all of SDF's military organizations.

4316:

and the surrounding areas. After negotiations, government forces withdrew and the YPG took control of

161: 14263: 13577: 13245: 13160: 12981: 12747: 12619: 12363: 12318: 12223: 12054: 11720: 11715: 11546: 11519: 11514: 11376: 11255: 11063: 10771: 10672: 10452: 10130: 10073: 9974: 9745: 9010: 5905: 5217: 4527:, a move they have planned for since November 2013. With American close air support, offensives near 4285: 4022: 3835: 3763: 3045: 2906: 2451: 2391: 2245: 2022: 1696: 1649: 1390: 1385: 1186: 1156: 1150: 982: 828: 88: 13567: 13442: 13427: 12895: 12614: 12604: 12589: 12413: 12258: 12079: 11784: 11481: 11422: 11032: 10588: 10582: 10570: 10446: 9779: 9762: 8874:"Abu Khawla: We coordinate with Russia and I brought thousands of opposition fighters to our areas" 7536: 6722: 5597: 5467: 4783: 4555: 4281: 4222: 4189:(PKK), which is listed as a terrorist organization. The flag of the YPG is also a banned symbol in 4101: 3981: 3976: 3923: 3840: 3437: 3315: 3267: 2974: 2901: 2896: 2811: 2687: 2561: 2486: 2418: 2250: 2105: 2042: 1918: 1526: 1008: 280: 142: 7444: 6402: 14450: 13521: 13480: 13470: 13265: 13119: 13040: 12845: 12708: 12537: 12527: 12273: 12253: 12039: 11789: 11759: 11742: 11620: 11272: 10660: 10527: 10345: 10311: 10305: 10261: 10202: 10124: 9819: 9809: 9799: 9610: 9588: 9533: 9479: 8226: 5655: 5624:

Despite this, YPG officials have said they did not cooperate with Russia. However, in July 2019,

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started in earnest when on 19 November 2012, the al-Nusra Front and a second al-Qaeda affiliate,

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against the Turkish state, several of the international volunteers were wounded and killed. The

4185:

According to Turkey and Qatar, the YPG is a terrorist organization, closely associated with the

3736: 3241: 14352: 14098: 13035: 12840: 12801: 12452: 12403: 12358: 12328: 11942: 11902: 11877: 11867: 11725: 11700: 11590: 11553: 11529: 11329: 10539: 10218: 9869: 9725: 9130:"UN report counters Amnesty International's claim that Kurds are ethnically cleansing in Syria" 8943:

Director of National Intelligence, Worldwide threat assessment of the US intelligence community

7490: 5974: 5733: 5679: 5563: 5540: 4725: 4571: 4229:, the US military provided US$ 715 million in weapons and equipment aid to the political party 3935: 3908: 3815: 3803: 3788: 3562: 3496: 3345: 3112: 2955: 2602: 2567: 2536: 2481: 2439: 2402: 2100: 1861: 1824: 1603: 1591: 1395: 1370: 1236: 1197: 1167: 1030: 1018: 954: 789: 275: 7448: 6973: 14412: 14402: 14362: 14342: 14337: 14327: 12482: 11962: 11153: 11128: 11027: 10521: 9720: 9665: 9296: 9262: 9227: 8744:"Syrian Kurds are now armed with sensitive US weaponry, and the Pentagon denies supplying it" 7032: 5900: 5728: 5481: 5241: 5148:

The YPG calls itself a people's army, and therefore appoints officers by internal elections.

4575: 4348: 3798: 2638: 1851: 1718: 861: 230: 9319: 7809: 7355:

exacerbated significantly by lack of access to water and electricity which Tishrin provides.

6444: 4674: 4578:. The dam was captured on 26 December. Participating forces included the YPG, the FSA group 4392:, attacked Kurdish positions in the town. The battle ended with a YPG victory in July 2013. 1484: 14085: 13724: 13485: 13311: 13285: 12811: 12343: 12156: 11907: 11872: 11705: 11690: 11536: 11225: 11148: 10950: 10848: 10722: 10162: 9984: 9949: 9879: 7815: 7605: 5808: 5692:

Human rights in the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria § DFNS-associated militias

5296: 4536: 4385: 4163: 4068: 4039: 3768: 3080: 3050: 2428: 2142: 1655: 1597: 1380: 1375: 1174: 697: 215: 183: 20: 9562: 9355:"Syria: Kurdish Forces Violating Child Soldier Ban Despite Promises, Children Still Fight" 4618:

in November. These operations extended SDF-controlled territory, usually at IS's expense.

4312:

In July 2012, the YPG had a standoff with Syrian government forces in the Kurdish city of

3596: 8: 14422: 14407: 14397: 14367: 14357: 13904: 13859: 13824: 13336: 13140: 12919: 12584: 12420: 11774: 11754: 11575: 11558: 11459: 11361: 11138: 10737: 10717: 10251: 9014: 6035: 5578: 5178: 4246: 4202: 4154:, where the YPG began to receive air and ground support from the United States and other 3971: 3310: 3287: 2805: 2577: 2155: 1846: 1841: 1516: 1428: 1226: 1206: 1133: 960: 765: 116: 9155: 8955: 8598: 8169:"'It wasn't about killing people': what drove a British farmer to the Syrian frontline?" 7810: 7606:"Kurdish female fighter detonates herself to destroy a Turkish tank in Afrin, statement" 5704:

Human rights in Syria § Human rights in the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria

5685: 14387: 14347: 13844: 13290: 12757: 12688: 12649: 11366: 11344: 10732: 10727: 9944: 9934: 8766: 8394: 7870: 7562: 6662: 6472: 5765: 4496: 4332: 2943: 2532: 1972: 1728: 1241: 965: 883: 11912: 11769: 9406:

YPG demobilizes 21 children under the age of 18 from the military service in its ranks

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in translation, though they are smaller than comparable units in standard militaries:

4687: 4472: 4467:

province; the group also formed an operations room with multiple FSA factions, called

4151: 4131:

and came to predominate over other armed Syrian Kurdish groups. A sister militia, the

3783: 3726: 1686: 1444: 200: 14202: 13909: 13864: 13465: 13460: 13236: 13145: 13101: 12457: 11658: 11371: 10930: 10510: 9804: 8521: 8461: 8176: 8098: 8039: 7896: 7513: 7481: 7082: 6979: 6648: 6476: 6464: 6031: 5827: 5814:

On 15 July 2020, SDF issued a new military order prohibiting child recruitment. The

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Revolution in Rojava; Democratic Autonomy and Women's liberation in Syrian Kurdistan

6009: 5842:

systematic and widespread within Syrian government and non-government armed forces.

5525:

and during later campaigns, helping the YPG defend territory against attacks by the

4546:

in June 2015, parts of the population fled the intense fighting and the airstrikes.

4206: 3621: 13879: 13869: 13849: 13839: 13744: 13734: 13729: 13667: 13626: 13611: 13316: 12966: 12850: 12176: 12099: 11685: 11509: 11464: 11415: 11398: 11393: 11240: 11205: 10833: 10794: 10742: 10594: 9969: 9954: 9889: 8201: 6456: 6208: 5952: 5931: 5804: 5700:

Human rights violations during the Syrian Civil War § Syrian Democratic Forces

5497: 5270: 5142: 4749: 4690:. Consisting of approximately 20,000 fighters, they make up around 40% of the YPG. 4607: 4460: 4289: 4258: 4140: 4128: 3877: 3845: 3660: 3606: 3199: 2799: 2147: 2059: 2053: 1345: 1191: 1145: 1088: 1013: 1003: 702: 667: 396: 250: 152: 59: 8822:"Britain says uneasy after evidence of Kurdish coordination with Syria and Russia" 8624: 5714: 14499: 14476: 14445: 14314: 13894: 13799: 13774: 13697: 13687: 13682: 13672: 13621: 13616: 13188: 12283: 12104: 11670: 11437: 11260: 11133: 11037: 10430: 9289:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 9255:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 9220:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 9181:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 9094:

Of 225 buildings visible in June 2014, only 14 were still standing by June 2015.

9040:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 6617: 6480: 6407: 6313:"German lawmaker sparks criticism after displaying banned YPG flag in parliament" 5965: 5853: 5783: 5601: 5548: 5432: 5380:

International Freedom Battalion § International Freedom Battalion fatalities

5348: 4626: 4564: 4452: 4389: 4352: 4124: 3898: 3653: 2353: 1360: 1246: 1038: 833: 156: 8390: 7558:"Female Kurdish Fighter Kills Turkish Troops in Likely Suicide Bombing in Syria" 7189: 7175:"Kurdish YPG and Jabhat al-Shamiya Agreement on Judiciary Cooperation in Aleppo" 5803:

In June 2020, United Nations reported the YPG/YPJ as the largest faction in the

14274: 14125: 13834: 13804: 13754: 13739: 13719: 13707: 13692: 13677: 13601: 12914: 11695: 11580: 11454: 11356: 11200: 10317: 9939: 9924: 9593:"New mechanism allows civilians to report child recruitment in northeast Syria" 9538:"SDF issues new directives to protect schools, children from military conflict" 7322:"U.S.-backed alliance captures key dam from Islamic State – alliance spokesman" 7273: 6290: 6286:"German police raid leftist for posting Kurdish YPG flag | DW | 19 August 2017" 5835: 5769: 5744: 5308: 5152: 4638: 4622: 4431:, while al-Yaarubiyah led to areas controlled by the Iraqi central government. 4369: 4344: 4293: 4250: 4226: 4198: 4093: 3601: 3282: 1355: 1128: 948: 847: 662: 112: 13562: 9700: 8728: 7893:"Kobani Kurds Use Facebook To Recruit Foreign Fighters in Struggle Against IS" 7635: 7469: 6839: 6460: 6340: 5807:

by the number of recruited child soldiers with 283 child soldiers followed by

4655: 4507: 14529: 13889: 13854: 13809: 13779: 13759: 13714: 13702: 13549: 13326: 11680: 11595: 11230: 10384: 10141: 10107: 9884: 9814: 8525: 8465: 8180: 8102: 6745:"The Kurdish Protection Units have formed a new brigade in the Al–Bab region" 6468: 5873: 5671: 5667: 5571: 5514: 5458:

issued, while the federal government declares that the YPG is not forbidden.

5412: 5363: 5344: 5332: 5320: 5304: 5254: 5194: 5173: 5127: 5109: 4419: 4373: 4147: 2322: 2319: 1350: 1263: 759: 672: 4563:

groups, while the SDF is a single organisation made up of Kurds, Arabs, and

4463:

and IS in January 2014. The YPG collaborated with FSA groups to fight IS in

13819: 13794: 13769: 13764: 13572: 13210: 13155: 9894: 9156:"UN report refutes ethnic cleansing claims against Syrian Kurdish YPG, SDF" 8707:"'Obama orders US special forces to 'assist' fight against Isis in Syria '" 8125:"Foreign volunteers fighting with Syrian-Kurdish forces killed 'by Turkey'" 8015:"A Divorced Father-of-Two from Ohio Is Fighting the Islamic State in Syria" 7407: 6500: 5749:

Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic

5708: 5608: 5518: 5424: 5400: 5385: 5328: 5262: 5237: 4634: 4502: 4492: 4423: 4381: 4325: 341: 9959: 9639:

Military and Security Structures of the Autonomous Administration in Syria

4372:. At first the YPG conquered the surrounding government-controlled areas: 14217: 13899: 13829: 13814: 13789: 9618: 9596: 9541: 9487: 7000:"Kurdish Woman Leading Battle Against Islamic State in Kobane: Activists" 6612: 6317: 6259:"Sweden blasts Turkish 'disinformation' as Erdoğan delays NATO accession" 5859: 5776: 5593: 5486: 5420: 5258: 5130:(IS) forces who have better equipment, including helmets and body armor. 10019: 9107:"Syria and Islamist groups guilty of war crimes, YPG cleared: UN report" 7840:"'Border Eagles' protect Türkiye-Syria boundary with domestic equipment" 7190:"Kurdish Strategy Towards Ethnically-Mixed Areas in the Syrian Conflict" 7028:"Woman leads Kurds in battle against Islamic State in Kobane: activists" 5607:

On 9 May 2017, it was announced by the Pentagon that American President

14306: 13582: 8150:"Canadian man killed while fighting ISIS in Syria | Globalnews.ca" 5586: 5582: 5506: 5389: 5336: 5266: 5245: 5182: 4543: 4524: 4439: 4340: 4234: 924: 8439:"Turkish Supreme Court upholds six-year verdict imposed on two Czechs" 7153:"U.S. military: Airstrikes against ISIS won't save key city of Kobani" 6613:"Meet the YPG, the Kurdish militia that doesn't want help from anyone" 6032:"PYD announces surprise interim government in Syria's Kurdish regions" 14494: 14466: 13874: 10707: 10191: 8018: 7582: 7541: 6840:"YPG Commander: Kurds Are Bulwark Against Islamic Extremism in Syria" 6683: 6216:

Institute for Strategic, Political, Security and Economic Consultancy

5890: 5796: 5686:

Allegations concerning violations of international law and war crimes

5632:

stated that the Syrian Democratic Forces had cooperated with Russia.

5396: 5316: 4455:

units, was formally integrated into the YPG's command structure. The

4377: 10683: 8848:"Kurdish fighters in Aleppo deny receiving Russian military support" 8365:"Matthew Gardiner confirmed to be fighting Islamic State with Kurds" 8227:"Kurds pay tribute to 'hero' Erik Scurfield on anniversary of death" 6516:"U.S. general told Syria's YPG: 'You have got to change your brand'" 6164: 5647:

2016 interview its leader implied that it was not allowed to do so.

