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Their father decided to build a new house in
Wimbledon while he became a barrister. Penelope had been to schools in England and France and now went with her family to Germany where she learned about the Froebel approach to education. The sisters went to day schools in Dresden and Gotha while the new
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In 1895 new premises were required and it was planned to build near
Rottingdean. The family got behind the idea and their brother Paul invested £50 from his new job as a barrister. The new school was constructed between 1897 and 1899 and the growth to what was called Roedean was a step change. The
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On
Valentines Day in 1885 Dorothy Lawrence wrote to Penelope who was in Madeira. She and her sister Millicent proposed that the three of them should start a school. Dorothy, Millient and their mother had already been running a school for four years and they had outgrown the family home. The new
144:, London. Her mother, Charlotte Augusta (born Bailey), died within three months of Lawrence's birth. Her father, Philip Henry Lawrence (1822–1895), was a solicitor who in the following year married Margaret Davies. Education had long been an interest in Penelope's family; her father's aunt was
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Lena
Martineau and her sister Lucy, who was three years older, had been boarders at Roedean school in Sussex, which, recently founded, was much favoured by the daughters of the wealthy non-conformist middle class. When Lena begins her diary in an exercise book in January 1892 one of the first
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Millicent
Lawrence taught archery and Christabel Lawrence taught games at the school in the 1890s. She was a founding member of the Ladies Hockey Association and a life member of the All England Women's Hockey Association. She married the naval writer Leslie Cope Cornford.
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Meanwhile her father's finances were failing, the new house was mortgaged, and the money was not available to send her sisters to
Newnham. Dorothy went to Bedford College and Penelope paid for her half sister Millicent to attend teacher training at
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school had six paying pupils when it opened at a house they had rented in
Brighton. The school had another four pupils but they didn't pay, but "ten" was good marketing. The idea was successful and the school moved to
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conducted her own educational establishment. These connections continued thorough the decades with sisters
Madeline (Lena) and Lucy Martineau boarding at Roedean in the school's early years at Wimbledon.
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Penelope
Lawrence's family lived in Wimbledon and in time there would be fourteen children. Her father, Philip, was overworked, and he took himself and the family to Freiberg in 1864 and then on to
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new school was run on stricter lines more like a traditional boys school and each of the sisters took responsibility for a house. There was a triumpherate but
Dorothy was the lead.
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In 1903 her youngest half sister Theresa Lawrence founded a school for the daughters of executives involved in gold mining in South Africa. This school still exists and is called
302:"Woman and Her Sphere - 'Painting Days at School of Art are perfect bliss: the manuscript diary (1892-1914) of Sarah Madeleine Martineau, art student and craft worker'"
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and called itself Wimbledon House. Five of the Lawrence sisters were now employed in teaching where it was said that students had two or three hours exercise each day.
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running the kindergarten in Tavistock Place. Bishop had gone more training in Germany. Lawrence was at the Kindergarten until 1883.
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Wimbledon House staff in 1888 including the founding Lawrence sisters and Sylvia Lawrence who was the original Art Mistress
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In 1924 the three founding sisters retired and Penelope had decided who should replace them and she head hunted
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235:. Theresa had been one of the first four children taught by Penelope at Wimbledon School when it was founded.
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house was built. In 1873 the new house was built and Dorothy went off to complete her education at
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to take place. Penelope's choice would continue to lead Roedean for the rest of her career.
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entries relates that Barbara Shore Smith, who had been a contemporary at Roedean...
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354:(online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/48570.
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Practical Visionaries: Women, Education and Social Progress, 1790–1930
467:. Internet Archive. Cape Town : Struik Publishers. p. 302.
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in 1932. A Brighton and Hove bus is called the Lawrence Sisters.
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Archery in the 1890s: Millicent Lawrence is the central figure
120:(10 November 1856 – 3 July 1932) was a British co-founder of
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Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004).
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The Poems of Anna Letitia Barbauld - (Notes and Variants)
567:"Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company Limited"
499:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
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441:"Our Hall of Fame K – O | Bergman Österberg Union"
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345:"The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
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176:who was to transform education in Germany.
388:Hirsch, Pam; Hilton, Mary (30 July 2014).
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496:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
351:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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464:The South African family encyclopaedia
16:Co-founder of Roedean School, Brighton
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623:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
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148:who, like her mutual friends the
124:in Brighton with her half sisters,
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223:Roedean School Art class in 1907
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534:"Education: Frightfully Gamesy"
37:Penelope Lawrence (in 1926) by
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245:Lawrence died at her home in
233:Roedean School (South Africa)
184:. In 1881 Penelope succeeded
520:UK public library membership
375:UK public library membership
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172:. One of her friends was
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266:Barbauld, A.L. (1994).
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505:10.1093/ref:odnb/52247
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304:. Woman and Her Sphere
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461:Joyce, Peter (1989).
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154:Anna Letitia Barbauld
140:Lawrence was born in
240:Emmeline Mary Tanner
571:history.buses.co.uk
540:. 2 December 1946.
416:"History – Roedean"
608:People from London
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182:Maria Grey College
130:Millicent Lawrence
518:(Subscription or
474:978-0-86977-887-6
401:978-1-317-87722-6
373:(Subscription or
279:978-0-8203-1528-7
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64:3 July 1932
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522:required.)
377:required.)
253:References
162:Versailles
93:Occupation
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510:5 October
308:3 January
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142:Hyde Park
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