4772: 4317: 4313: 4221:

suggested the YPG to change their name, after which the name of the

3173: 13592: 13540: 10763: 9661: 9643: 9089: 8391:"Australian man defends his actions fighting against Islamic State" 7127:"YPG and FSA form a joint military chamber to combat ISIS in Syria" 7101:"FSA and YPG cooperate against ISIL militants in Syria's Tel Abyad" 6570:"YPG deploys US-made TOW missiles in Syria amid possible operation" 6349: 6263: 5590: 5575: 5404: 4834: 4515: 4407: 4400: 4396: 4365: 4336: 365: 9563:"SDF announce new measure to tackle recruitment of child soldiers" 9382:"Western states train Kurdish force in Syria, force's leader says" 6709:"Arabs Across Syria Join the Kurdish-Led Syrian Democratic Forces" 2753: 1767: 10364: 10058: 9929: 9615:"Child recruitment by SDF down significantly since 2019, UN says" 9386: 8729:"EXCLUSIVE: Interethnic coalition takes on the IS group in Syria" 8255:(in Turkish). Etkin Haber Ajansı. 28 January 2015. Archived from 7819: 7326: 6520: 6378: 5300: 5138: 4190: 1302: 741: 9011:"US voices concern over allegations of rights violations by YPG" 8956:"Turkey air strikes on Kurds in Syria and Iraq spark US concern" 7726:"All About the YPG, the Syrian Kurds Dividing Turkey and the US" 5155:

towards Turkish troops and a tank during the early phase of the

4731:

Horizontal red flag of the YPG, used since 2011 until early 2013

4358: 4127:

militia. The YPG was formed in 2011. It expanded rapidly in the

11064:

Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

10828: 10747: 10489: 10350: 9979: 9767: 9457: 8059:"British ex-trader who fought Isil describes escape from Syria" 7698:"Kurdish Armour: Inventorising YPG Equipment In Northern Syria" 5895: 5823: 5233: 5229: 5202: 5198: 5122: 4297: 4257:

They did not, however, emerge as a significant force until the

4210: 3408: 647: 8993:"Turkey accuses Kurdish forces of 'ethnic cleansing' in Syria" 8454:"Kurdische Symbole in Deutschland: Rechtslage? Mal so, mal so" 7537:"A rare glimpse into Kurdish armed forces in Syrian Kurdistan" 6430:"Finlandiya: YPG'ye terör örgütü demedik, değişen bir şey yok" 5732:

and collected testimonies from former and actual residents of

4743:

Variant of the horizontal red flag, also used until early 2013

4719:

Vertical red flag of the YPG, used since 2011 until early 2013

4300:. Originally a wholly Kurdish force, the YPG began to recruit 4245:

Kurdish activists attempted to unify themselves following the

4072:

SDF-controlled territory (green), claimed territory (orange),

14489: 14208:

Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference

10823: 10712: 10533: 10398: 9566: 8800:"Trump OKs arms for Syrian Kurds, despite Turkish objections" 8202:"Three foreign YPG volunteers released from jail, going home" 7610: 7386:"Middle East Concerns grow about abuses, war crimes in Syria" 7239:"Thousands of Syrians flee into Turkey amid intense fighting" 5675: 5536: 5416: 4651:

Turkish military intervention in Syria (January 2018–present)

4321: 4301: 4273: 4175: 4112: 4097: 316: 9458:

Report of the Secretary-General: Children and armed conflict

9320:

Report of the Secretary-General: Children and armed conflict

8762:"Trump to Arm Syrian Kurds, Even as Turkey Strongly Objects" 5335:, Ryan Lock, Michael Israel, Nazzarno Tassone, Dean Evans, 4633:(160 killed or wounded). Spokesperson for the YPG said that 10176: 10087: 9060:"Syria: US ally's razing of villages amounts to war crimes" 8665:"YPG, allies clash with Syrian opposition groups in Aleppo" 8643:"U.S. delivers 50 tons of ammunition to Syria rebel groups" 8453: 8414:"Awkward contradictions in Australian foreign-fighter laws" 8279:"Internationalists martyred in Rojava remembered in Greece" 8253:"Enternasyonal devrimciler: Her dilden devrimi savunuyoruz" 7004: 6595:"UA 15/05 Torture and ill-treatment/ possible unfair trial" 6235: 6190:"Syrian terrorist list produces 163 names and no agreement" 5658:

described YPG as the Syrian wing of PKK in its new report.

5225: 5221: 5169:

List of military equipment used by Syrian Democratic Forces

4511:

Military situation in the Syrian Civil War in November 2015

8339:"Turkey increasingly vocal against YPG's foreign recruits" 7296:"Declaration of establishment by Syrian Democratic Forces" 6934: 6897: 6860: 6802: 3013: 14518:- country that sometimes recognized as part of Arab world 7992: 6643:

Ayboga, Flach and Knapp, Ercan, Anja and Michael (2016).

6113:. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 29 July 2016 6006:"Armed Kurds Surround Syrian Security Forces in Qamishli" 5815: 5791: 5408: 4104:(SDF). YPG provides updates about its activities through 14213:

International recognition of the Syrian National Council

9086:"Syria Kurds 'razing villages seized from IS' – Amnesty" 8599:"Turkey's Erdogan denounces US support for Syrian Kurds" 6778:"Kurds expel jihadists from flashpoint Syrian town: NGO" 5709:

Accusations of ethnic cleansing and forced displacements

4503:

Spring 2015: Offensive operations with coalition support

4434: 8298:"British woman killed fighting Turkish forces in Afrin" 6642: 6544:"US fails to account for $ 715M in weapons for YPG/PKK" 5489:

officer and YPG and YPJ commanders tour an area hit by

4574:

in November 2015. This was followed in December by the

4135:(YPJ), fights alongside them. The YPG is active in the 4105: 8975:"British film-maker killed by Isis militants in Syria" 6937:"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" 6900:"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" 6863:"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" 6805:"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" 6496:"We told YPG to change brand name in 2015: US General" 5630:

Syrian Democratic Forces' Deir ez-Zor Military Council

4644: 4233:(PYD) and YPG. Among the heavy weaponry provided are 4156:

Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve

4146:

In early 2015, the group won a major victory over the

3423:

Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

13276:

National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

9452: 9398: 9314: 8040:"The Chinese man fighting Islamic State with the YPG" 7966:"Exclusive: American explains why he's fighting ISIL" 5942: 5724:

reacted by starting an inquiry into the allegations.

5137:(HPG) have also trained and equipped more than 1,000 4549: 3651: 9484:"SDF command issues order banning child recruitment" 8091:"Briton killed while fighting against Isis in Syria" 7866:"Meet the American Vigilantes Who Are Fighting ISIS" 6347:[Good Kurds, bad Kurds. Who is terrorist?]. 5979: 5849: 5269:

ATGM. Despite frequently employing them against the

4225:(SDF) was found. According to the Turkish state-run 14581:

Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist

10915:

Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war

9121: 8694:

Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War

8572:Weaver, Matthew; Borger, Julian (1 December 2015). 7298:. Kurdish Question. 15 October 2015. Archived from 7237:Pitarakis, Lefteris; Mroue, Bassem (14 June 2015). 6647:. London, United Kingdom: Pluto Press. p. 51. 6050: 5696:

Syrian Democratic Forces § Reported war crimes

5193:While other Syrian Civil War factions, such as the 8892:"Russia: Kurds should be included in Geneva talks" 8514:"How Trump Betrayed the General Who Defeated ISIS" 8057: 7442: 7055:"Kurdish woman leads fight against ISIS in Kobane" 6165:"PKK / Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs" 4475:approximately coincided with an escalation in the 14571:Military units and formations established in 2011 14566:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 9702:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 9428:"Syria: Armed Group Recruiting Children in Camps" 7663:"Monsters Of Desperation: The YPG's Sturmpanzers" 7578:"Turkish troops targeted in Afrin suicide attack" 7509:"Analysis: YPG – The Islamic State's worst enemy" 7216:"Is Tal Abyad a turning point for Syria's Kurds?" 5327:Other prominent foreign volunteers have included 4137:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 101:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 14527: 14304: 10372: 8931:relations to materialize among us in the future. 7989:"The US volunteers who fight with Syria's Kurds" 7470:"404 error – This is not the page you requested" 7368:"Mapping Militant Organizations: Jaish al-Islam" 7314: 7177:. Syrian Rebellion Observatory. 5 February 2015. 6723:"Kurds Give Ultimatum to Syrian Security Forces" 5395:, aged 31, was killed on 24 February 2018 in an 5244:, the US has reportedly transferred a number of 5220:) and mine-resistant ambush protected vehicles ( 5145:as local defense units under their supervision. 4457:inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War 4408:2013: Kurdish control of al-Yaarubiyah/Til Koçer 3177:Syrian War spillover and international incidents 266:Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016) 14576:Organizations designated as terrorist by Turkey 12473:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict 12384:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate 10967:International reactions to the Syrian civil war 9380:Perry, Tom; Malla, Naline (10 September 2015). 8731:. France 24. 22 April 2016 – via YouTube. 8574:"Syria airstrikes: everything you need to know" 7422:"Meet the Kurdish Women Fighting ISIS in Syria" 5661: 5384:During the fight against IS and the defense of 3502:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 3456:Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels 286:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 10884:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present) 10295:Kurdistan Democratic Party – Progressive Front 10235:Action Party for the Independence of Kurdistan 9609: 9587: 9532: 9478: 9204:a violation of international humanitarian law. 8824:. Reuters UK. 23 February 2016. Archived from 7863: 7404:Syrian rebels admit chemical use against Kurds 7236: 6403:"Sweden's Nato ambitions run into Kurdish row" 6345:"Gute Kurden, böse Kurden. Wer ist Terrorist?" 4418:In October 2013, YPG fighters took control of 4395:While many rebel groups clashed with the YPG, 14290: 10779: 10035: 9686: 9646:: Omran for Strategic Studies. Archived from 8547:"Kobane: Air strikes help Syria town curb IS" 7129:. ARA News. 12 September 2014. Archived from 5461: 4621:On 7 April 2016, the Kurdish neighborhood of 4359:Late 2012: Islamist attacks make YPG dominant 4170:into the war effort. In 2016–2017, the SDF's 3637: 3394: 3159: 2999: 2844: 2739: 2518: 2305: 1958: 1753: 1470: 1288: 910: 727: 633: 381: 43: 11626:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan) 11023:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria 10910:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war 9127: 9052: 8571: 8336: 7807: 7462: 7350:"Photos of Tishrin Dam, Liberated from ISIS" 7342: 6667:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6073:. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 6000: 5998: 5996: 5911:List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War 4833:In 2017, the YPG began to form units called 49: 14166:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 11406:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013) 10972:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 8411: 7502: 7500: 5261:, as well as more advanced models like the 4801:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4663: 4331:By December 2012, it had expanded to eight 4307: 3412:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 14297: 14283: 14161:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 13110:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region 12309:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 12070:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 10786: 10772: 10246:Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan 10137:Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle 10042: 10028: 9693: 9679: 9379: 9002: 8972: 8741: 8657: 8487:"Ist das Zeigen einer YPG-Fahne strafbar?" 7780:"Factbox: What is the Syrian Kurdish YPG?" 7187: 6374:"Der türkische NATO-Krieg gegen Kurdistan" 4602:In February, the YPG-led SDF launched the 3644: 3630: 3401: 3387: 3166: 3152: 3006: 2992: 2851: 2837: 2746: 2732: 2525: 2511: 2312: 2298: 1965: 1951: 1760: 1746: 1477: 1463: 1295: 1281: 917: 903: 734: 720: 640: 626: 388: 374: 355:Nalîn Dêrik Sozdar Dêrik Serhildan Garisî 58: 19:"YPG" redirects here. For other uses, see 14041:International demonstrations and protests 12147:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack 11443:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013) 10049: 9308: 8617: 8316:"Syrian fighters 'overrun IS encampment'" 7636:"Turkey's high stakes in post-ISIL Syria" 7230: 6971: 6935:International Crisis Group (8 May 2014). 6898:International Crisis Group (8 May 2014). 6861:International Crisis Group (8 May 2014). 6803:International Crisis Group (8 May 2014). 6600:. Amnesty International. 19 January 2005. 5993: 5678:for a raid during the late stages of the 5276: 4821:Learn how and when to remove this message 4678:Women's Protection Units in November 2014 179:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–13) 172:Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016) 14187:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany 13271:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution 9148: 9078: 8936: 8914:"Salih Muslim: Time Has Proved Us Right" 8012: 7980: 7838:AA, Daily Sabah with (4 December 2022). 7555: 7506: 7497: 6442: 6147:"US troops wearing YPG patches in Syria" 6133:"Turkey v Syria's Kurds v Islamic State" 6111:"Kurdish Forces Bolster Assad in Aleppo" 5759: 5496: 5480: 5295: 5172: 4673: 4654: 4514: 4506: 4438: 4384:(Kurdish: Dêrika Hemko). The subsequent 4067: 11251:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012) 11018:US intervention in the Syrian civil war 10753:List of Kurdish dynasties and countries 8671: 7938: 7936: 7507:Stephens, Michael (11 September 2014). 7269:"Why Is Turkey Fighting Syria's Kurds?" 7103:. ARA News. 12 May 2014. Archived from 6400: 5635: 5559:and coordinated airstrikes against IS. 5435:, was killed on Sunday, 17 March 2019. 5431:, an Italian man fighting for the YPG, 5423:, was killed in a Turkish airstrike in 4443:YPG-controlled territory, February 2014 4343:(Serê Kaniyê), and in the districts of 4205:. In June 2022, then–Finnish President 14528: 12655:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20) 11933:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov) 10534:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement 10240:Democratic National Union of Kurdistan 9635: 9214: 9212: 9175: 9173: 8995:. Agence France-Presse. 16 June 2015. 8677: 8511: 8383: 7443:Moritz Baumstieger (9 November 2016). 7436: 7288: 7073: 7071: 6978:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 116. 6056: 5446:Several Australians, including former 5311:fighters of the YPG in northern Syria. 4706:Flags of the People's Protection Units 3015:Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present) 51:‏وحدات حماية الشعب‎‎ 14278: 14156:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) 13926: 13656: 13082: 12943:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike 12763:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict 12503:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May) 12468:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb) 12379:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18) 12369:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18) 11084: 10805: 10767: 10655:Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party 10023: 9674: 9008: 8625:"PUKmedia یەکێتیی نیشتمانیی کوردستان" 8451: 8295: 8166: 8088: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7803: 7801: 7749: 7747: 7720: 7718: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7630: 7628: 7534: 7419: 7266: 7047: 6371: 6339: 6256: 6228: 6068: 6008:. Rudaw. 22 July 2012. Archived from 5951: 5281: 4435:2014: Fight against the Islamic State 4174:led to the liberation of the city of 3625: 3382: 3147: 2987: 2832: 2727: 2506: 2293: 1946: 1741: 1458: 1276: 898: 715: 621: 369: 127:78,000 (Including YPJ, 2017 estimate) 13281:Syrian Revolution General Commission 13021:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria 11800:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field 11003:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 10793: 10328:Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party 10158:Iranian Call and Reform Organization 9128:Antonopoulos, Paul (15 March 2017). 8678:Steele, Jonathan (3 December 2015). 8667:. Middle East Eye. 29 November 2015. 8070:from the original on 12 January 2022 8013:Zurutuza, Karlos (23 October 2014). 7986: 7933: 7864:Jennifer Percy (30 September 2015). 6610: 6604: 6568:AA, Daily Sabah with (9 June 2022). 6084:Cook, Steven A. (25 February 2016). 6083: 5953:[jɛkiːnɛjeːnpɑːɾɑːstɯnɑːɡɛl] 5529:. Turkey has criticised US support. 4799:adding citations to reliable sources 4766: 4254:around 36 dead, most of them Kurds. 4215:US Army Special Operations Commander 4018:5th al-Qamishli & 4th al-Hasakah 3235:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 2382:2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 2018:1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 395: 14238:Syrian civil war in popular culture 14131:UN Security Council Resolution 2118 12060:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun) 11750:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul) 11733:First Battle of the Shaer gas field 10690:Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan 10464:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria 10300:Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party 10279:Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq 9410:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 9209: 9170: 7946:. Your Middle East. 29 October 2014 7068: 7020: 6493: 6206: 5969: 5935: 5427:on 15 March 2018. In the battle of 4645:2018: Turkish military intervention 4519:YPG-controlled territory, June 2015 50: 13: 14141:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 13332:Authenticity and Development Front 13006:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 13001:December 2011 Turkish border clash 12792:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes 12249:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb) 12162:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov) 12020:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar) 11288:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 11059:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 11013:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 10900:Casualties of the Syrian civil war 10470:Kurdish Democratic Political Union 10458:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria 10113:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran 9009:Saeed, Yerevan (14 October 2015). 7837: 7826: 7798: 7744: 7715: 7680: 7625: 7330:. 28 December 2015. Archived from 7267:Abadi, Cameron (17 October 2019). 6992: 6965: 6567: 6432:(in Turkish). Diken. 30 June 2022. 6394: 6372:Kerem, Schamberger (24 May 2022). 5674:(IS) singling out its premises in 4659:Military situation in January 2019 4550:Autumn 2015: foundation of the SDF 4477:American-led intervention in Syria 3515:U.S.-led intervention against ISIL 14: 14592: 13031:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 12972:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut 12925:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike 12493:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May) 12478:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar) 12219:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017) 12085:May Jableh & Tartous bombings 12035:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 12000:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 11953:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016) 11340:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr) 11008:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone 10679:Society for the Rise of Kurdistan 10475:Movement for a Democratic Society 9655: 9412:. 28 October 2015. Archived from 7808:@worldonalert (13 October 2019). 7556:Nordland, Rod (28 January 2018). 7085:. 27 October 2013. Archived from 6751:. 4 December 2012. Archived from 5717:cantons into a single territory. 5652:Director of National Intelligence 5366:; they were reorganised into the 5080:55 (Martyr Abu Shayar battalion) 4106:YPG Press Office Telegram channel 4100:and the primary component of the 3250:Jordanian–Syrian border incidents 14460:Autonomous regional armed forces 14446:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 14259: 14258: 13975:2017 Northern regional elections 13607:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria 13218:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 13083: 12733:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah 12630:Turkish offensive into northeast 12610:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug) 12498:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr) 12167:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov) 12010:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 11278:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush 11159:2010s in Syria political history 10905:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 10667:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan 10631:Kurdistan Democratic Party/North 9603: 9581: 9555: 9526: 9501: 9472: 9446: 9420: 9373: 9347: 9329: 9281: 9247: 9099: 9032: 8985: 8973:Matt Blake (27 September 2017). 8966: 8948: 8906: 8884: 8866: 8840: 8814: 8792: 8774: 8754: 8735: 8721: 8699: 8635: 8591: 8565: 8539: 8505: 8304:– via www.theguardian.com. 8122: 7695: 7660: 7079:"YPG takes control of Til Koçer" 5852: 5517:led negotiations with the US in 5476: 5360:Marxist-Leninist Communist Party 4771: 4748: 4736: 4724: 4712: 4264: 4240: 3477:Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation 3361:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 3321:2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria 2789:Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike 136: 94: 82: 14433:States with limited recognition 14171:Syrian Constitutional Committee 13517:International Freedom Battalion 13115:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 12513:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun) 12463:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr) 12409:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov) 12264:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr) 12239:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb) 12229:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17) 12095:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct) 12075:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May) 12015:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb) 11883:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing 11765:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov) 11611:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov) 11542:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug) 11411:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct) 11246:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014) 11221:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation 9629: 9113:. 15 March 2017. Archived from 8680:"The Syrian Kurds are winning!" 8479: 8452:Peter, Erik (16 October 2019). 8445: 8431: 8405: 8357: 8330: 8308: 8289: 8271: 8245: 8219: 8194: 8167:Blake, Matt (29 October 2016). 8160: 8142: 8116: 8082: 8050: 8032: 8006: 7958: 7911: 7899:Radio Liberty. 13 November 2014 7885: 7857: 7772: 7654: 7598: 7570: 7549: 7528: 7413: 7396: 7378: 7360: 7260: 7208: 7181: 7167: 7145: 7119: 7093: 6928: 6891: 6854: 6832: 6796: 6770: 6737: 6715: 6701: 6681: 6675: 6636: 6611:Gold, Danny (31 October 2012). 6587: 6561: 6536: 6508: 6487: 6436: 6422: 6365: 6333: 6305: 6278: 6250: 6222: 6200: 6182: 6157: 6071:"Ascent of the PYD and the SDF" 5885:Party of Free Life of Kurdistan 5869:International Freedom Battalion 5570:were equipped with US-supplied 5368:International Freedom Battalion 5292:International Freedom Battalion 5232:). Aside from a large fleet of 4693: 4201:to oppose Finland and Sweden's 3316:2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike 3220:Syrian–Turkish border incidents 3135:3rd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 3076:2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 3066:1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 16:Mainly-Kurdish militia in Syria 14561:Irregular units and formations 13026:Assassination of Andrei Karlov 12896:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents 12595:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor 12339:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun) 12142:September Deir ez-Zor air raid 12132:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep) 12090:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun) 12080:Northern Raqqa offensive (May) 11968:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 10414:Descendants of Saladin Brigade 10257:Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq 9642:. Translated by Obaida Hitto. 9186:. October 2015. Archived from 8512:Wright, Robin (4 April 2019). 8089:Blake, Matt (2 January 2017). 6401:Richard, Milne (20 May 2022). 6229:Turak, Natasha (23 May 2022). 6139: 6125: 6103: 6086:"Who Exactly Are 'the Kurds'?" 6077: 6062: 6024: 5924: 5547:for control of the village of 4119:; it is closely allied to the 4115:, but also includes Arabs and 3056:7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 3026:6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2777:5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2645:4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2628:Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident 2446:3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2266:2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2202:1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict 1: 14541:Apoist organizations in Syria 13970:2017 Northern local elections 13960:2015 Northern local elections 13322:National Front for Liberation 13259:Local Coordination Committees 12807:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct) 12645:Israeli missile strikes (Nov) 12289:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack 11586:Khan al-Assal chemical attack 11382:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing 11196:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 10981:Specific groups and countries 10806: 10323:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party 9636:Rashid, Bedir Mulla (2018) . 8337:Metin Gurcan (28 June 2017). 8296:Blake, Matt (19 March 2018). 7987:Muir, Jim (23 October 2014). 7535:Ahmad, Rozh (6 August 2012). 6443:Deewanee, Azad (March 2022). 5917: 5743:In a report published by the 5023:Martyr Şevger Kobanî Regiment 4429:Kurdistan Regional Government 4237:American anti-tank missiles. 3472:Turkey–Islamic State conflict 3278:Iraqi–Syrian border incidents 3258:Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line 2377:April 2017 Turkish airstrikes 45:Yekîneyên Parastina Gel (YPG) 14556:Syrian Kurdish organizations 14546:2011 establishments in Syria 14233:2015 European migrant crisis 13507:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 12399:Euphrates Crossing offensive 11893:Western al-Hasakah offensive 11853:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 11721:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug) 11477:Quneitra Governorate clashes 11216:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh 11144:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 11085: 10893:Effects and ongoing concerns 10565:Communist Party of Kurdistan 10546:Civil Protection Units-Women 10340:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 10284:Kurdistan Conservative Party 9300:. October 2015. p. 17. 8806:. 9 May 2017. Archived from 8605:. BBC News. 10 February 2016 8441:. Radio Praha. 24 July 2018. 8341:. Al-Monitor. Archived from 6494:Ali, Sangar (22 July 2017). 5662:International media outreach 5557:al-Shaddadi offensive (2016) 5162: 4459:led to open war between the 3713:1st Tell Hamis and Tell Brak 1987:(March 2016 – February 2017) 1645:Western al-Hasakah offensive 1577:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 7: 14551:Kurdistan Communities Union 14121:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 14076:Syrian government reactions 14066:Status of the Golan Heights 14061:Sectarianism and minorities 13985:2020 parliamentary election 13965:2016 parliamentary election 13950:2012 parliamentary election 13927: 13885:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid 13785:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni 13632:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 13491:Northern Democratic Brigade 13347:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 13342:Revolutionary Commando Army 13223:Popular Mobilization Forces 13011:2012 Turkish border clashes 12600:Dêrik prison escape attempt 12005:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan) 11958:2015–2016 Latakia offensive 11928:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep) 11923:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug) 11810:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec) 11795:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict 11571:Bayda and Baniyas massacres 10879:Sectarianism and minorities 10854:Syrian government reactions 10613:Kurdistan Communities Union 10601:Freedom and Democracy Party 10074:Yezidi National Union (ULE) 7968:. USA Today. 7 October 2014 7921:. Syriahr.com. 11 June 2015 7420:Trieb, Erin (August 2014). 6257:Bayer, Lili (20 May 2022). 6069:Barfi, Barak (April 2016). 5980: 5943: 5845: 5642:Foreign relations of Rojava 5438: 5411:fighter, the British woman 5341:Konstandinos Erik Scurfield 4625:in Aleppo was shelled with 4292:and the Kurdish enclave of 4195:Strafgesetzbuch section 86a 4111:The YPG mostly consists of 4108:and social media accounts. 3492:Idlib Governorate operation 3124:Iranian consulate airstrike 3041:4th Israeli missile strikes 2939:3rd Israeli missile strikes 2912:2nd Israeli missile strikes 2683:Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes 2325:in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017) 2078:12th–14th Aleppo offensives 256:Battle of al-Hasakah (2016) 241:Battle of Tell Abyad (2016) 196:Battle of Tell Abyad (2013) 10: 14597: 14116:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan 13990:2021 presidential election 13955:2014 presidential election 13657: 13201:medical facility targeting 13057:Deir ez-Zor missile strike 13016:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings 12935:Jordanian border incidents 12580:Idlib inter-rebel conflict 12518:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun) 12394:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec) 12182:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec) 12152:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct) 12122:Operation Euphrates Shield 12050:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 11938:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 11863:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul) 11858:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr) 11805:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 11654:First Inter-rebel conflict 11616:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 11525:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) 11428:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 10625:Islamic Party of Kurdistan 10619:Kurdistan Islamic Movement 10607:Freedom and Equality Party 10289:Kurdistan Democratic Party 10274:Kurdish Tribal Association 10268:Kurdistan Islamic Movement 10119:Kurdistan Democratic Party 9266:. October 2015. p. 29 9231:. October 2015. p. 28 8962:. BBC News. 25 April 2017. 8850:. ARA News. Archived from 8553:. BBC News. 8 October 2014 7188:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir. 6765:Kurdish Information Center 5689: 5639: 5465: 5462:Foreign government support 5377: 5285: 5166: 5121:The YPG relies heavily on 5103: 4667: 4648: 4411: 4284:(KNC), joined to form the 4139:(Rojava), particularly in 4006:2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes 3948:Northern Aleppo insurgency 3580:April 2018 missile strikes 3450:2012 Hezbollah involvement 2419:Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike 2132:Operation Euphrates Shield 2008:9th–11th Aleppo offensives 812:Shayrat & Tiyas ambush 271:Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) 261:Operation Euphrates Shield 25: 18: 14536:People's Protection Units 14513: 14475: 14459: 14431: 14313: 14254: 14195: 14179: 14084: 13998: 13937: 13933: 13922: 13663: 13652: 13591: 13578:Group of the One and Only 13558:Military activity of ISIL 13548: 13539: 13499: 13451:People's Protection Units 13441: 13433:Smaller political parties 13413: 13404:Autonomous Administration 13402: 13360: 13304: 13244: 13235: 13169: 13161:Palestine Liberation Army 13133: 13100: 13093: 13089: 13078: 13049: 12990: 12951: 12933: 12904: 12875: 12864: 12825: 12771: 12717: 12694:Idlib Governorate clashes 12668: 12620:Hass refugee camp bombing 12556: 12508:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr) 12429: 12344:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug) 12319:Maskanah Plains offensive 12314:Desert campaign (May–Jul) 12244:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun) 12195: 11976: 11818: 11716:Second siege of Wadi Deif 11711:Kafr Zita chemical attack 11676:Daraa offensive (Feb–May) 11634: 11547:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl 11490: 11296: 11283:Idlib Governorate clashes 11268:Daraa Governorate clashes 11236:Jabal al-Zawiya operation 11167: 11097: 11093: 11080: 11051: 10980: 10959: 10923: 10892: 10816: 10812: 10801: 10703: 10673:Rights and Freedoms Party 10643:Peoples' Democratic Party 10637:Peace and Democracy Party 10577:Democratic People's Party 10555: 10497: 10488: 10453:Kurdish Supreme Committee 10439: 10419:People's Protection Units 10406: 10397: 10363: 10227: 10184: 10175: 10150: 10131:Kurdistan Free Life Party 10095: 10086: 10066: 10057: 10004: 9975:North Mesopotamian Arabic 9865: 9858: 9841: 9834: 9785:People's Protection Units 9716: 9709: 8742:Shawn Snow (7 May 2017). 8318:. BBC News. 19 March 2019 7489:Cite uses generic title ( 6972:N. Abboud, Samer (2015). 6461:10.1177/00438200211063520 5811:with 245 child soldiers. 5615: 5598:holographic weapon sights 5373: 5108:According to a report in 5040:Jian Judy and Dogan Fadel 4286:Kurdish Supreme Committee 4090:People's Protection Units 3732:American-led intervention 3698:Kurdish–Islamist conflict 3671: 3420: 3185: 3119:Israel–Hezbollah conflict 3036:Qamishli & Al-Hasakah 3021: 2885: 2879:(April 2019 – March 2020) 2784:Sep. 2018 missile strikes 2767: 2590:5th Deir ez-Zor offensive 2549: 2331: 2256:4th Deir ez-Zor offensive 1993: 1872:3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive 1780: 1774:(Sept. 2015 – March 2016) 1552:2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive 1505: 1499:(Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015) 1338:1st Deir ez-Zor offensive 1315: 1306:Rise of the Islamic State 1045:Kurdish–Islamist conflict 939: 754: 748:(Sept. 2011 – April 2012) 658: 617: 405: 347: 337: 329: 324: 310: 148: 131: 123: 108: 89:Kurdish Supreme Committee 77: 69: 57: 42: 37: 13568:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army 13512:Kurdistan Workers' Party 13456:Women's Protection Units 13428:Kurdish National Council 12877:Israel and Golan Heights 12748:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 12590:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani 12349:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 12304:April Turkish airstrikes 12279:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr) 12112:Southern Aleppo campaign 12055:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 11948:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec) 11918:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 11848:Southern Syria Offensive 11482:Talbiseh bakery massacre 11433:First siege of Wadi Deif 11423:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz 11320:January al-Midan bombing 11052:Agreements and dialogues 11033:Syrian Democratic Forces 10649:People's Democracy Party 10589:Democratic Regions Party 10583:Democratic Society Party 10505:Kurdistan Workers' Party 10447:Kurdish National Council 10425:Women's Protection Units 10380:Kurdish Democratic Party 10334:Kurdistan Toilers' Party 10197:Êzîdxan Protection Force 9790:Women's Protection Units 9780:Syrian Democratic Forces 9611:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir 9589:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir 9534:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir 9480:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir 8684:New York Review of Books 8367:. NTNews. Archived from 7218:. BBC News. 16 June 2015 5879:Kurdistan Workers' Party 5650:In February 2018, USA's 5543:battled the YPG and the 5468:Syrian Democratic Forces 4762: 4698: 4684:Women's Protection Units 4670:Women's Protection Units 4664:Women's Protection Units 4629:that may have contained 4556:Syrian Democratic Forces 4308:Control of Kurdish areas 4282:Kurdish National Council 4223:Syrian Democratic Forces 4187:Kurdistan Workers' Party 4133:Women's Protection Units 4102:Syrian Democratic Forces 3351:Kafr Takharim airstrikes 3130:February 2024 airstrikes 3093:3rd U.S. missile strikes 2970:2nd U.S. missile strikes 2761:(Sep. 2018 – April 2019) 2656:U.S.-led missile strikes 2562:Eastern Syria insurgency 2187:Aleppo aid convoy attack 1123:Darayya & Muadamiyat 1066:Tell Hamis and Tell Brak 281:Eastern Syria Insurgency 246:Northern Raqqa offensive 143:Syrian Democratic Forces 28:Women's Protection Units 26:Not to be confused with 14046:International reactions 14031:Human rights violations 13522:Sinjar Resistance Units 13481:Syriac Military Council 13471:Army of Revolutionaries 13406:of North and East Syria 13266:Syrian National Council 13120:Arab Socialist Movement 13041:Operation Spring Shield 12982:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017) 12962:Lebanese border clashes 12856:Northern border clashes 12817:Northwest clashes (Dec) 12797:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes 12699:Kafr-Takharim airstrike 12548:Northern border clashes 12269:March Damascus bombings 12234:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar) 12187:Palmyra offensive (Dec) 12065:Palmyra offensive (Mar) 11898:Palmyra offensive (May) 11743:Battle of Tabqa Airbase 11738:Eastern Syria offensive 11621:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 10528:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks 10516:People's Defence Forces 10346:Service and Reform List 10312:New Generation Movement 10306:Kurdistan Islamic Union 10262:Kurdistan Islamic Group 10203:Sinjar Resistance Units 10125:Kurdistan Freedom Party 9820:Afrin Liberation Forces 9810:Army of Revolutionaries 9800:Syriac Military Council 8696:, by Michael M. Gunter. 7755:"The Tweet of Damocles" 6207:Lin, Christina (2015). 5944:Yekîneyên Parastina Gel 5838:in the summer of 2019. 5670:in April 2017, and the 5545:Army of Revolutionaries 5212:In order to assist the 5135:People's Defense Forces 4597: 4588:Syriac Military Council 4580:Army of Revolutionaries 4449:Syriac Military Council 4414:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 4335:, which were formed in 4276:political parties, the 4121:Syriac Military Council 3960:Northern border clashes 3602:Australian intervention 3336:Russian Su-24 shootdown 3205:Iranian embassy bombing 2794:Northern border clashes 2543:(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018) 2459:Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019) 1404:Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017) 842:Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014) 650:Civil uprising in Syria 534:September–December 2019 519:September–December 2018 504:September–December 2017 489:September–December 2016 444:September–December 2012 429:September–December 2011 189:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 14505:People's Defense Units 14223:Syrian detainee report 14109:UN supervision mission 14099:Friends of Syria Group 14021:Damaged heritage sites 13423:Democratic Union Party 13375:Jordanian intervention 13296:Syrian Patriotic Group 13125:Syrian Communist Party 13036:2020 Balyun airstrikes 12891:February 2018 incident 12538:Qamishli clashes (Sep) 12453:Operation Olive Branch 12294:Shayrat missile strike 12127:Aleppo summer campaign 12117:Battle of al-Rai (Aug) 12030:February Homs bombings 11888:Battle of Yarmouk Camp 11878:Second Battle of Idlib 11591:Khan al-Assal massacre 11554:Ghouta chemical attack 10936:Early insurgency phase 10540:Civil Protection Units 10498:Militant organizations 10407:Militant organizations 10185:Militant organizations 10096:Militant organizations 9870:Flag of Northern Syria 7196:. Jamestown Foundation 6711:. MERIP. 28 July 2020. 6135:. BBC. 23 August 2016. 5981:Waḥdāt Ḥimāyat aš-Šaʽb 5936:یەکینەیێن پاراستنا گەل 5585:, and were armed with 5564:Battle of Tabqa (2017) 5541:Mountain Hawks Brigade 5510: 5494: 5312: 5277:International outreach 5186: 5119: 4679: 4660: 4537:conquest of Tell Abyad 4520: 4512: 4444: 4278:Democratic Union Party 4231:Democratic Union Party 4178:, the Islamic State's 4082:People's Defense Units 4077: 4074:Turkish-occupied Afrin 3563:Operation Martyr Muath 3558:Jordanian intervention 3462:Foreign rebel fighters 3263:February 2018 incident 3195:Lebanese–Syrian border 2876:Second Idlib offensive 2869:Operation Peace Spring 2772:Idlib demilitarization 2757:Idlib demilitarization 2555:3rd Northwestern Syria 2538:Operation Olive Branch 2534:Rebels in retreat and 2336:Eastern Homs offensive 1797:2nd Northwestern Syria 1627:1st Northwestern Syria 933:(May 2012 – Dec. 2013) 673:Homs (May–August 2011) 276:Operation Olive Branch 44: 38:People's Defense Units 14228:Syrian media coverage 14104:Kofi Annan peace plan 13527:Êzîdxan Women's Units 13476:SDF military councils 13206:military intervention 13179:Hezbollah involvement 13134:Military and militias 12977:North Lebanon clashes 12738:Missile strikes (Jan) 12625:Missile strikes (Aug) 12543:Missile strikes (Sep) 12488:Missile strikes (Apr) 12483:Douma chemical attack 12334:Daraa offensive (Jun) 12025:Al-Shaddadi offensive 11963:Tishrin Dam offensive 11843:Daraa Offensive (Jan) 11838:Air Force An-26 crash 11780:Daraa offensive (Oct) 11664:Deir ez-Zor offensive 11530:Battle of Raqqa (Mar) 11330:First Battle of Idlib 11154:Human rights in Syria 11028:Kurdish Area in Syria 10844:Background and causes 10209:Êzîdxan Women's Units 10051:Kurdish organisations 9795:SDF military councils 9721:Libertarian socialism 9454:U.N. Security Council 9322:(Report). para. 191. 9316:U.N. Security Council 9297:Amnesty International 9263:Amnesty International 9228:Amnesty International 9064:Amnesty International 8918:The Kurdistan Tribune 8458:Die Tageszeitung: taz 7334:on 28 December 2015. 7155:. CNN. 9 October 2014 7033:Sydney Morning Herald 6842:. Rudaw. 22 July 2013 6725:. Rudaw. 21 July 2012 5906:AANES–Syria relations 5760:Recruitment of minors 5729:Amnesty International 5722:U.S. State Department 5690:Further information: 5500: 5484: 5378:Further information: 5299: 5286:Further information: 5176: 5141:, who operate in the 5114: 4677: 4658: 4604:al-Shaddadi offensive 4576:Tishrin Dam offensive 4518: 4510: 4442: 4272:Existing underground 4076:(red) in October 2018 4071: 3536:2014 rescue operation 3210:North Lebanon clashes 2862:First Idlib offensive 2677:3rd Southern Damascus 2650:2nd Southern Damascus 2597:1st Southern Damascus 2261:18th Aleppo offensive 2225:17th Aleppo offensive 2212:16th Aleppo offensive 2192:15th Aleppo offensive 2182:Deir ez-Zor airstrike 2101:4th Latakia offensive 1803:3rd Latakia offensive 1511:U.S.-led intervention 1488:U.S.-led intervention 1371:2nd Latakia offensive 1237:1st Latakia offensive 780:Syrian–Turkish border 571:Background and causes 303:2015 Sinjar offensive 298:2014 Sinjar offensive 236:Al-Shaddadi offensive 231:Tishrin Dam offensive 115:militia with several 14418:United Arab Emirates 14136:Geneva II conference 14094:Arab League monitors 14071:Spillover in Lebanon 13980:2018 local elections 13945:2011 local elections 13725:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 13486:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa 13312:Syrian National Army 13286:Syrian Support Group 12812:Operation Claw-Sword 12787:Battle of al-Hasakah 12533:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov) 12374:Hama offensive (Sep) 12224:January Azaz bombing 12137:5 September bombings 11908:Tell Abyad offensive 11706:Battle of Al-Malihah 11606:Battle of Tell Abyad 11601:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 11352:May Battle of Rastan 11149:Damascus Declaration 10993:Russian intervention 10951:Syrian peace process 10941:2012–2013 escalation 10924:Phases and processes 10864:Inter-rebel conflict 10849:Syrian peace process 10723:Kingdom of Kurdistan 10661:People's Labor Party 10163:Kurdish United Front 9985:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 9482:(7 September 2018). 9416:on 21 November 2015. 8345:on 29 September 2017 7241:. AP. Archived from 6343:(24 February 2016). 5809:Hayat Tahrir al-Sham 5656:Trump administration 5636:Diplomatic relations 5579:night vision devices 5074:Martyr Shahid Baqour 4872:236 in 4 battalions 4795:improve this section 4386:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 4376:(Kurdish: Dirbêsî), 4304:from at least 2012. 4164:Turkish Armed Forces 3546:2017 missile strikes 3443:Iran–Israel conflict 3433:Iranian intervention 3225:Turkish F4 shootdown 3108:3rd Northern clashes 3098:2nd Northern clashes 3087:Northwestern clashes 2670:2nd Eastern Qalamoun 2167:1st Eastern Qalamoun 1998:8th Aleppo offensive 1934:2nd Maarat al-Nu'man 1883:7th Aleppo offensive 1862:al-Qamishli bombings 1857:2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin 1836:6th Aleppo offensive 1819:5th Aleppo offensive 1786:Russian intervention 1771:Russian intervention 1692:4th Aleppo offensive 1557:3rd Aleppo offensive 1547:1st Al-Shaykh Maskin 1532:2014 Idlib city raid 1321:Inter-rebel conflict 1095:Abu al-Duhur Airbase 1080:Nubl & Al-Zahraa 1031:2nd Aleppo offensive 1025:1st Aleppo offensive 688:1st Jisr ash-Shughur 474:August–December 2015 464:August–December 2014 221:Battle of Al-Hasakah 216:Tell Abyad offensive 206:Al-Hasakah offensive 184:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 162:2012 Rojava campaign 21:YPG (disambiguation) 14026:Foreign involvement 13905:Abdurrahman Mustafa 13860:Yassin al-Haj Saleh 13825:Abdul Halim Khaddam 13337:Army of Free Tribes 13305:Opposition militias 13196:Russian involvement 13184:Iranian involvement 13141:Syrian Armed Forces 12920:Operation al-Shabah 12886:March 2017 incident 12605:Tell Rifaat clashes 12421:Beit Jinn offensive 12414:Abu Kamal offensive 12354:Idlib clashes (Jul) 12324:East Hama offensive 12045:Battle of Tel Abyad 11785:Al-Safira offensive 11775:Homs school bombing 11564:Battle of al-Qusayr 11559:Al-Qusayr offensive 11362:Battle of al-Haffah 11335:Battle of al-Qusayr 11211:May Talkalakh siege 11119:Corrective Movement 10998:Turkish involvement 10988:Russian involvement 10738:Republic of Mahabad 10718:Kurdish nationalism 9775:Self-Defense Forces 9136:on 12 November 2020 9092:. 13 October 2015. 8828:on 23 February 2016 8418:lowyinterpreter.org 7640:Hürriyet Daily News 7449:Süddeutsche Zeitung 7372:Stanford University 7352:. 1 February 2016. 7302:on 24 February 2016 7089:on 9 December 2013. 6949:on 20 February 2016 6912:on 20 February 2016 6875:on 20 February 2016 6817:on 20 February 2016 6784:. AFP. 17 July 2013 6353:(in German). Berlin 5682:in September 2017. 5505:armored vehicle in 5112:regarding the YPG, 5051:Jazira – Girkê Legê 5034:Jazira – al-Hasakah 4582:, the tribal group 4247:2004 Qamishli riots 4160:Syrian rebel groups 4141:its Kurdish regions 3597:French intervention 3592:German intervention 3467:Turkish involvement 3438:2017 missile strike 3428:Russian involvement 3370:Spillover in Europe 3331:Spillover in Turkey 3311:2017 Tehran attacks 3061:3rd Al-Hasakah city 2126:3rd Al-Hasakah City 2048:Jableh & Tartus 2038:3rd Shaer gas field 1904:2nd Sayyidah Zaynab 1877:1st Sayyidah Zaynab 1682:2nd Al-Hasakah city 1650:1st Al-Hasakah city 1587:Hama/Homs offensive 1567:4th Daraa offensive 1542:2nd Shaer gas field 1522:3rd Daraa offensive 1517:Homs school bombing 1410:1st Shaer gas field 1366:2nd Daraa offensive 1309:(Jan. – Sept. 2014) 1207:Al-Qusayr offensive 1175:1st Daraa offensive 745:Start of insurgency 693:1st Jabal al-Zawiya 683:Rastan and Talbiseh 652:(March–August 2011) 14305:Militaries of the 13845:Ali Mahmoud Othman 13291:Adopt a Revolution 13254:National Coalition 13246:Interim government 12846:Damascus airstrike 12753:US airstrike (Jun) 12743:US airstrike (Feb) 12709:Deir ez-Zor ambush 12650:Qah missile strike 12528:As-Suwayda attacks 12523:Southern offensive 12364:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug) 12274:Al-Jinah airstrike 12040:Khanasir offensive 11760:Quneitra offensive 11520:Damascus offensive 11515:Battle of Shadadeh 11377:Battle of Damascus 11367:Al-Qubeir massacre 11345:Battle of Taftanaz 11256:Battle of Zabadani 10733:Republic of Ararat 10728:Kurdistansky Uyezd 10522:Free Women's Units 10219:Fayli Kurd Brigade 9591:(30 August 2020). 9432:Human Rights Watch 9359:Human Rights Watch 9193:on 8 December 2015 8767:The New York Times 8046:. 8 December 2015. 7871:The New York Times 7786:. 14 November 2022 7732:. 22 November 2022 7563:The New York Times 7133:on 14 October 2014 6321:. 21 November 2017 6196:. 16 January 2018. 6038:. 13 November 2013 5819:Fight For Humanity 5780:Deed of Commitment 5766:Human Rights Watch 5621:Kurdish militias. 5568:YPG special forces 5511: 5495: 5491:Turkish airstrikes 5403:in the village of 5313: 5282:Foreign volunteers 5187: 5091:Martyr Haboun Arab 4968:Martyr Bahoz Afrin 4866:Martyr Xebat Dêrik 4680: 4661: 4606:, followed by the 4535:culminated in the 4521: 4513: 4445: 4203:NATO accession bid 4117:foreign volunteers 4096:militant group in 4078: 4052:Turkish Airstrikes 3924:Eastern insurgency 3904:Turkish airstrikes 3873:2nd Western al-Bab 3868:1st Western al-Bab 3759:Western al-Hasakah 3749:Eastern al-Hasakah 3553:Qatari involvement 3307:Spillover in Iran 3103:Deir ez-Zor (2023) 2699:2nd Southern Syria 2494:7th Hama offensive 2477:Euphrates Crossing 2372:Aleppo bus bombing 2347:6th Hama offensive 2218:2nd Raqqa campaign 2207:2nd Western al-Bab 2172:September bombings 2162:1st Western al-Bab 2156:5th Hama offensive 2067:2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa 1889:1st Ithriyah-Raqqa 1842:4th Hama offensive 1729:Kuweires offensive 1537:Nusra–FSA conflict 1429:3rd Hama offensive 1227:2nd Hama offensive 1164:1st Raqqa campaign 1134:1st Hama offensive 524:January–April 2019 509:January–April 2018 494:January–April 2017 479:January–April 2016 449:January–April 2013 434:January–April 2012 419:January–April 2011 14523: 14522: 14272: 14271: 14250: 14249: 14246: 14245: 14203:Exclusive mandate 14180:War crimes trials 14151:2016 Geneva talks 13918: 13917: 13910:Fadlallah al-Haji 13865:Bouthaina Shaaban 13648: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13640: 13639: 13535: 13534: 13466:Al-Sanadid Forces 13461:Anti-Terror Units 13398: 13397: 13231: 13230: 13146:Syrian Resistance 13102:Politics of Syria 13074: 13073: 13070: 13069: 13066: 13065: 12841:Al-Sukhnah attack 12802:Jarqli airstrikes 12684:COVID-19 pandemic 12640:November bombings 12458:Battle of Khasham 12404:Mayadin offensive 12389:Battle of Harasta 12259:Palmyra offensive 11943:Al-Hawl offensive 11903:Qamishli bombings 11701:Latakia Offensive 11659:Battle of Markada 11472:Battle of Darayya 11448:Battle of Darayya 11372:Battle of Tremseh 11191:Syrian Revolution 11124:Islamist uprising 11076: 11075: 11072: 11071: 10931:Syrian revolution 10874:Cities and towns 10761: 10760: 10699: 10698: 10557:Political parties 10511:Kurdish Hizbollah 10484: 10483: 10440:Political parties 10393: 10392: 10373:Political parties 10359: 10358: 10228:Political parties 10171: 10170: 10151:Political parties 10082: 10081: 10067:Political parties 10017: 10016: 10000: 9999: 9854: 9853: 9830: 9829: 9805:Al-Sanadid Forces 9751:Political parties 9741:Foreign Relations 9117:on 17 March 2017. 9066:. 13 October 2015 8709:. 30 October 2015 8645:. 12 October 2015 8412:Lauren Williams. 7897:Radio Free Europe 7586:. 30 January 2018 7374:. 31 August 2017. 7107:on 8 October 2014 7083:Firat News Agency 6985:978-0-7456-9801-4 6755:on 8 January 2013 5978: 5970:وحدات حماية الشعب 5941: 5901:YPG–FSA relations 5773:Secretary General 5727:In October 2015, 5626:Rashid Abu Khawla 5429:Al-Baghuz Fawqani 5393:Haukur Hilmarsson 5370:on 10 June 2015. 5353:Haukur Hilmarsson 5288:YPG International 5143:Mount Sinjar area 5101: 5100: 5077:30 September 2017 4992:Date Established 4978: 4977: 4852:Date Established 4831: 4830: 4823: 4616:Aleppo offensives 4592:economy of Rojava 4586:and the Assyrian 4584:al-Sanadid Forces 4572:al-Hawl offensive 4560:Euphrates Volcano 4531:and from Hasakah 4484:close air support 4469:Euphrates Volcano 4261:erupted in 2011. 4065: 4064: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3587:Dutch involvement 3575:Saudi involvement 3378: 3377: 3346:Balyun airstrikes 3268:May 2018 incident 3230:Reyhanlı bombings 3190:Lebanon spillover 3143: 3142: 3113:Homs drone strike 2983: 2982: 2934:Northern bombings 2828: 2827: 2723: 2722: 2584:3rd Syrian Desert 2502: 2501: 2466:2nd Eastern Syria 2387:2nd Syrian Desert 2366:US Shayrat strike 2289: 2288: 2241:1st Syrian Desert 1976:Aleppo escalation 1942: 1941: 1737: 1736: 1454: 1453: 1416:1st Eastern Syria 1272: 1271: 1232:Bayda and Baniyas 894: 893: 711: 710: 469:January–July 2015 459:January–July 2014 454:May–December 2013 361: 360: 333:Mahmoud Berkhadan 330:General Commander 226:Al-Hawl offensive 14588: 14477:Non-state actors 14315:Sovereign states 14299: 14292: 14285: 14276: 14275: 14262: 14261: 14036:Humanitarian aid 14016:Chemical weapons 14011:Cities and towns 13935: 13934: 13924: 13923: 13880:Fadwa Souleimane 13870:Abdulbaset Sieda 13850:Ibrahim Qashoush 13840:Ali Habib Mahmud 13750:Hamza al-Khateeb 13745:Kamal al-Labwani 13735:Haitham al-Maleh 13730:Suheil al-Hassan 13668:Ammar Abdulhamid 13654: 13653: 13627:Malhama Tactical 13612:Caucasus Emirate 13546: 13545: 13411: 13410: 13317:Free Syrian Army 13242: 13241: 13098: 13097: 13091: 13090: 13080: 13079: 12873: 12872: 12830: 12776: 12722: 12704:Ayn Issa clashes 12673: 12561: 12434: 12359:Central campaign 12254:Qaboun offensive 12200: 12177:Battle of al-Bab 12100:Manbij offensive 11981: 11823: 11686:Al-Otaiba ambush 11639: 11510:Battle of Safira 11495: 11465:Halfaya massacre 11416:Darayya massacre 11399:Siege of Base 46 11394:Battle of Anadan 11389:Battle of Aleppo 11325:Battle of Rastan 11301: 11273:Battle of Rastan 11241:Siege of Latakia 11206:Siege of Baniyas 11172: 11129:Latakia protests 11095: 11094: 11082: 11081: 10834:Syrian civil war 10814: 10813: 10803: 10802: 10795:Syrian civil war 10788: 10781: 10774: 10765: 10764: 10743:Kurdistan Region 10595:Free Cause Party 10495: 10494: 10404: 10403: 10370: 10369: 10214:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê 10182: 10181: 10093: 10092: 10064: 10063: 10044: 10037: 10030: 10021: 10020: 9970:Northern Kurdish 9863: 9862: 9839: 9838: 9714: 9713: 9695: 9688: 9681: 9672: 9671: 9651: 9623: 9622: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9585: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9574: 9569:. 29 August 2020 9559: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9536:(15 July 2020). 9530: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9519: 9514:. 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October 2015. 9044: 9036: 9030: 9029: 9023: 9021: 9006: 9000: 8999: 8989: 8983: 8982: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8952: 8946: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8927: 8925: 8910: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8870: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8854:on 28 March 2016 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8778: 8772: 8771: 8758: 8752: 8751: 8739: 8733: 8732: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8703: 8697: 8691: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8661: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8621: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8595: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8569: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8558: 8543: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8483: 8477: 8476: 8474: 8472: 8449: 8443: 8442: 8435: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8409: 8403: 8402: 8397:. 11 June 2015. 8395:Xinhua (Beijing) 8387: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8371:on 1 August 2015 8361: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8312: 8306: 8305: 8293: 8287: 8286: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8223: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8164: 8158: 8157: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8061: 8054: 8048: 8047: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7940: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7915: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7861: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7835: 7824: 7823: 7813: 7805: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7751: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7722: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7693: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7632: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7602: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7591: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7504: 7495: 7494: 7487: 7485: 7477: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7417: 7411: 7400: 7394: 7393: 7382: 7376: 7375: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7318: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7250: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7212: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7075: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6956: 6954: 6948: 6942:. Archived from 6941: 6932: 6926: 6925: 6919: 6917: 6911: 6905:. Archived from 6904: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6874: 6868:. Archived from 6867: 6858: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6822: 6816: 6810:. Archived from 6809: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6760: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6666: 6658: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6627: 6625: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6540: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6491: 6485: 6484: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6213: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6151:Business Insider 6143: 6137: 6136: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6081: 6075: 6074: 6066: 6060: 6054: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6002: 5985: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5955: 5950: 5946: 5940:romanized: 5939: 5937: 5928: 5862: 5857: 5856: 5805:Syrian civil war 5628:the head of the 5602:STANAG magazines 5452:Matthew Gardiner 5271:Free Syrian Army 5265:and even the US 5094:14 November 2017 5026:18 February 2017 5009:13 February 2017 4980: 4979: 4971:18 November 2017 4903:Early June? 2017 4869:27 February 2017 4840: 4839: 4826: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4806: 4775: 4767: 4752: 4740: 4728: 4716: 4608:Manbij offensive 4461:Free Syrian Army 4290:Syrian Kurdistan 4259:Syrian civil war 4150:(IS) during the 4129:Syrian Civil War 3987:Rojava offensive 3862:Euphrates Shield 3666: 3663: 3662:Syrian civil war 3656: 3646: 3639: 3632: 3623: 3622: 3482:Euphrates Shield 3415: 3413: 3403: 3396: 3389: 3380: 3379: 3180: 3178: 3168: 3161: 3154: 3145: 3144: 3016: 3008: 3001: 2994: 2985: 2984: 2950:5th Northwestern 2902:Raqqa & Azaz 2891:4th Northwestern 2880: 2877: 2870: 2863: 2853: 2846: 2839: 2830: 2829: 2800:Daraa insurgency 2762: 2758: 2748: 2741: 2734: 2725: 2724: 2634:10th Rif Dimashq 2544: 2539: 2527: 2520: 2513: 2504: 2503: 2472:Deir ez-Zor city 2326: 2321:Collapse of the 2314: 2307: 2300: 2291: 2290: 1988: 1985: 1983:Euphrates Shield 1977: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1944: 1943: 1924:2nd Al-Qaryatayn 1775: 1772: 1762: 1755: 1748: 1739: 1738: 1714:1st al-Qaryatayn 1662:Daraa/As-Suwayda 1621:2nd Yarmouk camp 1611:Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya 1500: 1489: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1456: 1455: 1346:al-Otaiba ambush 1310: 1307: 1297: 1290: 1283: 1274: 1273: 1110:1st Yarmouk camp 1039:Syrian Kurdistan 934: 919: 912: 905: 896: 895: 749: 746: 736: 729: 722: 713: 712: 653: 642: 635: 628: 619: 618: 399: 398:Syrian civil war 390: 383: 376: 367: 366: 320: 319: 317:Official website 251:Manbij offensive 211:Battle of Sarrin 167:Battle of Aleppo 153:Syrian Civil War 141: 140: 139: 99: 98: 97: 87: 86: 85: 62: 53: 52: 47: 35: 34: 14596: 14595: 14591: 14590: 14589: 14587: 14586: 14585: 14526: 14525: 14524: 14519: 14509: 14500:Houthi movement 14471: 14455: 14427: 14309: 14303: 14273: 14268: 14242: 14191: 14175: 14080: 13994: 13929: 13914: 13895:Razan Zaitouneh 13800:Burhan Ghalioun 13775:Ammar al-Qurabi 13683:al-Assad family 13673:Ali al-Abdallah 13659: 13636: 13622:Junud al-Makhdi 13617:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 13587: 13531: 13495: 13437: 13415:DFNS Government 13405: 13394: 13370:US intervention 13362:Foreign support 13356: 13300: 13227: 13189:Liwa Fatemiyoun 13171:Foreign support 13165: 13156:al-Quds Brigade 13129: 13085: 13062: 13045: 12986: 12967:Battle of Sidon 12947: 12929: 12900: 12860: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12570: 12566: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12443: 12439: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12329:Battle of Raqqa 12284:Battle of Tabqa 12209: 12205: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12157:Dabiq offensive 12105:Tokhar massacre 11990: 11986: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11913:Kobanî massacre 11873:Idlib Offensive 11868:Battle of Bosra 11828: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11770:Siege of Kobanî 11726:Battle of Arsal 11691:Idlib offensive 11671:Battle of Morek 11644: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11537:Daraa offensive 11500: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11438:Battle of Harem 11310: 11306: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11261:Battle of Douma 11181: 11177: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11134:Damascus Spring 11089: 11068: 11047: 11043:U.S. task force 11038:Rojava conflict 10976: 10955: 10919: 10888: 10808: 10797: 10792: 10762: 10757: 10695: 10571:Democracy Party 10551: 10480: 10435: 10389: 10355: 10223: 10167: 10146: 10078: 10053: 10048: 10018: 10013: 9996: 9850: 9826: 9705: 9699: 9658: 9650:on 1 July 2018. 9632: 9627: 9626: 9613:(22 May 2021). 9608: 9604: 9586: 9582: 9572: 9570: 9561: 9560: 9556: 9546: 9544: 9531: 9527: 9517: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9506: 9502: 9492: 9490: 9477: 9473: 9463: 9461: 9456:(16 May 2018). 9451: 9447: 9437: 9435: 9434:. 3 August 2018 9426: 9425: 9421: 9404: 9403: 9399: 9378: 9374: 9364: 9362: 9353: 9352: 9348: 9335: 9334: 9330: 9318:(5 June 2015). 9313: 9309: 9291: 9287: 9286: 9282: 9269: 9267: 9257: 9253: 9252: 9248: 9234: 9232: 9222: 9218: 9217: 9210: 9196: 9194: 9190: 9183: 9179: 9178: 9171: 9161: 9159: 9158:. 14 March 2017 9154: 9153: 9149: 9139: 9137: 9126: 9122: 9105: 9104: 9100: 9084: 9083: 9079: 9069: 9067: 9058: 9057: 9053: 9042: 9038: 9037: 9033: 9019: 9017: 9007: 9003: 8991: 8990: 8986: 8971: 8967: 8954: 8953: 8949: 8941: 8937: 8923: 8921: 8920:. 16 March 2016 8912: 8911: 8907: 8897: 8895: 8890: 8889: 8885: 8872: 8871: 8867: 8857: 8855: 8846: 8845: 8841: 8831: 8829: 8820: 8819: 8815: 8798: 8797: 8793: 8786:Washington Post 8780: 8779: 8775: 8760: 8759: 8755: 8740: 8736: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8712: 8710: 8705: 8704: 8700: 8676: 8672: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8648: 8646: 8641: 8640: 8636: 8623: 8622: 8618: 8608: 8606: 8597: 8596: 8592: 8582: 8580: 8570: 8566: 8556: 8554: 8545: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8528: 8510: 8506: 8496: 8494: 8485: 8484: 8480: 8470: 8468: 8450: 8446: 8437: 8436: 8432: 8422: 8420: 8410: 8406: 8389: 8388: 8384: 8374: 8372: 8363: 8362: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8335: 8331: 8321: 8319: 8314: 8313: 8309: 8294: 8290: 8277: 8276: 8272: 8262: 8260: 8259:on 2 March 2015 8251: 8250: 8246: 8236: 8234: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8210: 8208: 8200: 8199: 8195: 8185: 8183: 8165: 8161: 8148: 8147: 8143: 8133: 8131: 8123:Arab, The New. 8121: 8117: 8107: 8105: 8087: 8083: 8073: 8071: 8064:Telegraph.co.uk 8056: 8055: 8051: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7995: 7985: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7964: 7963: 7959: 7949: 7947: 7942: 7941: 7934: 7924: 7922: 7917: 7916: 7912: 7902: 7900: 7891: 7890: 7886: 7876: 7874: 7862: 7858: 7848: 7846: 7836: 7827: 7806: 7799: 7789: 7787: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7763: 7761: 7753: 7752: 7745: 7735: 7733: 7724: 7723: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7694: 7681: 7671: 7669: 7659: 7655: 7645: 7643: 7634: 7633: 7626: 7616: 7614: 7604: 7603: 7599: 7589: 7587: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7554: 7550: 7533: 7529: 7519: 7517: 7505: 7498: 7488: 7479: 7478: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7441: 7437: 7427: 7425: 7418: 7414: 7410:. 9 April 2016. 7401: 7397: 7384: 7383: 7379: 7366: 7365: 7361: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7305: 7303: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7279: 7277: 7265: 7261: 7248: 7246: 7245:on 17 June 2015 7235: 7231: 7221: 7219: 7214: 7213: 7209: 7199: 7197: 7186: 7182: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7125: 7124: 7120: 7110: 7108: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7077: 7076: 7069: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7038: 7036: 7026: 7025: 7021: 7011: 7009: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6986: 6970: 6966: 6952: 6950: 6946: 6939: 6933: 6929: 6915: 6913: 6909: 6902: 6896: 6892: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6865: 6859: 6855: 6845: 6843: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6807: 6801: 6797: 6787: 6785: 6782:Al-Ahram Weekly 6776: 6775: 6771: 6758: 6756: 6749:Scientia Humana 6743: 6742: 6738: 6728: 6726: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6680: 6676: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6641: 6637: 6623: 6621: 6609: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6578: 6576: 6566: 6562: 6552: 6550: 6542: 6541: 6537: 6527: 6525: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6492: 6488: 6441: 6437: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6413: 6411: 6408:Financial Times 6399: 6395: 6385: 6383: 6370: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6338: 6334: 6324: 6322: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6255: 6251: 6241: 6239: 6227: 6223: 6211: 6205: 6201: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6173: 6171: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6082: 6078: 6067: 6063: 6055: 6051: 6041: 6039: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6012:on 24 July 2012 6004: 6003: 5994: 5989: 5988: 5957: 5956: 5948: 5929: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5858: 5851: 5848: 5762: 5711: 5706: 5688: 5680:Battle of Raqqa 5664: 5644: 5638: 5618: 5523:siege of Kobanî 5513:In August 2014 5479: 5470: 5464: 5450:and politician 5441: 5433:Lorenzo Orsetti 5382: 5376: 5349:Lorenzo Orsetti 5294: 5284: 5279: 5171: 5165: 5157:Afrin Offensive 5106: 5057:Qereçox Martyrs 4954:23 October 2017 4900:Martyr Rojhilet 4827: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4792: 4776: 4765: 4760: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4753: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4721: 4720: 4717: 4708: 4707: 4701: 4696: 4688:siege of Kobanî 4672: 4666: 4653: 4647: 4631:chemical agents 4600: 4552: 4505: 4473:siege of Kobanî 4437: 4416: 4410: 4390:Ghuraba al-Sham 4361: 4310: 4267: 4243: 4152:siege of Kobanî 4088:), also called 4066: 4061: 4057:2nd Deir ez-Zor 4023:6th al-Qamishli 3955:4th al-Qamishli 3919:1st Deir ez-Zor 3851:3rd al-Qamishli 3836:2nd al-Qamishli 3804:1st al-Qamishli 3667: 3661: 3658: 3655:Rojava conflict 3654: 3652: 3650: 3620: 3611: 3607:UK intervention 3531:List of attacks 3521:US intervention 3497:Afrin operation 3487:2017 airstrikes 3416: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3374: 3366: 3365: 3357: 3327: 3304: 3293:Western Nineveh 3274: 3254: 3246: 3216: 3181: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3139: 3071:Jabal al-Bishrī 3017: 3014: 3012: 2979: 2881: 2875: 2868: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2824: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2719: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2533: 2531: 2498: 2327: 2320: 2318: 2285: 2138:Northern al-Bab 2072:9th Rif Dimashq 2033:8th Rif Dimashq 2028:Aleppo bombings 1989: 1981: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1938: 1810:Su-24 shootdown 1776: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1733: 1724:7th Rif Dimashq 1501: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1450: 1434:6th Rif Dimashq 1327:Northern Aleppo 1311: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1268: 1252:5th Rif Dimashq 1187:Jdaidet al-Fadl 1181:4th Rif Dimashq 1105:3rd Rif Dimashq 1085:2nd Rif Dimashq 1051:Hasaka campaign 1009:Menagh Air Base 935: 925: 923: 890: 824:1st Rif Dimashq 785:Jabal al-Zawiya 750: 744: 742: 740: 707: 654: 648: 646: 613: 566: 536: 529:May–August 2019 514:May–August 2018 499:May–August 2017 484:May–August 2016 439:May–August 2012 424:May–August 2011 401: 397: 394: 364: 349: 315: 314: 292:Iraqi Civil War 201:Siege of Kobanî 157:Rojava conflict 137: 135: 104: 95: 93: 92: 83: 81: 65: 64:Flag of the YPG 48: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14594: 14584: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14521: 14520: 14514: 14511: 14510: 14508: 14507: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14481: 14479: 14473: 14472: 14470: 14469: 14463: 14461: 14457: 14456: 14454: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14437: 14435: 14429: 14428: 14426: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14395: 14390: 14385: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14319: 14317: 14311: 14310: 14302: 14301: 14294: 14287: 14279: 14270: 14269: 14267: 14266: 14255: 14252: 14251: 14248: 14247: 14244: 14243: 14241: 14240: 14235: 14230: 14225: 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14199: 14197: 14196:Related topics 14193: 14192: 14190: 14189: 14183: 14181: 14177: 14176: 14174: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14126:39th G8 summit 14123: 14118: 14113: 14112: 14111: 14101: 14096: 14090: 14088: 14082: 14081: 14079: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14002: 14000: 13996: 13995: 13993: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13941: 13939: 13931: 13930: 13920: 13919: 13916: 13915: 13913: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13835:Bassma Kodmani 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13805:Razan Ghazzawi 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13755:Tal al-Mallohi 13752: 13747: 13742: 13740:Moaz al-Khatib 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13720:Anwar al-Bunni 13717: 13712: 13711: 13710: 13708:Hafez Makhlouf 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13680: 13678:Adnan al-Aroor 13675: 13670: 13664: 13661: 13660: 13650: 13649: 13646: 13645: 13642: 13641: 13638: 13637: 13635: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13602:Tahrir al-Sham 13598: 13596: 13589: 13588: 13586: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13554: 13552: 13543: 13537: 13536: 13533: 13532: 13530: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13503: 13501: 13497: 13496: 13494: 13493: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13447: 13445: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13419: 13417: 13408: 13400: 13399: 13396: 13395: 13393: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13366: 13364: 13358: 13357: 13355: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13308: 13306: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13262: 13261: 13250: 13248: 13239: 13233: 13232: 13229: 13228: 13226: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13214: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13193: 13192: 13191: 13181: 13175: 13173: 13167: 13166: 13164: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13137: 13135: 13131: 13130: 13128: 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13106: 13104: 13095: 13087: 13086: 13076: 13075: 13072: 13071: 13068: 13067: 13064: 13063: 13061: 13060: 13053: 13051: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12997: 12995: 12988: 12987: 12985: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12958: 12956: 12949: 12948: 12946: 12945: 12939: 12937: 12931: 12930: 12928: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12915:Akashat ambush 12911: 12909: 12902: 12901: 12899: 12898: 12893: 12888: 12882: 12880: 12870: 12862: 12861: 12859: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12837: 12835: 12823: 12822: 12820: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12783: 12781: 12769: 12768: 12766: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12729: 12727: 12715: 12714: 12712: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12680: 12678: 12666: 12665: 12663: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12585:Manbij bombing 12582: 12576: 12574: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12449: 12447: 12427: 12426: 12424: 12423: 12418: 12417: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12299:Aleppo bombing 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12215: 12213: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12172:Raqqa campaign 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12108: 12107: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11996: 11994: 11974: 11973: 11971: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11834: 11832: 11816: 11815: 11813: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11755:Hama Offensive 11752: 11747: 11746: 11745: 11735: 11730: 11729: 11728: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11696:Battle of Hosn 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11667: 11666: 11661: 11650: 11648: 11632: 11631: 11629: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11581:Hatla massacre 11578: 11576:Hama offensive 11573: 11568: 11567: 11566: 11556: 11551: 11550: 11549: 11539: 11534: 11533: 11532: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11506: 11504: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11468: 11467: 11460:Hama offensive 11457: 11455:Aqrab massacre 11452: 11451: 11450: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11419: 11418: 11408: 11403: 11402: 11401: 11396: 11386: 11385: 11384: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11357:Houla massacre 11354: 11349: 11348: 11347: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11316: 11314: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11258: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11201:Siege of Daraa 11198: 11193: 11187: 11185: 11165: 11164: 11162: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11139:Qamishli riots 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11105: 11103: 11091: 11090: 11078: 11077: 11074: 11073: 11070: 11069: 11067: 11066: 11061: 11055: 11053: 11049: 11048: 11046: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10984: 10982: 10978: 10977: 10975: 10974: 10969: 10963: 10961: 10960:World reaction 10957: 10956: 10954: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10927: 10925: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10896: 10894: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10820: 10818: 10817:Main overviews 10810: 10809: 10799: 10798: 10791: 10790: 10783: 10776: 10768: 10759: 10758: 10756: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10704: 10701: 10700: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10693: 10687: 10681: 10676: 10670: 10664: 10658: 10652: 10646: 10640: 10634: 10628: 10622: 10616: 10610: 10604: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10580: 10574: 10568: 10561: 10559: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10549: 10543: 10537: 10531: 10525: 10519: 10513: 10508: 10501: 10499: 10492: 10486: 10485: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10478: 10472: 10467: 10461: 10455: 10450: 10443: 10441: 10437: 10436: 10434: 10433: 10428: 10422: 10416: 10410: 10408: 10401: 10395: 10394: 10391: 10390: 10388: 10387: 10382: 10376: 10374: 10367: 10361: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10337: 10331: 10325: 10320: 10318:Kurdistan List 10315: 10309: 10303: 10297: 10292: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10265: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10243: 10237: 10231: 10229: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10200: 10194: 10188: 10186: 10179: 10173: 10172: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10154: 10152: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10128: 10122: 10116: 10110: 10105: 10099: 10097: 10090: 10084: 10083: 10080: 10079: 10077: 10076: 10070: 10068: 10061: 10055: 10054: 10047: 10046: 10039: 10032: 10024: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10011: 10005: 10002: 10001: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9994: 9993: 9992: 9990:Syrian Turkmen 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9964: 9963: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9919: 9918: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9877: 9872: 9866: 9860: 9856: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9848: 9842: 9836: 9832: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9825: 9824: 9823: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9777: 9772: 9771: 9770: 9765: 9755: 9754: 9753: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9717: 9711: 9707: 9706: 9704: articles 9698: 9697: 9690: 9683: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9657: 9656:External links 9654: 9653: 9652: 9631: 9628: 9625: 9624: 9602: 9580: 9554: 9525: 9500: 9471: 9445: 9419: 9397: 9372: 9361:. 15 July 2015 9346: 9343:. 3 July 2017. 9328: 9307: 9280: 9246: 9208: 9169: 9147: 9120: 9098: 9077: 9051: 9031: 9001: 8984: 8965: 8947: 8935: 8905: 8883: 8865: 8839: 8813: 8810:on 9 May 2017. 8791: 8773: 8753: 8748:Military Times 8734: 8720: 8698: 8670: 8656: 8634: 8616: 8590: 8564: 8538: 8518:The New Yorker 8504: 8478: 8444: 8430: 8404: 8382: 8356: 8329: 8307: 8288: 8270: 8244: 8233:. 5 March 2017 8218: 8193: 8159: 8141: 8115: 8081: 8049: 8031: 8005: 7979: 7957: 7932: 7910: 7884: 7856: 7825: 7818:) – via 7797: 7771: 7743: 7714: 7679: 7653: 7624: 7597: 7569: 7548: 7545:. Erbil, Iraq. 7527: 7514:IHS Jane's 360 7496: 7461: 7435: 7412: 7395: 7392:. 25 May 2016. 7390:Deutsche Welle 7377: 7359: 7341: 7313: 7287: 7274:Foreign Policy 7259: 7229: 7207: 7180: 7166: 7144: 7118: 7092: 7067: 7046: 7019: 6991: 6984: 6964: 6927: 6890: 6853: 6831: 6795: 6769: 6736: 6714: 6700: 6674: 6653: 6635: 6603: 6586: 6560: 6535: 6524:. 21 July 2017 6507: 6486: 6435: 6421: 6393: 6364: 6332: 6304: 6291:Deutsche Welle 6277: 6249: 6221: 6199: 6181: 6169:www.mfa.gov.tr 6156: 6153:. 27 May 2016. 6138: 6124: 6102: 6076: 6061: 6049: 6023: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5847: 5844: 5836:United Nations 5770:United Nations 5764:In June 2014, 5761: 5758: 5745:United Nations 5710: 5707: 5687: 5684: 5663: 5660: 5637: 5634: 5617: 5614: 5589:equipped with 5572:combat helmets 5478: 5475: 5463: 5460: 5448:trade unionist 5440: 5437: 5407:, Afrin. As a 5399:attack by the 5375: 5372: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5242:M1224 Maxxpros 5164: 5161: 5153:suicide attack 5105: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4938: 4937:27 August 2017 4935: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4917:Martyr Mazloum 4915: 4912: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4829: 4828: 4811:September 2022 4779: 4777: 4770: 4764: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4668:Main article: 4665: 4662: 4646: 4643: 4639:Jaysh al-Islam 4623:Sheikh Maqsood 4599: 4596: 4551: 4548: 4504: 4501: 4436: 4433: 4412:Main article: 4409: 4406: 4370:al-Nusra Front 4360: 4357: 4339:, Kobanî, and 4309: 4306: 4294:Sheikh Maqsood 4280:(PYD) and the 4266: 4263: 4251:Saddam Hussein 4242: 4239: 4227:Anadolu Agency 4219:Raymond Thomas 4207:Sauli Niinistö 4172:Raqqa campaign 4063: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4035:5th al-Hasakah 4026: 4025: 4020: 4009: 4008: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3994: 3992:2nd Ras al-Ayn 3984: 3979: 3977:Baghuz Fawqani 3974: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3890: 3889: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3858: 3856:3rd al-Hasakah 3853: 3848: 3843: 3841:Northern Raqqa 3838: 3833: 3831:3rd Tell Abyad 3828: 3823: 3818: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3779:2nd al-Hasakah 3776: 3771: 3769:2nd Tell Abyad 3766: 3764:1st al-Hasakah 3761: 3756: 3751: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3703:1st Tell Abyad 3689: 3688: 3686:1st Ras al-Ayn 3682: 3681: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3649: 3648: 3641: 3634: 3626: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3583: 3582: 3572: 3570:Lebanon's role 3567: 3566: 3565: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3464: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3430: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3406: 3405: 3398: 3391: 3383: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3372: 3364: 3363: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3326: 3325: 3324: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3273: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3253: 3252: 3245: 3244: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3171: 3170: 3163: 3156: 3148: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3011: 3010: 3003: 2996: 2988: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2966: 2965: 2958: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2923:2nd Ras al-Ayn 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2856: 2855: 2848: 2841: 2833: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2818:U.S. airstrike 2812:Baghuz Fawqani 2808: 2806:Manbij bombing 2803: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2780: 2779: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2751: 2750: 2743: 2736: 2728: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2710:3rd As-Suwayda 2707: 2705:2nd As-Suwayda 2702: 2695: 2693:1st As-Suwayda 2690: 2688:House of Cards 2685: 2680: 2673: 2666: 2659: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2615:SDF insurgency 2611: 2599: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2558: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2530: 2529: 2522: 2515: 2507: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2462: 2455: 2448: 2443: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2414:Southern Raqqa 2411: 2406: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2362: 2357: 2350: 2343: 2341:al-Jina mosque 2338: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2317: 2316: 2309: 2302: 2294: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2221: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2050: 2045: 2043:Northern Raqqa 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1970: 1969: 1962: 1955: 1947: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1832: 1830:Homs offensive 1827: 1822: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1765: 1764: 1757: 1750: 1742: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1635: 1630: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1604:2nd Idlib city 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1572:Southern Syria 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1482: 1481: 1474: 1467: 1459: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1448: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1412: 1407: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1376:4th Idlib Gov. 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1329: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1300: 1299: 1292: 1285: 1277: 1270: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1221:Eastern Ghouta 1217: 1216: 1215: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1194: 1189: 1177: 1172: 1160: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1131: 1126: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 994: 993: 992: 980: 977:3rd Idlib Gov. 973: 968: 963: 958: 951: 946: 940: 937: 936: 931:Rebel advances 922: 921: 914: 907: 899: 892: 891: 889: 888: 887: 886: 879:2nd Idlib Gov. 876: 871: 866: 865: 864: 852: 851: 850: 838: 837: 836: 831: 821: 814: 809: 804: 799: 798: 797: 792: 790:1st Idlib City 787: 782: 774:1st Idlib Gov. 770: 769: 768: 766:Homs offensive 760:Homs (2011–14) 755: 752: 751: 739: 738: 731: 724: 716: 709: 708: 706: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 659: 656: 655: 645: 644: 637: 630: 622: 615: 614: 612: 611: 604: 597: 596: 595: 581: 574: 565: 564: 563: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 413: 412: 406: 403: 402: 393: 392: 385: 378: 370: 362: 359: 358: 351: 345: 344: 339: 335: 334: 331: 327: 326: 322: 321: 312: 308: 307: 306: 305: 300: 289: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 192: 191: 186: 176: 175: 174: 164: 150: 146: 145: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 113:Light infantry 110: 106: 105: 103:(2013–present) 79: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 63: 55: 54: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14593: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14533: 14531: 14517: 14512: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14485:Islamic State 14483: 14482: 14480: 14478: 14474: 14468: 14465: 14464: 14462: 14458: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14438: 14436: 14434: 14430: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14320: 14318: 14316: 14312: 14308: 14300: 14295: 14293: 14288: 14286: 14281: 14280: 14277: 14265: 14257: 14256: 14253: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14200: 14198: 14194: 14188: 14185: 14184: 14182: 14178: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14110: 14107: 14106: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14091: 14089: 14087: 14086:Peace process 14083: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14003: 14001: 13997: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13942: 13940: 13936: 13932: 13925: 13921: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13890:Yaser Tabbara 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13855:Dawoud Rajiha 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13810:Ghassan Hitto 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13780:Suheir Atassi 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13760:Fida al-Sayed 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13715:Riad al-Asaad 13713: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13703:Rami Makhlouf 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13685: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13665: 13662: 13655: 13651: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13590: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13555: 13553: 13551: 13550:Islamic State 13547: 13544: 13542: 13538: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13504: 13502: 13498: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13448: 13446: 13444: 13440: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13420: 13418: 13416: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13401: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13367: 13365: 13363: 13359: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13327:Army of Glory 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13260: 13257: 13256: 13255: 13252: 13251: 13249: 13247: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13234: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13198: 13197: 13194: 13190: 13187: 13186: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13172: 13168: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13138: 13136: 13132: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13107: 13105: 13103: 13099: 13096: 13092: 13088: 13081: 13077: 13058: 13055: 13054: 13052: 13048: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12989: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12950: 12944: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12936: 12932: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12903: 12897: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12868: 12863: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12838: 12836: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12784: 12782: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12758:Daraa clashes 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12730: 12728: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12689:Afrin bombing 12687: 12685: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12661: 12660:US airstrikes 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12615:June bombings 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12569: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12422: 12419: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12396: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12212: 12208: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12106: 12103: 12102: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11997: 11995: 11993: 11989: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11744: 11741: 11740: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11727: 11724: 11723: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11681:Maan massacre 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11656: 11655: 11652: 11651: 11649: 11647: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11596:Adra massacre 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11548: 11545: 11544: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11531: 11528: 11527: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11466: 11463: 11462: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11449: 11446: 11445: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11417: 11414: 11413: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11391: 11390: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11379: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11313: 11309: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11253: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11231:Siege of Homs 11229: 11227: 11226:Siege of Hama 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11106: 11104: 11102: 11101: 11096: 11092: 11088: 11083: 11079: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11056: 11054: 11050: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10979: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10964: 10962: 10958: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10922: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10897: 10895: 10891: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10859:Belligerents 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10815: 10811: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10789: 10784: 10782: 10777: 10775: 10770: 10769: 10766: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10705: 10702: 10691: 10688: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10674: 10671: 10668: 10665: 10662: 10659: 10656: 10653: 10650: 10647: 10644: 10641: 10638: 10635: 10632: 10629: 10626: 10623: 10620: 10617: 10614: 10611: 10608: 10605: 10602: 10599: 10596: 10593: 10590: 10587: 10584: 10581: 10578: 10575: 10572: 10569: 10566: 10563: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10554: 10547: 10544: 10541: 10538: 10535: 10532: 10529: 10526: 10523: 10520: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10506: 10503: 10502: 10500: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10487: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10465: 10462: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10448: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10438: 10432: 10431:Kurdish Front 10429: 10426: 10423: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10396: 10386: 10385:Razkari Party 10383: 10381: 10378: 10377: 10375: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10362: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10341: 10338: 10335: 10332: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10313: 10310: 10307: 10304: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10269: 10266: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10247: 10244: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10204: 10201: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10149: 10143: 10142:Sipay Rizgari 10140: 10138: 10135: 10132: 10129: 10126: 10123: 10120: 10117: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10108:Komalah (CPI) 10106: 10104: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10085: 10075: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10045: 10040: 10038: 10033: 10031: 10026: 10025: 10022: 10010: 10007: 10006: 10003: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9922: 9920: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9867: 9864: 9861: 9857: 9847: 9844: 9843: 9840: 9837: 9833: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9815:Kurdish Front 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9782: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9760: 9759: 9756: 9752: 9749: 9748: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9718: 9715: 9712: 9708: 9703: 9696: 9691: 9689: 9684: 9682: 9677: 9676: 9673: 9667: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9649: 9645: 9641: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9606: 9598: 9594: 9590: 9584: 9568: 9564: 9558: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9529: 9510: 9504: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9475: 9459: 9455: 9449: 9433: 9429: 9423: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9394: 9389: 9388: 9383: 9376: 9360: 9356: 9350: 9342: 9338: 9332: 9325: 9321: 9317: 9311: 9304: 9299: 9298: 9290: 9284: 9277: 9265: 9264: 9256: 9250: 9243: 9230: 9229: 9221: 9215: 9213: 9205: 9189: 9182: 9176: 9174: 9157: 9151: 9135: 9131: 9124: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9102: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9081: 9065: 9061: 9055: 9048: 9041: 9035: 9028: 9016: 9012: 9005: 8998: 8994: 8988: 8980: 8976: 8969: 8961: 8957: 8951: 8944: 8939: 8932: 8919: 8915: 8909: 8893: 8887: 8879: 8875: 8869: 8853: 8849: 8843: 8827: 8823: 8817: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8795: 8788:. 9 May 2017. 8787: 8783: 8777: 8770:. 9 May 2017. 8769: 8768: 8763: 8757: 8749: 8745: 8738: 8730: 8724: 8708: 8702: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8681: 8674: 8666: 8660: 8644: 8638: 8630: 8626: 8620: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8579: 8575: 8568: 8552: 8548: 8542: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8508: 8492: 8488: 8482: 8467: 8463: 8460:(in German). 8459: 8455: 8448: 8440: 8434: 8419: 8415: 8408: 8401: 8396: 8392: 8386: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8317: 8311: 8303: 8299: 8292: 8284: 8280: 8274: 8258: 8254: 8248: 8232: 8228: 8222: 8207: 8203: 8197: 8182: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8163: 8155: 8151: 8145: 8130: 8126: 8119: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8085: 8069: 8065: 8060: 8053: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8020: 8016: 8009: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7967: 7961: 7945: 7939: 7937: 7920: 7914: 7898: 7894: 7888: 7873: 7872: 7867: 7860: 7845: 7841: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7821: 7817: 7812: 7804: 7802: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7760: 7756: 7750: 7748: 7731: 7730:Bloomberg.com 7727: 7721: 7719: 7703: 7699: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7668: 7664: 7657: 7642:. 5 July 2017 7641: 7637: 7631: 7629: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7601: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7573: 7565: 7564: 7559: 7552: 7544: 7543: 7538: 7531: 7516: 7515: 7510: 7503: 7501: 7492: 7483: 7475: 7471: 7465: 7450: 7447:(in German). 7446: 7439: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7391: 7387: 7381: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7356: 7351: 7345: 7338: 7337:heavy armour. 7333: 7329: 7328: 7323: 7317: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7276: 7275: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7244: 7240: 7233: 7217: 7211: 7195: 7191: 7184: 7176: 7170: 7154: 7148: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7106: 7102: 7096: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7074: 7072: 7056: 7050: 7035: 7034: 7029: 7023: 7007: 7006: 7001: 6995: 6987: 6981: 6977: 6976: 6968: 6961: 6945: 6938: 6931: 6924: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6871: 6864: 6857: 6841: 6835: 6828: 6813: 6806: 6799: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6766: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6724: 6718: 6710: 6704: 6689: 6688:ypgrojava.org 6685: 6678: 6670: 6664: 6656: 6654:9780745336596 6650: 6646: 6639: 6632: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6607: 6596: 6590: 6575: 6571: 6564: 6549: 6548:www.aa.com.tr 6545: 6539: 6523: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6490: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6449:World Affairs 6446: 6439: 6431: 6425: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6397: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6368: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6308: 6293: 6292: 6287: 6281: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6253: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6225: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6152: 6148: 6142: 6134: 6128: 6112: 6106: 6091: 6087: 6080: 6072: 6065: 6059:, p. 16. 6058: 6057:Rashid (2018) 6053: 6037: 6033: 6027: 6011: 6007: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5992: 5982: 5976: 5967: 5960: 5954: 5945: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5874:Kurdish Front 5872: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5855: 5850: 5843: 5839: 5837: 5831: 5829: 5825: 5820: 5817: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5801: 5798: 5793: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5723: 5718: 5716: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5672:Islamic State 5669: 5668:Cizire Canton 5659: 5657: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5613: 5610: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5560: 5558: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5527:Islamic State 5524: 5520: 5516: 5515:Mazlum Kobanî 5508: 5504: 5503:M1126 Stryker 5499: 5493:in April 2017 5492: 5488: 5483: 5477:United States 5474: 5469: 5459: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5413:Anna Campbell 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5364:Jazira Canton 5361: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5345:Anna Campbell 5342: 5338: 5334: 5333:Macer Gifford 5330: 5325: 5322: 5321:Jordan Matson 5318: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5259:9M115 Metis-M 5256: 5255:9M113 Konkurs 5250: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5238:IAG Guardians 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5195:Islamic State 5191: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5160: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5129: 5128:Islamic State 5124: 5118: 5113: 5111: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4934:Martyr Alişêr 4933: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4886:20 April 2017 4885: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4825: 4822: 4814: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4780:This section 4778: 4774: 4769: 4768: 4751: 4739: 4727: 4715: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4676: 4671: 4657: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4517: 4509: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4451:, a group of 4450: 4447:In 2014, the 4441: 4432: 4430: 4425: 4421: 4420:al-Yaarubiyah 4415: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4374:al-Darbasiyah 4371: 4367: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4265:Establishment 4262: 4260: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4241:Early origins 4238: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4209:announced in 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4148:Islamic State 4144: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4075: 4070: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4032: 4031: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3812: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3738: 3737:Kurdish riots 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3708:al-Yaarubiyah 3706: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3664: 3657: 3647: 3642: 3640: 3635: 3633: 3628: 3627: 3624: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3541:May 2015 raid 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3510: 3509:Israel's role 3507: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3404: 3399: 3397: 3392: 3390: 3385: 3384: 3381: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3341:Andrei Karlov 3339: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3242:Kurdish riots 3240: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3179: 3169: 3164: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3009: 3004: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2962:Spring Shield 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2929:Kayla Mueller 2927: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2854: 2849: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2759: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2737: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2663:Northern Homs 2660: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2541: 2540: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2487:2nd Abu Kamal 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2440:Central Syria 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2361: 2360:Khan Shaykhun 2358: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2324: 2323:Islamic State 2315: 2310: 2308: 2303: 2301: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2246:Azaz bombings 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2106:1st Abu Kamal 2104: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1986: 1984: 1978: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1914:2nd Tel Abyad 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1899:Homs bombings 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1867:Orontes River 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1598:5th Idlib Gov 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1498: 1497:ISIL advances 1494: 1490: 1480: 1475: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1422:Tabqa Airbase 1420: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1386:2nd Wadi Deif 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1308: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1213:2nd al-Qusayr 1211: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1100:Quneitra Gov. 1098: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1061:al-Yaarubiyah 1059: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1019:Khan al-Assal 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 999: 995: 991: 990: 986: 985: 984: 981: 979: 978: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 956: 955:Northern Homs 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 941: 938: 932: 928: 920: 915: 913: 908: 906: 901: 900: 897: 885: 882: 881: 880: 877: 875: 874:1st al-Qusayr 872: 870: 867: 863: 860: 859: 858: 857: 853: 849: 846: 845: 844: 843: 839: 835: 832: 830: 827: 826: 825: 822: 820: 819: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 777: 776: 775: 771: 767: 764: 763: 762: 761: 757: 756: 753: 747: 737: 732: 730: 725: 723: 718: 717: 714: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 660: 657: 651: 643: 638: 636: 631: 629: 624: 623: 620: 616: 610: 609: 605: 603: 602: 598: 594: 593: 589: 588: 587: 586: 582: 580: 579: 575: 573: 572: 568: 567: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 416: 415: 414: 411: 408: 407: 404: 400: 391: 386: 384: 379: 377: 372: 371: 368: 363:Military unit 356: 353:Zainab Afrin 352: 346: 343: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 318: 313: 309: 304: 301: 299: 296: 295: 294: 293: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 180: 177: 173: 170: 169: 168: 165: 163: 160: 159: 158: 154: 151: 147: 144: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 111: 107: 102: 90: 80: 76: 72: 68: 61: 56: 46: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 14515: 14504: 14393:Saudi Arabia 14146:Vienna talks 13820:Randa Kassis 13795:Farid Ghadry 13770:Khaled Khoja 13765:Riad al-Turk 13573:Liwa al-Aqsa 13450: 13443:SDF militias 13385:Saudi Arabia 13211:Wagner Group 13084:Belligerents 12866: 12827: 12773: 12719: 12670: 12635:Barisha raid 12558: 12431: 12197: 11978: 11820: 11636: 11492: 11298: 11169: 11099: 9875:Demographics 9736:Human rights 9726:Constitution 9648:the original 9638: 9630:Bibliography 9605: 9583: 9571:. Retrieved 9557: 9545:. Retrieved 9528: 9516:. Retrieved 9503: 9491:. Retrieved 9474: 9462:. Retrieved 9448: 9438:14 September 9436:. Retrieved 9431: 9422: 9414:the original 9400: 9391: 9385: 9375: 9363:. Retrieved 9358: 9349: 9340: 9331: 9323: 9310: 9301: 9295: 9283: 9275: 9268:. Retrieved 9261: 9249: 9240: 9233:. Retrieved 9226: 9202: 9195:. Retrieved 9188:the original 9160:. Retrieved 9150: 9138:. Retrieved 9134:the original 9123: 9115:the original 9110: 9101: 9093: 9080: 9068:. Retrieved 9063: 9054: 9046: 9034: 9025: 9018:. Retrieved 9004: 8996: 8987: 8979:The Guardian 8978: 8968: 8959: 8950: 8938: 8929: 8922:. Retrieved 8917: 8908: 8896:. Retrieved 8886: 8878:npasyria.com 8877: 8868: 8856:. Retrieved 8852:the original 8842: 8830:. Retrieved 8826:the original 8816: 8808:the original 8803: 8794: 8785: 8776: 8765: 8756: 8747: 8737: 8723: 8711:. Retrieved 8701: 8693: 8687: 8683: 8673: 8659: 8647:. Retrieved 8637: 8629:pukmedia.com 8628: 8619: 8607:. Retrieved 8602: 8593: 8581:. Retrieved 8578:The Guardian 8577: 8567: 8555:. Retrieved 8550: 8541: 8529:. Retrieved 8517: 8507: 8495:. Retrieved 8490: 8481: 8469:. Retrieved 8457: 8447: 8433: 8421:. Retrieved 8417: 8407: 8398: 8385: 8373:. Retrieved 8369:the original 8359: 8349:28 September 8347:. Retrieved 8343:the original 8332: 8320:. Retrieved 8310: 8302:The Guardian 8301: 8291: 8282: 8273: 8261:. Retrieved 8257:the original 8247: 8235:. Retrieved 8230: 8221: 8209:. Retrieved 8205: 8196: 8184:. Retrieved 8173:The Guardian 8172: 8162: 8153: 8144: 8132:. Retrieved 8128: 8118: 8106:. Retrieved 8095:The Guardian 8094: 8084: 8072:. Retrieved 8063: 8052: 8043: 8034: 8022:. Retrieved 8008: 7996:. Retrieved 7982: 7970:. Retrieved 7960: 7948:. Retrieved 7923:. Retrieved 7913: 7901:. Retrieved 7887: 7875:. Retrieved 7869: 7859: 7847:. Retrieved 7843: 7788:. Retrieved 7783: 7774: 7762:. Retrieved 7758: 7734:. Retrieved 7729: 7705:. Retrieved 7701: 7670:. Retrieved 7666: 7656: 7644:. Retrieved 7639: 7615:. 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